1
|
Van Hul M, Neyrinck AM, Everard A, Abot A, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM, Knauf C, Cani PD. Role of the intestinal microbiota in contributing to weight disorders and associated comorbidities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0004523. [PMID: 38940505 PMCID: PMC11391702 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe gut microbiota is a major factor contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis and has been linked to both excessive body weight and accumulation of fat mass (i.e., overweight, obesity) or body weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and fat depletion (i.e., cachexia). These syndromes are characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions including abnormal regulation of food reward and intake, energy storage, and low-grade inflammation. Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, cachexia, and associated metabolic disorders, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Among the different mechanisms explaining how the gut microbiota is capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between nutrition, gut microbes, and their metabolites. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes and different microbiota-derived metabolites regulate host metabolism. We describe the role of the gut barrier function in the onset of inflammation in this context. We explore the importance of the gut-to-brain axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism but also the key role played by the liver. Finally, we present specific key examples of how using targeted approaches such as prebiotics and probiotics might affect specific metabolites, their signaling pathways, and their interactions with the host and reflect on the challenges to move from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | - Laure B Bindels
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huangfu W, Cao S, Li S, Zhang S, Liu M, Liu B, Zhu X, Cui Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Shi Y. In vitro and in vivo fermentation models to study the function of dietary fiber in pig nutrition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:314. [PMID: 38683435 PMCID: PMC11058960 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The importance of dietary fiber (DF) in animal diets is increasing with the advancement of nutritional research. DF is fermented by gut microbiota to produce metabolites, which are important in improving intestinal health. This review is a systematic review of DF in pig nutrition using in vitro and in vivo models. The fermentation characteristics of DF and the metabolic mechanisms of its metabolites were summarized in an in vitro model, and it was pointed out that SCFAs and gases are the important metabolites connecting DF, gut microbiota, and intestinal health, and they play a key role in intestinal health. At the same time, some information about host-microbe interactions could have been improved through traditional animal in vivo models, and the most direct feedback on nutrients was generated, confirming the beneficial effects of DF on sow reproductive performance, piglet intestinal health, and growing pork quality. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of different fermentation models were compared. In future studies, it is necessary to flexibly combine in vivo and in vitro fermentation models to profoundly investigate the mechanism of DF on the organism in order to promote the development of precision nutrition tools and to provide a scientific basis for the in-depth and rational utilization of DF in animal husbandry. KEY POINTS: • The fermentation characteristics of dietary fiber in vitro models were reviewed. • Metabolic pathways of metabolites and their roles in the intestine were reviewed. • The role of dietary fiber in pigs at different stages was reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Huangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baharara H, Ghasemi H, Samadi S, Roohshad B, Jomehzadeh V, Ravankhah Moghaddam K, Mohammadpour AH, Arasteh O. The effect of preconditioning agents on cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide poisoning in animal studies: a systematic review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:256-270. [PMID: 35616381 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common intoxication and many people die yearly due to CO poisoning and preconditioning agents attenuate brain and cardiac injury caused by intoxication. It is critical to fully understand the efficacy of new methods to directly target the toxic effect of CO, such as conditioning agents, which are currently under development. This study aims to systematically investigate current evidence from animal experiments and the effects of administration preconditions in acute and late phases after CO poisoning on cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched without language restrictions, and hand searching was conducted until November 2021. We included studies that compare preconditioning agents with the control group after CO poisoning in animals. The SYRCLE RoB tool was used for risk of bias assessments. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies were included in the study. Erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), hydrogen-rich saline, and N-butylphthalide (NBP) were found to have positive effects on reducing neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. As other preconditions have fewer studies, no valuable results can be deduced. Most of the studies were unclear for sources of bias. DISCUSSION Administration of the examined preconditioning agents including NBP, hydrogen-rich saline, and GCSF in acute and late phases could attenuate neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of CO poisoned animals. For a better understanding of mechanisms and activities, and finding new and effective preconditioning agents, further preclinical and clinical studies should be performed to analyze the effects of preconditioning agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Baharara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Ghasemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Samadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahar Roohshad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Jomehzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Arasteh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu WS, Lin CL. Effect of air pollution on gout development: a nationwide population-based observational study. QJM 2021; 114:471-475. [PMID: 33064815 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of air pollution on gout development. METHODS A total of 170318 participants were enrolled. These pollutants were considered: carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), total hydrocarbons (THC) and methane (CH4). The yearly average concentrations were calculated from 2000 to 2011. