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Mohapatra S, Wisidagama S, Schifano F. Exploring Vaping Patterns and Weight Management-Related Concerns among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2896. [PMID: 38792437 PMCID: PMC11122629 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Electronic cigarettes or vapes are battery-operated devices that heat a liquid, often containing nicotine and flavouring substances, to produce an inhalable aerosol. Despite being used as an alternative to traditional smoking, many studies have reported their health risks and ineffectiveness in smoking cessation. The impact of e-cigarettes on weight control behaviours, a known effect of traditional cigarette smoking, is unclear. Herein, a systematic review was conducted to explore the relationship between e-cigarette use and body weight changes in adolescents and young adults. Methods: The existing literature from databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar until October 2023 was searched and included in the review. The methodological quality of all selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklists for Studies. Results: Out of 5117 citations, 20 publications featuring cross-sectional studies with adolescent participants were qualitatively analysed. The high rates of e-cigarette usage seemed to correlate with increased weight concerns, particularly among females. Regular e-cigarette users who reported being overweight and used calorie restriction for weight reduction were more likely to view vaping as a weight loss or control strategy. Young adults (<24 years) may consume more flavoured e-cigarettes than older users (>25 years). Conclusions: This study revealed a significant use of e-cigarettes among high school students, driven by taste preferences, weight management, and perceived harm reduction. Particularly among girls facing body image pressures, vaping serves as a weight control method. This highlights the need to assess cardiovascular risks and advocate for further research, including longitudinal studies, to inform public health strategies effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Mohapatra
- General Internal Medicine Doctorate Programme, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | | | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
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2
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Xian X, Niu T, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Du X, Qu L, Mao B, He Y, Chen X, Ye M. The relationship between appearance anxiety and depression among students in a medical university in China: a serial multiple mediation model. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17090. [PMID: 38563007 PMCID: PMC10984188 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Appearance anxiety and depression have become common and global public health problems worldwide, especially among adolescents. However, few studies have revealed the mechanisms between them. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating roles of interpersonal sensitivity and social support between appearance anxiety and depression among medical college students. Methods With 13 invalid samples excluded, 724 college students participated in our survey and completed questionnaires. The average age of 724 samples was 19.8 ± 2.02 including freshman to senior year and graduate school and above; 31.9% of the participants were male and 68.1% were female. SPSS 25.0 and Hayes' PROCESS macro were used for statistical description, correlation analysis and built multiple mediation models. Results Appearance anxiety can not only directly affect depression, but also indirectly affect depression through three significant mediating pathways: (1) IS (B = 0.106, 95% CI [0.082-0.132]), which accounted for 49.77% of the total effect, (2) SS (B = 0.018, 95% CI [0.008-0.031]), which accounted for 8.45% of the total effect, and (3) IS and SS (B = 0.008, 95% CI [0.003-0.014]), which accounted for 3.76% of the total effect. And the total mediating effect was 61.97%. Limitations It is a cross-sectional research method and the causal relationship is unclear. Conclusions This study found that lower interpersonal sensitivity and higher social support can effectively reduce depression caused by appearance anxiety among college students. The schools and relevant departments should take measures to reduce the interpersonal sensitivity of college students and establish reliable social support, so as to reduce the occurrence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Xian
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tengfei Niu
- Department of Basic Courses, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xilin Zhou
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Du
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linhan Qu
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binyi Mao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying He
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiyu Chen
- College of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengliang Ye
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Dahiphale SM, Potdar J, Acharya N, Jyotsna G, Saloni, Desale R. Congenital Anomalies of the Female Genital Tract: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e56753. [PMID: 38654788 PMCID: PMC11037924 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review provides an in-depth examination of congenital anomalies of the female genital tract, explicitly focusing on the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) Müllerian Anomalies Classification. The classification system is crucial for standardizing communication and guiding accurate diagnoses in clinical practice. The review explores the diverse clinical presentations, etiological factors, and diagnostic modalities associated with these anomalies. Management strategies, ranging from conservative approaches to advanced reproductive technologies, are discussed in the context of individualized treatment plans based on the ASRM classification. The psychosocial impact of female genital tract anomalies is thoroughly examined, emphasizing the importance of holistic care and patient-centered approaches. Looking toward the future, the review outlines emerging research areas, including advances in diagnosis techniques, innovative treatment modalities, and genetic studies. It ultimately underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of physical and psychosocial dimensions, offering insights for healthcare professionals to navigate this complex landscape and improve the lives of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati M Dahiphale
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jyotsana Potdar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Neema Acharya
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Garapati Jyotsna
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Saloni
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rahul Desale
- Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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4
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Hasan F, Garbett KM, Diedrichs PC, Chaudhry A, Ahuja L, Uglik-Marucha E, Vitoratou S, Dhillon M, Shroff H, Lewis-Smith H. Adaptation and validation of the Body Image Life Disengagement Questionnaire (BILD-Q) for use in english among adolescents in urban India. Body Image 2024; 48:101673. [PMID: 38134533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Body image concerns are a global issue among adolescents, including in India. These concerns can prevent adolescents from engaging in everyday life activities, impeding social and academic development. However, at present, there are no psychometrically valid measures to assess such impact in the Indian context. This study culturally adapted and validated the Body Image Life Disengagement Questionnaire (BILD-Q) for use in English among adolescents in urban India. A total of 1427 adolescents completed an adapted version of the BILD-Q along with additional measures pertaining to body image. Exploratory factor analysis identified one dimension of body image life disengagement, which provided the best fit. The 9-item one-factor model was further supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency and test re-test reliability. Further analysis demonstrated that the scale can be used to compare scores between boys and girls without measurement bias. This study presents a culturally adapted version of the BILD-Q, which can be used as a valid and reliable measure to assess the impact of body image concerns on life disengagement among English-speaking adolescents in urban India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Hasan
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kindom
| | - Kirsty M Garbett
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kindom
| | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kindom
| | - Anshula Chaudhry
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kindom
| | - Latika Ahuja
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kindom
| | - Eleanora Uglik-Marucha
- Psychometrics and Measurement Lab, Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Silia Vitoratou
- Psychometrics and Measurement Lab, Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Helena Lewis-Smith
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kindom
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5
