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Soroush N, Nekouei Shahraki M, Mohammadi Jouabadi S, Amiri M, Aribas E, Stricker BH, Ahmadizar F. Statin therapy and cardiovascular protection in type 2 diabetes: The role of baseline LDL-Cholesterol levels. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S0939-4753(24)00165-0. [PMID: 38866619 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM The guidelines recommend statins to prevent cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) however, the importance of baseline LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the association of statin use in T2D patients with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality and whether this association differs by baseline LDL-C levels. DATA SYNTHESIS Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched from inception until January 2022. Observational studies in patients with T2D comparing statin users vs non-users, with reports of the baseline LDL-C levels, were included. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed to estimate the overall effect on the risk of all-cause mortality and MACE (a composite of myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and revascularization events) and the modification in the association by baseline LDL-C levels. We categorized studies according to their baseline LDL-C levels into 1) <100 mg/dl (2.59 mmol/l), 2) 100-130 mg/dl (2.59-3.37 mmol/l) and 3) >130 mg/dl (3.37 mmol/l) categories. A total of 9 cohort studies (n = 403,411 individuals) fulfilled our criteria. The follow-up duration ranged from 1.7 to 8 years. The overall combined estimate showed that statin therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of MACE (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.70 [95% CI 0.59 to 0.83], Absolute risk reduction percentage (ARR%): 3.19% [95%CI 0.88 to 5.50%) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.60 [95% CI 0.46 to 0.79], ARR%: 5.23% [95% CI 2.18 to 8.28%), but varied, albeit not statistically significant, by baseline LDL-C levels. Studies with baseline LDL-C levels higher than 130 mg/dl had the greatest reduction of MACE (HR: 0.58 [95% CI 0.37 to 0.90]) and all-cause mortality risk (HR: 0.51 [95% CI [ 0.29 to 0.90]). The HRs of MACE in studies with LDL-C levels of 100-130 mg/dl and <100 mg/dl categories were respectively (0.70 [95% CI 0.59 to 0.83]) and (0.83 [95% CI [0.68 to 1.00]); and that of all-cause mortality were respectively (0.62 [95% CI 0.38 to 1.01]) and (0.67 [95% CI [0.44 to 1.02]). Statin use changes the HRs of MACE (0.99 [95%CI, 0.98 to 0.99]; P = 0.04) and all-cause mortality (0.99 [95% CI 0.98 to 1.01]; P = 0.8) per each mg/dl increase in baseline LDL-C level in meta-regression analyses. CONCLUSION Statin therapy in patients with T2D was associated with reduced risk of MACE and all-cause mortality. Significant differences across studies with different baseline LDL-C levels were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Soroush
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mitra Nekouei Shahraki
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Soroush Mohammadi Jouabadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Masoud Amiri
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elif Aribas
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Shah H, Alim S, Akther S, Irfan M, Rahmatova J, Arshad A, Kok CHP, Zahra SA. Update on cardiac imaging: A critical analysis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2024:S0214-9168(24)00022-6. [PMID: 38594128 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Imaging is instrumental in diagnosing and directing the management of atherosclerosis. In 1958 the first diagnostic coronary angiography (CA) was performed, and since then further development has led to new methods such as coronary CT angiography (CTA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), positron tomography (PET), and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Currently, CA remains powerful for visualizing coronary arteries; however, recent studies show the benefits of using other non-invasive techniques. This review identifies optimum imaging techniques for diagnosing and monitoring plaque stability. This becomes even direr now, given the rapidly rising incidence of atherosclerosis in society today. Many acute coronary events, including acute myocardial infarctions and sudden deaths, are attributable to plaque rupture. Although fatal, these events can be preventable. We discuss the factors affecting plaque integrity, such as increased inflammation, medications like statins, and increased lipid content. Some of these precipitating factors are identifiable through imaging. However, we also highlight significant complications arising in some modalities; in CA this can include ventricular arrhythmia and even death. Extending this, we elucidated from the literature that risk can also vary based on the location of arteries and their plaques. Promisingly, there are less invasive methods being trialled for assessing plaque stability, such as Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR), which is already in use for other cardiac diseases like cardiomyopathies. Therefore, future research focusing on using imaging modalities in conjunction may be sensible, to bridge between the effectiveness of modalities, at the expense of increased complications, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halia Shah
