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Rapid and Effective Vitamin D Supplementation May Present Better Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients by Altering Serum INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, Cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114047. [PMID: 34836309 PMCID: PMC8618389 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to establish an acute treatment protocol to increase serum vitamin D, evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation, and reveal the potential mechanisms in COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 867 COVID-19 cases. Then, a prospective study was conducted, including 23 healthy individuals and 210 cases. A total of 163 cases had vitamin D supplementation, and 95 were followed for 14 days. Clinical outcomes, routine blood biomarkers, serum levels of vitamin D metabolism, and action mechanism-related parameters were evaluated. Results: Our treatment protocol increased the serum 25OHD levels significantly to above 30 ng/mL within two weeks. COVID-19 cases (no comorbidities, no vitamin D treatment, 25OHD <30 ng/mL) had 1.9-fold increased risk of having hospitalization longer than 8 days compared with the cases with comorbidities and vitamin D treatment. Having vitamin D treatment decreased the mortality rate by 2.14 times. The correlation analysis of specific serum biomarkers with 25OHD indicated that the vitamin D action in COVID-19 might involve regulation of INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1. Conclusions: Vitamin D treatment shortened hospital stay and decreased mortality in COVID-19 cases, even in the existence of comorbidities. Vitamin D supplementation is effective on various target parameters; therefore, it is essential for COVID-19 treatment.
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Park J, Kim S, Lee S, Jeong Y, Roy VC, Rizkyana AD, Chun B. Edible oil extracted from anchovies using supercritical CO
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: Availability of fat‐soluble vitamins and comparison with commercial oils. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology Pukyong National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Yeoul Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology Pukyong National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Chan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology Pukyong National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Yu‐Rin Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology Pukyong National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Vikash Chandra Roy
- Department of Food Science and Technology Pukyong National University Busan Republic of Korea
- Department of Fisheries Technology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh
| | - Amellia Dwi Rizkyana
- Department of Food Science and Technology Pukyong National University Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Byung‐Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology Pukyong National University Busan Republic of Korea
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Vellingiri K, Ethiraj P, S NJ, Shanthappa AH, J KS. Assessment of Vitamin D Levels and Its Correlation With Osteoporosis and Fracture Site Comminution in Osteoporotic Hip Fractures in Tertiary Care Hospital. Cureus 2021; 13:e12982. [PMID: 33654639 PMCID: PMC7916318 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A global concern is vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. There is a particularly high risk for pregnant women, people of color (Blacks, Hispanics, and those with increased skin melanin pigmentation), obese children and adults, and children and adults who are abstinent from direct sun exposure. The goal of this study was to understand the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with osteoporotic hip fractures in our rural population and also to know its association with osteoporosis and osteoporotic hip fractures in a tertiary care trauma center. METHODS This prospective research was performed at our tertiary trauma treatment center in Kolar, Karnataka, India by the Department of Orthopedics from September 2019 and July 2020. The age category was 45-90 years, intertrochanteric fractures were graded using the Boyd and Griffin classification and femoral neck fractures the Garden's staging. The research included all patients with fractures after a trivial trauma such as slip and fall while standing/walking and excluded patients with a serious history of trauma such as road traffic accidents/falls from height and pathological fractures. This study involved 30 patients. Age and gender, type of fracture, vitamin D levels, Singh's index, and comminution of fracture site were reported in patient demographics. RESULTS Thirty patients comprised the study population. Most of them were female. Females comprised 18 out of the 30. There were twelve, thirteen, and five persons in our sample population between the ages of 45-60, 61-75, and >75 years. The Singh's index was tabulated. Mean vitamin D levels were 9.64+/-3.23 in the femur fracture group and 13.42+/-5.31 in the intertrochanteric fracture group. Mean levels of vitamin D are included as a graphical representation. The comminution of the fracture site in groups of the femur and intertrochanteric fractures was eight and six, respectively. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment of these patients with vitamin D for osteomalacia and anti-osteoporotic osteoporosis regimens will hopefully enhance bone, muscle, and general health, minimizing falls and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Vellingiri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
| | - Prabhu Ethiraj
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
| | - Nagakumar J S
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
| | - Arun H Shanthappa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
| | - Karthik S J
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Screening for vitamin D status in celiac disease (CD) has been recommended but the literature provides varying support. We sought to assess the vitamin D status in newly diagnosed children with CD and in a non-CD control population and relate them to vitamin D intake. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels were drawn in children with newly diagnosed CD and compared with pediatric outpatients with functional abdominal complaints. Anthropometric data as well as vitamin D intake based on milk and multivitamin ingestion were collected. RESULTS Thirty-eight newly diagnosed CD patients (10.4 ± 3.0 years old; 50% girls) and 82 controls (11.2 ± 4.2 years old; 58.5% girls) were studied. Both groups were similar except for average daily D intake and BMI. There was no statistical difference in mean 25-OHD levels between CD (26.4 ± 8.0 ng/mL) and controls (23.5 ± 8.2 ng/mL) [P ≤ 0.07]. Both groups had high percentages of suboptimal D status (65.8% CD and 79.3% controls). 25-OHD levels significantly correlated with age (r = -0.262; P < 0.0038) and estimated vitamin D intake (r = 0.361; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS No significant difference in 25-OHD levels was noted between newly diagnosed CD and controls, but inadequate 25-OHD levels were common in both. 25-OHD levels were highly associated with vitamin D intake demonstrating similar vitamin D absorption between patients and controls. As CD is associated with bone disease and D status is frequently low, efforts at optimizing D, such as screening levels at diagnosis need to be conducted.