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Hall NY, Hetti Pathirannahalage DM, Mihalopoulos C, Austin SB, Le L. Global Prevalence of Adolescent Use of Nonprescription Weight-Loss Products: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2350940. [PMID: 38198138 PMCID: PMC10782242 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Use of nonprescribed weight-loss products in adolescents is a public health concern that is associated with negative physical and psychological consequences. However, the prevalence of nonprescribed weight-loss product use in adolescents is unknown. Objective To determine the global prevalence of nonprescription weight-loss product use in children and adolescents. Data Sources Four databases, including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health), and EMBASE, were searched for quantitative studies that reported prevalence data on use of nonprescription weight-loss products with no restrictions on publication date. The search was performed December 1, 2020, and updated March 6, 2023. Study Selection Studies were included in the meta-analysis if they reported the prevalence of weight-loss product use, were published in English, and included individuals 18 years or younger. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction was completed by 2 independent reviewers. Data analysis determined the overall pooled proportion of weight-loss product use in total and during the past week, past 30 days, past year, or lifetime. Inverse variance heterogeneity effect models were used. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome measure was the prevalence of nonprescription weight-loss product use in adolescents for all included studies and over the past week, past month, past year, or lifetime. Subgroup analysis included separation of groups by sex, specific weight-loss product types, geographical location, and study publication time. Results A total of 90 articles (604 552 unique participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 50 studies (56%) were from North America. The reported prevalence of weight-loss product use in adolescents was 5.5% (96% CI, 5.5%-5.6%) overall. When identifying use of weight-loss products in the general population, prevalence was 2.0% (95% CI, 1.9%-2.1%) in the past week, 4.4% (95% CI, 4.3%-4.5%) in the past month, 6.2% (95% CI, 6.1%-6.3%) in the past year, and 8.9% (95% CI, 8.6%-9.2%) in their lifetime. Use of weight-loss products was higher among girls than boys. Conclusions and Relevance This meta-analysis found that use of weight-loss products occurs at high levels in adolescents, especially girls. These findings suggest that, given the ineffectiveness of these products for weight loss coupled with their harmful long-term health consequences, interventions are required to reduce use of weight-loss products in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Yvonne Hall
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Cathy Mihalopoulos
- Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S. Bryn Austin
- School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Long Le
- Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Ilić M, Pang H, Vlaški T, Grujičić M, Novaković B. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among medical students from the Western Balkans (South-East Europe Region). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:29. [PMID: 38166959 PMCID: PMC10763029 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Being overweight and obese is associated with an elevated risk of developing noncommunicable diseases, which are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. It is a warning that global prevalence of overweight among university students ranges from 20 to 40%, which presents a significant public health problem. To date, there was no research conducted on medical students regarding the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity in the countries of the Western Balkans (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Serbia). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related behavioral factors associated with overweight and obesity of medical students from Western Balkans. A cross-sectional study was conducted, surveying 2452 students from 14 medical faculties from 5 countries in the region. The prevalence of overweight was 12% and obesity was 2.3% among medical students from Western Balkans. Male gender and smoking status are significant positive predictors of overweight and obesity. Daily level of physical activity up to 1 h per day, going to preventive check-ups once a year or as a part of annual dormitory check-ups are associated with lower odds of being overweight and obese. By creating adequate public health educational programs, students can be influenced to acquire proper health-related lifestyle habits, which would lead to reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the student population, as well as risk of developing noncommunicable diseases and improving the overall health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Ilić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Huiwen Pang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tomislav Vlaški
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja Grujičić
- Department of General Education Subjects, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Budimka Novaković
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
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7
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Kaur N, Jiwan T, Pooni PA. Effectiveness of interventional package on body image perception and self-esteem among adolescents - A pilot study. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:2880-2883. [PMID: 38186762 PMCID: PMC10771164 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_867_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background of the Study In adolescence various physical and psychological changes, impact their overall perception that leads to either satisfaction or dissatisfaction with body image. Adolescents can suffer from body image dissatisfaction. Counselling sessions, video and documentaries can be used to improve the body image concerns. So, this study aims to evaluate the impact of interventional package on the body image perception and self-esteem among adolescents. Materials and Methods The sampling technique used to enrol 65 adolescents was simple random. Body image was assessed in the form of affective and behavioural body image perception. Two different structured scales were used to assess affective and behavioural body image perception. Pre-test was conducted to assess the body image perception among adolescents; then, documentary was shown in the form of intervention 1 and the post-test 1 was taken, again booklet was distributed as intervention 2 and post-test -2 was taken. Results A statistically significant improvement in the satisfaction with weight, height, complexion, hair, teeth, buttocks, thigh and moustache, after the use of interventional package. In behavioural perception of body image, no significant association was found in pre-test, post-test 1 and 2, there is statistically significant improvement in self-esteem of adolescents, as P = 0.03. Conclusion Interventional package in the form of documentary and booklet is useful in improving body image perception among adolescents. Significant improvement was seen in perception related to certain body parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Kaur
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, College of Nursing, AIIMS, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Triza Jiwan
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet A. Pooni
- Department of Paediatrics, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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8
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Ahuja L, Diedrichs PC, Garbett KM, Chaudhry A, Hasan F, Uglik-Marucha N, Vitoratou S, Dhillon M, Shroff H, Lewis-Smith H. Adaptation and Validation of the Child Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (ChEDE-Q) for Use in English among Adolescents in Urban India. Nutrients 2023; 15:3836. [PMID: 37686868 PMCID: PMC10490473 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating pathology is increasingly common among Indian adolescents. However, brief validated measures of disordered eating in Indian contexts are scarce. This study adapted and validated a culturally appropriate English language version of the Child Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (ChEDE-Q) among 385 adolescents (mean age = 13.42 years; 47.3% girls) in urban India. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a two-factor eight-item solution had an acceptable fit to the data across gender: an 'Eating Concerns and Restraint' subscale and a 'Weight and Shape Concerns' subscale. Further, the questionnaire can be utilised as both a unidimensional and multidimensional tool. This allows for the computation of a total score on the primary factor of 'Child Eating Pathology', as well as the two subscales. Internal consistency of the 'Weight and Shape Concerns' subscale (α = 0.825) and 'Eating Concerns and Restraint' subscale (α = 0.649) was satisfactory. Concurrent validity was established through medium significant correlations with measures of body image and broader mental health. The results support the use of the ChEDE-Q for assessing disordered eating among urban Indian adolescents, thus providing the research community and practitioners with a measure to investigate the nature and scale of disordered eating among adolescents in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latika Ahuja
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (P.C.D.); (K.M.G.); (F.H.)
