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Woods N, Seabrook JA, Schaafsma H, Burke S, Tucker T, Gilliland J. Dietary Changes of Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. J Nutr 2024; 154:1376-1403. [PMID: 38408731 PMCID: PMC11007747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken the lives of millions and disrupted countless more worldwide. Simply living through the pandemic has had drastic effects on the health of citizens. Diet, an important aspect of health, has been uniquely affected by the pandemic, although these changes have not been sufficiently studied among youth. OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review was to investigate dietary changes of youth during COVID-19. METHODS A prespecified literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL to identify studies from January 2020 to May 2023 that assessed dietary changes among youth aged ≤20 y compared with before the pandemic. Only quantitative observational studies that were published in English were included. Two authors completed all screening/study selection independently, with disagreements being resolved via discussion. Data extraction was completed by 1 author. Dietary changes were categorized into food groups and habits for analysis purposes. RESULTS In total, 67 studies met inclusion criteria. Most studies used recall to assess changes (48/67; 71.6%). Most studies found an increase in fruits and vegetables (24/46; 52.2%), grain products (6/11; 54.5%), meat, poultry, and eggs (4/8, 50.0%), diet quality indices and/or overall dietary assessments (7/13, 53.8%), and the frequency of snacking (9/12; 75.0%), whereas generally finding a decrease in ultraprocessed foods (32/53; 60.4%), compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. Mixed findings or primarily no changes were found for fish and aquatic products, legumes, beans, seeds and nuts, milk and milk products, breakfast consumption, and nutrient intake. CONCLUSIONS Mostly favorable dietary changes appear to have occurred among youth during COVID-19, although there were several mixed findings and unclear takeaways among the foods and habits under study. The heterogeneity of defining food groups was a noted limitation in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Woods
- School of Health Studies, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Holly Schaafsma
- School of Health Studies, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shauna Burke
- School of Health Studies, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Trish Tucker
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Occupational Therapy, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jason Gilliland
- School of Health Studies, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Geography and Environment, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Elkhodary HM, Abdelnabi MH, Swelem AA, Sabbagh HJ, El Meligy OAES, Talaat IM, Abdellatif EB, Khader Y, Al-Batayneh OB, Al-Khanati NM, Nurelhuda NM, Alhabli S, Mostafa MH, Qureshi S, Qureshi N, Yousaf MA, Taha D, Marafi YF, Al Harrasi SN, Al-Rai S, Gomaa N, Mattar H, Bakhaider HA, Samodien B, Lố H, El Tantawi M. Individual, familial and country-level factors associated with oral hygiene practices in children: an international survey. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:50. [PMID: 36710323 PMCID: PMC9885580 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining good oral hygiene is key to preventing dental caries and periodontal disease. Children and adolescents with good oral hygiene behaviours are likely to grow into adults with the same behaviours. This study assessed the frequency of using various oral hygiene methods among children and adolescents from different countries and individual, familial and country-level factors associated with the use of these methods. METHODS A multi-country online survey collected data from caregivers of children in 2020-21 about children's use of oral hygiene methods including toothbrush, fluoridated toothpaste, mouthwash, dental floss and miswak using self-administered, close-ended questions. Adjusted multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between each of the five oral hygiene methods (dependent variables) and the independent factors: sex, age, and history of dental visits (individual factors), mother's education and area of residence (familial factors) as well as country income and region (country-level factors). RESULTS A total of 4766 parents/caregivers were included from 20 countries (77.4% Eastern Mediterranean-region and 41.6% lower middle income countries). The most frequent oral hygiene methods were using toothbrush and toothpaste (90% and 60.3%). The use of oral hygiene methods differed by age, sex and history of dental visits as well as mother's education and area of residence (P < 0.05). In addition, children from low income countries had significantly lower odds of using mouthwashes and dental floss than those from high income countries (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.31, 0.98 and AOR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.12, 0.97) whereas children from the European region had higher odds of using mouthwash (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.27, 6.26) and those from the region of the Americas had higher odds of using dental floss (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI 1.28, 11.52) than those from the Eastern Mediterranean region. CONCLUSIONS The use of various oral hygiene methods is associated with individual, familial and country-level factors. Oral health promotion programs should be developed taking into account these influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mohamed Elkhodary
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Department of Pedodontics and Oral Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hussein Abdelnabi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Amal Ali Swelem
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Abd El Sadek El Meligy
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman Mamdouh Talaat
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enas B. Abdellatif
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yousef Khader
- grid.37553.370000 0001 0097 5797Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ola B. Al-Batayneh
- grid.37553.370000 0001 0097 5797Preventive Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- grid.449576.d0000 0004 5895 8692Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Nazik M. Nurelhuda
