1
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Ejikeme C, Safdar Z. Exploring the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1402639. [PMID: 39050536 PMCID: PMC11267418 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex cardiopulmonary disorder impacting the lung vasculature, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance that leads to right ventricular dysfunction. Pulmonary hypertension comprises of 5 groups (PH group 1 to 5) where group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), results from alterations that directly affect the pulmonary arteries. Although PAH has a complex pathophysiology that is not completely understood, it is known to be a multifactorial disease that results from a combination of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors, leading to a varied range of symptoms in PAH patients. PAH does not have a cure, its incidence and prevalence continue to increase every year, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality rates. In this review, we discuss the different pathologic mechanisms with a focus on epigenetic modifications and their roles in the development and progression of PAH. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA dysregulation. Understanding these epigenetic modifications will improve our understanding of PAH and unveil novel therapeutic targets, thus steering research toward innovative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeenat Safdar
- Department of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, Houston Methodist Lung Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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2
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Comarița IK, Tanko G, Anghelache IL, Georgescu A. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of AP-1 restores the function of the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle by reducing perivascular and interstitial fibrosis and key molecular players in cardiopulmonary disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:137. [PMID: 38317144 PMCID: PMC10845748 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex multifactorial vascular pathology characterized by an increased pulmonary arterial pressure, vasoconstriction, remodelling of the pulmonary vasculature, thrombosis in situ and inflammation associated with right-side heart failure. Herein, we explored the potential beneficial effects of treatment with siRNA AP-1 on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), right ventricular dysfunction along with perivascular and interstitial fibrosis in pulmonary artery-PA, right ventricle-RV and lung in an experimental animal model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. METHODS Golden Syrian hamsters were divided into: (1) C group-healthy animals taken as control; (2) MCT group obtained by a single subcutaneous injection of 60 mg/kg MCT at the beginning of the experiment; (3) MCT-siRNA AP-1 group received a one-time subcutaneous dose of MCT and subcutaneous injections containing 100 nM siRNA AP-1, every two weeks. All animal groups received water and standard chow ad libitum for 12 weeks. RESULTS In comparison with the MCT group, siRNA AP-1 treatment had significant beneficial effects on investigated tissues contributing to: (1) a reduction in TGF-β1/ET-1/IL-1β/TNF-α plasma concentrations; (2) a reduced level of cytosolic ROS production in PA, RV and lung and notable improvements regarding the ultrastructure of these tissues; a decrease of inflammatory and fibrotic marker expressions in PA (COL1A/Fibronectin/Vimentin/α-SMA/CTGF/Calponin/MMP-9), RV and lung (COL1A/CTGF/Fibronectin/α-SMA/F-actin/OB-cadherin) and an increase of endothelial marker expressions (CD31/VE-cadherin) in PA; (4) structural and functional recoveries of the PA [reduced Vel, restored vascular reactivity (NA contraction, ACh relaxation)] and RV (enlarged internal cavity diameter in diastole, increased TAPSE and PRVOFs) associated with a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate; (5) a reduced protein expression profile of AP-1S3/ pFAK/FAK/pERK/ERK and a significant decrease in the expression levels of miRNA-145, miRNA-210, miRNA-21, and miRNA-214 along with an increase of miRNA-124 and miRNA-204. CONCLUSIONS The siRNA AP-1-based therapy led to an improvement of pulmonary arterial and right ventricular function accompanied by a regression of perivascular and interstitial fibrosis in PA, RV and lung and a down-regulation of key inflammatory and fibrotic markers in MCT-treated hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Karla Comarița
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Tanko
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Adriana Georgescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
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3
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MicroRNA Targets for Asthma Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:89-105. [PMID: 33788189 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory obstructive lung disease that is stratified into endotypes. Th2 high asthma is due to an imbalance of Th1/Th2 signaling leading to abnormally high levels of Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and in some cases a reduction in type I interferons. Some asthmatics express Th2 low, Th1/Th17 high phenotypes with or without eosinophilia. Most asthmatics with Th2 high phenotype respond to beta-adrenergic agonists, muscarinic antagonists, and inhaled corticosteroids. However, 5-10% of asthmatics are not well controlled by these therapies despite significant advances in lung immunology and the pathogenesis of severe asthma. This problem is being addressed by developing novel classes of anti-inflammatory agents. Numerous studies have established efficacy of targeting pro-inflammatory microRNAs in mouse models of mild/moderate and severe asthma. Current approaches employ microRNA mimics and antagonists designed for use in vivo. Chemically modified oligonucleotides have enhanced stability in blood, increased cell permeability, and optimized target specificity. Delivery to lung tissue limits clinical applications, but it is a tractable problem. Future studies need to define the most effective microRNA targets and effective delivery systems. Successful oligonucleotide drug candidates must have adequate lung cell uptake, high target specificity, and efficacy with tolerable off-target effects.
