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Arendrup MC, Armstrong-James D, Borman AM, Denning DW, Fisher MC, Gorton R, Maertens J, Martin-Loeches I, Mehra V, Mercier T, Price J, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Wake R, Andrews N, White PL. The Impact of the Fungal Priority Pathogens List on Medical Mycology: A Northern European Perspective. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae372. [PMID: 39045012 PMCID: PMC11263880 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases represent a considerable global health concern, affecting >1 billion people annually. In response to this growing challenge, the World Health Organization introduced the pivotal fungal priority pathogens list (FPPL) in late 2022. The FPPL highlights the challenges in estimating the global burden of fungal diseases and antifungal resistance (AFR), as well as limited surveillance capabilities and lack of routine AFR testing. Furthermore, training programs should incorporate sufficient information on fungal diseases, necessitating global advocacy to educate health care professionals and scientists. Established international guidelines and the FPPL are vital in strengthening local guidance on tackling fungal diseases. Future iterations of the FPPL have the potential to refine the list further, addressing its limitations and advancing our collective ability to combat fungal diseases effectively. Napp Pharmaceuticals Limited (Mundipharma UK) organized a workshop with key experts from Northern Europe to discuss the impact of the FPPL on regional clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiken Cavling Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew M Borman
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - David W Denning
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Global Action For Fungal Infections, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew C Fisher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Gorton
- Department of Infection Sciences, Health Services Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Johan Maertens
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERes, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Varun Mehra
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Toine Mercier
- Department of Oncology-Hematology, AZ Sint-Maarten, Mechelen, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessica Price
- Public Health Wales Mycology Reference Laboratory, UHW, Cardiff, UK
| | - Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester (MRCM), ECMM Excellence Centre of Medical Mycology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Wake
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Natalie Andrews
- Napp Pharmaceuticals Limited, a member of the Mundipharma network of independent associated companies, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Lewis White
- Public Health Wales Mycology Reference Laboratory, UHW, Cardiff, UK
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Garcia-Bustos V, Rosario Medina I, Cabañero Navalón MD, Ruiz Gaitán AC, Pemán J, Acosta-Hernández B. Candida spp. in Cetaceans: Neglected Emerging Challenges in Marine Ecosystems. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1128. [PMID: 38930510 PMCID: PMC11205550 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans, which are crucial in marine ecosystems, act as sentinels for ecosystem and human-environmental health. However, emerging fungal infections, particularly by Candida spp., pose a growing concern in these marine mammals. This review consolidates current knowledge on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, species distribution, and antifungal resistance of Candida infections in cetaceans. We detail the diverse pathogenic impacts of Candida, including respiratory, dermal, and systemic afflictions, underscoring diagnostic and treatment challenges amid rising antifungal resistance. Our analysis extends beyond health concerns in captive cetaceans, where confinement stress heightens vulnerability, to encompass substantial ecological risks in wild populations. The review emphasizes the One Health perspective, linking cetacean health with broader environmental and human public health issues. We particularly focus on the potential zoonotic transmission of emerging fungal pathogens such as Candida auris and the role of environmental changes in fostering antifungal resistance. The study underscores the need for concerted, interdisciplinary efforts in veterinary, medical, and environmental sciences to enhance understanding and management of Candida infections in cetaceans. We advocate for comprehensive monitoring and collaborative research initiatives to mitigate the rising challenge of these infections. Addressing Candida spp. in cetaceans is not just a conservation priority but a critical step in safeguarding overall marine health and, by extension, human health in the context of evolving infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Garcia-Bustos
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain;
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Inmaculada Rosario Medina
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain;
| | - Marta Dafne Cabañero Navalón
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Alba Cecilia Ruiz Gaitán
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Javier Pemán
- Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.C.N.); (A.C.R.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain;