- St George's, University of London Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Samina Alim
- St George's, University of London Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Akther
- University of Leeds Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Mahnoor Irfan
- St George's, University of London Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Jamolbi Rahmatova
- Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Aneesa Arshad
- St George's, University of London Medical School, United Kingdom
| | | | - Syeda Anum Zahra
- Imperial College School of Medicine, United Kingdom; The Hillingdon Hospital NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
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Aherrahrou R, Baig F, Theofilatos K, Lue D, Beele A, Örd T, Kaikkonen MU, Aherrahrou Z, Cheng Q, Ghosh S, Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Finn A, Owens GK, Joner M, Mayr M, Civelek M. Secreted protein profiling of human aortic smooth muscle cells identifies vascular disease associations. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.10.23298351. [PMID: 37986932 PMCID: PMC10659471 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.23298351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which make up the medial layer of arteries, are key cell types involved in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In response to microenvironment alterations, SMCs dedifferentiate from a "contractile" to a "synthetic" phenotype characterized by an increased proliferation, migration, production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and decreased expression of SMC-specific contractile markers. These phenotypic changes result in vascular remodeling and contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD, including coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, hypertension, and aortic aneurysms. Here, we aim to identify the genetic variants that regulate ECM secretion in SMCs and predict the causal proteins associated with vascular disease-related loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Methods Using human aortic SMCs from 123 multi-ancestry healthy heart transplant donors, we collected the serum-free media in which the cells were cultured for 24 hours and conducted Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis of the conditioned media. Results We measured the abundance of 270 ECM and related proteins. Next, we performed protein quantitative trait locus mapping (pQTL) and identified 20 loci associated with secreted protein abundance in SMCs. We functionally annotated these loci using a colocalization approach. This approach prioritized the genetic variant rs6739323-A at the 2p22.3 locus, which is associated with lower expression of LTBP1 in SMCs and atherosclerosis-prone areas of the aorta, and increased risk for SMC calcification. We found that LTBP1 expression is abundant in SMCs, and its expression at mRNA and protein levels was reduced in unstable and advanced atherosclerotic plaque lesions. Conclusions Our results unravel the SMC proteome signature associated with vascular disorders, which may help identify potential therapeutic targets to accelerate the pathway to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rédouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ferheen Baig
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dillon Lue
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alicia Beele
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; University Heart Centre Lübeck, Germany
| | - Qi Cheng
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Aloke Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc., 19 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Michael Joner
- Klinik für Herz-und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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Rao J, Mou X, Mo Y, Bei HP, Wang L, Tang CY, Yiu KH, Yang Z, Zhao X. Gas station in blood vessels: An endothelium mimicking, self-sustainable nitric oxide fueling stent coating for prevention of thrombosis and restenosis. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122311. [PMID: 37677916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Stenting is the primary treatment for vascular obstruction-related cardiovascular diseases, but it inevitably causes endothelial injury which may lead to severe thrombosis and restenosis. Maintaining nitric oxide (NO, a vasoactive mediator) production and grafting endothelial glycocalyx such as heparin (Hep) onto the surface of cardiovascular stents could effectively reconstruct the damaged endothelium. However, insufficient endogenous NO donors may impede NO catalytic generation and fail to sustain cardiovascular homeostasis. Here, a dopamine-copper (DA-Cu) network-based coating armed with NO precursor L-arginine (Arg) and Hep (DA-Cu-Arg-Hep) is prepared using an organic solvent-free dipping technique to form a nanometer-thin coating onto the cardiovascular stents. The DA-Cu network adheres tightly to the surface of stents and confers excellent NO catalytic activity in the presence of endogenous NO donors. The immobilized Arg functions as a NO fuel to generate NO via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), while Hep works as eNOS booster to increase the level of eNOS to decompose