| | - Phillippa C. Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (P.C.D.); (K.M.G.); (F.H.)
| | - Kirsty M. Garbett
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (P.C.D.); (K.M.G.); (F.H.)
| | | | - Farheen Hasan
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (P.C.D.); (K.M.G.); (F.H.)
| | - Nora Uglik-Marucha
- Psychometrics and Measurement Lab, Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 8AF, UK; (N.U.-M.); (S.V.)
| | - Silia Vitoratou
- Psychometrics and Measurement Lab, Biostatistics and Health Informatics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 8AF, UK; (N.U.-M.); (S.V.)
| | - Megha Dhillon
- Lady Shri Ram College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110024, India;
| | - Hemal Shroff
- Toronto District School Board, Toronto, ON M2N 5N8, Canada;
| | - Helena Lewis-Smith
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (P.C.D.); (K.M.G.); (F.H.)
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9
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Matheson EL, Schneider J, Tinoco A, Silva-Breen H, LaVoi NM, Diedrichs PC. How can we help you? A global investigation into girls' body image experiences in sport and intervention preferences. Body Image 2023; 46:265-279. [PMID: 37390802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Existing interventions that target the intersection of girls' body image and sports participation are marginally effective, which is, in part, due to methodological limitations pertaining to intervention development (i.e., not theoretically or stakeholder informed). In this research, girls were consulted on their positive and negative body image experiences in sport and their preferences for fostering and remedying these experiences, respectively, in a new intervention. One-hundred and two girls (11-17-years; n = 91) and youth advisory board members (18-35-years; n = 15) from 13 countries participated in semi-structured focus groups and/or surveys. Template analysis of focus group and survey data resulted in 10 first-level themes and three integrative themes, which highlighted factors that both hinder and help girls' body image while playing sport, as well as girls' intervention preferences and cross-national considerations that will eventually impact the adaptation, localisation, and scaling of the intervention. Overall, girls favoured a girl and woman-only, multimodal intervention that upskilled them in appreciating their bodies, while challenging others' harmful behaviours. Stakeholder insights are crucial in creating acceptable, effective, and scalable interventions. Insights from this consultation phase will inform the development of a new scalable, evidence- and stakeholder-informed intervention that aims to foster girls' positive body image and sports enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Matheson
- Centre for Appearance Research, School of Social Sciences, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
| | - Jekaterina Schneider
- Centre for Appearance Research, School of Social Sciences, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Aline Tinoco
- Centre for Appearance Research, School of Social Sciences, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Silva-Breen
- Tucker Center for Research on Girls & Women in Sport, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Nicole M LaVoi
- Tucker Center for Research on Girls & Women in Sport, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, School of Social Sciences, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
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10
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Ozgoli G, Mousavi M, Ramezani Tehrani F. Polycystic ovary syndrome and body image concerns during adolescence. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 72:e1-e9. [PMID: 37296037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare body image concerns in adolescents with and without PCOS. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1076 adolescents, including 344 with PCOS and 732 without PCOS. The participants were asked to complete a comprehensive questionnaire that included demographic and reproductive parameters and the body image concerns inventory (BICI) which comprised two factors (1-dissatisfaction and embarrassment about one's appearance and 2-social function due to appearance concerns). Linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of hyperandrogenism and/or abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and/or obesity on BICI and its domains both before and after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS The result showed that adolescents with PCOS had a worse total BICI score and its domains (p < 0.05). In multivariable-adjusted regression models, adolescents with PCOS were more likely to have a high body image concern (β = 0.05, P < 0.001), while those with high household income were less likely to have body image concern (β = -0.08, P = 0.004). Considering hyperandrogenism status, those with high household income were also less likely to have high body image concern (β = -0.08, P = 0.004), and age of menarche (β = -0.01, P = 0.013) were also inversely associated with total BICI score. Likewise, considering obese status, only high household income (β = -0.08, P = 0.004) was inversely associated with total BICI score. Also, considering menstrual irregularity status, high household income (β = -0.08, P = 0.005), and age of menarche (β = -0.01, P = 0.01) were inversely associated with the total BICI score. CONCLUSION Adolescents with PCOS had higher body image concerns. Apart from the being PCOS label, abnormal uterine bleeding was also a predictor of body image concern. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians should pay attention to the greater influence of the PCOS label on altered body image in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giti Ozgoli
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mousavi
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mishra A, Craddock N, Chan J, Elwyn R, Cerea S, Tan WQ, Bin Haamed H, Turk F. "You Can't Be Too Skinny. You Can't Be Too Fat. I Don't Know What You Are Supposed To Be.": A qualitative focus group study exploring body image experiences of South Asian women in the UK. Body Image 2023; 46:123-138. [PMID: 37290142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
British South Asian women may experience unique appearance pressures associated with their intersecting (racialised and gendered) identities; yet qualitative investigations of intersectional understandings of their body image are scarce. The aim of this study was to explore sociocultural factors influencing British South Asian women's body image using an intersectional framework. Seven focus groups were conducted with 22 women of South Asian heritage living in the UK between the age of 18 and 48 years old who were comfortable speaking in English. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. We generated four themes (1) navigating (often marriage-related) appearance pressures from South Asian elders and aunties (2) negotiating cultural and societal standards across different aspects of one's identity (3) representation of South Asian women in the wider context and (4) forms of healing from the pressures imposed on South Asian women. The findings have important implications for the body image experiences of South Asian women by acknowledging the need for tailored and nuanced responses to their complex needs in the sociocultural, political and relational context such as family, peers, education, health, media and the wider consumer landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mishra
