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Kumar M, Hasan M, Sharma A, Suhag R, Maheshwari C, Radha, Chandran D, Sharma K, Dhumal S, Senapathy M, Natarajan K, Punniyamoorthy S, Mohankumar P, Dey A, Deshmukh V, Anitha T, Balamurugan V, Pandiselvam R, Lorenzo JM, Kennedy JF. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson polysaccharides: A review on extraction, characterization, and bioactivities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:463-475. [PMID: 36563821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human awareness of the need for health and wellness practices that enhance disease resilience has increased as a result of recent health risks. Plant-derived polysaccharides with biological activity are good candidates to fight diseases because of their low toxicity. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson polysaccharides extract from different plant parts have been reported to possess significant biological activity such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, radioprotective and hepatoprotective. Several extraction and purification techniques have been used to isolate and characterize T. cordifolia polysaccharides. Along with hot-water extraction (HWE), other novel techniques like microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pulsed electric field (PEF), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) are used to extract T cordifolia polysaccharides. SFE is a revolutionary technology that gives the best yield and purity of low-molecular-weight polysaccharides. According to the findings, polysaccharides extracted and purified from T. cordifolia have a significant impact on their structure and biological activity. As a result, the methods of extraction, structural characterization, and biological activity of T. cordifolia polysaccharides are covered in this review. Research on T. cordifolia polysaccharides and their potential applications will benefit greatly from the findings presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville 27858, USA.
| | - Muzaffar Hasan
- Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462038, India
| | - Anshu Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni 173230, India
| | - Rajat Suhag
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 12, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India.
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, SNNPR, Ethiopia
| | - Krishnaprabu Natarajan
- Department of Agronomy, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Sheela Punniyamoorthy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRMIST-Vendhar Nagar, Baburayanpettai, Chengalpet 603201, India
| | - Pran Mohankumar
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Vishal Deshmukh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad, India
| | - T Anitha
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam 625604, India
| | - V Balamurugan
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Division of Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod, Kerala 671124, India
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas 32900, Ourense, Spain; Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, UK
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Assem AS, Tegegne MM, Alemu DS, Woredekal AT, Tefera TK. Knowledge about diabetic retinopathy, eye check-up practice and associated factors among adult patients with diabetes mellitus attending at debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:453. [PMID: 33208125 PMCID: PMC7672967 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Routine eye examination plays a vital role in detecting diabetic retinopathy in its earliest stage before the onset of blindness. Patients’ knowledge about the nature and the consequences of diabetic retinopathy and routine eye checkup helps for timely identification and early treatment. However, there is limited evidence on knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus on diabetic retinopathy and their eye check-up practices in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge about diabetic retinopathy, eye check-up practice and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy among adult diabetic patients at Debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from April 20/2018- May 20/2018. A pretested interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 230 diabetic patients aged 18 years and above. Data were entered in to Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was determined and variables with p–value of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result Out of 238 sample 230 were participated, among this, 119 (51.7%) were males. The mean age of the respondents was 49 (SD ±17.6) years. One hundred nine (47.4%) participants had good knowledge and 91 (39.6%) had good eye check-up practice. Urban residence [AOR = 2.65;95% CI: 1.16–6.07)]), monthly income of 3501–8000 birr [AOR = 4.54;(1.31–15.7)], type II diabetes mellitus [AOR = 3.9;(1.6–9.6)], duration of diabetes (6–12 years [AOR = 4.4;(1.4–13.5)]), history of eye disease [AOR = 5.5;(2.3–13.0)] were associated with good knowledge. Similarly, longer duration of diabetes (13–25 years [AOR = 3.77; (1.05–13.5)]) and history of eye disease [AOR = 2.47; (1.09–5.62)] were associated with good eye check-up practice. Conclusion The proportion of good knowledge about diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Debark hospital was fair (47.4%) and good eye check-up practice (eye examination at least once in the past year) was low (39.6%). Longer duration of diabetes and history of eye disease were identified as positive factors for good knowledge and eye check-up practice. Knowledge and regular eye check-up practice needs to be enhanced through provision of appropriate health education. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-020-01730-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Sinshaw Assem
- Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahirdar City, Ethiopia
| | - Mebratu Mulusew Tegegne
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Destaye Shiferaw Alemu
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asamere Tsegaw Woredekal
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehay Kassa Tefera
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Kapoor S, Thelma BK. Status of Newborn Screening and Inborn Errors of Metabolism in India. Indian J Pediatr 2018; 85:1110-1117. [PMID: 29736696 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that cause significant neonatal and infant mortality. Expanded newborn screening which detects these disorders at birth is the standard preventive strategy in most countries. Prospective studies to evaluate the impact of these in the Indian population are lacking. The imminent need to address this lacuna warrants a review of available pan India data, as well as efforts for a carefully conducted prospective assessment of the burden of IEM. Published data on IEM in the Indian population comprising universal prospective screening and screening in selected subgroups (patients admitted to pediatric/neonatal ICUs, patients with developmental delay/mental retardation) was collected through a systematic search. The primary focus was to get an estimate of the disease burden in the Indian population. A true prevalence of IEM in India is not available. The systematic review identifies and stratifies the various situations where IEM are found. Data collected by universal screening of the low risk population is essential to identify the true prevalence of IEM in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Kapoor
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Lok Nayak Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
| | - B K Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India.