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4
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Feng Y, Shu J, Yao L, Lan Y, Ye L, Mei W, Ding Y. Recognizing and stabilizing miR-21 by chiral ruthenium(II) complexes. BMC Chem 2020; 14:26. [PMID: 32266333 PMCID: PMC7119291 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-21, a non-coding miRNA with 22 nucleotides, plays an important part in the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. The present study demonstrates that isomers of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes with alkynes (Λ-1 and Δ-1) were synthesized by Songogashira coupling reaction by using microwave-assisted synthetic technology. The isomers can recognize and stabilize miR-21, with the Λ-isomer showing a stronger binding capacity than the Δ-isomer. Further studies showed that both isomers can be uptaken by MDA-MB-231 cells and enriched in the nucleus. Treatment with the Λ-/Δ-isomer downregulated the expression of miR-21. In a word, the development of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes act as potential inhibitors against tumor cells by recognizing, stabilizing, and regulating the expression of miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510062 China
| | - Jing Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Center for Molecular Probe & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Liangzhong Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510062 China
| | - Yutao Lan
- Guangdong Province Engineering Center for Molecular Probe & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Lianbao Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Center for Molecular Probe & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Center for Molecular Probe & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, 510006 China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Ying Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510062 China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Center for Molecular Probe & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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5
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Postpartum profiling of microRNAs involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases in women exposed to pregnancy-related complications. Int J Cardiol 2019; 291:158-167. [PMID: 31151766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) may predispose to later onset of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. We examined if pregnancy complications induce postpartum alterations in gene expression of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease associated microRNAs. 29 microRNAs were tested in peripheral blood of women, compared between groups with a history of GH, PE, FGR and controls, and correlated with the severity of the disease regarding clinical signs, delivery date, and Doppler parameters. RESULTS GH was associated with the up-regulation of miR-20a-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-499a-5p. The up-regulation of miR-17-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-126-3p was a mutual phenomenon of GH and severe PE. GH and early PE were associated with up-regulation of miR-1-3p and miR-17-5p. GH and late PE showed up-regulation of miR-17-5p, miR-20b-5p, and miR-29a-3p. Severe PE induced up-regulation of miR-133a-3p and down-regulation of miR-130b-3p. MiR-133a-3p up-regulation was also observed in early PE. PE and/or FGR with abnormal Doppler parameters demonstrated up-regulation of miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-133a-3p, and miR-145-5p. The combination screening was superior over using individual microRNAs for patients with GH, PE regardless of the severity of the disease, severe PE and early PE. A cardiovascular risk at patients with late PE, PE and/or FGR with abnormal Doppler parameters was identified more accurately using the single microRNA only. CONCLUSION Epigenetic changes characteristic for cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases are present in women with a prior exposure to pregnancy complications. Screening of microRNAs may be used to identify patients at a higher risk of later development of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases.
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Liao G, Wang R, Rezey AC, Gerlach BD, Tang DD. MicroRNA miR-509 Regulates ERK1/2, the Vimentin Network, and Focal Adhesions by Targeting Plk1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12635. [PMID: 30135525 PMCID: PMC6105636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been implicated in mitosis, cytokinesis, and proliferation. The mechanisms that regulate Plk1 expression remain to be elucidated. It is reported that miR-100 targets Plk1 in certain cancer cells. Here, treatment with miR-100 did not affect Plk1 protein expression in human airway smooth muscle cells. In contrast, treatment with miR-509 inhibited the expression of Plk1 in airway smooth muscle cells. Exposure to miR-509 inhibitor enhanced Plk1 expression in cells. Introduction of miR-509 reduced luciferase activity of a Plk1 3'UTR reporter. Mutation of miR-509 targeting sequence in Plk1 3'UTR resisted the reduction of the luciferase activity. Furthermore, miR-509 inhibited the PDGF-induced phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, and cell proliferation without affecting the expression of c-Abl, a tyrosine kinase implicated in cell proliferation. Moreover, we unexpectedly found that vimentin filaments contacted paxillin-positive focal adhesions. miR-509 exposure inhibited vimentin phosphorylation at Ser-56, vimentin network reorganization, focal adhesion formation, and cell migration. The effects of miR-509 on ERK1/2 and vimentin were diminished in RNAi-resistant Plk1 expressing cells treated with miR-509. Taken together, these findings unveil previously unknown mechanisms that miR-509 regulates ERK1/2 and proliferation by targeting Plk1. miR-509 controls vimentin cytoskeleton reorganization, focal adhesion assembly, and cell migration through Plk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoning Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ruping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Alyssa C Rezey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Brennan D Gerlach
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Dale D Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
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7
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Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in human endothelial cells exposed to fisetin. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-1308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Kang BY, Park K, Kleinhenz JM, Murphy TC, Sutliff RL, Archer D, Hart CM. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Regulates the V-Ets Avian Erythroblastosis Virus E26 Oncogene Homolog 1/microRNA-27a Axis to Reduce Endothelin-1 and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Sickle Cell Mouse Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:131-144. [PMID: 27612006 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0166oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a serious complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), causes significant morbidity and mortality. Although a recent study determined that hemin release during hemolysis triggers endothelial dysfunction in SCD, the pathogenesis of SCD-PH remains incompletely defined. This study examines peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) regulation in SCD-PH and endothelial dysfunction. PH and right ventricular hypertrophy were studied in Townes humanized sickle cell (SS) and littermate control (AA) mice. In parallel studies, SS or AA mice were gavaged with the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (RSG), 10 mg/kg/day, or vehicle for 10 days. In vitro, human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were treated with vehicle or hemin for 72 hours, and selected HPAECs were treated with RSG. SS mice developed PH and right ventricular hypertrophy associated with reduced lung levels of PPARγ and increased levels of microRNA-27a (miR-27a), v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and markers of endothelial dysfunction (platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 and E selectin). HPAECs treated with hemin had increased ETS1, miR-27a, ET-1, and endothelial dysfunction and decreased PPARγ levels. These derangements were attenuated by ETS1 knockdown, inhibition of miR-27a, or PPARγ overexpression. In SS mouse lung or in hemin-treated HPAECs, activation of PPARγ with RSG attenuated reductions in PPARγ and increases in miR-27a, ET-1, and markers of endothelial dysfunction. In SCD-PH pathogenesis, ETS1 stimulates increases in miR-27a levels that reduce PPARγ and increase ET-1 and endothelial dysfunction. PPARγ activation attenuated SCD-associated signaling derangements, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach to attenuate SCD-PH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Yong Kang
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Kathy Park
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Jennifer M Kleinhenz
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Tamara C Murphy
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - David Archer
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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9
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Lee SE, Park HR, Yun HD, Cho JJ, Ahn HJ, Park CS, Park YS. Integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiling in response to eriodictyol in human endothelial cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-1303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Chettimada S, Joshi SR, Dhagia V, Aiezza A, Lincoln TM, Gupte R, Miano JM, Gupte SA. Vascular smooth muscle cell contractile protein expression is increased through protein kinase G-dependent and -independent pathways by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition and deficiency. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H904-H912. [PMID: 27521420 PMCID: PMC5114469 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00335.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic control of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation is critical for contractile activity and regulation of blood flow. Recently, we reported that precontracted blood vessels are relaxed and the phenotype of VSMC is regulated from a synthetic to contractile state by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) inhibition. In the current study, we investigated whether the increase in the expression of VSMC contractile proteins by inhibition and knockdown of G6PD is mediated through a protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent pathway and whether it regulates blood pressure. We found that the expression of VSMC-restricted contractile proteins, myocardin (MYOCD), and miR-1 and miR-143 are increased by G6PD inhibition or knockdown. Importantly, RNA-sequence analysis of aortic tissue from G6PD-deficient mice revealed uniform increases in VSMC-restricted genes, particularly those regulated by the MYOCD-serum response factor (SRF) switch. Conversely, expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is decreased by G6PD inhibition. Interestingly, the G6PD inhibition-induced expression of miR-1 and contractile proteins was blocked by Rp-β-phenyl-1,N2-etheno-8-bromo-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, a PKG inhibitor. On the other hand, MYOCD and miR-143 levels are increased by G6PD inhibition through a PKG-independent manner. Furthermore, blood pressure was lower in the G6PD-deficient compared with wild-type mice. Therefore, our results suggest that the expression of VSMC contractile proteins induced by G6PD inhibition occurs via PKG1α-dependent and -independent pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cattle
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Contractile Proteins/drug effects
- Contractile Proteins/genetics
- Contractile Proteins/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Immunoprecipitation
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/drug effects
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/drug effects
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/drug effects
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rats
- Serum Response Factor/drug effects
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Trans-Activators/drug effects
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrutha Chettimada
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sachindra Raj Joshi
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Vidhi Dhagia
- Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Alessandro Aiezza
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | | | - Rakhee Gupte
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Joseph M Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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11
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Sharma S, Ruffenach G, Umar S, Motayagheni N, Reddy ST, Eghbali M. Role of oxidized lipids in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2016; 6:261-73. [PMID: 27683603 DOI: 10.1086/687293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multifactorial disease characterized by interplay of many cellular, molecular, and genetic events that lead to excessive proliferation of pulmonary cells, including smooth muscle and endothelial cells; inflammation; and extracellular matrix remodeling. Abnormal vascular changes and structural remodeling associated with PAH culminate in vasoconstriction and obstruction of pulmonary arteries, contributing to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular failure. The complex molecular mechanisms involved in the pathobiology of PAH are the limiting factors in the development of potential therapeutic interventions for PAH. Over the years, our group and others have demonstrated the critical implication of lipids in the pathogenesis of PAH. This review specifically focuses on the current understanding of the role of oxidized lipids, lipid metabolism, peroxidation, and oxidative stress in the progression of PAH. This review also discusses the relevance of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides and microRNA-193, which are known to regulate the levels of oxidized lipids, as potential therapeutics in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Sharma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Grégoire Ruffenach
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Soban Umar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Negar Motayagheni