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de Oliveira HC, Santos MDM, Camillo-Andrade AC, Castelli RF, Dos Reis FCG, Carvalho PC, Rodrigues ML. Proteomics reveals that the antifungal activity of fenbendazole against Cryptococcus neoformans requires protein kinases. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107157. [PMID: 38548248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is responsible for over 100 000 deaths annually, and the treatment of this fungal disease is expensive and not consistently effective. Unveiling new therapeutic avenues is crucial. Previous studies have suggested that the anthelmintic drug fenbendazole is an affordable and nontoxic candidate to combat cryptococcosis. However, its mechanism of anticryptococcal activity has been only superficially investigated. In this study, we examined the global cellular response of C. neoformans to fenbendazole using a proteomic approach (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD047041). Fenbendazole treatment mostly impacted the abundance of proteins related to metabolic pathways, RNA processing, and intracellular traffic. Protein kinases, in particular, were significantly affected by fenbendazole treatment. Experimental validation of the proteomics data using a collection of C. neoformans mutants led to the identification of critical roles of five protein kinases in fenbendazole's antifungal activity. In fact, mutants lacking the expression of genes encoding Chk1, Tco2, Tco3, Bub1, and Sch9 kinases demonstrated greater resistance to fenbendazole compared to wild-type cells. In combination with the standard antifungal drug amphotericin B, fenbendazole reduced the cryptococcal burden in mice. These findings not only contribute to the elucidation of fenbendazole's mode of action but also support its use in combination therapy with amphotericin B. In conclusion, our data suggest that fenbendazole holds promise for further development as an anticryptococcal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlon D M Santos
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil; Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit. IIBCE/Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Amanda C Camillo-Andrade
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil; Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit. IIBCE/Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael F Castelli
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flavia C G Dos Reis
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil; Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Carvalho
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcio L Rodrigues
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Cosio T, Pica F, Fontana C, Pistoia ES, Favaro M, Valsecchi I, Zarabian N, Campione E, Botterel F, Gaziano R. Stephanoascus ciferrii Complex: The Current State of Infections and Drug Resistance in Humans. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:294. [PMID: 38667965 PMCID: PMC11050938 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of fungal infections in humans has increased dramatically, accompanied by an expansion in the number of species implicated as etiological agents, especially environmental fungi never involved before in human infection. Among fungal pathogens, Candida species are the most common opportunistic fungi that can cause local and systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most common causative agent of mucosal and healthcare-associated systemic infections. However, during recent decades, there has been a worrying increase in the number of emerging multi-drug-resistant non-albicans Candida (NAC) species, i.e., C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. auris, and C. ciferrii. In particular, Candida ciferrii, also known as Stephanoascus ciferrii or Trichomonascus ciferrii, is a heterothallic ascomycete yeast-like fungus that has received attention in recent decades as a cause of local and systemic fungal diseases. Today, the new definition of the S. ciferrii complex, which consists of S. ciferrii, Candida allociferrii, and Candida mucifera, was proposed after sequencing the 18S rRNA gene. Currently, the S. ciferrii complex is mostly associated with non-severe ear and eye infections, although a few cases of severe candidemia have been reported in immunocompromised individuals. Low susceptibility to currently available antifungal drugs is a rising concern, especially in NAC species. In this regard, a high rate of resistance to azoles and more recently also to echinocandins has emerged in the S. ciferrii complex. This review focuses on epidemiological, biological, and clinical aspects of the S. ciferrii complex, including its pathogenicity and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terenzio Cosio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (E.S.P.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Pica
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (E.S.P.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Carla Fontana
- Laboratory of Microbiology and BioBank, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S., 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Salvatore Pistoia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (E.S.P.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Marco Favaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (E.S.P.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Isabel Valsecchi
- DYNAMYC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France; (I.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Nikkia Zarabian
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Françoise Botterel
- DYNAMYC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France; (I.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberta Gaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (E.S.P.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