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted to estimate hazard ratios for gout in the Q2-Q4 concentrations of air pollutants compared with the Q1 concentration. RESULTS In THC, relative to the Q1 concentration, the risk of gout was higher in participants exposed to the Q2-Q4 concentrations [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.10 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.19 in the Q2 concentration of THC; aHR, 4.20 with 95% CI, 3.93-4.49 in the Q3 concentration of THC; aHR, 5.65 with 95% CI, 5.29-6.04 in the Q4 concentration of THC]. In regard to CH4, when the Q1 concentration was defined as the reference, the risks of gout were increased for participants exposed to the Q2, Q3 and Q4 concentrations (aHR, 1.16 with 95% CI, 1.06-1.26 in the Q2 concentration of CH4; aHR, 2.37 with 95% CI, 2.20-2.55 in the Q3 concentration of CH4; aHR, 8.73 with 95% CI, 8.16-9.34 in the Q4 concentration of CH4). CONCLUSIONS Association between air pollution and risk of gout was noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-S Hu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - C-L Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang B, Tian X, Li G, Zhao H, Wang X, Yin Y, Yu J, Meng C. Methane Inhalation Protects Against Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Regulating Pulmonary Surfactant via the Nrf2 Pathway. Front Physiol 2021; 12:615974. [PMID: 34054564 PMCID: PMC8149795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.615974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) exerted protective effects against lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the mechanism remains unclear, especially the role of pulmonary surfactant. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of CH4 inhalation on pulmonary surfactant in rat lung I/R injury and to elucidate the mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6): the sham, I/R control, and I/R CH4 groups. In the sham group, only thoracotomy was performed on the rats. In the I/R control and I/R CH4 groups, the rats underwent left hilum occlusion for 90 min, followed by reperfusion for 180 min and ventilation with O2 or 2.5% CH4, respectively. Compared with those of the sham group, the levels of large surfactant aggregates (LAs) in pulmonary surfactant, lung compliance, oxygenation decreased, the small surfactant aggregates (SAs), inflammatory response, oxidative stress injury, and cell apoptosis increased in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared to the control treatment, CH4 increased LA (0.42 ± 0.06 vs. 0.31 ± 0.09 mg/kg), oxygenation (201 ± 11 vs. 151 ± 14 mmHg), and lung compliance (16.8 ± 1.0 vs. 11.5 ± 1.3 ml/kg), as well as total antioxidant capacity and Nrf2 protein expression and decreased the inflammatory response and number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CH4 inhalation decreased oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis, and improved lung function through Nrf2-mediated pulmonary surfactant regulation in rat lung I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangqi Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanwei Yin
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junmin Yu
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gibson PR, Halmos EP, Muir JG. Review article: FODMAPS, prebiotics and gut health-the FODMAP hypothesis revisited. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:233-246. [PMID: 32562590 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restriction of dietary FODMAP intake can alleviate symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Because many FODMAPs have prebiotic actions, there is concern that their dietary restriction leads to dysbiosis with health consequences, and their intake is being encouraged by addition to foods and via supplements. AIMS To examine the hazards and benefits of high and low FODMAP intake. METHODS Current literature was reviewed and alternative hypotheses formulated. RESULTS Low FODMAP intake reduces abundance of faecal Bifidobacteria without known adverse outcomes and has no effect on diversity, but the reduction in bacterial density may potentially be beneficial to gut health. Supplementary prebiotics can markedly elevate the intake of FODMAPs over levels consumed in the background diet. While this increases the abundance of Bifidobacteria, it adversely affects gut health in animal studies by inducing colonic mucosal barrier dysfunction, mucosal inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity. Rapid colonic fermentation is central to the identified mechanisms that include injury from high luminal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and low pH, and inflammatory effects of increased endotoxin load and glycation of macromolecules. Whether these observations translate into humans requires further study. Opposing hypotheses are presented whereby excessive intake of FODMAPs might have health benefits via prebiotic effects, but might also be injurious and contribute to the apparent increase in functional intestinal disorders. CONCLUSIONS Reduced FODMAP intake has few deleterious effects on gut microbiota. Consequences (both positive and negative) of excessive carbohydrate fermentation in the human intestines from elevated FODMAP intake require more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Emma P Halmos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jane G Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang F, Wang F, Li F, Wang D, Li H, He X, Zhang J. Methane attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating PI3K-AKT-NFκB signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:209-217. [PMID: 32079441 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1727925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanism of methane-rich saline (MS) on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) in rats.Methods: MS (2 ml/kg and 20 ml/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in rats after LIRI. Lung injury was assayed by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and wet-to-dry weight (W/D). The cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood were counted. Oxidative stress was examined by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined by ELISA. Lung tissue apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and western blotting of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. The expressions of IкBα, p38, PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB were analyzed with Western blotting.Results: MS effectively decreased the lung W/D ratio as well as the lung pathological damage and reduced the localized infiltration of inflammatory cells. Methane suppressed the expression of the PI3K-AKT-NFκB signaling pathway during the lung IR injury, which inhibited the activation of NF-kB and decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10. Moreover, we found that MS treatment relieved reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage by downregulating MDA and upregulating SOD. MS treatment also regulated apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3.Conclusions: MS could repair LIRI and reduce the release of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and cell apoptosis via the PI3K-AKT-NFκB signaling pathway, which may provide a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of LIRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- Hou Zonglian Medical Experimental Class, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengtao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haopeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Intestinal gases: influence on gut disorders and the role of dietary manipulations. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:733-747. [PMID: 31520080 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inner workings of the intestines, in which the body and microbiome intersect to influence gut function and systemic health, remain elusive. Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and hydrogen sulfide, as well as a variety of trace gases, are generated by the chemical interactions and microbiota within the gut. Profiling of these intestinal gases and their responses to dietary changes can reveal the products and functions of the gut microbiota and their influence on human health. Indeed, different tools for measuring these intestinal gases have been developed, including newly developed gas-sensing capsule technology. Gases can, according to their type, concentration and volume, induce or relieve abdominal symptoms, and might also have physiological, pathogenic and therapeutic effects. Thus, profiling and modulating intestinal gases could be powerful tools for disease prevention and/or therapy. As the interactions between the microbiota, chemical constituents and fermentative substrates of the gut are principally influenced by dietary intake, altering the diet, which, in turn, changes gas profiles, is the main therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal disorders. An improved understanding of the complex interactions within the intestines that generate gases will enhance our ability to prevent, diagnose, treat and monitor many gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
|
9
|
Role of p-MKK7 in myricetin-induced protection against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:432-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Mészáros AT, Szilágyi ÁL, Juhász L, Tuboly E, Érces D, Varga G, Hartmann P. Mitochondria As Sources and Targets of Methane. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:195. [PMID: 29181377 PMCID: PMC5693848 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of mitochondria in the context of hypoxic cell biology, while providing evidence of how these mechanisms are modulated by methane (CH4). Recent studies have unambiguously confirmed CH4 bioactivity in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models and established the possibility that CH4 can affect many aspects of mitochondrial physiology. To date, no specific binding of CH4 to any enzymes or receptors have been reported, and it is probable that many of its effects are related to physico-chemical properties of the non-polar molecule. (i) Mitochondria themselves can be sources of endogenous CH4 generation under oxido-reductive stress conditions; chemical inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain with site-specific inhibitors leads to increased formation of CH4 in eukaryote cells, in plants, and in animals. (ii) Conventionally believed as physiologically inert, studies cited in this review demonstrate that exogenous CH4 modulates key events of inflammation. The anti-apoptotic effects of exogenously administered CH4 are also recognized, and these properties also suggest that CH4-mediated intracellular signaling is closely associated with mitochondria. (iii) Mitochondrial substrate oxidation is coupled with the reduction of molecular oxygen, thus providing energy for cellular metabolism. Interestingly, recent in vivo studies have shown improved basal respiration and modulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by exogenous CH4. Overall, these data suggest that CH4 liberation and effectiveness in eukaryotes are both linked to hypoxic events and redox regulation and support the notion that CH4 has therapeutic roles in mammalian pathophysiologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - László Juhász
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Tuboly
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Érces
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Varga
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Hartmann
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|