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Faramarzi S, Kiani B, Faramarzi S, Firouraghi N. Cancer patterns in Iran: a gender-specific spatial modelling of cancer incidence during 2014-2017. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:191. [PMID: 38342916 PMCID: PMC10860283 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a significant public health concern and the second leading cause of death. This study aims to visualize spatial patterns of top common cancer types and identify high-risk and low-risk counties for these cancers in Iran from 2014 to 2017. METHODS In this study, we analyzed 482,229 newly diagnosed cancer cases recorded by the Iranian National Population-Based Cancer Registry from 2014 to 2017. We employed a purely spatial scanning model and local Moran I analysis to explore spatial patterns across Iran. RESULTS Approximately 53% of all cases were male. The average age of cancer diagnosis was 62.58 ± 17.42 years for males and 56.11 ± 17.33years for females. Stomach cancer was the most common cancer in men. The northern and northwestern regions of Iran were identified as high-risk areas for stomach cancer in both genders, with a relative risk (RR) ranging from 1.26 to 2.64 in males and 1.19 to 3.32 in females. These areas recognized as high-risk areas for trachea, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer specifically in males (RR:1.15-2.02). Central regions of Iran were identified as high-risk areas for non-melanoma skin cancers in both genders, ranking as the second most common cancer (RR:1.18-5.93 in males and 1.24-5.38 in females). Furthermore, bladder cancer in males (RR:1.32-2.77) and thyroid cancer in females (RR:1.88-3.10) showed concentration in the central part of Iran. Breast cancer, being the most common cancer among women (RR:1.23-5.54), exhibited concentration in the northern regions of the country. Also, northern regions of Iran were identified as high-risk clusters for colon cancer (RR:1.31-3.31 in males and 1.33-4.13 in females), and prostate cancer in males (RR:1.22-2.31). Brain, nervous system cancer, ranked sixth among women (RR:1.26-5.25) in central areas. CONCLUSIONS The study's revelations on the spatial patterns of common cancer incidence in Iran provide crucial insights into the distribution and trends of these diseases. The identification of high-risk areas equips policymakers with valuable information to tailor targeted screening programs, facilitating early diagnosis and effective disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Faramarzi
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behzad Kiani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shahla Faramarzi
- Department of Health Information Management School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Firouraghi
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ramezani A, Sabbaghi H, Katibeh M, Ahmadieh H, Kheiri B, Yaseri M, Moradian S, Alizadeh Y, Soltani Moghadam R, Medghalchi A, Etemad K, Behboudi H. Prevalence of cataract and its contributing factors in Iranian elderly population: the Gilan eye study. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4503-4514. [PMID: 37584824 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the prevalence and the associated factors leading to cataract among the Iranian population living in Gilan Province, Iran. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study was performed from June to November 2014 on 2,975 residents aged ≥ 50 years old living in urban and rural regions of the Gilan Province in Iran. A representative sample of residents in the province was recruited into the study through door-to-door visiting, and baseline data were collected by questionnaire. All participants were referred to the medical center for comprehensive ophthalmic examination, laboratory tests, and blood pressure measurement. RESULTS Among the population, 2,588 (86.99%) subjects were eligible to be included in this study, categorized either into the cataract or the non-cataract group. The mean age of participants was 62.59 ± 8.92 years, and 57.5% were female. Higher prevalence of cataract was found in individuals of older ages (odds ratio (OR) = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10 to 1.16; P < 0.001) and a history of previous ocular surgery (OR = 5.78; 95% CI = 2.28 to 14.63; P < 0.001). At the same time, a lower prevalence of cataract was seen in patients exposed to sunlight for more than 4 h per day (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.73; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Cataract affects 50.50% of the study population, especially those over 80. The mildest form of cataract, grade zero, is the most common. Surgery for cataract has good outcomes. The risk of cataract is higher for those older or who have had eye surgeries. People not affected by cataract tend to be exposed to more sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Ramezani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak Street, Tehran, 198353-5511, Iran
| | - Hamideh Sabbaghi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Katibeh
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kheiri
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Moradian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Alizadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Reza Soltani Moghadam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Medghalchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Koorosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Behboudi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran.
