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Giuggioli D, Riccieri V, Cipolletta E, Del Papa N, Ingegnoli F, Spinella A, Pellegrino G, Risa AM, de Pinto M, Papa S, Armentaro G, De Angelis R. Peripheral Microangiopathy Changes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Related to Systemic Sclerosis: Data From a Multicenter Observational Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:924899. [PMID: 35898279 PMCID: PMC9309490 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.924899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by immune-system alterations, fibrosis involving the skin and internal organs and diffuse microangiopathy. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe complication of SSc affecting about 10–15% of the patients and it is a leading cause of mortality. Due to the devastating nature of SSc-PAH, there is a clear need to systematically adopt appropriate screening programs. Nail fold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) studies have shown a more severe peripheral microvascular dysfunction in SSc patients with PAH suggesting that abnormalities in peripheral microcirculation may correlate with pulmonary microangiopathy. This is a cross-sectional study involving four tertiary University Rheumatology Units in the Center-North of Italy. Seventy patients, 35 adults with SSc and PAH confirmed by RHC (F/M 34/1; median age 65.2 ± 8.9 SD yrs), and 35 SSc patients without PAH were enrolled (F/M 3471; median age 63.3 ± 10.3 SD yrs). Clinical, laboratoristic and instrumental data were collected and NVC was performed in all patient. Specific NVC parameters were evaluated and a semi-quantitative rating scale was adopted to score these changes. Finally, patients were distributed into the suitable NVC pattern belonging to the scleroderma pattern. Our aim was to compare the peripheral microangiopathy changes in SSc patients with and without PAH, and to investigate the relationship between NVC findings and the main hemodynamic parameters of pulmonary vasculopathy. Patients with SSc-PAH+ showed a significant higher frequency of interstitial lung disease (ILD). No significant differences regarding clinical and laboratoristic parameters were observed. NVC abnormalities, avascular areas were more frequent in SSc patients with PAH, respect to those without (p = 0.03), and capillary density was significantly lower when considering grade 3 (p = 0.02). A higher NVC semiquantitative mean was found in SSc-PAH+ patients and a greater rate of the “late” pattern was detected in SSc-PAH+ subjects in respect to PAH- (57.1% vs. 25.7%) (p = 0.03). A significant correlations between pulmonary pressure values (sPAP by TTE and mPAP by RHC) and the capillary density (Spearman's rho 0.35, p = 0.04 for both). Our findings provide additional evidence to the literature data, confirming that a higher degree of peripheral nailfold microangiopathy is more common in SSc-PAH patients, and further strengthening the concept that NVC changes may run parallel with similar abnormalities inside pulmonary microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilia Giuggioli
- Scleroderma Unit, Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Dilia Giuggioli
| | - Valeria Riccieri
- Scleroderma Clinic, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cipolletta
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Del Papa
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingegnoli
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Amelia Spinella
- Scleroderma Unit, Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Greta Pellegrino
- Scleroderma Clinic, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Risa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco de Pinto
- Scleroderma Unit, Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Papa
- Scleroderma Clinic, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Armentaro
- Clinical Rheumatology Unit, ASST Pini-CTO, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella De Angelis
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Corboz MR, Plaunt AJ, Malinin V, Li Z, Gauani H, Chun D, Cipolla D, Perkins WR, Chapman RW. Treprostinil palmitil inhibits the hemodynamic and histopathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature and heart in an animal model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 916:174484. [PMID: 34508752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Treprostinil palmitil (TP) is a long-acting inhaled pulmonary vasodilator prodrug of treprostinil (TRE). In this study, TP was delivered by inhalation (treprostinil palmitil inhalation suspension, TPIS) in a rat Sugen 5416 (Su)/hypoxia (Hx) model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to evaluate its effects on hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and cardiac performance and histopathology. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received Su (20 mg/kg, s.c), three weeks of Hx (10% O2) and 5 or 10 weeks of normoxia (Nx). TPIS was given during the 5-10 week Nx period after the Su/Hx challenge. Su/Hx increased the mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure (mPAP) and right heart size (Fulton index), reduced cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR), and increased the thickness and muscularization of the pulmonary arteries along with obliteration of small pulmonary vessels. In both the 8- and 13-week experiments, TPIS at inhaled doses ranging from 39.6 to 134.1 μg/kg, QD, dose-dependently improved pulmonary vascular hemodynamics, reduced the increase in right heart size, enhanced cardiac performance, and attenuated most of the histological changes induced by the Su/Hx challenge. The PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil, administered at an oral dose of 50 mg/kg, BID for 10 weeks, was not as effective as TPIS. These results in Su/Hx challenged rats demonstrate that inhaled TPIS may have superior effects to oral sildenafil. We speculate that the improvement of the pathobiology in this PAH model induced by TPIS involves effects on pulmonary vascular remodeling due to the local effects of TRE in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R Corboz
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA.
