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Aksakallı T, Emre Cinislioğlu A, Aksoy Y. The Efficacy of Combined Alarm Therapy Versus Alarm Monotherapy in the Treatment of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis: A Review of Current Literature. Eurasian J Med 2022; 54:164-167. [PMID: 36655462 PMCID: PMC11163334 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis is a common clinical condition in childhood and affects the psychosocial development of the child. The management of this clinical condition, which includes the preschool and adolescence period, is very important for child development. Diagnostic evaluation should be performed in terms of diabetes mellitus, diabetes inspidus, neurogenic bladder, spinal anomalies, and congenital urogenital system anomalies. Treatment modalities in primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis include enuretic alarm therapy, behavioral therapy, and pharmacological treatments such as desmopressin, tricyclic antidepressants, and anticholinergics. There are also experimental treatments such as percutaneous nerve stimulation, acupuncture, and manual therapy. In this study, we examined randomized controlled studies in the literature that included alarm monotherapy and combined therapy. We aimed to present the efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of combined treatment with the results of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugay Aksakallı
- Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Health Sciences of University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emre Cinislioğlu
- Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Health Sciences of University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Aksoy
- Department of Urology, Atatürk University Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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Better outcomes with desmopressin melt than enuretic alarm therapy in children with nocturnal enuresis during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Curr Urol 2022; 16:70-73. [PMID: 35789565 PMCID: PMC9245528 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the treatment of children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) with desmopressin melt versus an enuresis alarm. Materials and methods This study included 56 children with primary MNE who were taking desmopressin melt or using an alarm. Their anxiety levels were evaluated using the Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised. For both treatment methods, data from a 3-month bedwetting diary between the third and sixth months of the pre-pandemic treatment were compared with those assessed during the same period during the pandemic. Results Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the median 3-month mean frequency of MNE was 1 (0-7.67) in children using desmopressin melt versus 1.33 (0-6) in those using alarm treatment (p = 0.095). During the COVID-19 pandemic period, the median monthly mean frequency of MNE was 1.33 (0-7.33) in children using desmopressin melt versus 6 (1.33-13) in those using alarm treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying psychological effects did not affect the treatment efficacy of desmopressin melt in children with primary MNE but did adversely affect that of enuresis alarms.
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Tai TT, Tai BT, Chang YJ, Huang KH. The Importance of Understanding Parental Perception When Treating Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: A Topic Review and an Institutional Experience. Res Rep Urol 2021; 13:679-690. [PMID: 34522688 PMCID: PMC8434936 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s323926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common childhood disorder that adversely affects a child’s mental well-being and social life. Our clinical experience showed parents and their child often have significantly different perspective of enuresis, and these differences can affect family dynamics, treatment approaches, and treatment success. Parents’ perception of PNE also influences the likelihood of seeking medical treatment, and we found parents of children with enuresis have markedly different beliefs regarding bedwetting than those of physicians. Because achieving remission for PNE requires parents and their child to actively participate in treatment, assessing their expectancy of success and their beliefs will allow clinicians to adjust treatment goals as necessary. When treating PNE, guidelines consistently recommend incorporating bed alarms as part of the therapy. However, through interviewing parents and treating their children, we found parents preferred medications or other behavioral strategies, such as limiting water intake, because of their convenience. Many parents would complain bed alarms woke them up instead of their child, and they would soon give up on bed alarms. Part of assessing their beliefs includes assessing their confidence in their child being able to wake up to alarms and to persist with treatment. Understanding how they manage and approach setbacks will also determine the treatment modality suited for their child. In this review paper, we detailed our experiences interviewing parents and treating their child with NE with urodynamics and medications at the Changhua Christian Hospital in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomson T Tai