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Safi S, Ahmadzade M, Karimi S, Akbari ME, Rouientan H, Abolhosseini M, Rezaei Kanavi M, Khorrami Z. A registration trend in eyelid skin cancers and associated risk factors in Iran, 2005-2016. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:924. [PMID: 37777736 PMCID: PMC10543867 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eyelid skin cancers are the most prevalent ophthalmic malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the Human Development Index (HDI) and lifestyle risk factors with eyelid skin cancers in Iran. METHODS This ecological study analyzed the data collected from the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (2005-2016). The data on provincial-level eyelid skin cancer risk factors were obtained from national sources. The association between provincial HDI and lifestyle risk factors with the prevalence of eyelid skin cancers was assessed. RESULTS The mean 12-year age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of eyelid skin cancers was 16.22 per 100,000 (9,104 cases). The overall ASIR showed an upward trend with an estimated annual average increase of 0.006 per year. There were positive correlations between the prevalence of overall eyelid skin cancers and provincial HDI, smoking, and obesity (r = 0.32, 0.42, and 0.37, respectively). In multivariate analysis, obesity/overweight remained a positive predictor for high prevalence of total eyelid skin cancers (OR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.08-3.58, P = 0.026), carcinoma (2.10, 1.15-3.83, P = 0.015), and basal cell carcinoma (1.48, 0.99-2.20, P = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS An increasing trend in ASIR of eyelid skin cancers was observed in more than a decade in Iran which was positively associated with provincial HDI and prevalence of obesity. The findings of the study highlight the importance of promotional programs for preventing obesity/overweight and appropriate allocation of screening facilities based on the HDI level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sare Safi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadese Ahmadzade
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karimi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Rouientan
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abolhosseini
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Khorrami
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Maleki A, Daniali SS, Shahnazi H, Hassanzadeh A. Application of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in Teaching Skin Cancer Prevention Behaviors in Male Students. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2023; 38:497-504. [PMID: 35147905 PMCID: PMC8853144 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-022-02145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are at high risk of skin cancer. Since protecting the skin from the sun's ultraviolet rays is an important way to prevent this disease, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching skin cancer prevention behaviors using the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in male students in Isfahan. An intervention study examined change in attitudes and behaviors among 104, 13-year-old male students from two schools in Isfahan, Iran. The schools were randomized to either receive or not receive a 5-session skin cancer prevention curriculum based in PMT theory. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire that included demographic, PMT, and behavior construct variables. Questionnaires were completed by both groups before and 2 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, paired t-test, and McNemar's test. The results indicated that the mean scores of all constructs of PMT increased in the intervention group compared to the baseline assessment, except for the response cost (P < 0.001). The mean score of students' skin cancer preventive behaviors was 39.6 (21.4) in the intervention group, and it increased to 74.7 (23.5) after educational intervention, while the control group did not exhibit any significant behavior change. The intervention certainly shows the potential for being effective over the short-term. Therefore, it is recommended that PMT-based educational interventions be designed to teach and promote social health, particularly at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Maleki
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Shahrbanoo Daniali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention From None-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahnazi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Huang J, Zhang L, Shi L, Wu M, Lv T, Zhang Y, Lai Y, Tu Q, Wang X, Wang H. An epidemiological study on skin tumors of the elderly in a community in Shanghai, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4441. [PMID: 36932111 PMCID: PMC10023674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity of skin tumors (ST) in China is a great concern as the population ages. No epidemiological survey on ST in elderly communities in China has been reported. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the residents over 60 years old in a community in Shanghai, China from May 1, 2011 to November 30, 2011. The prevalence of cutaneous tumors and associated factors were analyzed. Among 2038 valid cases, a total of 78 (3.8%, 95% CI 3.0-4.7) skin cancers (SC) were confirmed. According to the final multivariate regression analysis, age, gender and previous occupation were the significantly influential factors for SC. Actinic keratosis (AK) accounted for the largest proportion (63, 3.1%) in SC. The head and neck was the physiological site with the highest incidence of SC (64, 82.1%), and AK was the most common (55, 87.3%) in head and neck SC. The common concomitant diseases of SC were hypertension (26, 33.3%) and diabetes mellitus (9, 11.5%). Seborrheic keratosis (SK) was the most common benign skin tumor with a prevalence of 100%. Men and women developed SK in significantly different parts of the body (P < 0.0001). The incidence of ST in the elderly population in Shanghai community increased with age. ST preferred to occur in the head and neck, which might be attributed to excessive ultraviolet (UV) exposure in these areas. Therefore, early diagnosis and sun-protection education are essential interventions for ST in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Lv
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxian Lai
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Tu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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MicroRNA-140-5p inhibits cellular proliferation, migration and invasion by downregulating AKT/STAT3/NF-κB pathway in breast carcinoma cells. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:587-597. [PMID: 36651361 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) plays a pivotal role in human cancers. However, its role and molecular mechanisms in breast carcinoma are not fully explored. Using miR-140-5p transfected breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, several in vitro experiments were performed and described in this paper. They consist of the cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, colony formation assays and qRTPCR. Expression levels of target proteins were determined using Western blotting. In addition, experiments on animal models were performed to study the possible role of miR-140-5p in tumorigenesis of breast carcinoma cells. The induction of experimental breast tumor in mice model was achieved through the incorporation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cells subcutaneously into the middle left side of the mice. The results showed that miR-140-5p up-regulation significantly suppresses proliferation, cellular invasion and migration of breast carcinoma cells. Furthermore, miR-140-5p up-regulation stops breast cancer cells at G0/G1 phase. The results of the animal model indicated that up-regulation of miR-140-5p suppresses its tumorigenic ability. Moreover, we also found that miR-140-5p