| | - Adam J Plaunt
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Vladimir Malinin
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Zhili Li
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Helena Gauani
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Donald Chun
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - David Cipolla
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Walter R Perkins
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Richard W Chapman
- Insmed Incorporated, 700 US Highway 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
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3
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Sexual Health-related Quality of Life in Women with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Compensating for Loss. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2022; 19:1122-1129. [PMID: 35119972 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202106-692oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has become increasingly important in disease management as numerous treatment options have improved prognosis and time to clinical worsening. Sexual-HRQoL is poorly understood in patients with PAH, but previous work has shown that patients may face unrecognized challenges, especially related to parenteral prostanoid analogue therapies. Objective: Using qualitative methods, describe challenges and perspectives of sexual-HRQoL among women with PAH. Methods: We conducted 13 semi-structured in-depth interviews at the Pulmonary Hypertension Association's International Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) Conference and Scientific Sessions among female attendees with self-reported World Symposium on PH Group 1 PAH. A coding structure using both deductive and inductive coding was developed to organize and analyze data using applied thematic analysis. Salient themes were identified and presented here using summary and illustrative quotes. Results: Ninety-two percent (12/13) of participants reported a decline in frequency of sex after diagnosis with PAH. A significant portion (62%; 8/13) experienced fear of having sexual intercourse due to cardiopulmonary symptoms. All participants (100%; 13/13) reported compensatory behaviors/strategies during and around sexual intercourse; some participants on subcutaneous prostanoids also reported timing intercourse to coincide with infusion site changes and, as a result, interrupted treatment during this time. Participants reported changing positions during sex to reduce breathlessness, and some reported removing oxygen to avoid interrupting intimacy. Most participants endorsed negative body image related to their medications, external oxygen supplementation, and/or body weight fluctuations (54%; 7/13). Many participants revealed they had never discussed sexual practices with a healthcare professional and desired increased communication and discussion with their providers. Conclusions: Women with PAH face significant burdens and challenges regarding sexual-HRQoL. PAH therapies directly impact sexual-HRQoL. Further targeted qualitative and quantitative studies are needed to better characterize and improve sexual-HRQoL in patients with PAH.
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Diaz-Rodriguez N, Nyhan SM, Kolb TM, Steppan J. How We Would Treat Our Own Pulmonary Hypertension if We Needed to Undergo Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:1540-1548. [PMID: 34649806 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease that has many etiologies and is particularly prevalent in patients presenting for cardiac surgery, with which it is linked to poor outcomes. This manuscript is intended to provide a comprehensive review of the impact of PH on the perioperative management of patients who are undergoing cardiac surgery. The diagnosis of PH often involves a combination of noninvasive and invasive testing, whereas preoperative optimization frequently necessitates the use of specific medications that affect anesthetic management of these patients. The authors postulate that a thoughtful, multidisciplinary approach is required to deliver excellent perioperative care. Furthermore, they use an index case to illustrate the implications of managing a patient with pulmonary hypertension who presents for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sinead M Nyhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Todd M Kolb
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jochen Steppan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