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Asgaonkar KD, Chitre TS, Patil SM, Shevate KS, Sagar AK, Ghate DD, Shah PA. Green Chemistry and In silico Techniques for Synthesis of Novel Pyranopyrazole and Pyrazolo-pyrano-pyrimidine Derivatives as Promising Antifungal Agents. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 19:216-231. [PMID: 38317465 DOI: 10.2174/0127724344269458231124123935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every year Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI) are globally affecting millions of people. Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger have been reported as the most infectious and mortality-inducing fungal strains among all pathogenic fungi. AIMS & OBJECTIVES To tackle this problem in the current study Pyranopyrazoles and Pyrazolopyrano- pyrimidine derivatives were developed using molecular hybridization, green chemistry and one-pot multicomponent reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present work, New Chemical entities (NCE's) were developed on the basis of Structure activity relationship. All designed NCE's were screened for ADMET studies using the QikProp module of Schrodinger software. NCE's with zero violations were further docked on the crystal structure of 14α demethylase, cytochrome P450 and thymidine synthase (PDB ID: 5V5Z, 7SHI, 1BID). Selected molecules were synthesized using green chemistry techniques and evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Designed NCE's (B1-12 and C1-11) showed favorable results in ADMET studies. In the docking study six compounds from series-B and five molecules from series- C showed good dock score and binding interaction when compared with the standard drugs. Compounds B-3 and C-4 showed the highest zone of inhibition activity against Candida albicans, where as B-1 and C-3 had shown highest zone of inhibition activity against Aspergillus niger. CONCLUSION Bicyclic ring (series B) showed better activity as compare to fused tricyclic ring (series C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Dhirendra Asgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society's College of Pharmacy, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Trupti Sameer Chitre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society's College of Pharmacy, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shital Manoj Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society's College of Pharmacy, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krishna Sambhajirao Shevate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society's College of Pharmacy, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwini Kishan Sagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society's College of Pharmacy, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dipti Dattatray Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society's College of Pharmacy, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parth Anil Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society's College of Pharmacy, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
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Roberts JA, Kapadia RK, Pastula DM, Thakur KT. Public health trends in neurologically relevant infections: a global perspective. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2024; 11:20499361241274206. [PMID: 39301451 PMCID: PMC11412215 DOI: 10.1177/20499361241274206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinfectious diseases represent a growing threat to public health globally. Infections of the central nervous system remain challenging to diagnose and treat, partially driven by the fact that a high proportion of emerging pathogens are capable of causing neurological disease. Many of the trends driving the emergence of novel pathogens, including climate change, ecological degradation, urbanization, and global travel, have accelerated in recent years. These circumstances raise concern for the potential emergence of additional pathogens of pandemic potential in the coming years, necessitating a stronger understanding of the forces that give rise to the emergence and spread of neuroinvasive pathogens and a commitment to public health infrastructure to identify and treat these diseases. In this review, we discuss the clinical and epidemiological features of three types of emerging neuroinvasive pathogens of significant public health consequences that are emblematic of key ongoing trends in global health. We first discuss dengue viruses in the context of climate change, considering the environmental factors that allow for the expansion of the geographic range and seasonal population of the viruses' vector. We then review the rising prevalence of fungal meningitis secondary to medical tourism, a trend representative of the highly globalized nature of modern healthcare. Lastly, we discuss the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant neurological infections driven by the intersection of antibiotic overuse in medical and agricultural settings. Taken together, the rising prevalence of these conditions necessitates a recommitment to investment in public health infrastructure focused on local and global infectious disease surveillance coupled with ongoing development of novel therapeutics and vaccines for emerging pathogens. Such emerging threats also obviate the need to address the root causes driving the emergence of novel infectious diseases, including a sustained effort to address anthropogenic climate change and environmental degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson A Roberts
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronak K Kapadia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel M Pastula
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kiran T Thakur