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Nadia Craddock
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Chan
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Rosiel Elwyn
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Silvia Cerea
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Wen Q Tan
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Haifa Bin Haamed
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fidan Turk
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Health Sciences, University of York, United Kingdom
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12
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Bakhtiari A, Pasha H, Kashefi F, Nasiri-Amiri F, Bakouei F. Factors affecting students' attitudes towards reproductive health in the north of Iran: Designing an educational program. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1557. [PMID: 37587441 PMCID: PMC10428581 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is essential to empower young people to promote reproductive health (RH) and develop effective educational programs to prevent risky behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting students' attitudes towards RH based on the ecological model and then design an educational program. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 461 female students aged 18-29 in the north of Iran. This study was done in two stages. In the first stage, factors affecting the attitude towards RH including demographic questionnaire, interpersonal communication skills, family communication pattern, depression, stress and anxiety, body self-image, and self-confidence were determined. In the second stage, an educational program was designed based on the most effective factors. Independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were employed using SPSS version 20 software. Also, STATA version 15 software was utilized for statistical modeling to predict the best predictive model of attitude towards RH. RESULTS 47.7% of students had a good attitude toward RH. The majority of students had problems with interpersonal communication skills (60.7%). Also, 28.5% experienced depression, 35.8% anxiety, and 12.8% stress at different levels. More than a quarter of the students (26.5%) had poor body self-image and 18.7% had Undesirable self-esteem. Interpersonal skills (P = 0.002), family communication pattern (P = 0.004), stress (p = 0.019), anxiety (P = 0.001), and body self-image (P = 0.034) have a significant relationship with the attitude towards RH. The multiple regression showed that the most important effective factor on RH is the dialogue orientation of family communication pattern (P = 0.041), stress (P = 0.002), and anxiety (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Stress and anxiety management training and the use of dialogue orientation in the family communication pattern for young female students are recommended based on the scientific model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Bakhtiari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hajar Pasha
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Population, Family and Spiritual Research Core, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kashefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasiri-Amiri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bakouei
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
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13
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Khanna T, Banerjee B, Majhi MM, Futela D. Depression, sleep, body image, and lifestyle: Prevalence and associated factors of depression among school-going adolescents in Delhi National Capital Region. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:825-831. [PMID: 37736230 PMCID: PMC10510640 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_19_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents are known to be vulnerable to depression, which worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also exhibit poor sleep quality and body image issues (BIIs) which are considered risk factors for depression. There is a paucity of Indian studies regarding adolescent depression and its correlation with lifestyle. Aims To detect the prevalence of depression in adolescents, and understand its association with sociodemographic variables, sleep quality, BIIs, and lifestyle factors. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 adolescents attending classes 8th-12th in two schools in Delhi National Capital Region. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Depression anxiety stress scale-21 was used to detect depression. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Stunkard Figure Rating Scale were used to evaluate sleep quality and BIIs. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version-25. Results Depression was present in 40.3% of students. It was more common in girls, older students, students in higher classes, who lacked siblings and whose mothers were engaged in professions as well as those with BIIs. However, after multivariate analysis, the association of depression with poor sleep quality, meal skipping, lack of exercise, family history of mental illness, and inverse association with open discussion of one's thoughts and worries with family remained significant. Conclusions Depression is common among adolescents and shows associations with poor sleep quality and lifestyle choices. Awareness of these associations may enable better screening and early intervention for vulnerable adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejasvini Khanna
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bratati Banerjee
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madan M. Majhi
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Dheeman Futela
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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14
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Evaluating a body image school-based intervention in India: A randomized controlled trial. Body Image 2023; 44:148-156. [PMID: 36608434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction is highly prevalent among adolescents in low- and middle- income countries, including in India. However, evidence-based interventions are lacking. This study evaluated the efficacy of a school-based mixed-gender body image intervention among adolescents in India. A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 568 (43 % girls) Year 7 students (aged 11-14; 94 % aged 12-13) in six schools in Delhi. Each school was randomly allocated to receive five 45-minute intervention sessions delivered by trained psychologists or a wait-list control condition. The primary outcome of body image and related secondary outcomes were assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat linear mixed models analyses showed improvements in body image relative to the control group at post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. Significant improvements were identified at post-intervention for internalization, life disengagement, disordered eating, self-esteem, and negative affect, with effects maintained in nearly all outcomes (girls only - internalization, boys only - life disengagement) at 3-month follow-up. This study presents the first mixed-gender school-based body image intervention in India, which was efficacious in improving urban adolescents' body image, disordered eating, and related outcomes.