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Montané BE, Fiore AM, Reznicek EC, Jain V, Jellis C, Rokadia H, Li M, Wang X, Dweik R, Loh E, Watkins AC, Haddad F, Amsallem M, Zamanian RT, Perez VJ, Heresi GA. Optimal Tricuspid Regurgitation Velocity to Screen for Pulmonary Hypertension in Tertiary Referral Centers. Chest 2021; 160:2209-2219. [PMID: 34217680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg now defines pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesize that echocardiographic thresholds need to be adjusted. RESEARCH QUESTION Should TRV thresholds to screen for PH be revised given the new hemodynamic definition? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This multicenter retrospective study included 1,608 patients that underwent both echocardiography and right heart catherization within four weeks. The discovery cohort consisted of 1,081 individuals and the validation cohort included 527. Screening criteria for pulmonary hypertension were derived using receiver operating characteristic analysis and the Youden index assuming equal cost for false positive and negative classification. A lower threshold was calculated using a predefined sensitivity: 95%. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, echocardiographic tricuspid regurgitation velocity had a good discrimination for pulmonary hypertension, AUC 88.4 (95% CI, 85.3-91.5). A 3.4 m/s threshold provided a 78% sensitivity, 87% specificity, and 6.13 positive likelihood ratio to detect pulmonary hypertension. 2.7 m/s had a 95% sensitivity and 0.12 negative likelihood ratio to exclude pulmonary hypertension. In the validation cohort, the discovery threshold of 2.7 m/s provided a sensitivity and negative likelihood ratio of 80% and 0.34, respectively. Right cardiac size improved detection of pulmonary hypertension in the lower tricuspid regurgitation velocity groups. INTERPRETATION Our data support a lower tricuspid regurgitation velocity around 2.7 m/s for screening pulmonary hypertension with a high sensitivity in tertiary referral centers. Right heart chamber measurements improve the diagnostic yield of echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew M Fiore
- Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S
| | | | - Vardhmaan Jain
- Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S
| | | | - Haala Rokadia
- Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Hermann, Sound Physicians, Houston, Texas, U.S
| | - Manshi Li
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S
| | - Raed Dweik
- Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S
| | - Eileen Loh
- Applications Team, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S
| | - A Claire Watkins
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S
| | - Francois Haddad
- Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S
| | - Myriam Amsallem
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S
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Luo F, Wu L, Xie G, Gao F, Zhang Z, Chen G, Liu Z, Zha L, Zhang G, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Dual-Functional MN-08 Attenuated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Through Vasodilation and Inhibition of Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling. Hypertension 2021; 77:1787-1798. [PMID: 33775126 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcheng Luo
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (F.L., L.W.)
| | - Liangmiao Wu
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (F.L., L.W.)
| | - Guoqing Xie
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - FangFang Gao
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Guangying Chen
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, P. R. China (Z.L.)
| | - Ling Zha
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
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Shafiq M, Jagavelu K, Iqbal H, Yadav P, Chanda D, Verma NK, Ghosh JK, Gaestel M, Hanif K. Inhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)-Activated Protein Kinase 2 (MK2) is Protective in Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 77:1248-1259. [PMID: 33641361 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shafiq
- From the Division of Pharmacology (M.S., K.J., K.H.), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India (M.S., K.J., K.H.)
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- From the Division of Pharmacology (M.S., K.J., K.H.), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India (M.S., K.J., K.H.)
| | - Hina Iqbal
- Department of Molecular Bio-Prospection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India (H.I., P.Y., D.C.)
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Molecular Bio-Prospection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India (H.I., P.Y., D.C.)
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- Department of Molecular Bio-Prospection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India (H.I., P.Y., D.C.)
| | - Neeraj Kumar Verma
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology (N.K.V., J.K.G.), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Jimut Kanti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology (N.K.V., J.K.G.), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute for Zellbiochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hanover, Germany (M.G.)
| | - Kashif Hanif
- From the Division of Pharmacology (M.S., K.J., K.H.), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India (M.S., K.J., K.H.)