up-regulation reduces the phosphorylation level of STAT3, p65, and AKT. In addition, miR-140-5p overexpression significantly decreases CDK2 expression while increasing E-cadherin expression level. These data revealed that miR-140-5p suppressed tumor progression of breast carcinoma cells through inhibition of the AKT/STAT3/NF-κB pathway. Taken the present study results together, we can conclude that miR-140-5p may act as a novel target in microRNA-targeting anticancer strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Allahqoli L, Mazidimoradi A, Momenimovahed Z, Rahmani A, Hakimi S, Tiznobaik A, Gharacheh M, Salehiniya H, Babaey F, Alkatout I. The Global Incidence, Mortality, and Burden of Breast Cancer in 2019: Correlation With Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use. Front Oncol 2022; 12:921015. [PMID: 35965518 PMCID: PMC9363894 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.921015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female breast cancer (FBC) is the most common type of cancer and is associated with a considerable disease burden as well as significant mortality rates. The present study aimed to provide an update on the incidence, mortality, and burden of FBC in 2019, based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. Materials The incidence, death rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), the age-standardized rates (ASR) of FBC in 204 countries, and a variety of classifications, were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Data on tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and drug use were collected. The incidence, mortality, and burden of FBC were registered and compared between regions. Associations between age-standardized incidence rates and age-standardized mortality rates of FBC with smoking, drinking, and drug use were determined. Results The highest incidence of FBC was observed in countries with a high socioeconomic status such as those of the European continent. Despite the lower incidence of FBC in countries with a low socio-demographic index (SDI), mortality rates secondary to FBC are higher in these countries than in high-income countries. The highest age-standardized mortality rate has been reported in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), followed by the African Region (AFRO). The highest age-standardized rates of DALY and YLL per 100,000 population in 2019 were observed in lower-income countries, while the highest ASR of YLD per 100,000 population was reported in high-income countries. Conclusion The present GBD-based study provides a comprehensive review of the incidence, mortality, and burden of FBC in 2019. The incidence of FBC is higher in regions with a higher socioeconomic status, whereas mortality rates and DALYs are higher in poorly developed regions. We suggest better screening measures and early detection programs for the latter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Allahqoli
- Midwifery Department, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrooz Mazidimoradi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohre Momenimovahed
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Azam Rahmani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sevil Hakimi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azita Tiznobaik
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Mother and Child Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Gharacheh
- Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Farah Babaey
- Head of Midwifery Department at Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel School of Gynaecological Endoscopy, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ibrahim Alkatout,
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Jalili S, Ghasemi Shayan R. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Health-Related Life Quality Assessment Through Head and Neck, Prostate, Breast, Lung, and Skin Cancer in Adults. Front Public Health 2022; 10:789456. [PMID: 35493355 PMCID: PMC9051448 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.789456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Health assessment data assists the well-being and patient care teams' process in drawing up a care and assistance plan and comprehending the requirements of the patient. Comprehensive and precise data about the Quality of Life of cancer patients play a significant part in the development and organization of cancer patient care. Quality of Life has been used to mean a variety of various things, such as health situation, physical function, symptoms, psychosocial modification, well-being, enjoyment of life, and happiness. Chronic diseases such as cancer are among the disorders that severely affect people's health and consequently their Quality of Life. Cancer patients experience a range of symptoms, including pain and various physical and mental conditions that negatively affect their Quality of Life. In this article, we examined cancer and the impact that this disease can have on the Quality of Life of cancer patients. The cancers examined in this article include head and neck, prostate, breast, lung, and skin cancers. We also discussed health assessment and the importance and purpose of studying patients' Quality of Life, especially cancer patients. The various signs and symptoms of the disease that affect the Quality of Life of patients were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Jalili
- Department of Surgical Technology, Islamic Azad University of Sarab, Sarab, Iran
| | - Ramin Ghasemi Shayan
- Department of Radiology, Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kiani B, Tabari P, Mohammadi A, Mostafavi SM, Moghadami M, Amini M, Rezaianzadeh A. Spatial epidemiology of skin cancer in Iran: separating sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed parts of the body. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:35. [PMID: 35057858 PMCID: PMC8772111 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer is among the most common cancer types with an increasing global trend of incidence rate. This study explores the spatial distribution of skin cancer, considering body sites exposed and not exposed to sunshine separately. Methods We used 4302 skin cancer cases recorded by Fars Cancer Registry in south-western Iran for over 6 years (2011–2017). The variables included in the study were patients’ residence address, gender, age, report date, and final topographical code. The patients’ addresses were geocoded to the counties of the study area. Skin cancer sites were categorized based on sun exposure in male and female cases. We used the empirical Bayesian smoothing approach to smooth the skin cancer incidence rate at the county level to remove any potential population size bias. Finally, Anselin’s Local Moran’s Index and Getis Ord G* were used to identify the clustered and high-risk skin cancer geographical areas. Results The incidence rates had an increasing trend from 14.28 per 100,000 people in 2011 to 17.87 per 100,000 people in 2016, however, it was decreased to 13.05 per 100,000 people in 2017. Out of 4302 patients with skin cancer, 2602 cases (60%) were male. The cancer cumulative incidence rate in males and females who were not exposed to sunshine was 7.80 and 14.18 per 100,000, respectively. The rates increased to 86.22 and 48.20 in males and females who were exposed to the sun. There were some high-risk spatial clusters of skin cancer in the study area. Further investigations are required to identify the underlying cause of the formation of these clusters. Conclusions Patients exposed to sunshine, especially among the male group, experienced much higher rates of cancer occurrence as compared to unexposed individuals. With a heterogeneous spatial pattern, hotspots were identified in non-sun-exposed and sun-exposed categories in the study area. Researchers and policymakers can significantly benefit from the spatial analyses of skin cancer incidence. These analyses can provide useful and timely prevention policies as well as tailored monitoring techniques in high-risk regions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00798-2.
