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Ariasena E, Raditya AN, Salsabila N, Asih GIN, Uperianti, Sari RI, Handayani M, Siburian R, Kurniawan C, Widiarti N, Irkham, Hartati YW, Anshori I. Evaluation of electrodeposition synthesis of gold nanodendrite on screen-printed carbon electrode for nonenzymatic ascorbic acid sensor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22854. [PMID: 39353994 PMCID: PMC11445493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold nanodendrite (AuND) is a type of gold nanoparticles with dendritic or branching structures that offers advantages such as large surface area and high conductivity to improve electrocatalytic performance of electrochemical sensors. AuND structures can be synthesized using electrodeposition method utilizing cysteine as growth directing agent. This method can simultaneously synthesize and integrate the gold nanostructures on the surface of the electrode. We conducted a comprehensive study on the synthesis of AuND on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE)-based working electrode, focusing on the optimization of electrodeposition parameters, such as applied potential, precursor solution concentration, and deposition time. The measured surface oxide reduction peak current and electrochemical surface area from cyclic voltammogram were used as the optimization indicators. We confirmed the growth of dendritic gold nanostructures across the carbon electrode surface based on FESEM, EDS, and XRD characterizations. We applied the SPCE/AuND electrode as a nonenzymatic sensor on ascorbic acid (AA) and obtained detection limit of 16.8 μM, quantification limit of 51.0 μM, sensitivity of 0.0629 μA μM-1, and linear range of 180-2700 μM (R2 value = 0.9909). Selectivity test of this electrode against several interferences, such as uric acid, dopamine, glucose, and urea, also shows good response in AA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardus Ariasena
- Lab-on-Chip Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Aldyla Nisa Raditya
- Lab-on-Chip Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Salsabila
- Department of Nanotechnology, Graduate School, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Uperianti
- Lab-on-Chip Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Indah Sari
- Electrical Engineering Master Program, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Murni Handayani
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Rikson Siburian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Cepi Kurniawan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia
| | - Nuni Widiarti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia
| | - Irkham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjajaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia.
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjajaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia.
| | - Isa Anshori
- Lab-on-Chip Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia.
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Zhang Y, Zheng XT, Zhang X, Pan J, Thean AVY. Hybrid Integration of Wearable Devices for Physiological Monitoring. Chem Rev 2024; 124:10386-10434. [PMID: 39189683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices can provide timely, user-friendly, non- or minimally invasive, and continuous monitoring of human health. Recently, multidisciplinary scientific communities have made significant progress regarding fully integrated wearable devices such as sweat wearable sensors, saliva sensors, and wound sensors. However, the translation of these wearables into markets has been slow due to several reasons associated with the poor system-level performance of integrated wearables. The wearability consideration for wearable devices compromises many properties of the wearables. Besides, the limited power capacity of wearables hinders continuous monitoring for extended duration. Furthermore, peak-power operations for intensive computations can quickly create thermal issues in the compact form factor that interfere with wearability and sensor operations. Moreover, wearable devices are constantly subjected to environmental, mechanical, chemical, and electrical interferences and variables that can invalidate the collected data. This generates the need for sophisticated data analytics to contextually identify, include, and exclude data points per multisensor fusion to enable accurate data interpretation. This review synthesizes the challenges surrounding the wearable device integration from three aspects in terms of hardware, energy, and data, focuses on a discussion about hybrid integration of wearable devices, and seeks to provide comprehensive guidance for designing fully functional and stable wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jieming Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Amini P, Okeme JO. Tear Fluid as a Matrix for Biomonitoring Environmental and Chemical Exposures. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:340-355. [PMID: 38967858 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposures to hazardous chemicals have been linked to many detrimental health effects and it is therefore critical to have effective biomonitoring methods to better evaluate key environmental exposures that increase the risk of chronic disease and death. Traditional biomonitoring utilizing blood and urine is limited due to the specialized skills and invasiveness of collecting these fluid samples. This systematic review focuses on tear fluid, which is largely under-researched, as a promising complementary matrix to the traditional fluids used for biomonitoring. The objective is to evaluate the practicability of using human tear fluid for biomonitoring environmental exposures, highlighting potential pitfalls and opportunities. RECENT FINDING Tear fluid biomonitoring represents a promising method for assessing exposures because it can be collected with minimal invasiveness and tears contain exposure markers from both the external and internal environments. Tear fluid uniquely interfaces with the external environment at the air-tear interface, providing a surface for airborne chemicals to diffuse into the ocular environment and interact with biomolecules. Tear fluid also contains molecules from the internal environment that have travelled from the blood to tears by crossing the blood-tear barrier. This review demonstrates that tear fluid can be used to identify hazardous chemicals from the external environment and differentiate exposure groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parshawn Amini