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Chapman RW, Corboz MR, Malinin VS, Plaunt AJ, Konicek DM, Li Z, Perkins WR. An overview of the biology of a long-acting inhaled treprostinil prodrug. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 65:102002. [PMID: 33596473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Treprostinil (TRE) is a prostanoid analog pulmonary vasodilator drug marketed with subcutaneous, intravenous (i.v.), oral, and inhaled routes of administration for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Due to its short half-life, TRE requires either continuous infusion or multiple dosing, which exacerbates its side effects. Therefore, a long-acting prostanoid analog that maintains the positive attributes of TRE but has fewer TRE-related side effects could be of clinical benefit. In this report, we describe the discovery, preclinical development, and biology of the TRE ester prodrug, treprostinil palmitil (TP), which is formulated in a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) for administration as a nebulized inhaled suspension (TPIS). In screening assays focused on the conversion of prodrug to TRE, TP (16 carbon alkyl chain) had the slowest rate of conversion compared with short-alkyl chain TRE prodrugs (i.e., 2-8 carbon alkyl chain). Furthermore, TP is a pure prodrug and possesses no inherent binding to G-protein coupled receptors including prostanoid receptors. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats and dogs demonstrated that TPIS maintained relatively high concentrations of TP in the lungs yet had a low maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of both TP and, more importantly, the active product, TRE. Efficacy studies in rats and dogs demonstrated inhibition of pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by exposure to hypoxic air or i.v.-infused U46619 (thromboxane mimetic) over 24 h with TPIS. Cough was not observed with TPIS at an equivalent dose at which TRE caused cough in guinea pigs and dogs, and there was no evidence of desensitization to the inhibition of pulmonary vasoconstriction in rats with repeat inhaled dosing. TPIS was also more efficacious than i.v.-infused TRE in a sugen/hypoxia rat model of PAH to inhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling, an effect likely driven by local activities of TRE within the lungs. TPIS also demonstrated antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity in the lungs in rodent models of pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. In a phase 1 study in healthy human participants, TPIS (referred to as INS1009) had a lower plasma TRE Cmax and fewer respiratory-related side effects at equimolar doses compared with inhaled TRE. We have now formulated TP as an aerosol powder for delivery by a dry powder inhaler (referred to as treprostinil palmitil inhalation powder-TPIP), and as an aerosol solution in a fluorohydrocarbon solvent for delivery by a metered dose inhaler. These options may reduce drug administration time and involve less device maintenance compared with delivery by nebulization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel R Corboz
- Insmed Incorporated, 202/206 North, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | | | - Adam J Plaunt
- Insmed Incorporated, 202/206 North, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Donna M Konicek
- Insmed Incorporated, 202/206 North, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
| | - Zhili Li
- Insmed Incorporated, 202/206 North, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, USA
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Unrecognized pulmonary arterial hypertension in hospitalized patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 37:1237-1243. [PMID: 33211240 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an underdiagnosed and potentially fatal condition. The utility of screening for PH in hospitalized patients undergoing echocardiography is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed pulmonary hypertension (PH) and probable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in hospitalized patients undergoing echocardiography for any indication. All hospitalized patients undergoing echocardiography were identified and echocardiographs reviewed prospectively for the presence of a tricuspid regurgitant (TR) jet. Electronic medical records (EMR) of patients with a TR jet ≥ 3 m/s were reviewed for identifiable causes of pulmonary hypertension. Patients with no identifiable cause were classified as presumptive World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1 PH (also known as PAH). These PAH patients were compared to other PH patients for baseline demographic characteristics and comorbidities as well as 30-day readmission and mortality. The admitting physicians of patients classified as PH were advised to consider further evaluation including right heart catheterization. We reviewed 4417 consecutive echocardiograms and identified 448 with a TR jet ≥ 3 m/s. Of these 448 patients with PH, 47 were identified as "presumptive PAH" and the other 401 as having PH belonging to WHO Groups 2-5. Presumptive PAH represented 1% of screened echocardiograms and 10.5% of those identified to have an elevated TR jet. Of the patients identified as presumptive PAH, 8 underwent further evaluation including a right heart catheterization, where 5 were confirmed to have PAH. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed 30-day readmission was higher among those classified as PAH. Our data shows that pulmonary hypertension, as defined by TR jet ≥ 3 m/s, is frequently encountered in hospitalized patients undergoing echocardiography for any reason. A careful review of echocardiogram findings and clinical history suggested 10.5% of those with PH (and 1% of all screened patients) may meet the criteria for PAH. Considering PH is a fatal condition which is frequently missed, a hospital screening program seems feasible.