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Joshi SR, Dhagia V, Gairhe S, Edwards JG, McMurtry IF, Gupte SA. MicroRNA-140 is elevated and mitofusin-1 is downregulated in the right ventricle of the Sugen5416/hypoxia/normoxia model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H689-98. [PMID: 27422986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00264.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), is an outcome of complex biochemical processes. In this study, we determined changes in microRNAs (miRs) in the right and left ventricles of normal and PAH rats. Using an unbiased quantitative miR microarray analysis, we found 1) miR-21-5p, miR-31-5 and 3p, miR-140-5 and 3p, miR-208b-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-702-3p, and miR-1298 were upregulated (>2-fold; P < 0.05) in the right ventricle (RV) of PAH compared with normal rats; 2) miR-31-5 and 3p, and miR-208b-3p were upregulated (>2-fold; P < 0.05) in the left ventricle plus septum (LV+S) of PAH compared with normal rats; 3) miR-187-5p, miR-208a-3p, and miR-877 were downregulated (>2-fold; P < 0.05) in the RV of PAH compared with normal rats; and 4) no miRs were up- or downregulated with >2-fold in LV+S compared with RV of PAH and normal. Upregulation of miR-140 and miR-31 in the hypertrophic RV was further confirmed by quantitative PCR. Interestingly, compared with control rats, expression of mitofusin-1 (MFN1), a mitochondrial fusion protein that regulates apoptosis, and which is a direct target of miR-140, was reduced in the RV relative to LV+S of PAH rats. We found a correlation between increased miR-140 and decreased MFN1 expression in the hypertrophic RV. Our results also demonstrated that upregulation of miR-140 and downregulation of MFN1 correlated with increased RV systolic pressure and hypertrophy. These results suggest that miR-140 and MFN1 play a role in the pathogenesis of PAH-associated RV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidhi Dhagia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Salina Gairhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama; and
| | - John G Edwards
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Ivan F McMurtry
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama; and
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;
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13
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Liao G, Panettieri RA, Tang DD. MicroRNA-203 negatively regulates c-Abl, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and proliferation in smooth muscle cells. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/9/e12541. [PMID: 26400984 PMCID: PMC4600385 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl has a role in regulating smooth muscle cell proliferation, which contributes to the development of airway remodeling in chronic asthma. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTR) of target mRNAs. Previous analysis suggests that miR-203 is able to bind to the 3′ UTR of human c-Abl mRNA. In this report, treatment with miR-203 attenuated the expression of c-Abl mRNA and protein in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. Furthermore, transfection with an miR-203 inhibitor enhanced the expression of c-Abl at mRNA and protein levels in HASM cells. Treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced the proliferation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HASM cells. Exposure to miR-203 attenuated the PDGF-stimulated proliferation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HASM cells. The expression of c-Abl at protein and mRNA levels was higher in asthmatic HASM cells, whereas the level of miR-203 was reduced in asthmatic HASM cells as compared to control HASM cells. Taken together, our present results suggest that miR-203 is a negative regulator of c-Abl expression in smooth muscle cells. miR-203 regulates smooth muscle cell proliferation by controlling c-Abl expression, which in turn modulates the activation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoning Liao
- The Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | | | - Dale D Tang
- The Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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14
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Integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA profiles in response to myricetin in human endothelial cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-015-9309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Green DE, Murphy TC, Kang BY, Searles CD, Hart CM. PPARγ Ligands Attenuate Hypoxia-Induced Proliferation in Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells through Modulation of MicroRNA-21. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208095 PMCID: PMC4514882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and often fatal disorder whose pathogenesis involves pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Although modern PH therapies have significantly improved survival, continued progress rests on the discovery of novel therapies and molecular targets. MicroRNA (miR)-21 has emerged as an important non-coding RNA that contributes to PH pathogenesis by enhancing vascular cell proliferation, however little is known about available therapies that modulate its expression. We previously demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists attenuated hypoxia-induced HPASMC proliferation, vascular remodeling and PH through pleiotropic actions on multiple targets, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). PTEN is a validated target of miR-21. We therefore hypothesized that antiproliferative effects conferred by PPARγ activation are mediated through inhibition of hypoxia-induced miR-21 expression. Human PASMC monolayers were exposed to hypoxia then treated with the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (RSG,10 μM), or in parallel, C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to hypoxia then treated with RSG. RSG attenuated hypoxic increases in miR-21 expression in vitro and in vivo and abrogated reductions in PTEN and PASMC proliferation. Antiproliferative effects of RSG were lost following siRNA-mediated PTEN depletion. Furthermore, miR-21 mimic decreased PTEN and stimulated PASMC proliferation, whereas miR-21 inhibition increased PTEN and attenuated hypoxia-induced HPASMC proliferation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PPARγ ligands regulate proliferative responses to hypoxia by preventing hypoxic increases in miR-21 and reductions in PTEN. These findings further clarify molecular mechanisms that support targeting PPARγ to attenuate pathogenic derangements in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Green
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center / Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tamara C Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center / Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Bum-Yong Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center / Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Charles D Searles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center / Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center / Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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16