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Rezaiian F, Davoodi SH, Nikooyeh B, Ehsani AH, Kalayi A, Shariatzadeh N, Zahedirad M, Neyestani TR. Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components are Linked with Increased Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers in Iranian Subjects: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2451-2459. [PMID: 34875944 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2012581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The associations between components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR), and several malignancies have been reported. However, the possible link between IR and dermal malignancies, including non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), has not been investigated to date. In this study, we aimed to examine the possible association between components of MetS, IR, adhesion molecules, and NMSC for the first time. This was a case-control study comprising 73 confirmed cases of NMSC and 72 unrelated healthy controls. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments including fasting blood lipid profile, glucose and insulin assays were performed. To evaluate IR, HOMA-IR formula was used. Though fasting serum glucose showed no significant between-group difference, serum concentrations of insulin (p = 0.048) as well as HOMA-IR (p = 0.037) were both significantly higher in NMSC group than in controls. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between waist circumference (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.007-1.080, p = 0.018), percent of visceral fat (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.024-1.190, p = 0.01), HOMA-IR (OR: 1.169, 95% CI: 1.004-1.360, p = 0.044), circulating VCAM-1 concentrations (OR: 1.005, 95% CI: 1.003-1.007, p < 0.001) and NMSC risk. Interestingly, the occurrence of MetS was significantly higher in subjects with NMSC than in healthy controls (p = 0.038). MetS and its components were associated with increased NMSC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaiian
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Cellular Molecular Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Ehsani
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kalayi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Shariatzadeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Zahedirad
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Ferdosi S, Saffari M, Alishahi R, Ghanadan A, Shirkoohi R. Study on Early Onset Melanoma and Germ-Line Mutation in CDKN2A among Patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:3347-3353. [PMID: 34711012 PMCID: PMC8858231 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.10.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malignant melanoma is a highly lethal melanocytic neoplasia with different predisposing factors. The genetic background in familial cases is an important issue in finding at risk family members. CDKN2A is one of these predisposing genes which have been estimated to be involved in germ line mutation in approximately 5-10% of familial melanoma cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS An inclusion criteria for familial melanoma was prepared according to the literature, and the age of onset was considered as a single criteria for selection. A total number of 322 melanoma cases were investigated regarding the criteria, among which 20 patients were chosen (<40 years). DNA was extracted from Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embed of normal tissues and DNA sequencing was performed for all coding sequences of CDKN2A (p16). RESULTS One of the cases showed a pathogenic mutation in codon 108, exon 2(322G >C; Asp108His). Further analysis of his offspring indicated no mutation in the next generation. CONCLUSION As far as the authors of the present study are concerned, this was the first report on this germ-line mutation with mentioned amino acid alteration in the melanoma. Screening the CDKN2A gene for possible mutation could prevent the incidence of familial cases in at risk members. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ferdosi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Saffari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical sciences Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Razieh Alishahi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ghanadan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical sciences Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Dermatopathology, Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
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Heydari E, Dehdari T, Solhi M. Can adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors among seafarers be increased via a theory-based mobile phone-based text message intervention? A randomized clinical trial. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:134. [PMID: 33446158 PMCID: PMC7807693 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main occupational hazards for seafarers is the long exposure to sunlight. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of a mobile phone-based text message intervention in adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors among a sample of seafarers in Genaveh port located in Bushehr province, Iran. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, 136 seafarers were randomly selected and assigned to the intervention (n = 68) or a control groups (n = 68). As a theoretical basis, we followed the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) variables to develop the text messages. The data related to PMT variables and skin cancer preventive behaviors were collected through a questionnaire. Forty-five text messages were designed, pre-tested and sent to the seafarers' phones in the intervention group in 45 days. Both groups were followed up 1 month after the intervention. Data collected in the two stages were analyzed using paired-samples t-test, ANCOVA, and Chi-square tests. RESULTS Following the intervention, the mean scores of adopting skin cancer preventive behaviors (p = 0.001), perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.01), protection motivation (p = 0.02), and fear (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group. There was significant reduction in the response costs (p = 0.05) and perceived rewards (p = 0.01) scores in the intervention group compared with the control group after the intervention. However, there were no significant differences in the perceived vulnerability (p = 0.14), perceived severity (p = 0.09), and response efficacy (p = 0.64) between the two groups after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study indicated the effectiveness of mobile phone-based text message intervention for increasing skin cancer preventive behaviors in Iranian seafarers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry for Clinical Trial (the link to trial: https://www.irct.ir/trial/7572 ). Registered 16 July, 2016. Prospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Heydari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dehdari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Solhi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
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Roozbahani N, Kaviani AH, Khorsandi M. Path analysis of skin cancer preventive behavior among the rural women based on protection motivation theory. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:121. [PMID: 32527329 PMCID: PMC7291759 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-00978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the effective factors on the adoption of preventive behaviors capable of reducing the risk of skin cancer is an important step in designing interventions to promote these behaviors. Based on the protection motivation theory, the present study is aimed to conduct a path analysis of skin cancer preventive behaviors in rural women to explore these factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 243 rural women were randomly selected from the west of Iran to receive a valid and reliable questionnaire assessing constructs from the protection motivation theory, as well as demographic information. Fully completed questionnaires were returned by 230 women and the data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and LISREL8.8. RESULTS Concerning skin cancer preventive behaviors, 27.8% of women wore sun-blocking clothing when working under the sun, 21.7% used sunscreen cream, 5.7% wore a cap, and 4.8% used gloves and sunglasses. Protection motivation theory and per capita income explained 51% of motivation variance and 25% of the variance of skin cancer preventive behaviors. The response efficacy construct was the strongest predictor of the motivation of protection (ß = - 0.44, p < 0/001). Per-capita income (ß = - 0.34, p < 0/001) and motivation (ß = - 0.33, p < 0/001) were the strongest predictors of these behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that protection motivation theory is efficient in predicting skin cancer preventive behaviors and the interventions can be designed and implemented by this theory. Proper planning is also necessary for promoting these behaviors among people with low per-capita income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Roozbahani
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran.