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Alkhatatbeh MJ, Amara NA, Abdul-Razzak KK. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with HDL-cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk biomarkers in subjects with non-cardiac chest pain. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:27. [PMID: 30684966 PMCID: PMC6347766 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chest pain is a serious symptom that is routinely investigated as a sign of coronary artery disease. Non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) is indistinguishable from ischemic chest pain and both are considered serious and receive similar medical investigations. Although NCCP is not associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), patients with NCCP may become anxious and frightened from developing coronary events. So, it will be valuable to improve modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in such subjects to reduce fear from CVDs. Because vitamin D deficiency was considered as a possible modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, our aim was to investigate association between serum vitamin D and cardiovascular risk variables in subjects with NCCP. METHODS A cross-sectional study involved 104 subjects who underwent cardiac catheterization that did not reveal any cardiac origin for their chest pain. 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, glucose was measured by hexokinase method, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured by turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay and lipid profile was measured by enzymatic colorimetric assays. RESULTS High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly higher in subjects with sufficient vitamin D compared to those with insufficient or deficient vitamin D (p-value< 0.01). 25-hydroxyvitamin D was positively associated with HDL-C (p-value< 0.01) and inversely associated with HbA1c (p-value = 0.02). 25-hydroxyvitamin D was not significantly correlated with other cardiovascular biomarkers including blood pressure, glucose, and other components of lipid profile (p-values> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS low serum vitamin D could be involved in reducing HDL-C and increasing HbA1c and thus it may increase cardiovascular risk in subjects with NCCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J Alkhatatbeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Noor A Amara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Khalid K Abdul-Razzak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Lakkireddy M, Mudavath SV, Karra ML, Arora AJ. Hypovitaminosis D in patients with osteoporotic hip fractures. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019; 10:768-773. [PMID: 31316252 PMCID: PMC6612043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate serum vitamin D levels are associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased bone turnover, bone loss and increased fracture risk. Vitamin D is well recognized to be suboptimal in older patients when compared to age-matched controls. There are no published studies on the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Indian population with fragility fractures around the hip associated with osteoporosis and comminution at the fracture site. AIM To investigate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients admitted with osteoporotic hip fractures and associated fracture site comminution in a South Indian Institute. MATERIAL & METHODS A prospective cross sectional study was conducted on 100 patients admitted with osteoporotic hip fracture. Measurement of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was done and the same was correlated with the degree of osteoporosis using Singh's index and fracture site comminution. RESULTS Out of 100 patients studied, 92% had hypovitaminosis D with mean vitamin D level of 16.08 ± 5.95 ng/dl (65% vitamin D deficiency with mean 13.16 ± 4.24 ng/dl and 27% vitamin D insufficiency with mean 23.11 ± 2.62 ng/dl) and 94% had osteoporosis with Singh's index grade 3 or less. Out of the 36 patients with fracture site comminution 34 patients (94%) had hypovitaminosis D and 33 patients (91.6%) had osteoporosis. Statistical significance was established for all the variables. CONCLUSION Significant association was found between hypovitaminosis D, osteoporosis and fracture site comminution. High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients presenting with hip fractures and fracture site comminution implicates the necessity for proper evaluation and effective supplementation of vitamin D in elderly patients along with anti-osteoporotic regimens for effective prevention and appropriate management of osteoporotic hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshwar Lakkireddy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082, India
| | - Shashi vardhan Mudavath
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nizam’s Institute of Medical sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082, India,Corresponding author.