- Program in Neuroinfectious Diseases, Division of Critical Care and Hospitalist Neurology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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da Silva Gebara R, da Silva MS, Calixto SD, Simão TLBV, Zeraik AE, Lassounskaia E, Muzitano MF, Petretski JH, Gomes VM, de Oliveira Carvalho A. Antifungal, Antimycobacterial, Protease and α‒Amylase Inhibitory Activities of a Novel Serine Bifunctional Protease Inhibitor from Adenanthera pavonina L. Seeds. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10194-z. [PMID: 38117407 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal resistance poses a significant challenge to disease management, necessitating the development of novel drugs. Antimicrobial peptides offer potential solutions. This study focused on extraction and characterization of peptides from Adenanthera pavonina seeds with activity against Candida species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, proteases, and α-amylases. Peptides were extracted in phosphate buffer and heated at 90°C for 10 min to create a peptide rich heated fraction (PRHF). After confirming antimicrobial activity and the presence of peptides, the PRHF underwent ion exchange chromatography, yielding retained and non-retained fractions. These fractions were evaluated for antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against murine macrophages. The least toxic and most active fraction underwent reversed-phase chromatography, resulting in ten fractions. These fractions were tested for peptides and antimicrobial activity. The most active fraction was rechromatographed on a reversed-phase column, resulting in two fractions that were assessed for antimicrobial activity. The most active fraction revealed a single band of approximately 6 kDa and was tested for inhibitory effects on proteases and α-amylases. Thermal stability experiments were conducted on the 6 kDa peptide at different temperatures followed by reassessment of antifungal activity and circular dichroism. The 6 kDa peptide inhibited yeasts, M. tuberculosis, human salivary and Tenebrio molitor larvae intestine α-amylases, and proteolytic activity from fungal extracts, and thus named ApPI. Remarkably, ApPI retained antifungal activity and conformation after heating and is primarily composed of α-helices. ApPI is a thermally stable serine protease/α-amylase inhibitor from A. pavonina seeds, offering promise as a foundational molecule for innovative therapeutic agents against fungal infections and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo da Silva Gebara
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marciele Souza da Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sanderson Dias Calixto
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thatiana Lopes Biá Ventura Simão
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Eliza Zeraik
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteinas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Lassounskaia
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michelle Frazão Muzitano
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, 27933-378, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Hudson Petretski
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valdirene Moreira Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - André de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil.
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Mudenda S, Matafwali SK, Mukosha M, Daka V, Chabalenge B, Chizimu J, Yamba K, Mufwambi W, Banda P, Chisha P, Mulenga F, Phiri M, Mfune RL, Kasanga M, Sartelli M, Saleem Z, Godman B. Antifungal resistance and stewardship: a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey among pharmacy students at the University of Zambia; findings and implications. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad141. [PMID: 38130703 PMCID: PMC10733812 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antifungal resistance (AFR) is a growing global public health concern. Little is currently known about knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding AFR and antifungal stewardship (AFS) in Zambia, and across the globe. To address this evidence gap, we conducted a study through a questionnaire design starting with pharmacy students as they include the next generation of healthcare professionals. Methods A cross-sectional study among 412 pharmacy students from June 2023 to July 2023 using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was used to determine key factors of influence. Results Of the 412 participants, 55.8% were female, with 81.6% aged between 18 and 25 years. Most students had good knowledge (85.9%) and positive attitudes (86.7%) but sub-optimal practices (65.8%) towards AFR and AFS. Overall, 30.2% of students accessed antifungals without a prescription. Male students were less likely to report a good knowledge of AFR (adjusted OR, AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.98). Similarly, students residing in urban areas were less likely to report a positive attitude (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-0.91). Fourth-year students were also less likely to report good practices compared with second-year students (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.85). Conclusions Good knowledge and positive attitudes must translate into good practices toward AFR and AFS going forward. Consequently, there is a need to provide educational interventions where students have low scores regarding AFR and AFS. In addition, there is a need to implement strategies to reduce inappropriate dispensing of antifungals, especially without a prescription, to reduce AFR in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Scott Kaba Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola PO Box 71191, Zambia
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka PO Box 31890, Zambia
| | - Joseph Chizimu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kaunda Yamba
- Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Webrod Mufwambi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Patrick Banda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Patience Chisha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka PO Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Florence Mulenga
- Conservation Department, World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF Zambia Country Office), Lusaka PO Box 50551, Zambia
| | - McLawrence Phiri
- Department of Pharmacy, Maina Soko Medical Center, Woodlands, Lusaka PO Box 320091, Zambia
| | - Ruth Lindizyani Mfune
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Maisa Kasanga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhengzhou University, College of Public Health, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | | | - Zikria Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Brian Godman
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Choudhury QJ, Ambati S, Link CD, Lin X, Lewis ZA, Meagher RB. Dectin-3-targeted antifungal liposomes efficiently bind and kill diverse fungal pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:723-739. [PMID: 37800599 PMCID: PMC10823756 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
DectiSomes are anti-infective drug-loaded liposomes targeted to pathogenic cells by pathogen receptors including the Dectins. We have previously used C-type lectin (CTL) pathogen receptors Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and DC-SIGN to target DectiSomes to the extracellular oligoglycans surrounding diverse pathogenic fungi and kill them. Dectin-3 (also known as MCL, CLEC4D) is a CTL pathogen receptor whose known cognate ligands are partly distinct from other CTLs. We expressed and purified a truncated Dectin-3 polypeptide (DEC3) comprised of its carbohydrate recognition domain and stalk region. We prepared amphotericin B (AmB)-loaded pegylated liposomes (AmB-LLs) and coated them with this isoform of Dectin-3 (DEC3-AmB-LLs), and we prepared control liposomes coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA-AmB-LLs). DEC3-AmB-LLs bound to the exopolysaccharide matrices of Candida albicans, Rhizopus delemar (formerly known as R. oryzae), and Cryptococcus neoformans from one to several orders of magnitude more strongly than untargeted AmB-LLs or BSA-AmB-LLs. The data from our quantitative fluorescent binding assays were standardized using a CellProfiler program, AreaPipe, that was developed for this purpose. Consistent with enhanced binding, DEC3-AmB-LLs inhibited and/or killed C. albicans and R. delemar more efficiently than control liposomes and significantly reduced the effective dose of AmB. In conclusion, Dectin-3 targeting has the potential to advance our goal of building pan-antifungal DectiSomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Ambati
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Collin D. Link
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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10
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Singh A, Singh K, Sharma A, Kaur K, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Recent advances in antifungal drug development targeting lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51): A comprehensive review with structural and molecular insights. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:606-639. [PMID: 37220949 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections are posing serious threat to healthcare system due to emerging resistance among available antifungal agents. Among available antifungal agents in clinical practice, azoles (diazole, 1,2,4-triazole and tetrazole) remained most effective and widely prescribed antifungal agents. Now their associated side effects and emerging resistance pattern raised a need of new and potent antifungal agents. Lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) is responsible for the oxidative removal of 14α-methyl group of sterol precursors lanosterol and 24(28)-methylene-24,25-dihydrolanosterol in ergosterol biosynthesis hence an essential component of fungal life cycle and prominent target for antifungal drug development. This review will shed light on various azole- as well as non-azoles-based derivatives as potential antifungal agents that target fungal CYP51. Review will provide deep insight about structure activity relationship, pharmacological outcomes, and interactions of derivatives with CYP51 at molecular level. It will help medicinal chemists working on antifungal development in designing more rational, potent, and safer antifungal agents by targeting fungal CYP51 for tackling emerging antifungal drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Drug and Pollution testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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11
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Dutta S, Ray U. Paratracheal abscess by plant fungus Chondrostereum purpureum- first case report of human infection. Med Mycol Case Rep 2023; 40:30-32. [PMID: 36950374 PMCID: PMC10025813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrostereum purpureum, is a plant fungus causing silver leaf disease of plants, particularly of the rose family. Here we report a case of paratracheal abscess caused by C. purpureum. This is a first of its kind of a case wherein this plant fungus caused disease in a human. Conventional techniques (microscopy and culture) failed to identify the fungus. Only by sequencing, the identity of this unusual pathogen could be revealed. This case highlights the potential of environmental plant fungi to cause disease in humans and stresses the importance of molecular techniques to identify the causative fungal species.
