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Kriplani S, Sedani S, Mishra A, Umre U. Non-surgical Management of Periapical Lesions With the Use of Newer Modalities in Adjunct to the Conventional: A Case Series. Cureus 2024; 16:e57314. [PMID: 38690465 PMCID: PMC11059846 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
For endodontic therapy to be successful, the root canal space must be sterilized. This is often done using intracanal irrigants and medications. To accomplish periradicular region sterilization and healing, various intracanal medicaments and irrigation techniques have been researched for better treatment outcomes. Ozonated olive oil is the most researched and successful adjunct to other medicaments owing to its antibacterial properties. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP) (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline) was incorporated as an inter-appointment intracanal dressing. Currently, many newer advances are depicting synergistic effects in the elimination of persistent endodontic pathogens. Given this, in the current case series, periapical lesions were managed non-surgically for alternating weeks by the advent of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and ozonated olive oil (O3-oil) with laser activation. Irrigation and its effects were further enhanced with the use of a laser, aiming for thorough debridement and rendering the canal free of microbes. Once the patient was asymptomatic and there was no sinus drainage seen, final obturation was done. Therefore, this case series depicts that traditional root canal therapy with the use of ozonated olive oil and laser activation can non-surgically heal the lesion, leading to successful treatment outcomes. Periapical lesions in three cases have been observed; on the initial visit, all lesions were accessible, cleansed, and shaped. We administered ozonated olive oil with laser activation and a triple antibiotic paste on the following visit. In all three cases, six-month follow-ups have shown evidence of a successful course of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kriplani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shweta Sedani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abeer Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Utkarsh Umre
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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2
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Merçon IR, de Campos FUF, Fontana CE, Pelegrine RA, Martin ASD, Bueno CEDS. Analysis of antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and ozonated water against biofilm in oval canals. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:33-41. [PMID: 37466523 PMCID: PMC10355262 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 8 µg/mL ozonated water agitated by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) or PUI combined with EndoActivator (EA) against mature multispecies biofilm. One hundred and five oval-shaped mandibular premolars were instrumented, sterilized, and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus, divided into: control group - saline; O3 group - ozonated water; O3 PUI group - ozonated water with PUI agitation; O3 PUI+EA group - ozonated water with PUI+EA agitation; NaOCl group - NaOCl; NaOCl PUI group - NaOCl with PUI agitation; and NaOCl PUI+EA group - NaOCl with PUI+EA agitation. Microbiological samples were collected before (S1) and after (S2) the disinfection procedures and the data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. In the culture method, there was significant disinfection in the O3 PUI+EA, NaOCl, NaOCl PUI, and NaOCl PUI+EA groups (p˂0.05). The combination of NaOCl with PUI+EA reduced microbial counts to zero (p˂0.05). In the qPCR method, there was a significant reduction in the total count of viable microorganisms in the O3 PUI, O3 PUI+EA, NaOCl, NaOCl PUI, and NaOCl PUI+EA groups (p˂0.05). It can be concluded that 2.5% NaOCl with and without agitation, as well as 8 µg/mL ozonated water with its action enhanced by the agitation techniques, were effective in root canal disinfection, and their antimicrobial efficacy is related to the microorganisms present in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Rodrigues Merçon
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo
Mandic., Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade
Católica de Campinas(PUC Campinas), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Rina Andréa Pelegrine
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo
Mandic., Campinas, SP, Brasil
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3
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Shetty N, Mathew T, Shetty A, Hegde MN, Attavar S. Ozonated water as an irrigant in disinfecting root canal systems - a systematic review. Evid Based Dent 2022:10.1038/s41432-022-0800-7. [PMID: 36076032 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the efficacy of ozonated water as an irrigant in disinfection of the root canal system.Materials and methods This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and methodological studies were assessed through the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. All studies on extracted human teeth using ozonated water were considered for the study, whereas ex vivo studies, studies on animal dentition and studies which were published in languages other than English were excluded from the study. The search was carried out on various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect within the last 15 years. The assessment of quality of the studies was performed under the following: 1) size of sample; 2) control group; 3) standardisation of procedure; 4) statistical analysis performed; 5) risk of bias.Results There were a total of 154 study results, out of which duplicates and full-text analysis were excluded. A total of seven studies were included in the systematic review. The results in one study by Cardoso et al. showed ozonated water was better at reducing microbial counts, while two other studies demonstrated the difference in reducing microbial counts when comparing ozonated water against other irrigants. The remaining four studies concluded that ozonated water did not perform better as compared to the other irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.Discussion It could be concluded that ozonated water is not a better disinfecting irrigant than sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine in the disinfection of the root canal system; however, it had an almost comparable level of disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS) Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mangalore, India
| | - Tony Mathew
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS) Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mangalore, India.