| | - Abdol-Hossain Kaviani
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Khorsandi
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
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Mousavi A, Ardalan A, Takian A, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Naddafi K, Bavani AM. Climate change and health in Iran: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:367-378. [PMID: 32399247 PMCID: PMC7203306 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consequences of climate change are highly impeding the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) anywhere, especially in low and middle-income countries. While climate change scales up, its health-related risks increase, which in turn leads to cause new challenges for public health. As a second largest country of the Eastern Mediterranean Region of World Health Organization, Iran is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. PURPOSE This study seeks the notion of health risks and challenges of climate change in Iran and provide potential evidence-based remedies to prevent and diminish such destructive effects. METHODS A comprehensive literature in various computerized databases was conducted, and numerous published original research and review articles about climate change status and evidences of adverse health consequences of climate change in Iran were reviewed. RESULTS The evidence suggests that the expected health challenges related to climate change in Iran are: rising temperatures; frequent extreme weather events; reduction of air quality; food-borne, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases; mental health and well-being consequences; and the increasing trend of natural disasters and deaths associated with climatological hazards. CONCLUSIONS By considering the growing burden of diseases associated with climate variability in Iran as well as the interdisciplinary nature of climate change and health issues, an integrated, multi-sectoral, and comprehensive approach for identification, prioritization, and implementation of adaptation options is required by Ministry of Health and Medical Education as a custodian of public health in order to enhance the resiliency and adaption against adverse health effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefeh Mousavi
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ardalan
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Takian
- Department of Global Health & Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department Management and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Massah Bavani
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, College of Abureyhan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Moshki M, Karimy M, Asl HR, Mojadam M, Araban M. Predictors of sun protection behavior in high school students of Ahvaz: a cross-sectional study. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0006/ijamh-2018-0006.xml. [PMID: 31860466 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to predict sun protection behavior by using the protection-motivation theory (PMT). INTRODUCTION Sun exposure during childhood and adolescence has a very important role in the development of skin cancer in the future. CASE This was a cross-sectional study. Applying multi-stage random assignment, 380 students from Ahvaz were entered into the study in 2014. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire based on the PMT. An independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman's correlation and a regression test were used to analyze data by SPSS 15. RESULT Among 380 students, 48.2% were male and 51.8% were female. Constructs of the PMT accounted for (adjusted R2) 39% observed variance of protection-motivation or intention to do behaviors and 15% observed variance for sun-protection behaviors through protection motivation, self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility, respectively. DISCUSSION The PMT may be used as a framework to design intervention programs in an attempt to improve intention to perform sun protection behaviors of students. However, the model did not show optimal predictive power for adherence to sun-protection self-care behavior. The findings from this study have important implications in skin cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moshki
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Centre, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mahmood Karimy
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Heydar Rahmati Asl
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mojadam
- Disaster and Emergency Health, Disaster and Emergency Health Department, School of Health, Shahid Sadooghi Medical Sciences University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marzieh Araban
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61375-15751, Iran
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Yousefinejad F, Jowkar F, Barani S, Jamali E, Mahmoudi E, Ramezani A, Mahmoudi Maymand E, Ghaderi A. Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIRs) Genotype and Haplotype Analysis in Iranians with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2019; 23. [PMID: 31103021 PMCID: PMC6661125 DOI: 10.29252/.23.5.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The innate immune system against malignancies is mainly orchestrated by natural killer cells, which carry out killing mechanisms by using their receptors, such as killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). This study was designed to determine the diversity of KIR genes in non-melanoma skin cancers. Methods A total of 160 subjects with skin cancer, including 60 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 100 cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 270 healthy subjects formed the study groups. The sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect the presence or absence of 16 KIR genes. Results KIR3DL1 (p = 0.0381, OR = 4.78, 95% CI = 1.108 to 20.62) increased in BCC patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusion We concluded that the higher frequency of KIR3DL1 in BCC patients compared with healthy controls may increase the probability of developing BCC in Iranians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Yousefinejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farideh Jowkar
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shaghik Barani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Jamali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mahmoudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; ,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Mahmoudi Maymand
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; ,Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; ,Corresponding Authors: Abbas Ghaderi , Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, P.O. Box: 71345-3119; Tel.: (+98-713) 2303687; Fax: (+98-713) 2304952; E-mail:
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Movahedi M, Farajzadegan Z, Khadivi R. Middle-aged Health Checks Program Outputs in Non-communicable Diseases Screening in Iran. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:128. [PMID: 31516669 PMCID: PMC6710917 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_168_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study is identifying the outputs of middle-aged health checks program (MAHCP) in Isfahan province in central of Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. During 30 months, from March 2014 to September 2016, 30-59 years old females and males were screened for abdominal obesity, overweight, obesity, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and also breast, skin, cervix, colorectal, and prostate cancers in all health houses, health posts, and health centers in the province. Based on the data bank of the family health office of the health center of Isfahan province, we estimated the outputs of MAHCP. Results The utilization rate of MAHCP was 0.39-273.06 per 1000 middle-aged population (MAP). The utilization rate in 2015 was higher for women (43.02-273.06 per 1000 MAP), particularly in rural areas (273.06 per 1000 MAP). The case detection rate of physical inactivity was 26.40-498.6, abdominal obesity was 16.50-428.38, overweight was 38.73-365.59, obesity was 3.30-261.99, and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 was 63.21-593.41 per 1000 MAP. Also dyslipidemia was 21.51-171.62, hypertension was12.33-53.88, and diabetes mellitus was 10.71 - 36.99 per 1000 MAP. Cancers detection rate in women included: breast cancers (99.52-330.32), skin (14.24-245.52), cervix (11.94-87.43), and colorectal (0-47.4) per 100,000 MAP. Cancer detection rate in men included: skin (0-59.18), colorectal (0-80.06), and prostate (0-42.03) per 100,000 MAP. Conclusions The MAHCP utilization rate in both the genders, particularly in men, was lower than it had been expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Movahedi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Farajzadegan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Khadivi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Application of Protection Motivation Theory to the Study of the Factors Related to Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.89131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Jeihooni AK, Rakhshani T. The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model and Social Support on Promoting Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in a Sample of Iranian Farmers. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:392-401. [PMID: 29313300 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran. Farmers are exposed to the sun's ultraviolet radiation due to their job and are susceptible to skin cancer. The aim of this study is to survey the effect of educational intervention based on health belief model and social support on promoting skin cancer preventive behaviors in farmers of Fasa City, Fars province, Iran. In this quasi-experimental study, 200 farmers (100 in experimental group and 100 in control group) in Fasa City, Fars, Iran, were selected in 2017. The educational intervention for the experimental group consisted of eight training sessions (introduction to skin cancer, risk factors, complications, benefits and barriers to proper use of sunscreen, UV sunglasses and physical protection, self-efficacy in applying preventive behaviors, role of social support). A questionnaire consisting of demographic information, knowledge, HBM constructs (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action), and social support was used to measure skin cancer preventive behaviors before, 3 months after the intervention, and 6 months later. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 via chi-squared, independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney, and repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.5. The mean age of the farmers was 42.21 ± 10.52 years in the experimental group and 44.28 ± 10.16 years in the control group. Three months after the intervention and 6 months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in the knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, social support, and skin cancer preventive behaviors compared to the control group. This study showed the effectiveness of the intervention based on the HBM constructs and social support in adoption of skin cancer preventive behaviors in 3 and 6 months post intervention in farmers. Hence, these models can act as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions for the prevention of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Rakhshani
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Coffee consumption and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 27:164-170. [PMID: 27902644 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have evaluated the associations between coffee consumption and the risk of skin cancer; however, the results were not conclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis of the cohort and case-control studies was carried out to determine the association between coffee intake and the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Studies were identified by searching the PubMed and MEDLINE databases (to November 2015). Study-specific risk estimates were pooled under the random-effects model. We separately estimated the relative risk of the three conditions, for exposure to different doses of coffee consumption, kind of study design, and analysis restricted to the basal cell carcinoma type. The summary relative risks for nonmelanoma skin cancer were 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-0.99] for one cup of coffee, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.97) for one to two cups of coffee, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.93) for two to three cups of coffee, and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77-0.85) for more than three cups of coffee per day, respectively. This meta-analysis suggested that caffeinated coffee might have chemopreventive effects against basal cell carcinoma dose dependently. However, other prospective studies are warranted to confirm these effects.
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Moeini B, Ezati E, Barati M, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N, Afshari M. Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in Iranian Farmers: Applying Protection Motivation Theory. Workplace Health Saf 2018; 67:231-240. [PMID: 30305002 DOI: 10.1177/2165079918796850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Farmers are among the most common work groups at risk of skin cancer. The protection motivation theory has been widely accepted as a framework for predicting health related behaviors. This study was conducted to determine the role of factors preventing skin cancer among farmers in Eslamabad-e Gharb district, Iran, using the protection motivation theory. In this descriptive study, 280 farmers living in this district were studied from May to June 2017. Using cluster random sampling methods, health houses where farmers received health care were selected. Each farmer within the selected health house was then enrolled into the study using simple random sampling. Data were collected by interview using an author-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire ascertained demographic information and constructs of the protection motivation theory. Almost half of the farmers had a history of sunburn (56.4%). With regard to prevention, a small proportion reported using sunscreen (8.6%), hats (3.2%), gloves 3.9%, sunglasses 4.6%, and protective clothing 15.4%. The results of regression analyses showed that with one unit of increase in the scores of self-efficacy to adopt prevention behavior and perceived protection motivation resulted in an increase in the mean score of the "protective" behavior by 0.26 and 0.20, respectively. Working conditions among farmers place them at great risk and skin cancer prevention is essential. Intervention and prevention programs should fully identify the determinants of skin cancer prevention in farmers; in addition, the identified effective factors must be taken into account when designing and implementing appropriate interventions.
