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Cassano R, Perri P, Scarcello E, Piro P, Sole R, Curcio F, Trombino S. Chitosan Hemostatic Dressings: Properties and Surgical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1770. [PMID: 39000626 PMCID: PMC11244242 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Wounds caused by trauma and/or surgery represent a significant challenge in contemporary medical practice, requiring innovative approaches to promote optimal healing and reduce the risk of bleeding and complications resulting from it. In this context, chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, represents an ideal material for the study and application of medical devices, in the form of dressings, in wound management for pre- and/or post-operative wounds due to its ability to induce hemostasis and its high biocompatibility with biological tissues. The aim of this work was to discuss the structural characteristics, properties and application of chitosan-based hemostatic dressings in hemostatic processes resulting from pre- or post-surgical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Paolo Perri
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Annunziata Hospital, 1 Via Migliori, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (P.P.); (E.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Edoardo Scarcello
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Annunziata Hospital, 1 Via Migliori, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (P.P.); (E.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Piro
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Annunziata Hospital, 1 Via Migliori, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (P.P.); (E.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Roberta Sole
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Federica Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.C.); (R.S.)
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Gao H, Li Y, Jin S, Zhai W, Gao Y, Pu L. Epidemiological characteristics and factors affecting healing in unintentional pediatric wounds. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1352176. [PMID: 38846603 PMCID: PMC11153671 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and wound healing conditions of common unintentional skin lacerations in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 1,107 children, aged 0-12 years, with skin lacerations who received emergency treatment at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 1, 2019, to December 30, 2022. Data on age, injury site, time from injury to suturing, and wound healing conditions were statistically analyzed. Results Among the 1,107 cases, 714 (64.5%) were male and 393 (35.5%) were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1; median age was 5 years (IQR, 3-7). Infants and toddlers (0-3 years old) constituted the highest proportion, accounting for 36.3% (402 cases). The number of children aged over 3 years gradually decreased with increasing age. In younger children, the most common injuries were to the forehead, scalp, and lower jaw; in school-aged children, the proportion of limb and trunk injuries significantly increased. Age (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.23-1.46), outdoor injuries (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.18-4.16), lower limb injuries (OR, 5.35; 95% CI, 2.86-10.00), and wound length greater than 3 cm (OR, 10.65; 95% CI, 5.02-22.60) were significant risk factors for poor wound healing. The risk of poor wound healing increased by 34% for each additional year of age. Conclusion In children, the common sites of unintentional skin lacerations show distinct age and gender distribution characteristics. Older age, outdoor injuries, longer wound lengths, and lower limb injuries are independent risk factors for poor wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobin Jin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenli Zhai
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhua Gao
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linzhe Pu
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Alves P, Luzio D, de Sá K, Correia I, Ferreira P. Preparation of Gel Forming Polymer-Based Sprays for First Aid Care of Skin Injuries. Gels 2024; 10:297. [PMID: 38786214 PMCID: PMC11121244 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are several types of materials for the treatment of wounds, burns, and other topical injuries available on the market. The most used are gauzes and compresses due to their fluid absorption capacity; however, these materials adhere to the surface of the lesions, which can lead to further bleeding and tissue damage upon removal. In the present study, the development of a polymer-based gel that can be applied as a spray provides a new vision in injury protection, respecting the requirements of safety, ease, and quickness of both applicability and removal. The following polymeric sprays were developed to further obtain gels based on different polymers: hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a plasticizer. The developed sprays revealed suitable properties for use in topical injuries. A protective film was obtained when sprayed on a surface through a casting mechanism. The obtained films adhered to the surface of biological tissue (pig muscle), turning into a gel when the exudate was absorbed, and proved to be washable with saline solution and contribute to the clotting process. Moreover, biocompatibility results showed that all materials were biocompatible, as cell viability was over 90% for all the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Alves
- Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.A.); (D.L.); (I.C.)
| | - Diana Luzio
- Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.A.); (D.L.); (I.C.)
| | - Kevin de Sá
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal;
| | - Ilídio Correia
- Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.A.); (D.L.); (I.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal;
| | - Paula Ferreira
- Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.A.); (D.L.); (I.C.)