| | - Aditya Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS) Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mangalore, India
| | - Mithra N Hegde
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS) Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mangalore, India
| | - Shruthi Attavar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS) Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mangalore, India
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Tanomaru AA, Limoeiro AG, de Jesus Soares A, Junior ELM, Campos GR, Hamasaki SK, Nascimento WM, Horta LM, Goulart PADSR, do Couto VR, Alves PB, Magalhães V, Campos DDL, Frozoni M. Influence of Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine on the Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of XP Endo Shaper Instruments. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:580-584. [PMID: 34937108 PMCID: PMC9507592 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study evaluated the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of the XP-Endo Shaper (XPS), associated with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in two different formulations: gel (G) or liquid (L).
Materials and Methods
Sixty XPS were used in an artificial stainless-steel canal, and the files were fully immersed in the irrigating solution throughout the experiment until the fracture. The files were divided into six groups (
n
= 10) based on the irrigation solution used: NaOCl(L), NaOCl(G), CHX(L), CHX(G), natrosol gel (NAT) (control), and lubricating oil (LO) (control). The artificial canal was manufactured 1.5 mm wide, 20 mm long, and, 3.5 mm deep with a straight cervical segment measuring 14.29 mm; an apical segment of 4.71 mm with 3 mm radius; and 90 degrees of curvature apical 1 mm long straight segment. Resistance to cyclic fatigue was determined by recording the number of cycles to fracture (NCF).
Results
The CHX(G), CHX(L), and OIL (LO) groups showed no significant difference between them and presented longer time to fracture (
p
> 0.05). NaOCl(L) shows the lowest NCF without significant differences between NaOCl(G) and NAT. The NCF of the NaOCl(G) was statistically similar to the CHX(L) and statistically lower than the CHX(G) and OIL groups. NAT did not present a statistical difference of the NaOCl(L), NaOCl(G), and presented a significantly lower NCF than the CHX(G) (
p
< 0.01).
Conclusion
The use of CHX(G) resulted in increased cyclic fatigue resistance of the XPS instruments compared to NaOCl or LO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriana de Jesus Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas- UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Rocha Campos
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Kaoru Hamasaki
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wayne Martins Nascimento
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Meton Horta
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Rangel do Couto
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bastos Alves
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verônica Magalhães
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo De Luca Campos
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Frozoni
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Ozlek E, Gunduz H, Kadi G, Taşan A, Akkol E. The effect of solution and gel forms of sodium hypochlorite on postoperative pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20200998. [PMID: 34406315 PMCID: PMC8360624 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of using gel and solution forms of NaOCI during the chemomechanical preparation of the root canals on postoperative pain at different time intervals. Methodology 114 patients with mandibular molar teeth and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were included in the study. All patients were divided into two groups based on the irrigant used during root canal preparation (n=57): Group 1, 5.25% NaOCI, Group 2, 5.25% NaOCI gel. All groups were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus root canal sealer using single-cone technique. VAS scale (1-10) was used for postoperative pain assessment. After endodontic treatment, all patients were asked to record their postoperative pain levels at the 6th, 24th, 48th, 72nd hours, and 1 week later. The data were analyzed using Chi-Squared, Independent Samples T, Cochran Q and Friedman tests. Results Statistically significant difference was not found between the distributions of pain levels at different times according to the groups (p>0.050). A statistically significant difference was observed between the distributions of pain levels measured at different times in the solution group (p<0.001). A statistically significant difference was found between the distributions of pain levels measured at different times in the gel group (p<0.001). In both groups, highest postoperative pain levels occurred in the first 6 hours. Pain levels of the gel group as 38,5% mild, 17.3% moderate, 5.8% severe and pain levels of the solution group were obtained as 46.2% mild, 26.9% moderate, 9.6% severe at the 6th hour. Conclusions The use of the gel form of NaOCI during the chemomechanical preparation of the root canals showed similar postoperative pain when compared to the solution form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Ozlek
