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Caponio VCA, Silva FFVE, Popolo F, Giugliano S, Spizzirri F, Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Padín-Iruegas ME, Zhurakivska K, Muzio LL, López-Pintor RM. State of art of micronuclei assay in exfoliative cytology as a clinical biomarker of genetic damage in oral carcinogenesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 794:108508. [PMID: 38964629 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral malignancy, often preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Currently, no clinical biomarker exists to predict malignancy, necessitating OPMD follow-up. Habits and environmental factors, such as smoking, and alcohol consumption, influence OSCC onset. Increased micronuclei (MNs) formation has been observed in the development of OSCC. Non-invasive diagnostic tests like exfoliative cytology offer painless and regular monitoring options. This study evaluates the impact of tobacco, alcohol, and pesticide exposure on MNs occurrence in exfoliative cytology-collected oral mucosal cells, assessing their potential as non-invasive biomarker for OSCC development prediction and monitoring in high-risk patients. Despite results from this meta-analysis supporting the existence of a stepwise increase from controls to patients with OPMD to OSCC, the translation of these findings into clinical practice is limited due to intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity, as well as methodological variability in MNs quantification. Various factors contribute to this heterogeneity, including demographic variables, methodological variability of different laboratories, staining techniques, sample collection location, and patient characteristics. All these points were discussed to provide further insights and improve standardization for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy; ORALMED Research Group, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Fábio França-Vieira E Silva
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Francesco Popolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Sara Giugliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Francesca Spizzirri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Alejandro I Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - María Elena Padín-Iruegas
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Area, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Rosa María López-Pintor
- ORALMED Research Group, Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Song MA, Kim JY, Gorr MW, Miller RA, Karpurapu M, Nguyen J, Patel D, Archer KJ, Pabla N, Shields PG, Wold LE, Christman JW, Chung S. Sex-specific lung inflammation and mitochondrial damage in a model of electronic cigarette exposure in asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L568-L579. [PMID: 37697923 PMCID: PMC11068405 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00033.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of electronic cigarette (EC) use among adult with asthma has continued to increase over time, in part due to the belief of being less harmful than smoking. However, the extent of their toxicity and the involved mechanisms contributing to the deleterious impact of EC exposure on patients with preexisting asthma have not been delineated. In the present project, we tested the hypothesis that EC use contributes to respiratory damage and worsening inflammation in the lungs of patients with asthma. To define the consequences of EC exposure in established asthma, we used a mouse model with/without preexisting asthma for short-term exposure to EC aerosols. C57/BL6J mice were sensitized and challenged with a DRA (dust mite, ragweed, Aspergillus fumigates, 200 µg/mL) mixture and exposed daily to EC with nicotine (2% nicotine in 30:70 propylene glycol: vegetable glycerin) or filtered air for 2 wk. The mice were evaluated at 24 h after the final EC exposure. After EC exposure in asthmatic mice, lung inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia were increased, whereas EC alone did not cause airway inflammation. Our data also show that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and a key mtDNA regulator, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), are reduced in asthmatic EC-exposed mice in a sex-dependent manner. Together, these results indicate that TFAM loss in lung epithelium following EC contributes to male-predominant sex pathological differences, including mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and remodeling in asthmatic airways.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Respiratory immunity is dysregulated in preexisting asthma, and further perturbations by EC use could exacerbate asthma severity. However, the extent of their toxicity and the involved mechanisms contributing to the deleterious impact of EC exposure on patients with preexisting asthma have not been delineated. We found that EC has unique biological impacts in lungs and potential sex differences with loss of TFAM, a key mtDNA regulator, in lung epithelial region from our animal EC study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ae Song
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Matthew W Gorr
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Roy A Miller
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Manjula Karpurapu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jackie Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Devki Patel
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Kellie J Archer
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Navjot Pabla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Peter G Shields
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Loren E Wold
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - John W Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Sangwoon Chung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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Wasfi RA, Bang F, de Groh M, Champagne A, Han A, Lang JJ, McFaull SR, Melvin A, Pipe AL, Saxena S, Thompson W, Warner E, Prince SA. Chronic health effects associated with electronic cigarette use: A systematic review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:959622. [PMID: 36276349 PMCID: PMC9584749 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.959622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the last decade, e-cigarette use has been on the rise but with growing health concerns. The objective of this systematic review was to update findings for chronic health outcomes associated with e-cigarette use from the 2018 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report. Methods Three bibliographic databases were searched to identify studies comparing the chronic health effects of e-cigarette users (ECU) to non-smokers (NS), smokers, and/or dual users indexed between 31 August 2017 and 29 January 2021. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts. Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second one. Outcomes were synthesized in a narrative manner using counts and based on statistical significance and direction of the association stratified by study design and exposure type. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence was assessed. The protocol was prospectively registered on Open Science Framework https://osf.io/u9btp. Results A total of 180 articles were eligible. This review focused on 93 studies for the 11 most frequently reported outcomes and from which 59 reported on daily e-cigarette use. The certainty of evidence for all outcomes was very low because of study design (84% cross-sectional) and exposure type (27% reported on exclusive ECU, i.e., never smoked traditional cigarettes). Overall, the summary of results for nearly all outcomes, including inflammation, immune response, periodontal and peri-implant clinical parameters, lung function, respiratory symptoms, and cardiovascular disease, suggested either non-significant or mixed results when daily ECU was compared to NS. This was also observed when comparing exclusive ECU to NS. The only notable exception was related to oral health where most (11/14) studies reported significantly higher inflammation among daily ECU vs. NS. Compared to the smokers, the exclusive-ECUs had no statistically significant differences in inflammation orperiodontal clinical parameters but had mixed findings for peri-implant clinical parameters. Conclusions This review provides an update to the 2018 NASEM report on chronic health effects of e-cigarette use. While the number of studies has grown, the certainty of evidence remains very low largely because of cross-sectional designs and lack of reporting on exclusive e-cigarette exposure. There remains a need for higher quality intervention and prospective studies to assess causality, with a focus on exclusive e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A. Wasfi