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Moslehi R, Zeinomar N, Boscoe FP. Incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Iranian provinces and American states matched on ultraviolet radiation exposure: an ecologic study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:699-706. [PMID: 29241156 PMCID: PMC5921862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), with UVB and UVA as the relevant components, is a risk factor for melanoma. Complete ascertainment and registration of melanoma in Iran was conducted in five provinces (Ardabil, Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan and Kerman) during 1996-2000. The aim of our study was to compare population-based incidence data from these provinces with rates in the United States (US) while standardizing ambient UVR. METHODS Population-based rates representing all incident cases of melanoma (1996-2000) across the five Iranian provinces were compared to rates of melanoma among white non-Hispanics in the US. Overall age-standardized rates (ASR) for Iran and the US (per 100,000 person-years adjusted to 2000 world population) and standardized rate ratios (SRR) were calculated. We measured erythemally-weighted average solar UVR exposures (with contributions from both UVB and UVA range) of the five Iranian provinces using data from NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and selected five US states (Kentucky, Utah, Texas, Oklahoma, and Hawaii) with matching UVR exposure to each province. Incidence rates of melanoma during 1996-2000 in each Iranian province were compared to rates among white non-Hispanics in its UVR-matched US state. RESULTS The overall male and female ASRs of melanoma were 0.60 (95%CI: 0.56-0.64) and 0.46 (95%CI: 0.42-0.49), respectively, for Iran and 22.78 (95%CI: 22.42-23.14) and 16.61 (95%CI: 16.30-16.92) for the US. SRRs of melanoma comparing US to Iran were 37.97 (95%CI: 35.78-40.29) for males and 36.11 (95%CI: 33.69-38.70) for females, indicating significantly higher incidence in the US. ASRs and age-specific rates of melanoma for both genders were significantly lower in each Iranian province compared to its UVR-matched US state. CONCLUSION The markedly lower incidence rates of melanoma in Iranian provinces with similar UVR exposures to US states underscore the need for additional comparative studies to decipher the influence of other extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the risk of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Moslehi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY), New York, USA; Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, SUNY, New York, USA.
| | - Nur Zeinomar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY), New York, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | - Francis P Boscoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY), New York, USA; New York State Cancer Registry, New York State Department of Health, New York, USA.
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Ahmadi A, Salehi F. Evaluation of observed and the expected incidence of common cancers: An experience from Southwestern of Iran, 2010-2014. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:4. [PMID: 29456561 PMCID: PMC5813294 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_788_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Awareness of observed and expected incidence of cancers is so important in managing cancer as the third mortality cause in Iran. In the present study, we evaluated observed and the expected incidence of common cancers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Materials and Methods: This study is a Secondary data analysis. All data about pathology-based cancer registration (Cancer diagnosis was based on pathological laboratory, ICD-O2) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari in Southwestern Iran in 2010–2014 was used. By dividing the number of registered cases of each cancer in every age group into the total observed cancers in that age group, the observed ratio of each cancer in that age group was calculated. Then, using the proposed coefficients Parkin and age-standardized cancer ratio method, the expected ratios in each age group, were calculated. Results: In 5 years study, 2918 new cases of cancer were recorded. Out of them, 1735 (59.46%) were male. The annual average total occurrence of all cancers in this province was 68.2/100,000 populations. The observed incidence ratios of common cancers, including stomach, breast, colorectal, thyroid, lymph nodes, ovaries, gall bladder, the bladder and the brain, were 0.11, 0.12, 0.09, 0.06, 0.02, 0.03, 0.01, 0.08, and 0.05, respectively. The expected incidence ratios of above-mentioned cancers are 0.11, 0.13, 0.1, 0.06, 0.02, 0.03, 0.01, 0.08, and 0.05, respectively. Based on observed (O) and expected (E) comparison, breast and colorectal cancer had higher incidence than expected ratio. Conclusion: Our results showed that in our area, treatment programs and health plans should focus on cancer registration, especially on common cancers and reevaluate breast and colorectal cancer occurrence. Therefore, the plan for the control and prevention of this cancer must be a high priority for health policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e Kord, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e Kord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salehi
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e Kord, Iran
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Perceptions and Practices of the Iranian Population regarding Skin Cancers: A Literature Review. J Skin Cancer 2017; 2017:4934108. [PMID: 29348940 PMCID: PMC5733983 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4934108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being preventable, more than 15% of all cancer cases in Iran occur in the skin, making them the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in the country. The purpose of this study is to gain an insight into the current skin cancer related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices among the Iranian population. A systematic computer based literature search was conducted using databases for articles published through April 2017. Research studies included those that measured skin cancer or sun protection related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in different Iranian population groups. Exclusion criteria for the articles included (1) irrelevant topics to the review article's aim, (2) articles that focused on the treatment of skin cancers instead of prevention practices, and (3) similar studies conducted on populations not indigenous to Iran. A total of 25 articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in the review. Predominant data were collected via questionnaires. Skin cancer related knowledge varied from low to high across the studies. Moreover, there was a pattern of low perceived skin cancer susceptibility and severity. Overall, there was low usage of sun protection methods among the Iranian population. The findings of this study show that efforts to prevent skin cancer are needed. Education concerning the dangers of sun exposure as well as strategies used to prevent or lower the risk of developing skin cancer should be stressed.