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10
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Bisserier M, Pradhan N, Hadri L. Current and emerging therapeutic approaches to pulmonary hypertension. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2020; 21:163-179. [PMID: 32706206 PMCID: PMC7389678 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.02.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal lung disease of multifactorial etiology. Most of the available drugs and FDA-approved therapies for treating pulmonary hypertension attempt to overcome the imbalance between vasoactive and vasodilator mediators, and restore the endothelial cell function. Traditional medications for treating PAH include the prostacyclin analogs and receptor agonists, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, endothelin-receptor antagonists, and cGMP activators. While the current FDA-approved drugs showed improvements in quality of life and hemodynamic parameters, they have shown only very limited beneficial effects on survival and disease progression. None of them offers a cure against PAH, and the median survival rate remains less than three years from diagnosis. Extensive research efforts have led to the emergence of innovative therapeutic approaches in the area of PAH. In this review, we provide an overview of the current FDA-approved therapies in PAH and discuss the associated clinical trials and reported-side effects. As recent studies have led to the emergence of innovative therapeutic approaches in the area of PAH, we also focus on the latest promising therapies in preclinical studies such as stem cell-based therapies, gene transfer, and epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Natasha Pradhan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Wipprecht S, Wagner J, Bona A, Falvo L, Ahmed RA. Remodulin® Pump Failure: An Emergency Medicine Simulation Scenario. Cureus 2020; 12:e8223. [PMID: 32582484 PMCID: PMC7306662 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease that causes high patient mortality. With limited hemodynamic reserve, many PH patients require maintenance IV infusion medications to maintain their activities of daily living. One common delivery method for this targeted therapy is through a Remodulin® (treprostinil) pump. When presenting for emergent evaluation, decompensating PH patients have a broad differential diagnosis including pump failure. PH patients are at a high risk of poor patient outcomes given the difficulty in recognizing PH-specific symptoms and unique aspects of their management. Therefore, learners will benefit from participating in an immersive simulation-based PH patient scenario in a safe learning environment. Here, we present a simulated scenario of a decompensating PH patient on a Remodulin® pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Wipprecht
- Emergency Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jake Wagner
- Emergency Department, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Anna Bona
- Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Lauren Falvo
- Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Rami A Ahmed
- Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Emergency Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, USA
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12
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Chen SH, Chen LK, Teng TH, Chou WH. Comparison of inhaled nitric oxide with aerosolized prostacyclin or analogues for the postoperative management of pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2020; 52:120-130. [PMID: 32204626 PMCID: PMC7877956 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1746826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of inhaled prostacyclin or its analoguesversus nitric oxide (NO) in treating pulmonary hypertension (PH) after cardiac or pulmonary surgery remains unclear.Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched for literature published prior to December 2019 using the following keywords: inhaled, nitric oxide, prostacyclin, iloprost, treprostinil, epoprostenol, Tyvaso, flolan, and pulmonary hypertension. Randomized controlled trials and multiple-armed prospective studies that evaluated inhaled NO versus prostacyclin (or analogues) in patients for perioperative and/or postoperative PH after either cardiac or pulmonary surgery were included. Retrospective studies, reviews, letters, comments, editorials, and case reports were excluded.Results: Seven studies with a total of 195 patients were included. No difference in the improvement of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (pooled difference in mean change= -0.10, 95% CI: -3.98 to 3.78, p = .959) or pulmonary vascular resistance (pooled standardized difference in mean change= -0.27, 95% CI: -0.60 to 0.05, p = .099) were found between the two treatments. Similarly, no difference was found in other outcomes between the two treatments or subgroup analysis.Conclusions: Inhaled prostacyclin (or analogues) was comparable to inhaled NO in treating PH after cardiac or pulmonary surgery.Key messagesThis study compared the efficacy of inhaled prostacyclin or its analogues versus inhaled NO to treat PH after surgery. The two types of agent exhibited similar efficacy in managing MPAP, PVR, heart rate, and cardiac output was observed.Inhaled prostacyclin may serve as an alternative treatment option for PH after cardiac or pulmonary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuei Chen
- Anesthesiology Department of China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology Department of China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Teng
- Department of Pathology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
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13
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Zhao JH, He YY, Guo SS, Yan Y, Wang Z, Ye J, Zhang JL, Wang Y, Pang XB, Xie XM, Lin JH, Jing ZC, Han ZY. Circulating Plasma Metabolomic Profiles Differentiate Rodent Models of Pulmonary Hypertension and Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:1109-1117. [PMID: 31350549 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe progressive disease with systemic metabolic dysregulation. Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) rodent models are the most widely used preclinical models, however, whether or not these preclinical models recapitulate metabolomic profiles of PAH patients remain unclear. METHODS In this study, a targeted metabolomics panel of 126 small molecule metabolites was conducted. We applied it to the plasma of the 2 preclinical rodent models of PH and 30 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients as well as 30 healthy controls to comparatively assess the metabolomic profiles of PAH patients and rodent models. RESULTS Significantly different metabolomics profiling and pathways were shown among the 2 classical rodent models and IPAH patients. Pathway analysis demonstrated that methionine metabolism and urea cycle metabolism were the most significant pathway involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PH model and MCT-induced model, respectively, and both of them were also observed in the dysregulated pathways in IPAH patients. CONCLUSIONS These 2 models may develop PAH through different metabolomic pathways and each of the 2 classical PH model resembles IPAH patients in certain aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Respiration, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Pang