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Primary Prevention of Congenital Anomalies: Special Focus on Environmental Chemicals and other Toxicants, Maternal Health and Health Services and Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1031:301-322. [PMID: 29214580 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies (CA) represent an important fraction of rare diseases, due to the critical role of non-genetic factors in their pathogenesis. CA are the main group of rare diseases in which primary prevention measures will have a beneficial impact. Indeed, since 2013 the European Union has endorsed a body of evidence-based recommendations for CA primary prevention; the recommendations aim at facilitating the inclusion of primary prevention actions the National Rare Disease Plans of EU Member States and encompass different public health fields, from environment through to maternal diseases and lifestyles.The chapter overviews and discusses the assessment of main risk factors for CA, such as environmental toxicants, maternal health and lifestyles and infections, with a special attention to issues that are emerging or need more knowledge.Overall, the availability of CA registries is important for estimating the health burden of CA, identifying possible hotspots, assessing the impact of interventions and addressing further, fit-to-purpose research.The integration of relevant public health actions that are already in place (e.g., control of noxious chemicals, vaccination programmes, public health services addressing chronic maternal conditions) can increase the affordability and sustainability of CA primary prevention. In developing countries with less primary prevention in place and limited overall resources, a first recognition phase may be pivotal in order to identify priority targets. In the meanwhile, policy makers should be made aware that primary prevention of RD supports publicly endorsed societal values like the knowledge-based promotion of health, empowerment, equity and social inclusiveness.
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Yeh JJ, Wang YC, Lin CC, Lin CL, Hsu WH. Association of Respiratory Tuberculosis with Incident Bone Fracture: Bridging the Tuberculosis Airway Infection and the Osteoporotic Bone. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168673. [PMID: 28005963 PMCID: PMC5178997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The relationship between respiratory tuberculosis (RT) and incident fragility fracture and osteoporosis/fragility fracture in the general population is not well determined; therefore, we conducted a nationwide cohort study to investigate this relationship. Methods We used the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan to identify 6612 newly diagnosed patients with RT (RT cohort) and 13220 patients without RT (non-RT cohort) from 1999 to 2005. The mean durations of follow-up were (6.73 ± 4.00 years, 8.11 ± 3.24 years) in the (RT cohort, non- RT cohort); respectively. The occurrence of incident fragility fracture and osteoporosis/fragility fracture were followed up until the end of 2011. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and 98% CIs of incident fragility fracture and osteoporosis/fragility fracture were estimated using the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model after adjusting for age, sex, occupation, drug use, and comorbidities. Results A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed and showed the aHRs of [incident fragility fracture; osteoporosis/fragility fracture] were [1.69 (95% CI = 1.26–2.28, 98% CI = 1.18–2.44); 1.42 (95% CI = 1.25–1.61, 98% CI = 1.21–1.65)] between the RT and non-RT cohorts. Regarding the sex, the aHRs of the [incident fragility fracture; osteoporosis / fragility fracture] were [1.57 (98% CI = 1.10–2.23, 98% CI = 1.02–2.41); 1.15 (95% CI = 0.97–1.36, 98% CI = 0.94–1.41)] in the men. The aHRs of the RT cohort without oral steroid use in the [incident fragility fracture; osteoporosis / fragility fracture] were [1.87 (95% CI = 1.20–2.90, 98% CI = 1.09–3.19); 1.41 (95% CI = 1.19–1.67, 98% CI = 1.14–1.74)]. Conclusion The RT associated with the incident fragility fracture, either in men or absence of oral steroid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Yeh
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Wang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chen Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital and B.R.I.D.E., Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, SHKM Government Medical College, Nalhar, Mewat, Haryana, India
| | - Sreedevi Aswathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vanishree Shriraam