- The University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Van, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Gunduz
- The University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Van, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kadi
- The University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Taşan
- The University of Van Yuzuncu Yıl, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Van, Turkey
| | - Elif Akkol
- Medicadent Oral and Dental Health Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Liu Y, Yu L, Zhang D, He X, Javed R, Ao Q. Manufacture and preliminary evaluation of acellular tooth roots as allografts for alveolar ridge augmentation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:122-130. [PMID: 34260157 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar ridge augmentation can be used to obtain appropriate alveolar ridge for dental implantation. A variety of bone graft materials including autogenous bone, allograft, xenograft, and alloplastic material are used in alveolar ridge augmentation. Autogenous tooth-derived bone graft material has received much attention for the past few years, because the structure and physicochemical characteristics of tooth are similar to those of bones. Compared to autogenous tooth, allogenic tooth has the advantage of extensive resources. However, the problem of cell-derived immunological rejection of allogenic tooth remains unresolved. In the present study, acellular tooth root (ATR) is obtained by an innovative combination procedure. The biocompatibility of ATR is assessed using cytotoxicity test, hemolysis test, intracutaneous reactivity test, and acute systemic toxicity test. Osseointegration is evaluated in vivo by implanting ATR into the rat tibia defect as an allograft material. The results show that the ATR has fine biocompatibility, and there is an osseointegration between ATR and bone bed at 8 weeks post operation. This study demonstrates that the ATR could be used in alveolar ridge augmentation as a kind of new tooth-derived bone graft material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoning He
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rabia Javed
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial, Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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7
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Comparison of the Effect of Three Irrigation Techniques and Root Canal Preparation Size on Sodium Hypochlorite Penetration into Root Canal Dentinal Tubules. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:6612588. [PMID: 33859692 PMCID: PMC8026296 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6612588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to compare the effects of conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and innovative sonic-powered irrigation (EDDY) on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions into root canal dentinal tubules at different levels of the root canal. Materials and Methods One hundred ninety-two extracted first mandibular premolars of 17- to 25-year-old patients were decoronated 13 mm from the root apices and separated into two groups according to apical preparation sizes (APS) 25 and 40. The root canals were dried with a paper point and stained in crystal violet for 72 hours. Each APS group was separated into three groups according to irrigation techniques, as follows: CSI, PUI, and EDDY. Roots were perpendicularly resected to the long axis at three levels (coronal, middle, and apical). Photomicrographs were taken of all three cross-sections of each tooth under a stereomicroscope. The depth of the bleached zone was measured with ImageJ software. The data were analyzed by Welch's analysis of variance and an independent t-test (p = 0.05). Results No penetration was found at the apical level in the CSI25, CSI40, and PUI25 groups. The EDDY25 and EDDY40 groups showed the most significant penetration at the middle and apical levels compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, irrigation techniques and APS affect the penetration depth of NaOCl into the root canal dentinal tubules. In terms of irrigation techniques, the penetration was deepest when EDDY was used, followed by PUI and CSI. In terms of APS, NaOCl penetrated deeper into APS40 than APS25. The use of the EDDY irrigation technique in APS25 can improve the penetration of NaOCl into root canal dentinal tubules at the apical level.