- Applied Research Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Rania A. Wasfi
| | - Felix Bang
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases Programs Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Applied Research Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andre Champagne
- Behaviours, Environments and Lifespan Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotions and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arum Han
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Justin J. Lang
- Applied Research Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steven R. McFaull
- Behaviours, Environments and Lifespan Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotions and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandria Melvin
- Centre for Indigenous Statistics and Partnerships, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Lawrence Pipe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Division of Cardiac Prevention & Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shika Saxena
- Behaviours, Environments and Lifespan Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotions and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Thompson
- Behaviours, Environments and Lifespan Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotions and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Warner
- Vaccine Safety, Vaccine Surveillance, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Prince
- Applied Research Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Stephanie A. Prince
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Mohamed Abdelaal AA, Mohamed Mousa GS. Impact of Cigarettes Smoking on Undergraduates' Lung Health and Functional Performance: Observational Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Prev Med 2022; 13:59. [PMID: 35706880 PMCID: PMC9188872 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_308_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarettes Smoking is a major social and global health problem. Cigarette smoking continues to be a major contributor to deteriorated health status across different age categories. Clarifying the impact of the cigarette smoking on young adults' lungs health and functional aspects can serve eliminating further deterioration in health status and establishing proper management regimens. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cigarette smoking on lung health (age and functions) and functional performance in the university smoker students. Methods One hundred and Thirty eligible volunteer, current smoker students participated in this study to objectively evaluate their pulmonary functions (including forced vital capacity "FVC", forced expiratory volume in one second "FEV1", FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate "PEFr"), lung age and functional performance (via the 6-minutes' walk test "6MWT") and compare "the observed" with "the predicted normal" mean values. Data were analyzed via SPSS program using the student t-test. Results There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the "observed" and the "predicted normal" FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFr, lung age, and the 6MWT mean values. The "observed" and the "predicted normal" FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFr, lung age and the 6MWT mean values were [(4.47 ± 0.53, 4.77 ± 0.5 liter), (3.95 ± 0.42, 4.08 ± 0.4 liter), (88.74 ± 7.17, 85.59 ± 4.91%), (550.75 ± 114.96, 572.72 ± 53.02 liter/minute), (32.77 ± 9.44, 21.55 ± 1.37 year), (387.06 ± 56.47, 466.82 ± 18.45 meter)], respectively. Conclusions Cigarette smoking negatively impacts the lung age, functions, and functional performance of the university smoker students; the concept that can be used to encourage prevention and early smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abdelaal Mohamed Abdelaal
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ashraf Abdelaal Mohamed Abdelaal, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, 7 Ahmed Elzaiat St. Ben Elsaryat, EI Dokki-Giza Postal Code: 12612, Egypt. E-mail:
| | - Gihan Samir Mohamed Mousa
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
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Toxicology of flavoring- and cannabis-containing e-liquids used in electronic delivery systems. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107838. [PMID: 33746051 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were introduced in the United States in 2007 and by 2014 they were the most popular tobacco product amongst youth and had overtaken use of regular tobacco cigarettes. E-cigarettes are used to aerosolize a liquid (e-liquid) that the user inhales. Flavorings in e-liquids is a primary reason for youth to initiate use of e-cigarettes. Evidence is growing in the scientific literature that inhalation of some flavorings is not without risk of harm. In this review, 67 original articles (primarily cellular in vitro) on the toxicity of flavored e-liquids were identified in the PubMed and Scopus databases and evaluated critically. At least 65 individual flavoring ingredients in e-liquids or aerosols from e-cigarettes induced toxicity in the respiratory tract, cardiovascular and circulatory systems, skeletal system, and skin. Cinnamaldehyde was most frequently reported to be cytotoxic, followed by vanillin, menthol, ethyl maltol, ethyl vanillin, benzaldehyde and linalool. Additionally, modern e-cigarettes can be modified to aerosolize cannabis as dried plant material or a concentrated extract. The U.S. experienced an outbreak of lung injuries, termed e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) that began in 2019; among 2,022 hospitalized patients who had data on substance use (as of January 14, 2020), 82% reported using a delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (main psychoactive component in cannabis) containing e-cigarette, or vaping, product. Our literature search identified 33 articles related to EVALI. Vitamin E acetate, a diluent and thickening agent in cannabis-based products, was strongly linked to the EVALI outbreak in epidemiologic and laboratory studies; however, e-liquid chemistry is highly complex, and more than one mechanism of lung injury, ingredient, or thermal breakdown product may be responsible for toxicity. More research is needed, particularly with regard to e-cigarettes (generation, power settings, etc.), e-liquids (composition, bulk or vaped form), modeled systems (cell type, culture type, and dosimetry metrics), biological monitoring, secondhand exposures and contact with residues that contain nicotine and flavorings, and causative agents and mechanisms of EVALI toxicity.
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