| | - Madhu Latha Karra
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam’s Institute of Medical sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082, India
| | - Abhishek J. Arora
- Department of Radiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082, India
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Ahn C, Kang JH, Jeung EB. Calcium homeostasis in diabetes mellitus. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:261-266. [PMID: 28927245 PMCID: PMC5639077 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a lifestyle-related pandemic disease. Diabetic patients frequently develop electrolyte disorders, especially diabetic ketoacidosis or nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Such patients show characteristic potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and calcium depletion. In this review, we discuss a homeostatic mechanism that links calcium and DM. We also provide a synthesis of the evidence in favor or against this linking mechanism by presenting recent clinical indications, mainly from veterinary research. There are consistent results supporting the use of calcium and vitamin D supplementation to reduce the risk of DM. Clinical trials support a marginal reduction in circulating lipids, and some meta-analyses support an increase in insulin sensitivity, following vitamin D supplementation. This review provides an overview of the calcium and vitamin D disturbances occurring in DM and describes the underlying mechanisms. Such elucidation will help indicate potential pathophysiology-based precautionary and therapeutic approaches and contribute to lowering the incidence of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ji-Houn Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Sadat-Ali M, Al Essa ON, Alani FM, Al Omar HK, Ebrahim WY. Correlation of symptoms to serum vitamin D levels? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 24:31-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Li L, Zeng Q, Yuan J, Xie Z. Performance evaluation of two immunoassays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:186-92. [PMID: 27257343 PMCID: PMC4865603 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immunoassays in measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] have been improved recently, relatively large differences are still seen between results of 25(OH)D measured by immunoassays and by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In the present studies, we compared two immunoassays with LC-MS/MS for measuring 25(OH)D concentrations. Concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2] and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] in serum samples from 59 healthy subjects were measured by two immunoassays including Siemens ADVIA Centaur Vitamin D Total (Centaur) and Roche Elecsys Vitamin D Total (Elecsys) and LC-MS/MS. To determine the cross reactivity of Elecsys and Centaur toward 25(OH)D2, a dosage of 200,000 IU vitamin D2 was given after first sampling. Serum samples were obtained 30 days later and concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 were measured again. The results showed poor agreement between the immunoassays and LC-MS/MS in 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 measurements. The percentage of 25(OH)D2 cross-reactivity was 45.3% for Centaur and 41.2% for Elecsys and there was no significant difference between Centaur and Elecsys. In conclusion, Centaur and Elecsys perform unsatisfactorily in measuring 25(OH)D levels, especially for 25(OH)D2 cross-reactivity. Therefore, clinicians need to be aware of the underestimation of vitamin D status when using these immunoassays for measuring individuals supplemented with vitamin D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Li
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Maeda SS, Borba VZC, Camargo MBR, Silva DMW, Borges JLC, Bandeira F, Lazaretti-Castro M. Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabology (SBEM) for the diagnosis and treatment of hypovitaminosis D. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 58:411-33. [PMID: 25166032 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to present an update on the diagnosis and treatment of hypovitaminosis D, based on the most recent scientific evidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Department of Bone and Mineral Metabolism of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabology (SBEM) was invited to generate a document following the rules of the Brazilian Medical Association (AMB) Guidelines Program. Data search was performed using PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO and the evidence was classified in recommendation levels, according to the scientific strength and study type. CONCLUSION A scientific update regarding hypovitaminosis D was presented to serve as the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Setsuo Maeda
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Victoria Z C Borba
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Bandeira
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Hospital Agamenon Magalhães, Escola de Medicina, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Shriraam V, Mahadevan S, Anitharani M, Selvavinayagam, Sathiyasekaran B. National health programs in the field of endocrinology and metabolism - Miles to go. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 18:7-12. [PMID: 24701424 PMCID: PMC3968736 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.126521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocrine and metabolic diseases of childhood obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, iodine deficiency disorders, vitamin D deficiency, and osteoporosis are major public health problems. Different programs including National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke address these problems although some are yet to be addressed. National surveys have shown high prevalence of these disorders and their risk factors. Most of the programs aim at awareness raising, lifestyle modification, (primary prevention) and screening (secondary prevention) for the disease conditions as these are proven to be cost-effective compared to late diagnosis and treatment of various complications. Urgent concerted full scale implementation of these programs with good coordination under the umbrella of National Rural Health Mission is the need of the moment. The referral system needs strengthening as are the secondary and tertiary levels of health care. Due attention is to be given for implementation of these programs in the urban areas, as the prevalence of these conditions is almost equal or even higher among urban poor people where primary and secondary prevention measures are scarcely available and treatment costs are sky-high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanishree Shriraam
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shriraam Mahadevan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Anitharani
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvavinayagam
- Tamil Nadu Health Systems Project, Directorate of Public Health, Government of Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bwc Sathiyasekaran
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jung IK. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korea: Results from KNHANES 2010 to 2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2013.46.6.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Jung
- Department of Beauty Art, Honam University, Gwangju 502-791, Korea
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