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Mei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Hui Lin
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine and FuWai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Su H, Xu X, Yan C, Shi Y, Hu Y, Dong L, Ying S, Ying K, Zhang R. LncRNA H19 promotes the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through AT 1R via sponging let-7b in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Res 2018; 19:254. [PMID: 30547791 PMCID: PMC6295077 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is related to inflammation, and the lncRNA H19 is associated with inflammation. However, whether PDGF-BB-H19-let-7b-AT1R axis contributes to the pathogenesis of PAH has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. This study investigated the role of H19 in PAH and its related mechanism. METHODS In the present study, SD rats, C57/BL6 mice and H19-/- mice were injected with monocrotaline (MCT) to establish a PAH model. H19 was detected in the cytokine-stimulated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), serum and lungs of rats/mice. H19 overexpression and knockdown experiments were also conducted. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to explore whether let-7b is a sponge miRNA of H19, and AT1R is a novel target of let-7b. A CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to analyse cell proliferation. RESULTS The results showed that H19 was highly expressed in the serum and lungs of MCT-induced rats/mice, and H19 was upregulated by PDGF-BB in vitro. H19 upregulated AT1R expression via sponging miRNA let-7b following PDGF-BB stimulation. AT1R is a novel target of let-7b. Moreover, the overexpression of H19 and AT1R could facilitate PASMCs proliferation in vitro. H19 knockout protected mice from pulmonary artery remodeling and PAH following MCT treatment. CONCLUSION Our study showed that H19 is highly expressed in MCT-induced rodent lungs and upregulated by PDGF-BB. The H19-let-7b-AT1R axis contributed to the pathogenesis of PAH by stimulating PASMCs proliferation. The H19 knockout had a protective role in the development of PAH. H19 may be a potential tar-get for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Zhejiang, Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Zhejiang, Hangzhou China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Zhejiang, Hangzhou China
| | - Yangfeng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Zhejiang, Hangzhou China
| | - Yanjie Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Zhejiang, Hangzhou China
| | - Liangliang Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Zhejiang, Hangzhou China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, Hangzhou China
| | - Kejing Ying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Zhejiang, Hangzhou China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Zhejiang, Hangzhou China
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15
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Chapman RW, Li Z, Corboz MR, Gauani H, Plaunt AJ, Konicek DM, Leifer FG, Laurent CE, Yin H, Salvail D, Dziak C, Perkins WR, Malinin V. Inhaled hexadecyl-treprostinil provides pulmonary vasodilator activity at significantly lower plasma concentrations than infused treprostinil. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2018; 49:104-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Corboz MR, Li Z, Malinin V, Plaunt AJ, Konicek DM, Leifer FG, Chen KJ, Laurent CE, Yin H, Biernat MC, Salvail D, Zhuang J, Xu F, Curran A, Perkins WR, Chapman RW. Preclinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Hexadecyl-Treprostinil (C16TR), a Pulmonary Vasodilator Prodrug. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:348-357. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Rivera-Lebron BN, Risbano MG. Ambrisentan: a review of its use in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2017; 11:233-244. [PMID: 28425346 PMCID: PMC5933647 DOI: 10.1177/1753465817696040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease defined by an elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure that can lead to right heart failure and death. Ambrisentan is a selective endothelin receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of idiopathic, heritable PAH and connective tissue disease-associated PAH. Ambrisentan has been shown to improve exercise capacity and hemodynamics with an acceptable side-effect profile. It has also proven to be safely used in combination with other PAH-specific medications, especially with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. In the recent randomized trial, AMBITION, it was shown that upfront combination therapy of ambrisentan and tadalafil significantly decreased the risk of clinical failure compared with monotherapy. This review describes the drug profile of ambrisentan and its safety and efficacy in the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda N. Rivera-Lebron
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael G. Risbano
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Montefiore Hospital, NW 628, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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18
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Pulmonary hypertension is caused by cancer and its therapeutic agents including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and even the targeted therapies. Ironically, some of the cancer therapies that cause one type of pulmonary hypertension (PH) could potentially be employed in the treatment of another PH type. Greater awareness on the role of cancer therapeutic agents in causing PH is required. Conversely, since PH is mostly incurable, the potential role of some of these cancer therapeutic agents in the cure of PH should be recognized. In short, the relationship between cancer, cancer therapy, and PH is an interesting one requiring further attention, education, and research.