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Joseph O Okeme
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Shi Y, Wang L, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Le W, Liu G, Tomaschek M, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Contact lens sensor for ocular inflammation monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 249:116003. [PMID: 38227993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Contact lens sensors have been emerging as point-of-care devices in recent healthcare developments for ocular physiological condition monitoring and diagnosis. Fluorescence sensing technologies have been widely applied in contact lens sensors due to their accuracy, high sensitivity, and specificity. As ascorbic acid (AA) level in tears is closely related to ocular inflammation, a fluorescent contact lens sensor incorporating a BSA-Au nanocluster (NC) probe is developed for in situ tear AA detection. The NCs are firstly synthesized to obtain a fluorescent probe, which exhibits high reusability through the quench/recover (KMnO4/AA) process. The probe is then encapsulated with 15 wt% of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and 1.5 wt% of citric acid (CA) film, and implemented on a closed microfluidic contact lens sensing region. The laser-ablated microfluidic channel in contact lens sensors allows for tear fluid to flow through the sensing region, enabling an in-situ detection of AA. Meanwhile, a smartphone application accompanied by a customized 3D printed readout box is developed for image caption and algorism to quantitative analysis of AA levels. The contact lens sensor is tested within the readout box and the emission signal is collected through the smartphone camera at room temperature with an achieved LOD of 0.178 mmol L-1 (0.0-1.2 mmol L-1). The operational and storage lifetime is also evaluated to characterize the sensor properties and resulted in 20 h and 10 days, respectively. The reusable AA contact lens sensor is promising to lead to an alternative accessible diagnostic method for ocular inflammation in point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Wenhao Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Michael Tomaschek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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She M, Li T, Shi W, Li B, Zhou X. AREG is involved in scleral remodeling in form‐deprivation myopia via the ERK1/2‐MMP‐2 pathway. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22289. [PMID: 35436023 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200132r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man She
- Department of Ophthalmology Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Bing Li
- Central Laboratory Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
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Zhan X, Li J, Guo Y, Golubnitschaja O. Mass spectrometry analysis of human tear fluid biomarkers specific for ocular and systemic diseases in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:449-475. [PMID: 34876936 PMCID: PMC8639411 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, a large number of non-communicable/chronic disorders reached an epidemic level on a global scale such as diabetes mellitus type 2, cardio-vascular disease, several types of malignancies, neurological and eye pathologies-all exerted system's enormous socio-economic burden to primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare. The paradigm change from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM/PPPM) has been declared as an essential transformation of the overall healthcare approach to benefit the patient and society at large. To this end, specific biomarker panels are instrumental for a cost-effective predictive approach of individualized prevention and treatments tailored to the person. The source of biomarkers is crucial for specificity and reliability of diagnostic tests and treatment targets. Furthermore, any diagnostic approach preferentially should be noninvasive to increase availability of the biomaterial, and to decrease risks of potential complications as well as concomitant costs. These requirements are clearly fulfilled by tear fluid, which represents a precious source of biomarker panels. The well-justified principle of a "sick eye in a sick body" makes comprehensive tear fluid biomarker profiling highly relevant not only for diagnostics of eye pathologies but also for prediction, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of systemic diseases. One prominent example is the Sicca syndrome linked to a cascade of severe complications that include dry eye, neurologic, and oncologic diseases. In this review, protein profiles in tear fluid are highlighted and corresponding biomarkers are exemplified for several relevant pathologies, including dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy, cancers, and neurological disorders. Corresponding analytical approaches such as sample pre-processing, differential proteomics, electrophoretic techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), microarrays, and mass spectrometry (MS) methodology are detailed. Consequently, we proposed the overall strategies based on the tear fluid biomarkers application for 3P medicine practice. In the context of 3P medicine, tear fluid analytical pathways are considered to predict disease development, to target preventive measures, and to create treatment algorithms tailored to individual patient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