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15
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Contractor R, Rasquinha D. Exercise behaviour and body esteem of gym-goers in india. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 19:1-14. [PMID: 37063691 PMCID: PMC10103055 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Exercise dependence is described as exercise which is harmful if engaged compulsively and excessively. The present study aims to investigate differences in categories of exercise behaviours and areas of body esteem in gym-goers in India across genders. The study used a cross-sectional design, and the sample consisted of 291 gym-goers (females = 146; males = 145) The Exercise Dependence Scale- 21 (EDS-21) and Body Esteem Scale-Revised (BES-R) was administered to the gym-goers in India after seeking informed consent. The obtained data were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference in the three categories of exercise behaviours and three areas of body esteem in male gym-goers. However, such similar differences were not found in female gym-goers. The differences found in body esteem for the male gym-goers in certain areas suggest how exercise has an impact on body image. For female gym-goers, we can see that irrespective of the category they belong to, there is no difference in the areas of body esteem. We can understand such findings with the sociocultural model of excessive exercise given by White and Halliwell (DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.02.002) where perceived sociocultural pressure predicts excessive exercise, which is mediated by body image. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed. Future research in India based on qualitative and longitudinal designs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhee Contractor
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal, India
| | - Deepa Rasquinha
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal, India
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16
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Toselli S, Rinaldo N, Mauro M, Grigoletto A, Zaccagni L. Body Image Perception in Adolescents: The Role of Sports Practice and Sex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215119. [PMID: 36429834 PMCID: PMC9690021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about weight and body image are common among adolescents, as adolescence represents a time of intense and rapid change. This cross-sectional study assessed the difference in body image perception by sex, weight status and sports practice in a sample of Italians aged 13-18 years. For this purpose, we considered a sample of 140 adolescents subdivided into two groups: a group of sports-playing teenagers practicing volleyball (39 males and 26 females), and a group of teenagers not actively involved in sports (24 males and 51 females). Body mass index (BMI), body image variables, and sports practice were examined. Due to COVID-19 limitations, height and weight were self-reported and BMI was calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of height (in meters). Body image perception was assessed by the short version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14) and by the Stunkard Body Silhouette Chart. Two-way ANCOVAs adjusted for age were performed to test the differences between sexes and sports groups. Adolescent volleyball players had a lower incidence of weight disorders. Weight status significantly differed between those who played sports and those who did not, but there was no significant difference in weight status between sexes. On the whole, sports players and males showed higher results than non-sports players and females. The highest level of body image dissatisfaction was found in non-sports-playing females, while sports-playing males showed the lowest. The present study confirms the positive link between sport and body image and can be of support to lead adolescents to adopt a healthier and more active lifestyle. Further research is needed to validate our findings through a longitudinal study during the entire period of adolescence. In addition, it would be interesting to validate the results on a larger sample, also taking into account socio-demographic variables and including athletes engaged in different types of sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toselli
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Mauro
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Alessia Grigoletto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Zaccagni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
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17
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Lewis-Smith H, Hasan F, Ahuja L, White P, Diedrichs PC. A comic-based body image intervention for adolescents in semi-rural Indian schools: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Body Image 2022; 42:183-196. [PMID: 35750013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents in India experience body dissatisfaction, however, empirically supported interventions are lacking. This paper describes the protocol for the development, acceptability testing, and cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a six-session comic-based intervention, which aims to improve body image and related outcomes among adolescents in semi-rural Indian schools. If found to be acceptable and effective, UNICEF will disseminate the intervention across schools in eight states of India. The acceptability study will be conducted with 24 students in Classes 6-8 (age 11-14) and nine teachers from Hindi-medium government schools using interviews and focus groups. The subsequent RCT will be conducted with 2400 students, with schools randomized to either the comic-based intervention or lessons-as-usual (control) groups. The primary outcome is body esteem, and secondary outcomes are disordered eating, appearance ideal internalization, body-image-related life disengagement, self-esteem, negative affect, and positive affect. Additional exploratory outcome measures are skin colour dissatisfaction, body hair dissatisfaction, appearance-based teasing, and endorsement of traditional gender roles. These outcomes will be examined at three timepoints: baseline (T1), 1 week-post-intervention (T2), and 12-weeks follow-up (T3). Analyses will compare outcomes in the intervention with the control group. This will be the first study to evaluate a body image intervention for adolescents in semi-rural Indian schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farheen Hasan
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, UK
| | - Latika Ahuja
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, UK
| | - Paul White
- Applied Statistics Group, University of the West of England, UK
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18
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The Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents: Translation, adaptation and psychometric validation among Brazilian adolescents. Body Image 2022; 42:213-221. [PMID: 35779360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A lack of rigorously validated body image measures for use among adolescents is hampering research in Brazil. This study aimed to validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents (BESAA; Mendelson et al., 2001). The BESAA was forward and back translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese before examining its factor structure, reliability, and validity among 475 adolescents (50.3% girls) aged 13 - 18 years (Mage = 15.35) from various regions across Brazil. Exploratory factor analysis identified an 18-item three-factor solution, with Appearance-Positive, Appearance-Negative, and Weight subscales. The removal of five problematic items led to a psychometrically robust model, invariant across gender and age, and was verified using confirmatory factor analysis. Test re-test reliability and internal consistency were good-to-excellent across all three factors (Cronbach's a =0.85,.88, and.89). Concurrent validity was established through significant correlations with body dissatisfaction. Convergent validity was demonstrated via significant correlations with positive and negative affect. This Brazilian Portuguese version of the BESAA is a valid, reliable, and psychometrically robust measure of body image suitable for administration among adolescents in Brazil.
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19
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Kapoor A, Upadhyay MK, Saini NK. Prevalence, patterns, and determinants of body image dissatisfaction among female undergraduate students of University of Delhi. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:2002-2007. [PMID: 35800482 PMCID: PMC9254831 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1851_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body image is an essential aspect of young girls' self-definition and individual identity and is influenced by multitude of factors including cultural, social, cognitive, affective, and biological. In recent times, excessive concern about the body image has been reported and the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) has increased among adolescent and young girls. Objectives The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BID, its pattern and the factors associated with it among female undergraduate students and also to assess the level of concern about their body image. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 female undergraduate students using a contour drawing rating scale and a body shape questionnaire to assess BID and its pattern, and the level of concern about body image, respectively. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify the factors determining body image perception. Results The prevalence of body mage dissatisfaction was 76.7% with overweight and obesity, and media influences being significantly associated with it. Nutritional status, mother's educational status, and media influences were the determinants. Body shape concerns were found among 30.6% of the participants out of which 7.3% reported marked to moderate concerns. Conclusions Our findings highlighted a higher prevalence of perceived dissatisfaction with the body image and also that it is not simply the outcome of sociocultural pressure to conform to a certain body type but is the result of a complex interaction between individual differences in actual body mass and preference for a thin body ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Kapoor