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19
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Lei W, He Y, Shui X, Li G, Yan G, Zhang Y, Huang S, Chen C, Ding Y. Expression and analyses of the HIF-1 pathway in the lungs of humans with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4383-4390. [PMID: 27667582 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and structural remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, mediated initially by reduced oxygen availability in the lungs. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), consisting of the functional subunit, HIF‑1α, and the constitutively expressed HIF‑1β, is involved in the pathological processes associated with hypoxia. In the current study, the sequences of cDNAs and amino acids of HIF were characterized and analyzed using online bioinformatics tools. To further evaluate whether HIF accounts for the occurrence of PAH, the present study determine the expression and phosphorylation levels of HIF and its associated pathways, including extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 and phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt, in the lungs of patients with PAH by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Erk2, and HIF‑1α in the patients with PAH were significantly higher, compared with those in the control group, by 3.6‑fold (P<0.01), 4.06‑fold and 2.64‑fold (P<0.05), respectively. No significant differences were found in the mRNA and protein levels of Akt between the two groups (P>0.05). The protein levels of phosphorylated (p‑)Akt, Erk1/2, p‑Erk1/2, HIF‑1α and HIF‑1β were significantly increased by 5.89‑, 0.5‑, 0.59‑, 1.46‑ and 0.92‑fold, respectively, in the patients with PAH, compared with those in the controls group (P<0.01 for p‑Akt, Erk1/2; P<0.05 for p‑Erk1/2, HIF‑1α and HIF‑1β). These findings suggested that the mitogen‑activated protein kinase and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and HIF‑1 may perform a specific function in the pathogenesis of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Guoming Li
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Guosen Yan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Shian Huang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Can Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlin Ding
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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20
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Wei C, Kim IK, Li L, Wu L, Gupta S. Thymosin Beta 4 protects mice from monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110598. [PMID: 25412097 PMCID: PMC4239012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive vascular disease of pulmonary arteries that impedes ejection of blood by the right ventricle. As a result there is an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure causing right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and RV failure. The pathology of PAH involves vascular cell remodeling including pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Current therapies are limited to reverse the vascular remodeling. Investigating a key molecule is required for development of new therapeutic intervention. Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is a ubiquitous G-actin sequestering protein with diverse biological function and promotes wound healing and modulates inflammatory responses. However, it remains unknown whether Tβ4 has any protective role in PH. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the whether Tβ4 can be used as a vascular-protective agent. In monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH mouse model, we showed that mice treated with Tβ4 significantly attenuated the systolic pressure and RVH, compared to the MCT treated mice. Our data revealed for the first time that Tβ4 selectively targets Notch3-Col 3A-CTGF gene axis in preventing MCT-induced PH and RVH. Our study may provide pre-clinical evidence for Tβ4 and may consider as vasculo-protective agent for the treatment of PH induced RVH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen Type III/genetics
- Collagen Type III/metabolism
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/genetics
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/chemically induced
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/prevention & control
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Monocrotaline/toxicity
- Receptor, Notch3
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thymosin/administration & dosage
- Thymosin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Wei
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center and Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center and Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Li Li
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center and Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sudhiranjan Gupta
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center and Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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LI BINGBING, YAN JIE, SHEN YAN, LIU YONG, MA ZHENGLIANG. Dichloroacetate prevents but not reverses the formation of neointimal lesions in a rat model of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2144-52. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Kojonazarov B, Luitel H, Sydykov A, Dahal BK, Paul-Clark MJ, Bonvini S, Reed A, Schermuly RT, Mitchell JA. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ agonist GW0742 has direct protective effects on right heart hypertrophy. Pulm Circ 2014; 3:926-35. [PMID: 25006409 DOI: 10.1086/674755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a debilitating disease with no cure. We have previously shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ agonists protect the right heart in hypoxia-driven pulmonary hypertension without affecting vascular remodeling. PPARβ/δ is an important receptor in lipid metabolism, athletic performance, and the sensing of prostacyclin. Treatment of right heart hypertrophy and failure in pulmonary hypertension is an emerging target for future therapy. Here we have investigated the potential of GW0742, a PPARβ agonist, to act directly on the right heart in vivo and what transcriptomic signatures are associated with its actions. Right heart hypertrophy and failure was induced in mice using a pulmonary artery banding (PAB) model. GW0742 was administered throughout the study. Cardiovascular parameters were measured using echocardiography and pressure monitoring. Fibrosis and cellular changes were measured using immunohistochemistry. Transcriptomics were measured using the Illumina MouseRef-8v3 BeadChip array and analyzed using GeneSpring GX (ver. 11.0). PAB resulted in right heart hypertrophy and failure and in increased fibrosis. GW0742 reduced or prevented the effects of PAB on all parameters measured. GW0742 altered a number of genes in the transcriptome, with Angptl4 emerging as the top gene altered (increased) in animals with PAB. In conclusion, the PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 has direct protective effects on the right heart in vivo. These observations identify PPARβ/δ as a viable therapeutic target to treat pulmonary hypertension that may complement current and future vasodilator drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himal Luitel
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bhola K Dahal
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mark J Paul-Clark
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Bonvini
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Reed
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jane A Mitchell
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Zimnicka AM, Tang H, Guo Q, Kuhr FK, Oh MJ, Wan J, Chen J, Smith KA, Fraidenburg DR, Choudhury MSR, Levitan I, Machado RF, Kaplan JH, Yuan JXJ. Upregulated copper transporters in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90544. [PMID: 24614111 PMCID: PMC3948681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling and increased arterial wall stiffness are two major causes for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure in patients and animals with pulmonary hypertension. Cellular copper (Cu) plays an important role in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling; increased Cu in vascular smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated to be associated with atherosclerosis and hypertension in animal experiments. In this study, we show that the Cu-uptake transporter 1, CTR1, and the Cu-efflux pump, ATP7A, were both upregulated in the lung tissues and pulmonary arteries of mice with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxia also significantly increased expression and activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX), a Cu-dependent enzyme that causes crosslinks of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix. In vitro experiments show that exposure to hypoxia or treatment with cobalt (CoCl2) also increased protein expression of CTR1, ATP7A, and LOX in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC). In PASMC exposed to hypoxia or treated with CoCl2, we also confirmed that the Cu transport is increased using 64Cu uptake assays. Furthermore, hypoxia increased both cell migration and proliferation in a Cu-dependent manner. Downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) with siRNA significantly attenuated hypoxia-mediated upregulation of CTR1 mRNA. In summary, the data from this study indicate that increased Cu transportation due to upregulated CTR1 and ATP7A in pulmonary arteries and PASMC contributes to the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. The increased Cu uptake and elevated ATP7A also facilitate the increase in LOX activity and thus the increase in crosslink of extracellular matrix, and eventually leading to the increase in pulmonary arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M. Zimnicka
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Frank K. Kuhr
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Myung-Jin Oh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dustin R. Fraidenburg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Moumita S. R. Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Irena Levitan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jack H. Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wei C, Henderson H, Spradley C, Li L, Kim IK, Kumar S, Hong N, Arroliga AC, Gupta S. Circulating miRNAs as potential marker for pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64396. [PMID: 23717609 PMCID: PMC3662705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MircoRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that govern the gene expression and, play significant role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. The detection of miRNAs in circulation of pulmonary hypertensive (PH) human subjects remains elusive. In the current study, we determined the pattern of miRNAs of mild-to-severe human PH subjects and, compared them with the control subjects by miRNA array. Blood was obtained using fluoroscopic and waveform guided catheterization from the distal (pulmonary artery) port of the catheter. A total 40 human subjects were included in the study and, the degree of PH was determined by mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Among several miRNAs in the array, we validated 14 miRNAs and, the data were consistent with the array profile. We identified several novel downregulated miRNAs (miR-451, miR-1246) and upregulated miRNAs (miR-23b, miR-130a and miR-191) in the circulation of PH subjects. Our study showed novel set of miRNAs which are dysregulated in PH and, are directly proportional to the degree of PH. These miRNAs may be considered as potential biomarker for early detection of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Wei
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Heather Henderson
- Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Li Li
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nayeon Hong
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Sudhiranjan Gupta
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Augusto Lopes
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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