Arg into NO, ensuring a sufficient supply of NO even when endogenous donors are insufficient. The synergistic interaction between Cu and Arg is analogous to a gas station to fuel NO production to compensate for the insufficient endogenous NO donor in vivo. Consequently, it promotes the reconstruction of natural endothelium, inhibits smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration, and suppresses cascading platelet adhesion, preventing stent thrombosis and restenosis. We anticipate that our DA-Cu-Arg-Hep coating will improve the quality of life of cardiovascular patients through improved surgical follow-up, increased safety, and decreased medication, as well as revitalize the stenting industry through durable designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohui Mou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongyi Mo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ho-Pan Bei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhilu Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wu CH, Chung CP, Chen TY, Yu KW, Lin TM, Tai WA, Luo CB, Chang FC. Influence of angioplasty and stenting on intracranial artery stenosis: preliminary results of high-resolution vessel wall imaging evaluation. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:6788-6799. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Spectrally multiplexed assay using gap enhanced nanoparticle for detection of a myocardial infarction biomarker panel. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1198:339562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Wiśniewska A, Stachowicz A, Kuś K, Ulatowska-Białas M, Totoń-Żurańska J, Kiepura A, Stachyra K, Suski M, Gajda M, Jawień J, Olszanecki R. Inhibition of Atherosclerosis and Liver Steatosis by Agmatine in Western Diet-Fed apoE-Knockout Mice Is Associated with Decrease in Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Reduction in Plasma Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910688. [PMID: 34639029 PMCID: PMC8509476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and NAFLD are the leading causes of death worldwide. The hallmark of NAFLD is triglyceride accumulation caused by an imbalance between lipogenesis de novo and fatty acid oxidation. Agmatine, an endogenous metabolite of arginine, exerts a protective effect on mitochondria and can modulate fatty acid metabolism. In the present study, we investigate the influence of agmatine on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and the development of hepatic steatosis in apoE−/− mice fed with a Western high-fat diet, with a particular focus on its effects on the DNL pathway in the liver. We have proved that treatment of agmatine inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis and attenuates hepatic steatosis in apoE−/− mice on a Western diet. Such effects are associated with decreased total macrophage content in atherosclerotic plaque as well as a decrease in the TG levels and the TG/HDL ratio in plasma. Agmatine also reduced TG accumulation in the liver and decreased the expression of hepatic genes and proteins involved in lipogenesis de novo such as SREBP-1c, FASN and SCD1. In conclusion, agmatine may present therapeutic potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. However, an exact understanding of the mechanisms of the advantageous actions of agmatine requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | | | - Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Anna Kiepura
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Kamila Stachyra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Mariusz Gajda
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Jacek Jawień
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (A.W.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-421-1168
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Rimondi E, Marcuzzi A, Casciano F, Tornese G, Pellati A, Toffoli B, Secchiero P, Melloni E. Role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of atheromatosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:344-353. [PMID: 33500110 PMCID: PMC7486169 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death worldwide, but the collective efforts to prevent this pathological condition are directed exclusively to individuals at higher risk due to hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes. Recently, vitamin D deficiency was identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in healthy people, as it predisposes to different vascular dysfunctions that can result in plaque development and fragility. In this scenario, the fundamental aim of the study was to reproduce a disease model inducing vitamin D deficiency and atheromatosis in ApoE-/- mice and then to evaluate the impact of this vitamin D status on the onset/progression of atheromatosis, focusing on plaque formation and instability. METHODS AND RESULTS In our murine disease model, vitamin D deficiency was achieved by 3 weeks of vitamin D deficient diet along with intraperitoneal paricalcitol injections, while atheromatosis by western-type diet administration. Under these experimental conditions, vitamin D deficient mice developed more unstable atheromatous plaques with reduced or absent fibrotic cap. Since calcium and phosphorus metabolism and also cholesterol and triglycerides systemic concentration were not affected by vitamin D level, our results highlighted the role of vitamin D deficiency in the formation/instability of atheromatous plaque and, although further studies are needed, suggested a possible intervention with vitamin D to prevent or delay the atheromatous disease. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained open the question about the potential role of the vitamins in the pharmacological treatments of cardiovascular disorders as coadjutant of the primary drugs used for these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rimondi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo'', Trieste, Italy