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Kumari Upadhyay
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Narinder Kumar Saini
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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20
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Simões JM, Tylka TL, Ferreira C. Early memories of warmth and safeness, and current social safeness: Longitudinal contributions for girls’ body appreciation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Sollerhed AC, Fransson J, Skoog JI, Garmy P. Physical Activity Levels, Perceived Body Appearance, and Body Functioning in Relation to Perceived Wellbeing Among Adolescents. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:830913. [PMID: 35359507 PMCID: PMC8960632 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.830913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate self-reported physical activity levels, perceived body appearance, and body functioning in relation to perceived wellbeing among adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was performed in four upper secondary schools in one municipality in southern Sweden. Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 1,491 adolescents (55.4% females; median age 16; range 15–17 years) during school hours. The participation rate was 71.4%. Logistic regression analyses were carried out with wellbeing as the dependent variable. The independent variables included gender, perceived family financial situation, perceived body appearance, perceived body function, and physical activity level. Perceived positive wellbeing was associated with being satisfied with their body's appearance (OR 3.4; CI 2.6–4.4) and function (OR 3.1; CI 2.2–4.2), being physically active three or more times per week (OR 1.5; CI 1.1–2.0), and a good perceived family financial situation (OR 3.3; CI 1.6–6.7). Gender was not significantly associated with wellbeing. A positive body image, which include both body appearance and body function, and high physical activity levels were significantly associated with wellbeing in adolescents, corroborating the importance of promoting physical activity among younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Sollerhed
- Department of Humanities, Faculty of Teacher Education, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Johanna Fransson
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - JIsabelle Skoog
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Garmy
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Pernilla Garmy
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22
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Comics as a body image intervention among adolescents in Indian Hindi medium schools: insights from an acceptability study. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 9:460-469. [PMID: 36618749 PMCID: PMC9807003 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indian adolescents experience body dissatisfaction. However, empirically supported interventions are lacking, particularly in lower socio-economic regions of India. This paper describes the acceptability testing of a six-session teacher-led comics-based intervention, aiming to improve body image and related outcomes among adolescents in Indian Hindi medium schools. METHODS Thirty-five students (50% girls; M age, girls = 12.3 years; M age, boys = 13 years) and nine teachers (11% women) from Hindi medium schools in Rajasthan, India, completed a quantitative acceptability questionnaire regarding comics that target body dissatisfaction and associated risk factors. They also participated in online or telephone semi-structured interviews to share in-depth feedback, with teachers providing additional feedback on an accompanying teacher guide. The quantitative data were analysed descriptively, with the interviews analysed using qualitative codebook thematic analysis. RESULTS Quantitative analyses revealed that 73% of students felt the comics made them feel good about themselves. Qualitative analyses revealed four themes: (1) body dissatisfaction is a concern; (2) the comics are powerful; (3) increasing ease of understanding; (4) a teacher guide to aid delivery. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates acceptability of a novel teacher-led comics-based body image intervention for adolescents in Indian Hindi medium schools from lower socio-economic settings. These findings are currently informing intervention optimizations, which will be evaluated in a randomized controlled effectiveness trial. If found to be effective, this intervention will be disseminated across eight Indian states by UNICEF. Trial registration. This trial has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov; a database of privately and publicly funded studies conducted around the world. Registration date: 2nd May 2020; Registration ID: (NCT04317755). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04317755?term=NCT04317755&draw=2&rank=1.
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23
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The Association between Disordered Eating Behavior and Body Image Biological Maturation and Levels of Adipocytokines in Preadolescent Girls: The Healthy Growth Study. WOMEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/women1040015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During puberty, rapid, complex hormonal, physical and cognitive changes occur that affect body image and eating behavior. The aim of this cross-sectional study, a secondary analysis of data from the Greek Healthy Growth Study, was to explore associations of disordered eating behaviors and body image in 1206 10–12-year-old girls during pubertal maturation, with serum leptin and adiponectin levels, according to body mass index (BMI). Eating behavior and disordered eating were assessed with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the Children Eating Attitudes Test Questionnaire (ChEAT), respectively. Associations of components of DEBQ and ChEAT with maturation according to Tanner Stage (TS) and levels of leptin and adiponectin were explored by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Adiponectin levels in girls at TS 1 were positively associated with the “social pressure to eat” score of ChEAT. Leptin levels in girls at TS 4 were positively correlated with the “restraint eating” score of DEBQ, and the “dieting”, “body image” and “food awareness” scores of ChEAT. After adjustment for TS and BMI, only “body image” and leptin remained significant. Further research may shed light on how these hormonal changes affect eating behaviors at various pubertal stages, contributing to “TS-specific” preventive strategies for eating disorders in girls.
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24
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Garbett KM, Lewis-Smith H, Chaudhry A, Uglik-Marucha N, Vitoratou S, Shroff H, Dhillon M, Diedrichs PC. Cultural adaptation and validation of the Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents for use in English among adolescents in urban India. Body Image 2021; 37:246-254. [PMID: 33743264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Body image research is growing in India; however, there are no psychometrically valid measures to assess body image concerns among an Indian population. In this study, the Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents (BESAA) underwent adaptation and validation among urban Indian adolescents in English. Cultural adaptations were made in consultation with body image experts and acceptability interviews with adolescents in India. 1462 adolescents living in Northern India completed the adapted BESAA and measures to assess construct validity. For girls, a 15-item three-factor model provided the best fit to our data, using exploratory factor analysis, with 'Appearance-Negative', 'Appearance-Positive', and 'Weight' subscales. For boys, a 7-item two-factor model provided best fit, with 'Appearance-Negative' and 'Appearance-Positive' subscales. Models were confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis. The scales demonstrated good internal consistency and satisfactory test-retest reliability. Construct, convergent validity was supported for girls and boys through significant correlations with figure rating scales and disordered eating. Further analyses using common items across the female and male scales, produced a psychometrically sound scale that can be used comparatively across genders. This study presents a culturally adapted, shortened BESAA as a valid and reliable measure to assess body image concerns in English among urban Indian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Garbett
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Helena Lewis-Smith
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Silia Vitoratou
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a school-based body image intervention in urban India: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Body Image 2021; 37:282-290. [PMID: 33813345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study evaluated the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a culturally adapted school-based body image intervention, Dove Confident Me, for use in urban India. Two private schools in New Delhi were randomly assigned at the school level to receive either the five-session intervention facilitated by trained psychologists or lessons-as-usual (control). Participants were Year 7 students (N = 166; Mage = 11.9 years). Students, facilitators, and observing teachers, provided acceptability feedback. Fidelity was assessed. Body image and related measures were completed by students in a classroom setting at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and two-month follow-up. Most students enjoyed (73.7 %) and understood (84.2 %) the intervention. Facilitators (90 %) and observing teachers (70 %) reported that the learning objectives were achieved. Adherence and facilitator competence were rated as very good. Body esteem improved significantly among intervention students at post-intervention and follow-up (Cohen's ds = .45-.46), relative to control students. Positive affect also improved at post-intervention (d = .58). No significant effects on internalisation, life engagement, eating pathology, self-esteem, or negative affect emerged. This study provides evidence for the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of Dove Confident Me in urban India. Intervention refinements to increase acceptability and efficacy are recommended.