- Department of Surgery, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Brent T Tai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Yu-Jun Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, Erlin Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Cihan A, Ünalan A. Frequent witnessing to interparental conflict and low parental availability for leisure-time is associated with dysfunctional voiding in primary school children. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13920. [PMID: 33300211 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Aspects of parenting are an under-investigated topic amongst children with voiding complaints. We aimed to investigate the association between voiding complaints amongst children and two specific parenting-related behaviours: 1) parental availability during the child's leisure time and 2) frequency of witnessing interparental conflict. MATERIAL AND METHOD Children aged between 6 and 11 years with their parents were the participants. Two survey forms and informed consent form were sent to potential participants via children's teacher. Voiding dysfunction complaints were evaluated with the Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Symptom Scale (DVISS). RESULTS Data analyses were performed with 1101 eligible participants. The mean duration of parental availability during the child's leisure time was below 2 hours per day. Nearly one out of every four children witnessed interparental conflict at least once a month. Age, educational level of the mother, parental availability for the child's leisure time, and frequency of witnessing parental conflicts were found to be significantly associated with DVISS ratings. Adjusting age, socioeconomic level, and educational level of the parents and later adjusting parental availability during the child's leisure time did not change the association of frequency of witnessing interparental conflict with DVISS rates. An increase in the age, educational level of the mother, and parental availability during the child's leisure time was correlated with better scores on DVISS, while an increase in the frequency of witnessing interparental conflict strongly correlated with worse scores. CONCLUSION Exposing children to interparental conflicts and shorter togetherness with their leisure time is associated with voiding complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cihan
- Department of Urology, Nigde Research and Training Hospital, Merkez, Turkey
| | - Adnan Ünalan
- Department of Biostatistics, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Merkez, Turkey
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Mohammadi MR, Hojjat SK, Ahmadi N, Alavi SS, Hooshyari Z, Khaleghi A, Ahmadi A, Hesari MJ, Shakiba A, Amiri S, Molavi P, Arman S, Mohammadzadeh S, Kousha M, Golbon A, Hosseini SH, Delpisheh A, Mojahed A, ArmaniKian A, Sarraf N, Safavi P, Moharari F, Dastjerdi R, Talepasand S, Jaberghaderi N, Ostovar R, Salmanian M, Zarafshan H, Nazari A, Haghbin A, Khalili MN. Prevalence of elimination disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2021; 14:19-29. [PMID: 33720855 DOI: 10.3233/prm-190628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, there is a paucity of studies on the prevalence of Elimination Disorders among Iranian children and adolescents. Due to the ongoing need to monitor the health status of these children and adolescents, the present study aims to investigate the prevalence of Elimination Disorders and comorbid disorders in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 29,781 children and adolescents age 6 to 18 years old were selected and studied from all the provinces in Iran. The sampling was carried out by employing a multistage cluster sampling method, and several clinical psychologists using semi-structured interviews collected the data. Furthermore, clinical psychologists collected demographic information (including information about gender, age, place of residence, education level, and parental education level). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Generally, the prevalence of Elimination Disorders was found to be 5.4% covering both enuresis (p= 5.4, 95% CI = 5.1-5.7) and encopresis (p= 0.13, 95% CI = 0.09-0.2). The total prevalence of comorbid disorders was 38%, and among the comorbid disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (p= 11, 95% CI = 9.5-12.7) and Separation Anxiety (p= 10.6, 95% CI = 9.1-12.2) were the most prevalent. CONCLUSION The prevalence of Elimination Disorders in Iranian children and adolescents is moderate compared to similar studies elsewhere. As for comorbid disorders, ADHD and Separation Anxiety were found to be the most prevalent disorders. Since Elimination Disorders coexist with psychiatric disorders in children, further studies of these comorbidities may give better insight into the treatment and prognosis of Elimination Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kaveh Hojjat
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ahmadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Salman Alavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hooshyari
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Ahmadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Jafarzadeh Hesari
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Alia Shakiba
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Amiri
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Molavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Soroor Arman
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soleiman Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Kousha
- Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Atieh Golbon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Delpisheh
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine Psychosocial Injuries Research Center Ilam, University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Azizollah Mojahed