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Xu D, Gu JT, Yi B, Chen L, Wang GS, Qian GS, Lu KZ. Requirement of miR-9-dependent regulation of Myocd in PASMCs phenotypic modulation and proliferation induced by hepatopulmonary syndrome rat serum. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2453-61. [PMID: 26147104 PMCID: PMC4594686 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by a triad of severe liver disease, intrapulmonary vascular dilation and hypoxaemia. Pulmonary vascular remodelling (PVR) is a key feature of HPS pathology. Our previous studies have established the role of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) phenotypic modulation and proliferation in HPS-associated PVR. Myocardin, a robust transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor, plays a critical role in the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch. However, the mechanism regulating myocardin upstream signalling remains unclear. In this study, treatment of rat PASMCs with serum drawn from common bile duct ligation rats, which model symptoms of HPS, resulted in a significant increase in miR-9 expression correlated with a decrease in expression of myocardin and the phenotypic markers SM-α-actin and smooth muscle-specific myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC). Furthermore, miRNA functional analysis and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-9 effectively regulated myocardin expression by directly binding to its 3′-untranslated region. Both the knockdown of miR-9 and overexpression of myocardin effectively attenuated the HPS rat serum-induced phenotype switch and proliferation of PASMCs. Taken together, the findings of our present study demonstrate that miR-9 is required in HPS rat serum-induced phenotypic modulation and proliferation of PASMCs for targeting of myocardin and that miR-9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-teng Gu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guan-song Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-sheng Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-zhi Lu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Lee SE, Yang H, Son GW, Park HR, Cho JJ, Ahn HJ, Park CS, Park YS. Identification and characterization of MicroRNAs in acrolein-stimulated endothelial cells: Implications for vascular disease. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-015-9303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease without effective treatment. Despite decades of research and the development of novel treatments, PAH remains a fatal disease, suggesting an urgent need for better understanding of the pathogenesis of PAH. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in patients with PAH and in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, normalization of a few miRNAs is reported to inhibit experimental pulmonary hypertension. We have reviewed the current knowledge about miRNA biogenesis, miRNA expression pattern, and their roles in regulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. We have also identified emerging trends in our understanding of the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PAH and propose future studies that might lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofei Zhou
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago; and
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Bienertova-Vasku J, Novak J, Vasku A. MicroRNAs in pulmonary arterial hypertension: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:221-34. [PMID: 25660363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and increasingly prevalent disease, manifested by the maladaptation of pulmonary vasculature, which consequently leads to right heart failure and possibly even death. The development of PAH is characterized by specific functional as well as structural changes, primarily associated with the aberrant function of the pulmonary artery endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and vascular fibroblasts. MicroRNAs constitute a class of small ≈22-nucleotides-long non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and that may lead to significant cell proteome changes. While the involvement of miRNAs in the development of various diseases--especially cancer--has been reported, numerous miRNAs have also been associated with PAH onset, progression, or treatment responsiveness. This review focuses on the role of microRNAs in the development of PAH as well as on their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic tools in both experimental PAH models and in humans. Special attention is given to the roles of miR-21, miR-27a, the miR-17-92 cluster, miR-124, miR-138, the miR-143/145 cluster, miR-150, miR-190, miR-204, miR-206, miR-210, miR-328, and the miR-424/503 cluster, specifically with the objective of providing greater insight into the pervasive roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of this deadly condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bienertova-Vasku
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Vasku
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Pulmonary vascular changes in asthma and COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:144-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Comer BS, Ba M, Singer CA, Gerthoffer WT. Epigenetic targets for novel therapies of lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 147:91-110. [PMID: 25448041 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In spite of substantial advances in defining the immunobiology and function of structural cells in lung diseases there is still insufficient knowledge to develop fundamentally new classes of drugs to treat many lung diseases. For example, there is a compelling need for new therapeutic approaches to address severe persistent asthma that is insensitive to inhaled corticosteroids. Although the prevalence of steroid-resistant asthma is 5-10%, severe asthmatics require a disproportionate level of health care spending and constitute a majority of fatal asthma episodes. None of the established drug therapies including long-acting beta agonists or inhaled corticosteroids reverse established airway remodeling. Obstructive airways remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), restrictive remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and occlusive vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension are similarly unresponsive to current drug therapy. Therefore, drugs are needed to achieve long-acting suppression and reversal of pathological airway and vascular remodeling. Novel drug classes are emerging from advances in epigenetics. Novel mechanisms are emerging by which cells adapt to environmental cues, which include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of transcription and translation by noncoding RNAs. In this review we will summarize current epigenetic approaches being applied to preclinical drug development addressing important therapeutic challenges in lung diseases. These challenges are being addressed by advances in lung delivery of oligonucleotides and small molecules that modify the histone code, DNA methylation patterns and miRNA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Comer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Mariam Ba
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Cherie A Singer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - William T Gerthoffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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22
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Potus F, Graydon C, Provencher S, Bonnet S. Vascular remodeling process in pulmonary arterial hypertension, with focus on miR-204 and miR-126 (2013 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ 2014; 4:175-84. [PMID: 25006436 DOI: 10.1086/675980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease characterized primarily by increased proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in distal pulmonary arteries. Previous literature has demonstrated that the transcription factors NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) and HIF-1α (hypoxia inducible factor 1α) are extensively involved in the pathogenesis of this disease and, more recently, has implicated STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) in their activation. Novel research shows that miR-204, a microRNA recently found to be notably downregulated through induction of PARP-1 (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1) by excessive DNA damage in PAH, inhibits activation of STAT3. Contemporary research also indicates systemic impairment of skeletal muscle microcirculation in PAH and attributes this to a debilitated vascular endothelial growth factor pathway resulting from reduced miR-126 expression in endothelial cells. In this review, we focus on recent research implicating miR-204 and miR-126 in vascular remodeling processes, data that allow a better understanding of PAH molecular pathways and constitute a new hope for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Potus