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Lewis-Smith H, Garbett K, Chaudhry A, Uglik-Marucha N, Vitoratou S, Dhillon M, Shroff H, Diedrichs PC. Adaptation and validation of the Internalisation-General subscale of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) in English among urban Indian adolescents. Body Image 2021; 36:254-262. [PMID: 33401203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have validated body image related measures in Asian countries, including in India, thus stunting research progress. To provide a robust method of assessing internalisation of cultural appearance ideals, the purpose of this study was to validate a culturally appropriate English version of the Internalisation-General subscale from the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Attitudes Questionnaire-3 among a school sample of 1,432 urban Indian adolescents (Mage = 12.9 years; 44 % girls). Exploratory factor analyses revealed a one-factor solution for both girls and boys. Analyses indicated a six-item scale for girls and a four-item scale for boys; both of which were verified by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was high for both female (.88) and male scales (.87), and convergent validity was confirmed via significant correlations with measures of body esteem and disordered eating. Using the items which were common in both the male and female versions of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis supported a psychometrically sound model that was gender invariant, and thus can be used to assess and compare both genders. Overall, results support the reliability and validity of the Internalisation-General subscale among English-speaking urban Indian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lewis-Smith
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Kirsty Garbett
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
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"Girls Aren't Meant to Exercise": Perceived Influences on Physical Activity among Adolescent Girls-The HERizon Project. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8010031. [PMID: 33430413 PMCID: PMC7827342 DOI: 10.3390/children8010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background. Adolescent girls are less active than boys, with approximately 10% of girls in Ireland and the United Kingdom meeting the minimum recommended daily physical activity (PA) guidelines. This study investigated factors perceived to influence PA among adolescent girls from low socioeconomic areas in order to inform the design of a future intervention (The HERizon Project). Methods. A total of 48 adolescent girls (13–18 years) from low socioeconomic areas of the United Kingdom and Ireland participated in focus groups (n = 8), to explore perspectives of physical activity and the influence of gender within this. Focus groups were thematically analyzed and interpreted within a socioecological framework. Results. Most girls enjoyed PA and were aware of its benefits. They identified both barriers and facilitators to PA at intrapersonal (fear of judgement and changing priorities WITH age), interpersonal (changing social pressures and support from others) and organizational (delivery of PE) levels. Gender inequality was a multilevel factor, crossing all socioecological levels. Conclusion. Although many adolescent girls enjoy PA, their experiences appear to be limited by a fear of judgement and an overarching sense of gender inequality. Future interventions, such as the HERizon Project, should address influences at intrapersonal, interpersonal and organizational levels to promote positive PA experiences for adolescent girls.
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Gaiha SM, Taylor Salisbury T, Koschorke M, Raman U, Petticrew M. Stigma associated with mental health problems among young people in India: a systematic review of magnitude, manifestations and recommendations. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:538. [PMID: 33198678 PMCID: PMC7667785 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, 20% of young people experience mental disorders. In India, only 7.3% of its 365 million youth report such problems. Although public stigma associated with mental health problems particularly affects help-seeking among young people, the extent of stigma among young people in India is unknown. Describing and characterizing public stigma among young people will inform targeted interventions to address such stigma in India, and globally. Thus, we examined the magnitude and manifestations of public stigma, and synthesised evidence of recommendations to reduce mental-health-related stigma among young people in India. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted. Nine electronic databases were searched and 30 studies (n = 6767) met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Most studies (66%) focused on youth training to become health professionals. One-third of young people display poor knowledge of mental health problems and negative attitudes towards people with mental health problems and one in five had actual/intended stigmatizing behavior (I2>=95%). Young people are unable to recognize causes and symptoms of mental health problems and believe that recovery is unlikely. People with mental health problems are perceived as dangerous and irresponsible, likely due to misinformation and misunderstanding of mental health problems as being solely comprised of severe mental disorders (e.g. schizophrenia). However, psychiatric labels are not commonly used/understood. CONCLUSION Public education may use symptomatic vignettes (through relatable language and visuals) instead of psychiatric labels to improve young people's understanding of the range of mental health problems. Recommended strategies to reduce public stigma include awareness campaigns integrated with educational institutions and content relevant to culture and age-appropriate social roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Mathur Gaiha
- Indian Institute of Public Health- Hyderabad, Public Health Foundation of India, Hyderabad, India.
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Tatiana Taylor Salisbury
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Mirja Koschorke
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Usha Raman
- Department of Communication, Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Martínez-García C, Parra-Martínez C, Parra ÁT, Martínez-García TE, Alameda-Bailén JR. Iowa Gambling Task and Distortion in Perception of Body Image Among Adolescent Women With Eating Disorders. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2223. [PMID: 32982892 PMCID: PMC7488598 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Iowa gambling task (IGT) is an instrument for the neuropsychological evaluation of cognitive and emotional decision making (DM) processes that was created to test the somatic marker hypothesis (SMH) described by Damasio in 1994. It was initially applied to patients with frontal lobe lesions due to its association with executive functions but was subsequently used on patients with a variety of disorders. Although the DM process is inherently perceptual, few studies have applied the IGT to examine DM processes in patients with eating disorders (EDs), and even fewer have associated the IGT to the perceptual distortion of body image (PDBI) in this population. People diagnosed with ED exhibit heightened control over their somatic responses-for example, they can delay digestion for hours-and DM may be affected in this condition. This study compares the performance of two samples of adolescent women-hospitalized patients with ED, and healthy controls with similar demographic characteristics-on the IGT using body image as a possible factor in the SMH. Seventy-four women with a mean age of 14.97 years (SD = 2.347) participated. To analyze their body self-image, we used the figure-rating scale and compared the results with their body mass index (BMI). Correlations between indices of the IGT and distortion in body image were then explored. The results revealed significant differences between the groups in terms of evolving performance on the partial IGT. Patients with ED performed worse than their healthy counterparts in the last 40 trials and exhibited greater distortions in their body image, especially in terms of overestimation. Indices of these distortions were negatively correlated with the total IGT. These results are compatible with the SMH because they suggest that patients with ED evinced blindness with regard to the future, as described by their authors. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the IGT and PDBI, showing that a more distorted body image was associated with lower IGT, that is, more disadvantageous or riskier decisions were made by the subjects with more distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concha Martínez-García