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza ArmaniKian
- Department of Psychiatry, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sarraf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Parvin Safavi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moharari
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Nasrin Jaberghaderi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rahim Ostovar
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Maryam Salmanian
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Zarafshan
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nazari
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ali Haghbin
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mina Norozi Khalili
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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Eray Ş, Tekcan D, Baran Y. More anxious or more shy? Examining the social anxiety levels of adolescents with primary enuresis nocturna: a controlled study. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:343.e1-343.e5. [PMID: 31036479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enuresis nocturna (EN) is very common worldwide, and psychiatric disorders are 1.3-4.5 times higher in children with EN. When the authors focus on symptoms of individuals with EN, they figured out that the individuals were impaired in social and emotional skills because of the dramatic consequences of EN. The authors presume that, despite a lack of psychiatric comorbidity, primary enuresis nocturna (PEN) itself and its consequences may increase adolescents' social anxiety (SA), leading to adulthood mental diseases. OBJECTIVE In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the presence of SA of adolescents with monosymptomatic PEN without any psychiatric comorbidity by comparing them with their healthy peers. METHODS The study was composed of 56 children who applied to pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with monosymptomatic PEN and 42 healthy controls. The psychiatric diagnoses were made by a child psychiatrist, with the help of a semistructured interview (Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version, K-SADS-PL), and patients were required to fill out the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders, Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) scales with the help of a clinical psychologist. The physical examination made by a pediatric nephrologist and dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system questionnaire were used to evaluate the voiding dysfunction in children. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the total depression and anxiety scores between the groups (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in the subscale of SA (t = 2.67 p = 0.009) (Table). Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (p < 0.001) and subscales of SAS-A (Fear of Negative Evaluation [p < 0.001], General Social Avoidance and Distress [p = 0.003], Social Avoidance and Distress in New Situations [p < 0.001]) scores were significantly higher in the patient group. DISCUSSION The authors want to emphasize the comorbid SA of adolescents diagnosed with PEN. This anxiety may disturb adolescents' health in two ways: first, with the help of direct consequences of the SA and second, being late for seeking help for the EN and possible delay in EN treatments. The main limitation of this study is the assessments of the prior mental status of subjects were made by K-SADS-PL, thus remaining a recall bias. A follow-up study may be more objective. CONCLUSION So all adolescents diagnosed with PEN should require a detailed mental examination to prevent further negative consequences and provide more comprehensive treatment. Also, the study needed to be repeated in larger samples, and prospective studies should be designed to enhance authors' understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ş Eray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uludağ University, Turkey.
| | - D Tekcan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
| | - Y Baran
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Van Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
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Refugee Status as a Possible Risk Factor for Childhood Enuresis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071293. [PMID: 30978908 PMCID: PMC6479745 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of refugee status on the occurrence of enuresis. It was performed among school children aged 6 to 11 years and their parents in the Vukovarsko-srijemska County (eastern Croatia), which had many displaced persons and refugees (mostly women and children) in the 1990s due to the wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A specially designed questionnaire (about the child’s age and gender, the child’s enuresis history and that of the parents, and data on parental refugee status in childhood) was completed by one of the parents. Adequate data were collected for 3046 children. The prevalence of enuresis among the studied children was quite low (2.3%) but the prevalence distribution according to gender, the decline by age, and the higher odds ratio for paternal enuresis were in line with the results of other studies. The prevalence of parental enuresis in childhood was higher than their children’s enuresis (mothers: 5.8%, fathers: 3.6%, p < 0.001), and significantly higher among parents who had been refugees (mothers: p = 0.001, fathers: p = 0.04). Parental refugee status had no influence on the children’s enuresis. The results suggest that refugee status is a risk factor for the occurrence of enuresis in childhood.