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12
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Suvvari TK. A fungus among us: The strange tale of Chondrostereum Purpureum - A plant pathogen that found a new home in humans: A correspondence. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 53:101143. [PMID: 37275510 PMCID: PMC10232354 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
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13
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Meagher RB, Lewis ZA, Ambati S, Lin X. DectiSomes: C-type lectin receptor-targeted liposomes as pan-antifungal drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114776. [PMID: 36934519 PMCID: PMC10133202 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Combatting the ever-increasing threat from invasive fungal pathogens faces numerous fundamental challenges, including constant human exposure to large reservoirs of species in the environment, the increasing population of immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals, the unsatisfactory efficacy of current antifungal drugs and their associated toxicity, and the scientific and economic barriers limiting a new antifungal pipeline. DectiSomes represent a new drug delivery platform that enhances antifungal efficacy for diverse fungal pathogens and reduces host toxicity for current and future antifungals. DectiSomes employ pathogen receptor proteins - C-type lectins - to target drug-loaded liposomes to conserved fungal cognate ligands and away from host cells. DectiSomes represent one leap forward for urgently needed effective pan-antifungal therapy. Herein, we discuss the problems of battling fungal diseases and the state of DectiSome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Meagher
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zachary A Lewis
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Suresh Ambati
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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de Oliveira H, Bezerra BT, Rodrigues ML. Antifungal Development and the Urgency of Minimizing the Impact of Fungal Diseases on Public Health. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:137-146. [PMID: 37101810 PMCID: PMC10125384 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a major public health problem resulting from the lack of public policies addressing these diseases, toxic and/or expensive therapeutic tools, scarce diagnostic tests, and unavailable vaccines. In this Perspective, we discuss the need for novel antifungal alternatives, highlighting new initiatives based on drug repurposing and the development of novel antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara T. Bezerra
- Instituto
Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba81310-020, Brazil
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto
Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba81310-020, Brazil
- Instituto
de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro21941-902, Brazil
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15
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Rabaan AA, Sulaiman T, Al-Ahmed SH, Buhaliqah ZA, Buhaliqah AA, AlYuosof B, Alfaresi M, Al Fares MA, Alwarthan S, Alkathlan MS, Almaghrabi RS, Abuzaid AA, Altowaileb JA, Al Ibrahim M, AlSalman EM, Alsalman F, Alghounaim M, Bueid AS, Al-Omari A, Mohapatra RK. Potential Strategies to Control the Risk of Antifungal Resistance in Humans: A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030608. [PMID: 36978475 PMCID: PMC10045400 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are becoming one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in people with weakened immune systems. Mycoses are becoming more common, despite greater knowledge and better treatment methods, due to the regular emergence of resistance to the antifungal medications used in clinical settings. Antifungal therapy is the mainstay of patient management for acute and chronic mycoses. However, the limited availability of antifungal drug classes limits the range of available treatments. Additionally, several drawbacks to treating mycoses include unfavourable side effects, a limited activity spectrum, a paucity of targets, and fungal resistance, all of which continue to be significant issues in developing antifungal drugs. The emergence of antifungal drug resistance has eliminated accessible drug classes as treatment choices, which significantly compromises the clinical management of fungal illnesses. In some situations, the emergence of strains resistant to many antifungal medications is a major concern. Although new medications have been developed to address this issue, antifungal drug resistance has grown more pronounced, particularly in patients who need long-term care or are undergoing antifungal prophylaxis. Moreover, the mechanisms that cause resistance must be well understood, including modifications in drug target affinities and abundances, along with biofilms and efflux pumps that diminish intracellular drug levels, to find novel antifungal drugs and drug targets. In this review, different classes of antifungal agents, and their resistance mechanisms, have been discussed. The latter part of the review focuses on the strategies by which we can overcome this serious issue of antifungal resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Tarek Sulaiman
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsah H Al-Ahmed
- Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab A Buhaliqah
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Healthcare Center, Dammam 32433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Buhaliqah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthina AlYuosof