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Cecilio Parra-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Research Center for Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ángel T. Parra
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Tebar WR, Gil FCS, Scarabottolo CC, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA, Christofaro DGD. Body size dissatisfaction associated with dietary pattern, overweight, and physical activity in adolescents: A cross‐sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 22:749-757. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Tebar
- Movement Sciences Post‐Graduation Program Sao Paulo State University Presidente Prudente Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. S. Gil
- Physiotherapy Post‐Graduation Program Sao Paulo State University Presidente Prudente Brazil
| | | | - Jamile S. Codogno
- Movement Sciences Post‐Graduation Program Sao Paulo State University Presidente Prudente Brazil
- Physiotherapy Post‐Graduation Program Sao Paulo State University Presidente Prudente Brazil
| | - Romulo A. Fernandes
- Movement Sciences Post‐Graduation Program Sao Paulo State University Presidente Prudente Brazil
- Physiotherapy Post‐Graduation Program Sao Paulo State University Presidente Prudente Brazil
| | - Diego G. D. Christofaro
- Movement Sciences Post‐Graduation Program Sao Paulo State University Presidente Prudente Brazil
- Physiotherapy Post‐Graduation Program Sao Paulo State University Presidente Prudente Brazil
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Exploring Rural Adolescents' Dietary Diversity and Its Socioeconomic Correlates: A Cross-Sectional Study from Matlab, Bangladesh. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082230. [PMID: 32722644 PMCID: PMC7468778 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of 36 million Bangladeshi adolescents live in rural areas. Improved understanding of their dietary patterns is of great public health importance. This study aimed to explore dietary diversity (DD) with its socioeconomic and gender stratification in a rural adolescent cohort and to isolate factors associated with inadequate DD. Household survey provided data for constructing dietary diversity scores (DDS) and assessing relevant socio-demographic variables. Final analysis included 2463 adolescents. Means and proportions were compared, and a binary logistic regression model was fitted. Inadequate DD was observed among 42.3% (40.3–44.2). Consumption of nutrient-rich foods varied significantly across gender and SES categories. Belonging to the poorest households (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.59; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.00) and food insecure households (aOR 1.34; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.59), adolescents’ attainment of secondary education (aOR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.71), and having mothers with secondary education or above (aOR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.96) were associated with inadequate DD. Compared with girls from food secure households, girls from food insecure ones had higher odds of inadequate DD (aORgirl 1.42; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.81). Improving rural adolescents’ DD would require targeted interventions as well as broader poverty alleviation.
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Santana DD, Cunha DB, Sichieri R, Veiga GVD. Association of body image dissatisfaction with body mass index trajectory: the Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study cohort. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To examine the association of body image dissatisfaction (BID) with body mass index (BMI) trajectory among students from a metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Methods Data were analyzed for 809 middle school students followed from 2010 to 2013, and 1131 high school students followed from 2010 to 2012. BID was assessed using a body silhouettes scale. Type of school (public and private) was used as a proxy of socioeconomic status. Results In the middle school cohort, girls from private schools who wanted to have smaller and bigger silhouettes gained fewer BMI units than those who were satisfied with their body image ( p < 0.05). In the high school, girls from private schools who wished to have bigger and smaller silhouettes experienced greater BMI increase than girls who were satisfied with their body image ( p < 0.05). Also, in the high school cohort, boys from public schools who wished to have smaller and bigger silhouettes experienced smaller BMI increase than boys who were satisfied ( p < 0.05). Conclusion BID may be related to the BMI trajectory in girls from private schools and in boys from public schools.
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Influence of Body Dissatisfaction on the Self-Esteem of Brazilian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103536. [PMID: 32443611 PMCID: PMC7277234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: The present study investigated the influence of body dissatisfaction (BD) on the self-esteem of Brazilian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1011 students at public and private schools in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. The body shape questionnaire and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale were applied. Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation, the odds ratio and binary logistic regression were used. Results: The rate of low self-esteem was 33.8% in the adolescents; 27.8% of the adolescents presented some degree of BD, with severe BD in 5.8%. A significant low negative correlation was found between self-esteem and BD in all the adolescents. In the Odds Ratio analysis, it was observed that the odds of having low self-esteem increased in adolescents with BD as compared to adolescents without BD, being 3.85 times higher in females (CI 95%, 2.12–6.99), 2.83 times higher in males (CI 95%, 1.22–6.58), 5.79 times higher in adolescents attending public schools (CI 95% 2.06–16.26), and 2.96 times higher in adolescents attending private schools (CI 95%, 1.79–4.88). Conclusions: Low self-esteem affected one-third of the adolescents, both male and female. BD and education in public schools are predictor variables of low self-esteem in adolescents.
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Using Reflective Teaching Program to Explore Health-Promoting Behaviors in Nursing Students. J Nurs Res 2019; 28:e86. [PMID: 31851038 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The attitudes of nurses toward health promotion affect patients. However, current classroom teaching does not provide nursing students with actual experiences. An experiential and reflective teaching design will help nursing students practice actual health behaviors and record their feelings. This will help nursing students better understand the difficulties and feelings experienced by nurses when encouraging patients to make behavioral changes in clinical settings. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the experiences and factors affecting health-promoting learning with reflective teaching in nursing students. METHODS This explorative study integrated the "reflective assessment, engagement, and action-reflection" strategy of reflective teaching into the standard health-promotion teaching curriculum to understand the experiences of nursing students when executing health-promoting behaviors. Fifty-seven second-year nursing students from a university in northern Taiwan participated in this course, which was conducted between September 2017 and January 2018. The data were collected from the contents of the reflective journals written by the nursing students and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The three health-promoting behaviors performed by most of the students were regular exercise, balanced and healthy diet, and adequate daily water intake. The feelings experienced by the nursing students during the execution of health-promoting behaviors included easier said than done, compromise and adjustment, and continuation of health behaviors. Accommodation, peer encouragement, and support were important, facilitating factors of health-promoting behaviors in this study. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The results of this study may serve as a reference for nursing lecturers when employing reflective teaching in the classroom. Reflective teaching designs for actual experiences help nursing students experience the crucial factors and benefits of executing health-promoting behaviors.
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