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8
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Moraes MM, Coelho MS, Nascimento WM, Nogales CG, de Campos FUF, de Jesus Soares A, Frozoni M. The antimicrobial effect of different ozone protocols applied in severe curved canals contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis: ex vivo study. Odontology 2021; 109:696-700. [PMID: 33507433 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate 3 different irrigation protocols using ozone on monoculture biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. Fifty disto-buccal roots of maxillary first molars were instrumented up to the size 25.08, sterilized and then incubated with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days for biofilm maturation in the root canal walls. After contamination, the initial collection (S1) was performed and the 50 samples were divided in 3 experimental groups (n = 15) and 1 positive control group (n = 5) as follows: Group1: Ozonated water (40 µg/ml); Group2: gaseous ozone (40 µg/ml); Group3: Ozonated water (40 µg/ml) under continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI) and, Group 4: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (positive control). The final collection (S2) was performed using hedstroem files # 25 by scraping the root canal wall and absorbed paper cone. The collected samples were analyzed by CFU/ml count and qPCR. To compare the effect of irrigation methods and to investigate E. faecalis count data, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used at p < 05. The values of the differences between the S1 values and the S2 values revealed that the groups did not differ significantly for either E. faecalis CFU count data (p = 0.713) or q-PCR (p = 0.185), however, it is observed that for all groups, the CFU count of E. faecalis decreased over 99%. For the q-PCR assay, the reduction was on the order of 74-95%. Only the NaOCl positive control group presented total elimination of CFU/mL bacterial counting. The ozone protocols assessed were similar in regard to Enterococcus faecalis reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Montagner Moraes
- Endodontic Department São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Santos Coelho
- Endodontic Department São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Wayne Martins Nascimento
- Endodontic Department São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Frozoni
- Endodontic Department São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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9
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Küçük F, Yıldırım S, Çetiner S. Cytotoxicity assessment of different doses of ozonated water on dental pulp cells. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:32. [PMID: 33468083 PMCID: PMC7816490 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of various concentrations of ozonated water (OW) on human primary dental pulp cells. Methods Human primary dental pulp cells were isolated from exfoliated primary canine teeth of an 11-year-old patient with good systemic and oral health. Afterwards, cells were divided into 6 experimental groups; four groups of OW in concentrations of 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, and 16 mg/L, untreated control group, and cell culture without cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after exposure for 5-min exposure using Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) assay at 0 h and 48 h time points. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and Post-hoc tests were performed using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results All experimental groups showed proliferation at 0 h time point. However, all groups also experienced a decrease in overtime at 48 h time point (p < 0.05). At both time points 2 mg/L OW showed the highest cell viability as well as proliferation. At 0 h time point, the increase in cell viability for all experimental groups was found statistically significant when compared to positive control group (p < 0.05). At 48 h time point, although 8 mg/L and 16 mg/L OW showed statistically significant reduction in compare to 0 h time point, 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L OW groups didn’t experience any statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion Considering our findings, due to ozonated water's induced a higher proliferation rate of dental pulp cells, indicating their biocompatibility and a possible adjuvant on irrigating agent in regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdiye Küçük
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Yıldırım
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serap Çetiner
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Mersin 10, Turkey
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10
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Tonon CC, Panariello BHD, Spolidorio DMP, Gossweiler AG, Duarte S. Antibiofilm effect of ozonized physiological saline solution on peri-implant-related biofilm. J Periodontol 2020; 92:1151-1162. [PMID: 33231303 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Removal of dental plaque and local application of local chemical adjuncts, such as chlorhexidine (CHX), have been used to control and treat peri-implant disease. However, these methods can damage the surface properties of the implants or promote bacterial resistance. The application of ozone as an adjunctive treatment represents a new approach in the management of peri-implantitis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of ozonized physiological saline solution in different concentrations against oral biofilms developed on titanium surface. METHODS Single and multi-species biofilms of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus oralis were formed on titanium specimens for 5 days in anaerobic conditions. Biofilms were treated with ozonized saline solution at different concentrations (25, 50, and 80 μg/NmL), for 30 seconds and 1 minute. CHX (0.12%) and saline solution (0.89% NaCl) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Bacterial viability was quantified by colony forming units (CFU mL-1 ), and biofilm images were acquired by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data were analyzed by parametric test (ANOVA) with Tukey post-hoc test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Ozonized saline solution showed antibiofilm activity at a concentration of 80 μg/NmL for 30 seconds and 1 minute, reducing, mainly, Porphyromonas gingivalis viability, with 2.78 and 1.7 log10 CFU mL-1 of reduction in both single and multi-species biofilms, respectively, when compared to the control (saline), whereas CHX reduced 1.4 and 1.2 log10 CFU mL-1 . CONCLUSION Ozonized saline solution has antibiofilm activity, with better effect when applied for 1 minute at 80 μg/NmL, being a promising candidate therapy for the treatment of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Tonon
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz H D Panariello
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Denise M P Spolidorio
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana G Gossweiler
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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11
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Kulkarni S, Mustafa M, Ghatole K, AlQahtani AR, I Asiri FY, Alghomlas ZI, Alothman TA, Alhajri FF. Evaluation of 2% Chlorhexidine and 2% Sodium Fluoride as Endodontic Irrigating Solutions on Root Dentine Microhardness: An In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2020; 15:253-258. [PMID: 33032334 PMCID: PMC8184278 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and 2% sodium fluoride (NaF) as endodontic irrigants on microhardness of root dentin.
Materials and Methods
In this
in vitro
study, access cavity and root canal preparations were done on 24 freshly extracted anterior teeth. After sectioning into 24 dentin discs using hard tissue microtome in 2 mm thickness, all samples were immersed in solutions of 17% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) (2 minutes) followed by 2.5% of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (10 minutes). Then samples were randomly divided into three groups based on the irrigant used: Group I: saline (control group); Group II: 2% NaF; Group III: 2% CHG for two minutes each. Dentin microhardness was measured before (pretreatment), during (after treatment with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl), and after the experimental period (after treatment with saline, 2% NaF, and 2% CHG) using a Vickers indenter. Statistical evaluation of the data was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Student’s
t
-test, and the values are tabulated.
Results
Specimens rinsed in 2% CHG showed a significant increase in Vickers hardness number (VHN) values (
p
< 0.05), as compared with EDTA and NaOCl groups, whereas saline and 2% NaF groups showed no significant difference.
Conclusions
NaF did not show any significant effect on microhardness of the root dentin. CHG as an irrigant was seen to have a strengthening effect on dentin microhardness in comparison to NaOCl and EDTA, which has decreased the strength of root dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Kulkarni
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Ghatole
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ali Robaian AlQahtani
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Yahya I Asiri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Ashtiani RE, Tehrani S, Revilla-León M, Zandinejad A. Reducing the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission in Dental Offices: A Review. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:739-745. [PMID: 32935425 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic has become a major public health challenge around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of August 2020 there are more than 833,556 dead and over 24,587,513 people infected around the world. This pandemic has adversely affected many professions around the globe, including dentistry. COVID-19, caused by the Corona virus family, is transmitted mainly by direct contact with an infected person or through the spread of aerosol and droplets. Dentistry by nature is considered to be one of the most vulnerable professions with regards to the high risk of transmission between the dentist, dental team, and patients; therefore, a protocol for infection control and the prevention and spreading of the COVID-19 virus in dental settings is urgently needed. This article reviews essential knowledge about this virus and its transmission and recommends preventive methods based on existing scientific research and recommendations to prevent the spread of this virus in dental offices and clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eftekhar Ashtiani
- Department of Dental Technology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Tehrani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- AEGD Residency Program, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX
| | - Amirali Zandinejad
- AEGD Residency Program, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX
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13