- Gastroenterology Research Institute and Clinical Center, Shandong First Medical University, 38 Wuying Shan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yuna Guo
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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Tear metabolomics highlights new potential biomarkers for differentiating between Sjögren's syndrome and other causes of dry eye. Ocul Surf 2021; 22:110-116. [PMID: 34332148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lacrimal exocrinopathy of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is one of the main causes of severe dry eye syndrome and a burden for patients. Early recognition and treatment could prevent irreversible damage to lacrimal glands. The aim of this study was to find biomarkers in tears, using metabolomics and data mining approaches, in patients with newly-diagnosed pSS compared to other causes of dry eye syndrome. METHODS A prospective cohort of 40 pSS and 40 non-pSS Sicca patients with dryness was explored through a standardized targeted metabolomic approach using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A metabolomic signature predictive of the pSS status was sought out using linear (logistic regression with elastic-net regularization) and non-linear (random forests) machine learning architectures, after splitting the studied population into training, validation and test sets. RESULTS Among the 104 metabolites accurately measured in tears, we identified a discriminant signature composed of nine metabolites (two amino acids: serine, aspartate; one biogenic amine: dopamine; six lipids: Lysophosphatidylcholine C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, sphingomyelin C16:0 and C22:3, and the phoshatidylcholine diacyl PCaa C42:4), with robust performances (ROC-AUC = 0.83) for predicting the pSS status. Adjustment for age, sex and anti-SSA antibodies did not disrupt the link between the metabolomic signature and the pSS status. The non-lipidic components also remained specific for pSS regardless of the dryness severity. CONCLUSION Our results reveal a metabolomic signature for tears that distinguishes pSS from other dry eye syndromes and further highlight nine key metabolites of potential interest for early diagnosis and therapeutics of pSS.
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Hussain A, Gopalakrishnan A, Muthuvel B, Hussaindeen JR, Narayanasamy A, Sivaraman V. Young adults with myopia have lower concentrations of neuromodulators-dopamine and melatonin in serum and tear. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108684. [PMID: 34175263 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this experimental case-control study was to explore the association between myopia and concentration of dopamine and melatonin in serum and tear fluid among young myopic adults, compared to age matched non-myopic controls. Healthy myopic adults with Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of ≤ -0.50 D to -6.00 D and emmetropic adults were included in the study. All participants underwent comprehensive eye examination and ocular biometric measures that included-axial length and corneal radii. Insomnia symptom questionnaire (ISQ) was used to screen the symptoms associated with the diagnostic criteria for primary insomnia. Morning serum and tear concentration of dopamine and melatonin were collected and was quantified using High performance liquid chromatography. A total number of 40 participants, 21 myopes and 19 controls, with a median (IQR) age of myopes 24 [21-34] years and controls 24 [20-29] years were studied. The Median [IQR] of SER was -2.00[-6.25-(-0.50)] D and 0 [(-0.50)-0.25] D for myopes and controls respectively. Myopes were found to have significantly lower concentration of serum dopamine (Median [IQR]) 190 [50-342] ng/mL compared to controls (Median [IQR]) 411 [84-717] ng/mL (U = 88, p < 0.002). Likewise, myopes showed significantly lower serum melatonin concentration of 40 [20-169] ng/mL compared to controls 203 [22-539] ng/mL (U = 88.50, p < 0.001). Myopes exhibited lower concentration of tear dopamine 101 [8-188] ng/mL compared to controls 136 [25-451] ng/mL (U = 103, p < 0.05). Likewise, myopes showed significantly lower tear melatonin concentration 6 [2-18] ng/mL compared to controls 9 [2-23] ng/mL (U = 104, p < 0.05). Both serum dopamine (r = 0.419, p < 0.05) and melatonin (r = 0.323, p < 0.05) showed significant positive association with increase in spherical equivalent refraction (SER). The observed changes in the decreased concentration of Dopamine and Melatonin among young adult myopes and its association with refraction indicates the role of altered circadian rhythm in the human myopia mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azfira Hussain
- Myopia Clinic, Sankara Nethralaya, Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Aparna Gopalakrishnan
- Myopia Clinic, Sankara Nethralaya, Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India; Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Bharathselvi Muthuvel
- R.S.Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - Angayarkanni Narayanasamy
- R.S.Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Sivaraman
- Myopia Clinic, Sankara Nethralaya, Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India.