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Colin Graydon
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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23
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Sharma S, Umar S, Potus F, Iorga A, Wong G, Meriwether D, Breuils-Bonnet S, Mai D, Navab K, Ross D, Navab M, Provencher S, Fogelman AM, Bonnet S, Reddy ST, Eghbali M. Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4F rescues pulmonary hypertension by inducing microRNA-193-3p. Circulation 2014; 130:776-85. [PMID: 24963038 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.007405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a chronic lung disease associated with severe pulmonary vascular changes. A pathogenic role of oxidized lipids such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids is well established in vascular disease. Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides, including 4F, have been reported to reduce levels of these oxidized lipids and improve vascular disease. However, the role of oxidized lipids in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension and the therapeutic action of 4F in pulmonary arterial hypertension are not well established. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 2 different rodent models of pulmonary hypertension (PH): a monocrotaline rat model and a hypoxia mouse model. Plasma levels of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids were significantly elevated in PH. 4F treatment reduced these levels and rescued preexisting PH in both models. MicroRNA analysis revealed that microRNA-193-3p (miR193) was significantly downregulated in the lung tissue and serum from both patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and rodents with PH. In vivo miR193 overexpression in the lungs rescued preexisting PH and resulted in downregulation of lipoxygenases and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. 4F restored PH-induced miR193 expression via transcription factor retinoid X receptor α. CONCLUSIONS These studies establish the importance of microRNAs as downstream effectors of an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide in the rescue of PH and suggest that treatment with apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides or miR193 may have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Sharma
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Soban Umar
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Francois Potus
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Andrea Iorga
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Gabriel Wong
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - David Meriwether
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Denise Mai
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Kaveh Navab
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - David Ross
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Mohamad Navab
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Steeve Provencher
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.).
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24
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Saco TV, Parthasarathy PT, Cho Y, Lockey RF, Kolliputi N. Role of epigenetics in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C1101-5. [PMID: 24717578 PMCID: PMC4060002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00314.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A significant amount of research has been conducted to examine the pathologic processes and epigenetic mechanisms contributing to peripheral hypertension. However, few studies have been carried out to understand the vascular remodeling behind pulmonary hypertension (PH), including peripheral artery muscularization, medial hypertrophy and neointima formation in proximal arteries, and plexiform lesion formation. Similarly, research examining some of the epigenetic principles that may contribute to this vascular remodeling, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, is minimal. The understanding of these principles may be the key to developing new and more effective treatments for PH. The purpose of this review is to summarize epigenetic research conducted in the field of hypertension that could possibly be used to understand the epigenetics of PH. Possible future therapies that could be pursued using information from these studies include selective histone deacetylase inhibitors and targeted DNA methyltransferases. Both of these could potentially be used to silence proproliferative or antiapoptotic genes that lead to decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation. Epigenetics may provide a glimmer of hope for the eventual improved treatment of this highly morbid and debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara V Saco
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Prasanna Tamarapu Parthasarathy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Young Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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25
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Seidelmann SB, Lighthouse JK, Greif DM. Development and pathologies of the arterial wall. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1977-99. [PMID: 24071897 PMCID: PMC11113178 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Arteries consist of an inner single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by layers of smooth muscle and an outer adventitia. The majority of vascular developmental studies focus on the construction of endothelial networks through the process of angiogenesis. Although many devastating vascular diseases involve abnormalities in components of the smooth muscle and adventitia (i.e., the vascular wall), the morphogenesis of these layers has received relatively less attention. Here, we briefly review key elements underlying endothelial layer formation and then focus on vascular wall development, specifically on smooth muscle cell origins and differentiation, patterning of the vascular wall, and the role of extracellular matrix and adventitial progenitor cells. Finally, we discuss select human diseases characterized by marked vascular wall abnormalities. We propose that continuing to apply approaches from developmental biology to the study of vascular disease will stimulate important advancements in elucidating disease mechanism and devising novel therapeutic strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenic Proteins/genetics
- Angiogenic Proteins/metabolism
- Animals
- Arteries/growth & development
- Arteries/metabolism
- Arteries/pathology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/growth & development
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- Morphogenesis/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/growth & development
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Seidelmann
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Rm 773J, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Janet K. Lighthouse
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Rm 773J, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Daniel M. Greif
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Rm 773J, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
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26