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Matsui S, Yoneda N, Maezono H, Kuremoto K, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Yumoto H, Ebisu S, Noiri Y, Hayashi M. Assessment of the functional efficacy of root canal treatment with high-frequency waves in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239660. [PMID: 32991601 PMCID: PMC7523981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a high-frequency wave therapy model in rats and to investigate the influence of high-frequency waves on root canal treatment, which may provide a novel strategy for treating apical periodontitis. Root canal treatments with and without high-frequency wave irradiation were performed on the mandibular first molars of 10-week-old male Wistar rats. The mesial roots were evaluated radiologically, bacteriologically, and immunohistochemically. At 3 weeks after root canal treatment, lesion volume had decreased significantly more in the irradiated group than in the non-irradiated group, indicating successful development of the high-frequency therapy model. The use of high-frequency waves provided no additional bactericidal effect after root canal treatment. However, high-frequency wave irradiation was found to promote healing of periapical lesions on the host side through increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 and transforming growth factor-β1 and could therefore be useful as an adjuvant nonsurgical treatment for apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Matsui
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Unit of Dentistry, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Yoneda
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hazuki Maezono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsutaka Kuremoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Fernandes KGC, Silva BBD, Boer NC, Mandarini DR, Moreti LCT, Kato AS, Bueno CEDS, Limoeiro AGDS, Pinheiro SL, Martin ASD, Fontana CE. The Effectiveness of Three Irrigation Systems in the Enterococcus faecalis Reduction after Instrumentation with a Reciprocating Instrument. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:539-543. [PMID: 32898871 PMCID: PMC7535969 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of three irrigation systems: EndoActivator, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and Easy Clean in the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis, after instrumentation with the reciprocating system, through microbiological collection and culture method. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 extracted human lower premolars were used and standardized at 16 mm in length. The teeth were accessed, contaminated with E. faecalis, and incubated for 21 days at 37°C. Initial collections (S1) were made with an absorbent paper cone to confirm the contamination; subsequently, instrumentation was performed with WaveOne Primary. The teeth were divided into four groups according to the final irrigation protocol (n = 15): group 1. EndoActivator; group 2, PUI; group 3, Easy Clean; and group 4, control group irrigated with saline solution sterile and without agitation. In the final irrigation, the agitation of the 17% ethylene amine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) solutions was used, then 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); in both for this, three cycles of 20 seconds each. After the chemical-mechanical preparation and agitation of the irrigating solutions, the final collections (S2) for counting the colony-forming units (CFU/mL) occurred. RESULTS The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that all the agitation systems reduced by 100% and the control group by 65.7%. CONCLUSION The control group presented a significantly higher amount of CFU/mL after the chemical-mechanical preparation than the other groups, which were similar to each other (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Augusto Shoji Kato
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sergio Luiz Pinheiro
- Department of Endodontics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sigrist De Martin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisas São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- Department of Endodontics, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Salehi B, Kregiel D, Mahady G, Sharifi-Rad J, Martins N, Rodrigues CF. Management of Streptococcus mutans- Candida spp. Oral Biofilms' Infections: Paving the Way for Effective Clinical Interventions. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E517. [PMID: 32075040 PMCID: PMC7074106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases are considered the most common noncommunicable diseases and are related to serious local and systemic disorders. Oral pathogens can grow and spread in the oral mucosae and frequently in biomaterials (e.g., dentures or prostheses) under polymicrobial biofilms, leading to several disorders such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Biofilms harbor a complex array of interacting microbes, increasingly unapproachable to antimicrobials and with dynamic processes key to disease pathogenicity, which partially explain the gradual loss of response towards conventional therapeutic regimens. New drugs (synthesized and natural) and other therapies that have revealed promising results for the treatment or control of these mixed biofilms are presented and discussed here. A structured search of bibliographic databases was applied to include recent research. There are several promising new approaches in the treatment of Candida spp.-Streptococcus mutans oral mixed biofilms that could be clinically applied in the near future. These findings confirm the importance of developing effective therapies for oral Candida-bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran;
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Wolczanska 171/173, Poland;
| | - Gail Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratories, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
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