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25
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Rafiemanesh H, Pakzad R, Abedi M, Kor Y, Moludi J, Towhidi F, Reza Makhsosi B, Salehiniya H. Colorectal cancer in Iran: Epidemiology and morphology trends. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:738-744. [PMID: 28337105 PMCID: PMC5318687 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in different countries, including Iran. No comprehensive study has been done in the country for colorectal cancer, but information on the incidence and trends is essential to planning. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and morphology of colorectal cancer and its trend in Iran. This study was conducted using data from the national cancer registry system in Iran from 2003-2008. We used joinpoint regression analysis for assessing incidence time trends and morphology change percentage. Of all cases of colorectal cancer, 61.83 % were colon cancer, 27.54 % rectal cancer, 7.46 % rectosigmoid cancer, and 3.10 anal cancer. The most common histological types with the frequencies of 80.85 % was related to adenocarcinoma, NOS. The Annual percentage changes (APC) in ASIR for colorectal cancer significantly increased in both men and women. APC in ASIR was 13.7 (CI: 10.5-17.1) in women and 16.4 (CI: 12.4-20.5) in men. APC of adenocarcinoma in villous adenoma showed significant declining trend (p<0.05), while APC of adenocarcinoma, NOS had a constant trend. The incidence of the cancer in recent years has increased in Iran because of changes in lifestyle and diet. Therefore, further studies are necessary to detect the cause of this cancer and perform preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rafiemanesh
- Students' Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Students' Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yones Kor
- Department of Elder Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Moludi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Towhidi
- Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sobhani M, Taheri AR, Jafarian AH, Hashemy SI. The activity and tissue distribution of thioredoxin reductase in basal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2303-7. [PMID: 27601162 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide. Different mechanisms are proposed to be involved in its pathogenesis such as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, which is the consequence of the disruption of redox balance in favor of oxidants, is involved in the initiation or progression of many tumors. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a key enzyme of the thioredoxin (Trx) system, containing Trx and TrxR and NADPH, which is one of the main cellular oxidoreductases with an essential role in cellular health and survival through providing and maintaining redox balance. Therefore, we aimed to study and compare the activity and tissue distribution of TrxR in tumoral tissue and its healthy margin in patients with BCC. METHODS After biopsy and taking samples from 18 patients, TrxR activity was measured using a commercial kit and its tissue distribution was assessed immunohistochemically. RESULTS Both the activity and tissue distribution of TrxR in tumoral tissues were significantly higher compared to their healthy margins. Regarding the tissue distribution, this significant increase in TrxR in tumoral tissues was documented based on both staining intensity and abundance of positive cells in immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, it is concluded that TrxR is involved in the pathogenesis of BCC; however, more investigations are required to clarify whether this increase is a consequence of BCC or it is an initiating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sobhani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Taheri
- Department of Dermatology, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossein Jafarian
- Department of Pathology, Qaem Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Rafiemanesh H, Maleki F, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Salemi M, Salehiniya H. The Trend in Histological Changes and the Incidence of Esophagus Cancer in Iran (2003-2008). Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:31. [PMID: 26955461 PMCID: PMC4763464 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.175990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is the sixth cause of death in the world, there was a lack of population-based information on the trend and incidence rate of esophagus cancer, so this study aimed to determine the incidence and pathological changes of esophagus cancer in Iran. Methods: In this study, data were extracted from annual cancer registry reports of Iranian ministry of health between 2003 and 2008. Standardized incidence rates were calculated using the world standard population, and incidence rate was calculated by age groups, sex, and histological type. Data on epidemiologic trend and histology were analyzed using Joinpoint software package. Results: In this study, there were 18,177 recorded cases of esophagus cancer. Of all cases, 45.72% were females and 54.28% were males. Sex ratio was 1.19. The most common histological types related to squamous cell carcinoma NOS and adenocarcinoma NOS were 64.53% and 10.37%, respectively. The trend of annual changes of incidence rate significantly increased in both sexes. The annual percentage changes, the incidence rate was 7.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.3–12.6) for women and 9.6 (95% CI: 6.0–13.2) for men. The histology type of SCC, large cell, nonkeratinizing and SCC, keratinizing and SCC, NOS had a significant decreasing trend in total population (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to this study, the trend of age-standardized incidence rate of esophagus cancer in Iran is rising. Hence, to prevent and control this cancer, it is necessary to investigate related risk factors and implement prevention programs in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rafiemanesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Maleki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Salemi
- Roodan Health Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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