- Directorate of Public Health, Dammam Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi 3740, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona A Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alwarthan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alkathlan
- Infectious Diseases Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah 52382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S Almaghrabi
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A Abuzaid
- Medical Microbiology Department, Security Forces Hospital Programme, Dammam 32314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Altowaileb
- Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al Ibrahim
- Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M AlSalman
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Health Care Centers, Qatif Health Network, Qatif 31911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alsalman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oyun City Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36312, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed S Bueid
- Microbiology Laboratory, King Faisal General Hospital, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Al-Omari
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, India
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16
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Garcia-Bustos V, Cabañero-Navalon MD, Ruiz-Gaitán A, Salavert M, Tormo-Mas MÁ, Pemán J. Climate change, animals, and Candida auris: insights into the ecological niche of a new species from a one health approach. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023:S1198-743X(23)00132-5. [PMID: 36934871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most puzzling traits of Candida auris is the recent simultaneous and independent emergence of five genetically distinct clades on three continents. Global warming has been proposed as a contributing factor for this emergence due to C. auris high thermotolerance compared to phylogenetically close Candida species. This hypothesis postulates that climate change induced an environmental ancestor to become pathogenic through thermal adaptation and was then globally disseminated by an intermediate host. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to compile the current knowledge on the emergence and ecological environmental niches of C. auris, and highlight the potential role of animals in transmission. SOURCES A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from May 2022 to January 2023. CONTENT We discuss the up-to-date data on the ecological niches of this fungus and its mechanisms of emergence, transmission cycle in nature, and worldwide dissemination. We highlight the possibility of an originally intermediate host possibly related to marine or freshwater ecosystems on the basis of recent molecular and microbiological evidence from a One Health perspective. The consequences of harmful human impacts on the environment in the raise of new fungal pathogenic species such as C. auris are also analysed and compared to other animal precedents. IMPLICATIONS The present knowledge can prompt the generation of new evidence on the ecological reservoirs of C. auris and its original mechanisms of environmental or interspecies transmission. Further research on the highlighted gaps will help to understand the importance of the relationships between human, animal, and ecosystem health, as factors involved in the raise and spread of emerging fungal pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Garcia-Bustos
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Ruiz-Gaitán
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medical Microbiology, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Miguel Salavert
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Javier Pemán
- Severe Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Bhattacharyya K, Pal S, Dutta A, Bhattachryya PP, Laskar S. Histoplasmosis of Adrenal Gland: A 5 Years' Review from a Multispecialty Diagnostic Centre. J Lab Physicians 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective Histoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Histoplasmosis is considered to be endemic to India, especially the Gangetic belt. Disseminated histoplasmosis may affect almost all systems. Disseminated histoplasmosis with asymptomatic adrenal involvement has been described in immunocompromised patients, whereas isolated adrenal involvement as the presenting manifestation in immunocompetent is uncommon. We aimed to determine the clinicopathological and radiological findings of adrenal histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients attending a multispecialty diagnostic center referred from different clinics and hospitals.
Materials and Methods All tissue samples were initially examined microscopically by performing potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mounts, followed by culture on two tubes of Sabouraud dextrose agar and phase conversion. Histopathological correlation was done using tissue stains, hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid–Schiff, and Gomori methenamine silver.
Results We evaluated 84 clinically suspected cases radiologically for adrenal mass. The pathological and microbiological work-up was done from these suspected cases. A total of 19 cases were evident from the tissue stain and fungal culture methods. The affected population were mostly above 45 years and male. Seven patients had bilateral adrenal involvement. All these patients received amphotericin B and/or itraconazole treatment, which led to symptomatic improvement in most cases.