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Kang BY, Park KK, Green DE, Bijli KM, Searles CD, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Hypoxia mediates mutual repression between microRNA-27a and PPARγ in the pulmonary vasculature. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79503. [PMID: 24244514 PMCID: PMC3828382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disorder that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of PH involves complex derangements in multiple pathways including reductions in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Hypoxia, a common PH stimulus, reduces PPARγ in experimental models. In contrast, activating PPARγ attenuates hypoxia-induced PH and endothelin 1 (ET-1) expression. To further explore mechanisms of hypoxia-induced PH and reductions in PPARγ, we examined the effects of hypoxia on selected microRNA (miRNA or miR) levels that might reduce PPARγ expression leading to increased ET-1 expression and PH. Our results demonstrate that exposure to hypoxia (10% O2) for 3-weeks increased levels of miR-27a and ET-1 in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice and reduced PPARγ levels. Hypoxia-induced increases in miR-27a were attenuated in mice treated with the PPARγ ligand, rosiglitazone (RSG, 10 mg/kg/d) by gavage for the final 10 d of exposure. In parallel studies, human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were exposed to control (21% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions for 72 h. Hypoxia increased HPAEC proliferation, miR-27a and ET-1 expression, and reduced PPARγ expression. These alterations were attenuated by treatment with RSG (10 µM) during the last 24 h of hypoxia exposure. Overexpression of miR-27a or PPARγ knockdown increased HPAEC proliferation and ET-1 expression and decreased PPARγ levels, whereas these effects were reversed by miR-27a inhibition. Further, compared to lungs from littermate control mice, miR-27a levels were upregulated in lungs from endothelial-targeted PPARγ knockout (ePPARγ KO) mice. Knockdown of either SP1 or EGR1 was sufficient to significantly attenuate miR-27a expression in HPAECs. Collectively, these studies provide novel evidence that miR-27a and PPARγ mediate mutually repressive actions in hypoxic pulmonary vasculature and that targeting PPARγ may represent a novel therapeutic approach in PH to attenuate proliferative mediators that stimulate proliferation of pulmonary vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Yong Kang
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathy K. Park
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David E. Green
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kaiser M. Bijli
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Searles
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Roy L. Sutliff
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - C. Michael Hart
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Epigenetics: novel mechanism of pulmonary hypertension. Lung 2013; 191:601-10. [PMID: 24052023 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-013-9505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetics refers to changes in phenotype and gene expression that occur without alterations in DNA sequence. MicroRNAs are relatively recently discovered negative regulators of gene expression and act at the posttranscriptional level. METHODS This review summarizes epigenetic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension, focusing on microRNAs related to pulmonary hypertension. RESULTS There are three major mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, including methylation of CpG islands, modification of histone proteins, and microRNAs. There may be an epigenetic component to pulmonary hypertension. These epigenetic abnormalities can be reversed therapeutically. CONCLUSIONS By better integrating network biology with evolving technologies in cell culture and in vivo experimentation, we will better understand epigenetic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension and identify more diagnostic and therapeutic targets in pulmonary hypertension.
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28
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Tanaka S, Ishikawa M, Arai M, Genda Y, Sakamoto A. Changes in microRNA expression in rat lungs caused by sevoflurane anesthesia: a TaqMan® low-density array study. Biomed Res 2013; 33:255-63. [PMID: 23124245 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.33.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reportedly, a large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Sevoflurane is routinely used to various patients, and its safety has been confirmed by clinical outcomes; however, its effects to lungs at the miRNA level have not been elucidated. In our previous genomic studies, we showed that sevoflurane anesthesia affected the expression of many genes and mRNAs in rat lungs. In this study, we comprehensively investigated changes in miRNA expression caused by sevoflurane anesthesia (2.0% and 4.0%). Sevoflurane anesthesia resulted in apparent changes in miRNA expression in rat lungs, and the pattern of 2.0% sevoflurane-induced changes in miRNA expression was similar to that of 4.0% sevoflurane. Some of the differentially expressed miRNAs are known to be involved in asthma, IPF, and PAH. Especially, miR-146a, the most up-regulated miRNA, is known to attenuate the toxic effects associated with LPS stimulation. We showed, for the first time, dynamic changes in miRNA expression caused by sevoflurane anesthesia, and moreover, our results were important to understand the influence of sevoflurane anesthesia on any patients suffered from various lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
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29
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Clifford RL, Singer CA, John AE. Epigenetics and miRNA emerge as key regulators of smooth muscle cell phenotype and function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:75-85. [PMID: 22800879 PMCID: PMC4076625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of phenotypic plasticity in smooth muscle requires an understanding of the mechanisms regulating phenotype-specific genes and the processes dysregulated during pathogenesis. Decades of study in airway smooth muscle has provided extensive knowledge of the gene expression patterns and signaling pathways necessary to maintain and alter smooth muscle cell phenotype. With this solid foundation, the importance and complexity of inheritable epigenetic modifications and mechanisms silencing gene expression have now emerged as fundamental components regulating aspects of inflammation, proliferation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Clifford
- University of Nottingham Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England, UK
| | - Cherie A. Singer
- University of Nevada School of Medicine Center for Molecular Medicine 573 Department of Pharmacology, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Alison E. John
- Corresponding Author University of Nottingham Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England, UK Tel:+44 115 8231106 Fax: +44 115 8231946
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30