- Applied Research Institute, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços—S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
- Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
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Kondej K, Zawrzykraj M, Czerwiec K, Deptuła M, Tymińska A, Pikuła M. Bioengineering Skin Substitutes for Wound Management-Perspectives and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3702. [PMID: 38612513 PMCID: PMC11011330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-healing wounds and skin losses constitute significant challenges for modern medicine and pharmacology. Conventional methods of wound treatment are effective in basic healthcare; however, they are insufficient in managing chronic wound and large skin defects, so novel, alternative methods of therapy are sought. Among the potentially innovative procedures, the use of skin substitutes may be a promising therapeutic method. Skin substitutes are a heterogeneous group of materials that are used to heal and close wounds and temporarily or permanently fulfill the functions of the skin. Classification can be based on the structure or type (biological and synthetic). Simple constructs (class I) have been widely researched over the years, and can be used in burns and ulcers. More complex substitutes (class II and III) are still studied, but these may be utilized in patients with deep skin defects. In addition, 3D bioprinting is a rapidly developing method used to create advanced skin constructs and their appendages. The aforementioned therapies represent an opportunity for treating patients with diabetic foot ulcers or deep skin burns. Despite these significant developments, further clinical trials are needed to allow the use skin substitutes in the personalized treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kondej
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Zawrzykraj
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Czerwiec
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.C.)
| | - Milena Deptuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Agata Tymińska
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.D.); (A.T.)
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Zhong Y, Lai Y, Feng Z, Huang S, Fu Y, Huang L, Lan KF, Mo A. Multifunctional MXene-doped photothermal microneedles for drug-resistant bacteria-infected wound healing. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:660-673. [PMID: 38063374 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01676e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Skin injuries and drug-resistant bacterial infections pose serious challenges to human health. It is essential to establish a novel multifunctional platform with good anti-infection and wound-healing abilities. In this study, a new MXene-doped composite microneedle (MN) patch with excellent mechanical strength and photothermal antibacterial and ROS removal properties has been developed for infected wound healing. When the MN tips carrying the MXene nanosheets are inserted into the cuticle of the skin, they will quickly dissolve and subsequently release the nanomaterials into the subcutaneous infection area. Under 808 nm NIR irradiation, the MXene, as a "nano-thermal knife", sterilizes and inhibits bacterial growth through synergistic effects of sharp edges and photothermal antibacterial activity. Furthermore, ROS caused by injury and infection can be cleared by MXene-doped MNs to avoid excessive inflammatory responses. Based on the synergistic antibacterial and antioxidant strategy, the MXene-doped MNs have demonstrated excellent wound-healing properties in an MRSA-infected wound model, such as promoting re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis and inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Therefore, the multifunctional MXene-doped MN patches provide an excellent alternative for clinical drug-resistant bacteria-infected wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yancheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zeru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Si Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lirong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Keng-Fu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Anchun Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Moazzami Goudarzi Z, Zaszczyńska A, Kowalczyk T, Sajkiewicz P. Electrospun Antimicrobial Drug Delivery Systems and Hydrogels Used for Wound Dressings. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:93. [PMID: 38258102 PMCID: PMC10818291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Wounds and chronic wounds can be caused by bacterial infections and lead to discomfort in patients. To solve this problem, scientists are working to create modern wound dressings with antibacterial additives, mainly because traditional materials cannot meet the general requirements for complex wounds and cannot promote wound healing. This demand is met by material engineering, through which we can create electrospun wound dressings. Electrospun wound dressings, as well as those based on hydrogels with incorporated antibacterial compounds, can meet these requirements. This manuscript reviews recent materials used as wound dressings, discussing their formation, application, and functionalization. The focus is on presenting dressings based on electrospun materials and hydrogels. In contrast, recent advancements in wound care have highlighted the potential of thermoresponsive hydrogels as dynamic and antibacterial wound dressings. These hydrogels contain adaptable polymers that offer targeted drug delivery and show promise in managing various wound types while addressing bacterial infections. In this way, the article is intended to serve as a compendium of knowledge for researchers, medical practitioners, and biomaterials engineers, providing up-to-date information on the state of the art, possibilities of innovative solutions, and potential challenges in the area of materials used in dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (Z.M.G.); (A.Z.); (P.S.)
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