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kaushal K, Kalra S. Community health orientation of Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism: A bibliometric analysis of Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 19:399-404. [PMID: 25932398 PMCID: PMC4366781 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.152787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine and metabolic diseases especially diabetes have become focus areas for public health professionals. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (IJEM), a publication of Endocrine Society of India, is a peer-reviewed online journal, which covers technical and clinical studies related to health, ethical and social issues in field of diabetes, endocrinology and metabolism. This bibliometric analysis assesses the journal from a community health perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS Every article published in IJEM over a period of 4 years (2011-2014) was accessed to review coverage of community health in the field of endocrinology. RESULTS Seven editorials, 30 review articles, 41 original articles, 12 brief communications, 20 letter to editors, 4 articles on guidelines and 2 in the section "endocrinology and gender" directly or indirectly dealt with community health aspects of endocrinology. Together these amounted to 17% of all articles published through these 4 years. There were 14 articles on general, 60 pertaining to pancreas and diabetes, 10 on thyroid, 7 on pituitary/adrenal/gonads, 21 on obesity and metabolism and 4 on parathyroid and bone; all community medicine related. CONCLUSION Community health is an integral part of the modern endocrinology diabetology and metabolism practice and it received adequate journal space during the last 4 years. The coverage is broad based involving all the major endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanica Kaushal
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital and BRIDE, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Taruscio D, Mantovani A, Carbone P, Barisic I, Bianchi F, Garne E, Nelen V, Neville AJ, Wellesley D, Dolk H. Primary prevention of congenital anomalies: recommendable, feasible and achievable. Public Health Genomics 2015; 18:184-91. [PMID: 25791968 DOI: 10.1159/000379739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary prevention of congenital anomalies was identified as an important action in the field of rare diseases by the European Commission in 2008, but it was not included in the Council Recommendation on an action in the field of rare diseases in 2009. However, primary prevention of congenital anomalies is feasible because scientific evidence points to several risk factors (e.g., obesity, infectious and toxic agents) and protective factors (e.g., folic acid supplementation and glycemic control in diabetic women). Evidence-based community actions targeting fertile women can be envisaged, such as risk-benefit evaluation protocols on therapies for chronic diseases, vaccination policies, regulations on workplace and environmental exposures as well as the empowerment of women in their lifestyle choices. A primary prevention plan can identify priority targets, exploit and integrate ongoing actions and optimize the use of resources, thus reducing the health burden for the new generation. The EUROCAT-EUROPLAN recommendations for the primary prevention of congenital anomalies endorsed in 2013 by the European Union Committee of Experts on Rare Diseases present an array of feasible and evidence-based measures from which national plans can adopt and implement actions based on country priorities. Primary prevention of congenital anomalies can be achieved here and now and should be an integral part of national plans on rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Taruscio
- National Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
After a review of the current health scene in India, the authors suggest that the Government of India should consider seriously, the introduction of new born screening. As a first step, a central advisory committee should be constituted to recommend what is required to be done to strengthen the infrastructure and the manpower to carry out new born screening, and the disorders to be screened. In the urban hospitals newborn screening (NBS) for three disorders can be easily introduced (congenital hypothyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and G-6-PD deficiency), while in the rural areas this should begin with congenital hypothyroidism, especially in the sub Himalayan areas. Concurrently, logistic issues regarding diets and special therapies for inborn errors of metabolism should be sorted out, laboratories to confirm the diagnosis should be set up, and a cadre of metabolic physicians should be build up to treat those identified to have inborn errors of metabolism. Once these are established on a firm footing, tandem mass spectrometry should be introduced as it allows the identification of a number of disorders in an affordable manner. The recent improvements and current trends in health care in India have created the necessary infrastructure for adopting NBS for the benefit of infants in India.
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