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Bachhuber F, Huss A, Senel M, Tumani H. Diagnostic biomarkers in tear fluid: from sampling to preanalytical processing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10064. [PMID: 33980989 PMCID: PMC8114924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tear fluid is receiving growing attention as a source for novel diagnostic biomarkers. Multiple techniques are available for its collection and impact the composition of acquired samples. We sought to provide a direct comparison of two collection methods with regard to implementation, acceptance, and impact on sample composition. Tear fluid was collected from fifteen healthy volunteers with capillary tubes and Schirmer strips and analyzed for total protein and IgG concentrations. Sampling parameters and perception by test persons were compared. The use of capillary tubes was more convenient for the participants while causing more effort for the collector. Tear flow rates as well as the relative and absolute amount of IgG were higher when Schirmer strips were used. Consecutive collections with Schirmer strips significantly influenced tear flow rates, IgG, and protein concentrations. A moderate correlation was observed between tear flow rates and IgG concentrations for both methods. Samples collected with both methods can be analyzed by isoelectric focusing, a potential diagnostic application in the field of neurology. The specific advantages and limitations of tear fluid sampling with either capillary tubes or Schirmer strips demonstrate the need for a thorough investigation of collection methods with regard to the application of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Huss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Makbule Senel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- Specialty Hospital of Neurology Dietenbronn, Schwendi, Germany.
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Li L, Lu Y, Qian Z, Yang Z, Yang K, Zong S, Wang Z, Cui Y. Ultra-sensitive surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor for in-situ monitoring of dopamine release using zipper-like ortho-nanodimers. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bertens CJF, Gijs M, Dias AAJ, van den Biggelaar FJHM, Ghosh A, Sethu S, Nuijts RMMA. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a ketorolac-loaded ocular coil in New Zealand white rabbits. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:400-407. [PMID: 33594935 PMCID: PMC7894442 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1883157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye drops are considered standard practice for the delivery of ocular drugs. However, low patient compliance and low drug levels compromise its effectiveness. Our group developed a ketorolac-loaded ocular coil for sustained drug delivery up to 28 days. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the ocular coil. The pharmacokinetics of the ketorolac-loaded ocular coil versus eye drops were tested in New Zealand White rabbits by repetitive sampling for 28 days. Efficacy of the ocular coil was also tested in New Zealand White rabbits. Ocular inflammation was induced where after the ocular coil was inserted, or eye drops, or no treatment was provided. The total protein concentration and cytokine levels were measured in tears, aqueous humor, and plasma at 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d. Four h after inserting the ocular coil in the eye, ketorolac levels in aqueous humor and plasma were higher in the ocular coil group than in the eye drop group. Ketorolac released from the ocular coil could be detected up to 28 d in tears, up to 4 d in aqueous humor and up to 24 h in plasma. After inducing inflammation, both the ocular coil and eye drops were able to suppress prostaglandin E2, TNFα and IL-6 levels in aqueous humor and plasma as compared to the group that received no treatment. To conclude, the ocular coil facilitated a sustained release of the drug and showed similar therapeutic benefit in suppressing post-operative inflammation as eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J F Bertens
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Gijs
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aylvin A J Dias
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Eyegle bv, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J H M van den Biggelaar
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Rudy M M A Nuijts
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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