| | - Agnese Pellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Toffoli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo'', Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Bai S, Yin Q, Dong T, Dai F, Qin Y, Ye L, Du J, Zhang Q, Chen H, Shen B. Endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomes ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110756. [PMID: 33152921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a serious cardiovascular complication of diabetes characterized by inflammation and endothelial damage. Indeed, dysfunction of the endothelium is considered an early marker of atherosclerosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are prerequisites for blood vessels lined with endothelial cells (ECs), which produce many factors to regulate blood vessel function. Importantly, EPCs also repair some dysfunctions in ECs. Exosomes have been associated with the occurrence and development of disease. Here, we analyzed the microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in exosomes derived from EPCs by using next-generation sequencing. We found that most of the top 10 highest expressed miRNAs in these exosomes were related to atherosclerosis. In a mouse model of atherosclerotic diabetes, treatment with EPC-derived exosomes significantly reduced the production of diabetic atherosclerotic plaques and inflammatory factors. In an in vitro assay examining the contractility of the thoracic aorta from these mice, the addition of EPC-derived exosomes significantly ameliorated the observed endothelium-dependent contractile dysfunction. Taken together, these results indicated that EPC-derived exosomes ameliorated atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of atherosclerotic diabetes. Thus, the present study provides a potential therapeutic application of EPC-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Bai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Tao Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Fang Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Ying Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China.
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Rizwan M, Faateh M, Dakour-Aridi H, Nejim B, Alshwaily W, Malas MB. Statins reduce mortality and failure to rescue after carotid artery stenting. J Vasc Surg 2019; 69:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.03.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Atherosclerotic Plaque Regression: Cause of Bypass Graft Oclussion. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We present a case of a patient who had coronary artery bypass grafting during surgery for severe aortic stenosis. Seven months after surgery the arterial graft was occluded following native coronary artery disease regression. The heart team must consider this possibility when assessing the requirement for bypass grafts in a borderline lesion.
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Bandyopadhyay D, Qureshi A, Ghosh S, Ashish K, Heise LR, Hajra A, Ghosh RK. Safety and Efficacy of Extremely Low LDL-Cholesterol Levels and Its Prospects in Hyperlipidemia Management. J Lipids 2018; 2018:8598054. [PMID: 29850255 PMCID: PMC5937425 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8598054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular disease has been reported to have a linear relationship with LDL levels. Additionally, the currently recommended LDL target goal of 70 mg/dl does not diminish the CV risk entirely leaving behind some residual risk. Previous attempts to maximally lower the LDL levels with statin monotherapy have met dejection due to the increased side effects associated with the treatment. Nevertheless, with the new advancements in clinical medicine, it has now become possible to bring down the LDL levels to as low as 15 mg/dl using PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies alone or in combination with statins. The development of inclisiran, siRNA silencer targeting PCSK9 gene, is a one step forward in these endeavors. Moreover, various studies aiming to lower the CV risk and mortality by lowering LDL levels have demonstrated encouraging results. The current challenge is to explore this arena to redefine the target LDL levels, if required, to avoid any suboptimal treatment. After thorough literature search in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, we present this article to provide a brief overview of the safety and efficacy of lowering LDL below the current goal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arshna Qureshi
- Department of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kumar Ashish
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lyndsey R. Heise
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Adrija Hajra