Conclusion Diagnosis of invasive fungal infection requires a high index of suspicion, especially in immunocompetent patients presenting with nonspecific symptoms, clinical signs, and laboratory and radiological features that often resemble adrenal neoplasms. Clinical specimens, together with fungal culture, must be sent for cytopathology/histopathology for a definite diagnosis and appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumkum Bhattacharyya
- Department of Microbiology, Quadra Medical Services, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medcal Education & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Suranjan Pal
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj Government Medical College, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashis Dutta
- Department of Pathology, Quadra Medical Services, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Saurabh Laskar
- Department of Microbiology, Quadra Medical Services, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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18
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Haro-Reyes T, Díaz-Peralta L, Galván-Hernández A, Rodríguez-López A, Rodríguez-Fragoso L, Ortega-Blake I. Polyene Antibiotics Physical Chemistry and Their Effect on Lipid Membranes; Impacting Biological Processes and Medical Applications. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:681. [PMID: 35877884 PMCID: PMC9316096 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This review examined a collection of studies regarding the molecular properties of some polyene antibiotic molecules as well as their properties in solution and in particular environmental conditions. We also looked into the proposed mechanism of action of polyenes, where membrane properties play a crucial role. Given the interest in polyene antibiotics as therapeutic agents, we looked into alternative ways of reducing their collateral toxicity, including semi-synthesis of derivatives and new formulations. We follow with studies on the role of membrane structure and, finally, recent developments regarding the most important clinical applications of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Haro-Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Lucero Díaz-Peralta
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Arturo Galván-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Anahi Rodríguez-López
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.-L.); (L.R.-F.)
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez-Fragoso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (A.R.-L.); (L.R.-F.)
| | - Iván Ortega-Blake
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (T.H.-R.); (L.D.-P.); (A.G.-H.)
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19
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Carpouron JE, de Hoog S, Gentekaki E, Hyde KD. Emerging Animal-Associated Fungal Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:611. [PMID: 35736094 PMCID: PMC9225262 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections (GAFFI) estimates that fungal diseases kill around 150 people each hour, and yet they are globally overlooked and neglected. Histoplasma and Talaromyces, which are associated with wildlife, cause systemic infections that are often lethal in patients with impaired cellular immunity. Dermatophytes that cause outbreaks in human hosts are often associated with domesticated animals. Changes in human behavior have been identified as a main cause of the emergence of animal-associated fungal diseases in humans, sometimes caused by the disturbance of natural habitats. An understanding of ecology and the transmission modes of causative agents is therefore essential. Here, we focus on fungal diseases contracted from wildlife and domesticated animals, their habitats, feces and carcasses. We discuss some basic fungal lifestyles and the risk of transmission to humans and illustrate these with examples from emerging and established diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Eva Carpouron
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (J.E.C.); (E.G.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (J.E.C.); (E.G.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin David Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (J.E.C.); (E.G.)
- Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510225, China
- Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand
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20
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Seyedjavadi SS, Khani S, Goudarzi M, Zare-Zardini H, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Jamzivar F, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Characterization, Biological Activity, and Mechanism of Action of a Plant-Based Novel Antifungal Peptide, Cc-AFP1, Isolated From Carum carvi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:743346. [PMID: 34708005 PMCID: PMC8544420 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.743346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing rate of invasive fungal infections and emerging antifungal resistance, development of novel antifungal drugs has been an urgent necessity. Antifungal peptides (AFPs) have recently attracted attention due to their unique ability to evade drug-resistant fungal pathogens. In this study, a novel AFP, Cc-AFP1, with a molecular weight of ~3.759 kDa, was isolated from Carum carvi L., purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and reversed-phase HPLC and finally identified by sequence analysis using Edman degradation. Peptide sequence analysis revealed a fragment of 36 amino acid residues as RVCFRPVAPYLGVGVSGAVRDQIGVKLGSVYKGPRG for Cc-AFP1 with a net charge of +5 and a hydrophobicity ratio of 38%. The antifungal activity of Cc-AFP1 was confirmed against Aspergillus species with MIC values in the range of 8–16 µg/ml. Cc-AFP1 had less than 5% hemolytic activity at 8–16 µg/ml on human red blood cells with no obvious cytotoxicity against the HEK293 cell line. Stability analysis showed that the activity of Cc-AFP1 was maintained at different temperatures (20°C to 80°C) and pH (8 to 10). The results of a propidium iodide uptake and transmission electron microscopy showed that the antifungal activity of Cc-AFP1 could be attributed to alteration in the fungal cell membrane permeability. Taken together, these results indicate that Cc-AFP1 may be an attractive molecule to develop as a novel antifungal agent combating fungal infections cause by Aspergillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soghra Khani
- Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran
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