- grid.9763.b0000 0001 0674 6207Dental Public Health Division, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sara Alhabli
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hassan Mostafa
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Department of Pedodontics and Oral Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shabnum Qureshi
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Education, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Nafeesa Qureshi
- grid.412273.10000 0001 0304 3856NHS Tayside Scotland, Dundee, DD2 2RZ UK
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- grid.444943.a0000 0004 0609 0887Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dunia Taha
- grid.8192.20000 0001 2353 3326Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Yousef Falah Marafi
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Sarah Al-Rai
- grid.444919.50000 0004 1777 7537Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Saba University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Noha Gomaa
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Oral Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada ,grid.413953.90000 0004 5906 3102Department of Oral Medicine, Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON Canada
| | - Hala Mattar
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanin A. Bakhaider
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahia Samodien
- Western Cape Education Department, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hanane Lố
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Clinique Dentaire D’Agadir, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Befus EG, Helseth S, Mølland E, Westergren T, Fegran L, Haraldstad K. Use of KIDSCREEN health-related quality of life instruments in the general population of children and adolescents: a scoping review. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2023; 21:6. [PMID: 36670428 PMCID: PMC9857919 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Subjectively assessing health related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents is increasingly important in the public health field. One valid and widely used generic HRQoL instrument is the KIDSCREEN questionnaire. The aim of this study was to map all studies using KIDSCREEN instruments in the general population of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. METHODS A scoping review was conducted. The search strategy was formulated according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Scoping Reviews guidelines. The databases Cinahl, socINDEX, Medline, Embase, APA Psychinfo, Scopus, and Eric were searched in October 2021. RESULTS In total, 1365 papers were eligible for screening, 1031 were excluded and 334 reports were read in full. 252 reports were included. KIDSCREEN studies in the general population was predominantly conducted in Europe (n = 211). Most studies (n = 179) had a cross sectional design, while few experimental studies (n = 24) were found. The three KIDSCREEN versions comprising of 10, 27 and 52 items, were equally distributed between studies. The self-reported version (n = 225) of the KIDSCREEN instrument was more prevalent than the proxy version, while few studies discussed a cut point. Study contexts reflected international trends of public health challenges, commonly including mental- and psychosocial health, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and obesity. CONCLUSION KIDSCREEN is widely used in cross sectional studies assessing common public health challenges. Experimental and longitudinal assessments, possibly including relevant cut offs remain mainly unexplored and are recommended for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Grethe Befus
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Faculty of Health- and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Faculty of Health- and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway ,grid.412414.60000 0000 9151 4445Faculty of Health, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirin Mølland
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Department of Economics and Finance, School of Business and Law, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Thomas Westergren
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Faculty of Health- and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway ,grid.18883.3a0000 0001 2299 9255Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Liv Fegran
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Faculty of Health- and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Kristin Haraldstad
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230Faculty of Health- and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
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COVID-19 Related Information on Pediatric Dental Care including the Use of Teledentistry: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121942. [PMID: 36553384 PMCID: PMC9777403 DOI: 10.3390/children9121942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the direct impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, the COVID-19 pandemic reports multiple effects on people's health and psycho-physical well-being. In the dental field, oral hygiene sessions, regular dental check-ups, and aerosol-generating procedures were commonly postponed, thus resulting in repercussions on oral health also favored by the changing eating and oral hygiene habits during the multiple lockdowns. Furthermore, dental settings and practices were generally perceived as at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, thus unsafe, and by general and pediatric dentists themselves. Last, the consequences of stress related to deprivation of social life and playful activities should not be underestimated in children, exposing them to the deleterious effects of bad oral habits, with repercussions on the balanced growth and development of the stomatognathic system. The present work intends to analyze the medium-term and long-term impact of COVID-19 on pediatric oral and dental care provision, reviewing pediatric dentistry practice and oral and dental needs of pedodontics patients during the first peak and the various waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, and lessons learned.
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