- Department of Internal Medicine, IPGMER, Kolkata, India
| | - Raktim K. Ghosh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Kanshana JS, Rebello SC, Pathak P, Kanuri BN, Aggarwal H, Srivastava V, Khanna V, Singh V, Jagavelu K, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M. Standardized fraction of Xylocarpus moluccensis fruits improve vascular relaxation and plaque stability in dyslipidemic models of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:81-91. [PMID: 29129602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk.) M. Roem of family Meliaceae has triterpenoids rich fruits. Triterpenoids have been known to possess cardioprotection and anti-atherosclerotic activities (Han and Bakovic, 2015; Wu et al., 2009). Standardized fraction of these fruits exhibited anti-dyslipidemic (Srivastava et al., 2015), anti-inflammatory (Ravangpai et al., 2011) and CNS depressant activity (Sarker et al., 2007). However, there is no report in the literature on its cardiovascular effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to assess vasoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic and further examine the anti-dyslipidemic effect of the standardized fraction of Xylocarpus moluccensis (F018) fruits in the mechanical injury and high fat diet (HFD) induced dyslipidemic/ atherosclerosis models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Guinea pigs were fed 0.08% cholesterol + 15% fat diet for 3 weeks, while ApoE KO mice were fed high fat diet for 18 weeks to induce dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. A combination of balloon injury and high fat diet (1% cholesterol, 6% peanut oil) for 5 weeks was used to accelerate atherosclerosis in NZW rabbits. F018 was administered once daily by oral route in guinea pigs (10, 25 or 50mg/kg/day for 3 weeks), ApoE KO mice (50mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) and in NZW rabbit (25mg/kg/day for 5 weeks) to monitor its effect on dyslipidemia, vasoreactivity and plaque composition by using standard methodologies. RESULTS F018 treatment in guinea pigs (25 and 50mg/kg/day), ApoE mice (50mg/kg/day) and rabbits (25mg/kg/day) significantly reduced plasma lipids and improved ACh induced vasorelaxation. Anti-dyslipidemic effect of F018 seems to be due to the modulation of enterohepatic genes involved in the cholesterol absorption and excretion. Moreover, significant improvement in the acetylcholine (ACh) induced vasorelaxation was accompanied with reduced inflammatory burden and enhanced activation of eNOS in ApoE mice aortic tissue. Similarly inflammatory cytokines, immunolabeling of macrophage marker (CD68) and MMP-9 were reduced along with augmentation in vascular smooth muscle cells and collagen type I and III in the mechanically injured iliac artery segment in the rabbits. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, F018 preserved vasoreactivity, reduced atherosclerotic plaque progression and enhanced plaque stability by reducing lipids, inflammatory cytokines, improving endothelial function and collagen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra S Kanshana
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjay C Rebello
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Vivek Khanna
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manoj K Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Budatha M, Zhang J, Zhuang ZW, Yun S, Dahlman JE, Anderson DG, Schwartz MA. Inhibiting Integrin α5 Cytoplasmic Domain Signaling Reduces Atherosclerosis and Promotes Arteriogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007501. [PMID: 29382667 PMCID: PMC5850249 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Fibronectin in endothelial basement membranes promotes endothelial inflammatory activation and atherosclerosis but also promotes plaque stability and vascular remodeling. The fibronectin receptor α5 subunit is proinflammatory through binding to and activating phosphodiesterase 4D5, which inhibits anti‐inflammatory cyclic adenosine monophosphate and protein kinase A. Replacing the α5 cytoplasmic domain with that of α2 resulted in smaller atherosclerotic plaques. Here, we further assessed plaque phenotype and compensatory vascular remodeling in this model. Methods and Results α5/2 mice in the hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E null background had smaller plaques in the aortic root, with reduced endothelial NF‐κB activation and inflammatory gene expression, reduced leukocyte content, and much lower metalloproteinase expression. However, smooth muscle cell content, fibrous cap thickness, and fibrillar collagen were unchanged, indicating no shift toward vulnerability. In vivo knockdown of phosphodiesterase 4D5 also decreased endothelial inflammatory activation and atherosclerotic plaque size. α5/2 mice showed improved recovery from hindlimb ischemia after femoral artery ligation. Conclusions Blocking the fibronectin‐Integrin α5 pathway reduces atherosclerotic plaque size, maintains plaque stability, and improves compensatory remodeling. This pathway is therefore a potential therapeutic target for treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhan Budatha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Zhen W Zhuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sanguk Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - James E Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Yan W, Wang L, Jiang J, Xu W, Gong Z, Duan Q, Li C, Song H, Che L, Shen Y, Zhou L. Differential expression of T cell-related genes in AMI and SA stages of coronary artery disease. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:10875-84. [PMID: 26379881 PMCID: PMC4565264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify differentially expressed T cells-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and compare their differences in T cell activation and subset functions in different stages of coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD). METHODS 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction patients (AMI), 20 patients with stable angina pectoris (SA) and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited into the study. Whole human genome microarray analysis was used to detect the expression of T cell related genes among three groups. RESULTS mRNA expression of 68 genes involved in T cell was detected. 1) Antigen recognition: in the AMI patients 12 genes were down-regulated and 9 were significantly down-regulated among all 13 genes, compared with those of the SA and the control group, respectively. 2) Co-stimulators and regulators of T cell activation: among 16 genes in the AMI patients, 15 genes were lower and 8 were significantly lower than the other two groups. 3) T cell subsets, CTL: all 11 genes in the AMI patients were down-regulated, particularly GZMM and CASP8 were significantly down-regulated compared with the SA patients and controls. Th1/Th2: in the AMI patients, gene expressions including IL1 and IL18 were significantly higher, whereas GATA3 mRNA was significantly lower than those in other two groups. Th17/Treg: in the AMI group, RORC and CCR6 mRNAs were significantly down-regulated compared with the control group, while CD25 and CD127 expressions were significantly lower than SA group. There was no difference in T cell related genes between the SA patients and the controls. CONCLUSIONS In the AMI patients, the mRNA expression of T cell antigen recognition, activation and subset functions was imbalanced or decreased, indicating the dysfunction of cellular immunity in patients with AMI. Then improving T cell mediated cellular immunity may be considered as a potential target for medical interventions in the patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lemin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jinfa Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhu Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qianglin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Chuanrong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065, China
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Zhang Z, Dong J, Lobe CG, Gong P, Liu J, Liao L. CCR5 facilitates endothelial progenitor cell recruitment and promotes the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:36. [PMID: 25889019 PMCID: PMC4404610 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Unstable atherosclerotic plaques are prone to rupture, which leads to atherothrombosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow-derived precursor cells that may repair vascular injury in atherosclerosis. Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) promotes mobilization of EPCs. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of CCR5-overexpressing EPCs on plaque stabilization in an apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mouse model. Methods The expression of CCR5 and its cognate ligand chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) was examined in atherosclerotic aortas of humans and mice by immunohistochemistry. Splenectomized ApoE−/− C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet for 24 weeks were intravenously injected with EPCs transfected with CCR5 overexpression lentivirus. The recruitment of EPCs over the atherosclerotic plaques was evaluated by immunofluorescence. The content of lipid, smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, and endothelial cells in atherosclerotic plaques was assayed by specific immunostaining. The serum levels of atherosclerosis-related inflammatory factors in ApoE−/− mice were measured by mouse atherosclerosis antibody array I. Results CCR5 and CCL5 are highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques in both humans and mice. The ApoE−/− mice with CCR5-overexpressing EPC treatment demonstrated a more stable plaque formation with enhanced recruitment of EPC, reduced lipid, and macrophage content in the atherosclerotic plaques. CCR5-overexpressing EPC treatment also increased the content of endothelial cells and nitric oxide production in the plaques. In addition, the serum levels of interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, CD40, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the plaque contents of IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were reduced in mice with CCR5-overexpressing EPC treatment. Conclusions These findings suggest that CCR5 is a novel therapeutic target in EPC treatment for stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0026-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Corrinne G Lobe
- Miami Mice Research Corp., 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1 L7, Canada.
| | - Peiyun Gong
- Department of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
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