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Su MS, Xu L, Pan WF, Li CC. Current perspectives on the correlation of nocturnal enuresis with obstructive sleep apnea in children. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:109-116. [PMID: 30446975 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-0199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) are common clinical problems in children. OSA and NE are thought to be interrelated, but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clear. This review aims to explain the possible pathogenesis of NE in children with OSA. DATE SOURCES We have retrieved all relevant original articles from Database that have been published so far, including the prevalence studies of NE and OSA in children, sleep characteristic studies that use polysomnography (PSG) to focus on children with NE, and studies on the relationship between OSA and NE. RESULTS Clinical studies have revealed that the risk of NE in children with OSA was increased compared with that of their healthy peers. This increased risk may be associated with sleep disorders, bladder instability, detrusor overactivity, nocturnal polyuria, endocrine and metabolic disorders, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Cardiopulmonary and renal reflex-induced neuroendocrine disorder may play an important role in the mechanism of NE in children with OSA, but this remains to be confirmed by animal studies. Other causes such as oxidative stress and inflammatory responses need to be further researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Shang Su
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Feng Pan
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Chong Li
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Hascicek AM, Kilinc MF, Yildiz Y, Yuceturk CN, Doluoglu OG. A new checklist method enhances treatment compliance and response of behavioural therapy for primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a prospective randomised controlled trial. World J Urol 2018; 37:1181-1187. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Alshahrani A, Selim M, Abbas M. Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis among children in Primary Health Care Centers of Family and Community Medicine, PSMMC, Riyadh City, KSA. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 7:937-941. [PMID: 30598936 PMCID: PMC6259524 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_32_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is commonly known as any intermittent incontinence while asleep in a child being at least 5-year old. The families of the children having this disorder can be greatly worried because this disorder can lead to considerable emotional distress and some psychological consequences. This study is aimed to estimate the prevalence of NE among children and to identify the characteristics of children who has NE. The third aim is to identify the consultation pattern to solve this problem. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in Primary Health Care Centers of Family and Community Medicine, PSMMC, Riyadh City, KSA, during 2017. Results: Out of 65 families that have children with NE, 38.7% was the frequency of bedwetting every night; 22.6% of the children were stressed as a result of new child birth; 14% of the families did not feel a family load of having children with NE; 29% of the families did not try to treat their children because of their improvement with time; and 12% of the families that tried to treat their children used fluid restriction and waked their children up frequently at night. Conclusions: The prevalence of NE was 18.5% among families with a higher prevalence in boys. Prevalence of NE decreased with increasing age with many children found of having stressful events in their life other than parents’ divorce. We would like to refer that it is important for families that have children with NE to seek medical consultation immediately, which can lead to behavioral modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alshahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohie Selim
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Abbas
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chutko LS, Surushkina SY, Yakovenko EA, Anisimova TI, Volov MB, Rozhkova AV, Sergeev AV. [Comorbid cognitive impairments in children with nocturnal enuresis and their treatment]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:57-63. [PMID: 30141789 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20181185257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study comorbid cognitive impairments in children with enuresis and assess the efficacy and safety of cerebrolysin in treatment of comorbid pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy patients, aged from 7 to 10 years, with the primary monosymtomatic form of enuresis were examined. Enuresis was assessed by the mean number of 'wet' nights per week. Neuropsychological tests were administered to measure short-term auditory-verbal and visual memory as well as SNAP-1V inattention and TOVA impulsivity. Electroencephalography was used as well. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Children with enuresis performed lower on auditory-verbal and visual memory and attention tests compared to the patients of the control group. Electroencephalography showed activation deficit and synchronized effects of thalamic structures. The high efficacy of cerebrolysin (the improvement was seen in 80% of the patients) was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Chutko
- Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Yu Surushkina
- Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Yakovenko
- Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T I Anisimova
- Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M B Volov
- Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Rozhkova
- Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Sergeev
- Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Durmaz O, Kemer S, Mutluer T, Bütün E. Psychiatric dimensions in mothers of children with primary nocturnal enuresis: A controlled study. J Pediatr Urol 2017; 13:62.e1-62.e6. [PMID: 27665376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is not fully understood, but multifactorial factors have been associated with PNE. Parental factors, including attitudes to PNE, disciplinary behaviors, and psychiatric comorbidities in parents have been related to etiology of PNE, outcomes and the quality of life in children with enuresis. OBJECTIVE We examined the psychopathology in mothers of children diagnosed with monosymptomatic PNE(MoPNE) compared with mothers of non-enuretic children (MoNEC) in terms of personality characteristics, early traumatic experiences, and psychiatric symptom evaluation. STUDY DESIGN The study included 44 mothers of children diagnosed with PNE and 45 mothers of non-enuretic children who were randomly selected from the population applying to the pediatric outpatient clinic. Individuals were assessed through psychometric questionnaires, including the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Abbreviated (EPQR-A), the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90-R), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), in addition to a sociodemographic form including 9 structured "yes/no" questions that evaluated intrafamilial relationships, as well as mothers' perceptions of enuresis and its treatment. RESULTS The median age of enuretic children was 7 (6, 9.5) (25th, 75th) years in the study population. The rates of history of enuresis in childhood were 26.7% in the MoPNE group (n = 12) and 6.7% in the MoNEC group (n = 3; p = 0.011). There were significant differences between the groups for the subscales of somatization, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behavior, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism, hostility, phobic anxiety, additional items, and the general psychopathology index in the SCL-90-R scores (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference for the subscale of paranoid ideation (p = 0.070). There were statistically significant results for the subscales of sexual abuse, physical neglect, and total score in CTQ scale, while the personality dimensions evaluated using the EPQR-A resulted in significant differences in the E and L subscales (p < 0.05) (Table). CONCLUSION Our study showed that psychiatric symptomatology and childhood traumatic experiences were considerably higher in mothers of children with PNE. This study highlights the importance of evaluating PNE not only from a biological aspect, but also in terms of psychosocial factors, including assessment of the mother's mental status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Durmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Van Military Hospital, Van, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Kemer
- Department of Pediatrics, Van Military Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Tuba Mutluer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Van Regional Research and Training Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Elif Bütün
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Van Regional Research and Training Hospital, Van, Turkey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether infant temperament and childhood internalizing, externalizing, and inattention symptoms increase the likelihood of daytime urinary incontinence or nocturnal enuresis at 10 years and adolescence (11.9-17.8 years). METHOD Data were from a longitudinal cohort of 1119 healthy Chilean children. We assessed behavioral symptoms at infancy, 5 years, and 10 years and their relationship with subsequent daytime urinary incontinence and nocturnal enuresis. RESULTS Daytime urinary incontinence and nocturnal enuresis occurred in, respectively, 3.3% and 11.4% at 10 years and 1.1% and 2.7% at adolescence. Difficult infant temperament was associated with increased odds of 10-year daytime urinary incontinence. Inattention at 5 years was associated with increased odds for nocturnal enuresis at 10 years and adolescence. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 5 years were associated with increased odds of 10-year daytime urinary incontinence and nocturnal enuresis. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 10 years were associated with adolescent nocturnal enuresis. CONCLUSION Temperament and internal/externalizing symptoms may be risk factors for school-age and adolescent urinary incontinence.
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Ozkaya E, Aydın SC, Yazıcı M, Dundaröz R. Enuresis Nocturna in children with asthma: prevalence and associated risk factors. Ital J Pediatr 2016; 42:59. [PMID: 27287763 PMCID: PMC4901497 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-016-0266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enuresis Nocturna (EN) is a common disorders in childhood. Although many different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain EN, its etiology is multifactorial. Some reports demonstrate that there is an association between EN and allergic diseases. To study (1) the prevalence of EN in children with asthma, (2) to determine the possible risk factors for EN in asthmatic children. Methods Five hundreds and six children aged 6–14 years-old diagnosed with asthma and 380 age-matched non-asthmatic controls were enrolled into this cross-sectional case–control study. We studied an allergy panel that included skin prick tests with (8 inhalant allergens), total IgE, and blood eosinophil count for both groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the parents of children presenting EN. Factors associated with EN in children with asthma were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results The prevalence of EN was significantly higher in children with asthma as compared to the controls: 132 (26 %), 43 (11.5 %) respectively (p = 0.001). Emergency visits frequency, and family history of enuresis were higher in the asthmatic children with EN than in asthmatic children without EN. According to the logistic regression analysis, positive pollen sensitization (p = 0.027, OR = 1.94), allergic rhinitis (p = 0.032, OR = 2.36), and high eosinophil count (p = 0.004, OR = 1.40) were independent risk factors for EN in children with asthma. Conclusion This study showed that the prevalence of EN in children with asthma was higher than in same age controls. Sensitization to pollens, allergic rhinitis and high blood eosinophil count associate to the EN in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Ozkaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes Bulvari Vatan Caddesi, 34093, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seren Calıs Aydın
- Department of Pediatrics, Giresun University Medical Faculty, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Mebrure Yazıcı
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes Bulvari Vatan Caddesi, 34093, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rusen Dundaröz
- Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes Bulvari Vatan Caddesi, 34093, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
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