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Jalali S, Ramanathan GK, Parthasarathy PT, Aljubran S, Galam L, Yunus A, Garcia S, Cox RR, Lockey RF, Kolliputi N. Mir-206 regulates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46808. [PMID: 23071643 PMCID: PMC3468623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a progressive devastating disease characterized by excessive proliferation of the Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells (PASMCs). Studies suggest that PAH and cancers share an apoptosis-resistant state featuring excessive cell proliferation. MicroRNA-206 (miR-206) is known to regulate proliferation and is implicated in various types of cancers. However, the role of miR-206 in PAH has not been studied. In this study, it is hypothesized that miR-206 could play a role in the proliferation of PASMCs. In the present study, the expression patterns of miR-206 were investigated in normal and hypertensive mouse PASMCs. The effects of miR-206 in modulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and smooth muscle cell markers in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) were investigated in vitro. miR-206 expression in mouse PASMCs was correlated with an increase in right ventricular systolic pressure. Reduction of miR-206 levels in hPASMCs causes increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis and these effects were reversed by the overexpression of miR-206. miR-206 over expression also increased the levels of smooth muscle cell differentiation markers α-smooth muscle actin and calponin implicating its importance in the differentiation of SMCs. miR-206 overexpression down regulated Notch-3 expression, which is key a factor in PAH development. These results suggest that miR-206 is a potential regulator of proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of PASMCs, and that it could be used as a novel treatment strategy in PAH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation
- Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypoxia
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Receptor, Notch3
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jalali
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gurukumar K. Ramanathan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Prasanna Tamarapu Parthasarathy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Salman Aljubran
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Galam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Asfiya Yunus
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sara Garcia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ruan R. Cox
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard F. Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States of America
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Abstract
The pulmonary vasculature comprises a complex network of branching arteries and veins all functioning to reoxygenate the blood for circulation around the body. The cell types of the pulmonary artery are able to respond to changes in oxygen tension in order to match ventilation to perfusion. Stem and progenitor cells in the pulmonary vasculature are also involved, be it in angiogenesis, endothelial dysfunction or formation of vascular lesions. Stem and progenitor cells may be circulating around the body, residing in the pulmonary artery wall or stimulated for release from a central niche like the bone marrow and home to the pulmonary vasculature along a chemotactic gradient. There may currently be some controversy over the pathogenic versus therapeutic roles of stem and progenitor cells and, indeed, it is likely both chains of evidence are correct due to the specific influence of the immediate environmental niche a progenitor cell may be in. Due to their great plasticity and a lack of specific markers for stem and progenitor cells, they can be difficult to precisely identify. This review discusses the methodological approaches used to validate the presence of and subtype of progenitors cells in the pulmonary vasculature while putting it in context of the current knowledge of the therapeutic and pathogenic roles for such progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Firth
- The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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32
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Bockmeyer CL, Maegel L, Janciauskiene S, Rische J, Lehmann U, Maus UA, Nickel N, Haverich A, Hoeper MM, Golpon HA, Kreipe H, Laenger F, Jonigk D. Plexiform vasculopathy of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and microRNA expression. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012; 31:764-72. [PMID: 22534459 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the control of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Specific miRNAs in plexiform vasculopathy of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in humans have not yet been investigated. METHODS We analyzed expression of miR-143/145 (vascular smooth muscle-specific), miR-126 (endothelial-specific) and related mRNAs in plexiform (PLs) and concentric lesions (CLs), which had been laser-microdissected from specimens of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, explanted lungs of PAH patients (n = 12) and unaffected controls (n = 8). Samples were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Expression levels of miR-143/145 and its target proteins (e.g., myocardin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain) were found to be significantly higher in CLs than in PLs, whereas miR-126 and VEGF-A were significantly up-regulated in PLs when compared with CLs, indicating a more prominent angiogenic phenotype of PL. This correlates with a down-regulation of miR-204 as well as an up-regulation of miR-21 in PLs, which in turn corresponds to enhanced cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that morphologic changes of plexiform vasculopathy in the end-stage PAH lung are reflected by alterations at the miRNA level.
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33
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Joshi SR, Comer BS, McLendon JM, Gerthoffer WT. MicroRNA Regulation of Smooth Muscle Phenotype. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 4:1-16. [PMID: 25309675 PMCID: PMC4190587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in studies of microRNA (miRNA) expression and function in smooth muscles illustrate important effects of small noncoding RNAs on cell proliferation, hypertrophy and differentiation. An emerging theme in miRNA research in a variety of cell types including smooth muscles is that miRNAs regulate protein expression networks to fine tune phenotype. Some widely expressed miRNAs have been described in smooth muscles that regulate important processes in many cell types, such as miR-21 control of proliferation and cell survival. Other miRNAs that are prominent regulators of smooth muscle-restricted gene expression also have targets that control pluripotent cell differentiation. The miR-143~145 cluster which targets myocardin and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is arguably the best-described miRNA family in smooth muscles with profound effects on gene expression networks that promote serum response factor (SRF)-dependent contractile and cytoskeletal protein expression and the mature contractile phenotype. Kruppel-family members KLF4 and KLF5 have multiple effects on cell differentiation and are targets for multiple miRNAs in smooth muscles (miR-145, miR-146a, miR-25). The feedback and feedforward loops being defined appear to contribute significantly to vascular and airway remodeling in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. RNA interference approaches applied to animal models of vascular and respiratory diseases prove that miRNAs and RNA-induced silencing are valid targets for novel anti-remodeling therapies that alter pathological smooth muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra R Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Brian S Comer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jared M McLendon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - William T Gerthoffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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