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Fahim MFM, Zarnigar P. Effect of prepared herbal mouthwash in maintaining the oral health of school children: A single-blind randomised control trial. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:535-543. [PMID: 38594113 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Oral health is a vital indicator of overall well-being, quality of life, and general health, with historical roots in Unani medicine (i.e. preventive measures, oral hygiene, and treatment). This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of prepared herbal mouthwash in maintaining oral health among school children. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 110 schoolchildren were randomly assigned to the test group (treated with herbal mouthwash -Anacyclus pyrenthrum DC, Punica granutum (pericarp), Capparis spinosa (root bark), and Quercus infectoria Oliv (galls)) and the control group (treated with 0.2 % Chlorhexidine Mouthwash) for 30-days. The response was assessed by DMFT, Salivary pH, Oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), Plaque index (Loe & Silness) (PI), Plaque index simplified (O'Leary et al., 1972) (PI-S), Gingival Index (Löe-Silness) (GI), and Bleeding on probing (BOP) on baseline and 30th day GI and PI were further assessed on 60th, 90th and 120th days to determine the sustainable effect of the intervention. RESULTS After treatment, Mean OHI-S, PI, PI-S, GI and BOP significantly reduced on the 30th day from baseline (p ≤ 0.001) in both groups. After discontinuing intervention, both groups showed significantly lower PI and GI scores on the 120th day from baseline. (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study revealed that prepared mouthwash is safe and significantly effective in maintaining oral health, and it could be used as an adjunct to mechanical oral hygiene measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F M Fahim
- Department of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tibb (Preventive and Social Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Kottigepalaya, Magadi Main Road, Bengaluru, 560091, India.
| | - Prof Zarnigar
- Department of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tibb (Preventive and Social Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Kottigepalaya, Magadi Main Road, Bengaluru, 560091, India
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Choudhary P, Tushir S, Bala M, Sharma S, Sangha MK, Rani H, Yewle NR, Kumar P, Singla D, Chandran D, Kumar M, Mekhemar M. Exploring the Potential of Bee-Derived Antioxidants for Maintaining Oral Hygiene and Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1452. [PMID: 37507990 PMCID: PMC10375990 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bee products comprise various compounds, including honey, propolis, royal jelly, bee pollen, bee wax and bee venom, which have long been recognized for their pharmacological and health-promoting benefits. Scientists have discovered that periodontal disorders stem from dental biofilm, an inflammatory response to bacterial overgrowth produced by dysbiosis in the oral microbiome. The bee products have been investigated for their role in prevention of oral diseases, which are attributed to a myriad of biologically active compounds including flavonoids (pinocembrin, catechin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and galangin), phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, p-coumaric, ellagic, caffeic and ferulic acids) and terpenoids. This review aims to update the current understanding of role of selected bee products, namely, honey, propolis and royal jelly, in preventing oral diseases as well as their potential biological activities and mechanism of action in relation to oral health have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of bee products is also critically discussed. To summarize, bee products could potentially serve as a therapy option for people suffering from a variety of oral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Choudhary
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Environment Control, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Surya Tushir
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Environment Control, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manju Bala
- Department of Food Grain and Oilseed Processing, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Sanjula Sharma
- Oilseeds Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manjeet Kaur Sangha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Heena Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | | | - Parminder Kumar
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Diksha Singla
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Palakkad 679335, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht's University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Badr LK, El Asmar R, Hakim S, Saad R, Merhi R, Zahreddine A, Muwakkit S. The efficacy of honey or olive oil on the severity of oral mucositis and pain compared to placebo (standard care) in children with leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial (RCT). J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 70:e48-e53. [PMID: 36792398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucositis (OM) is a significant complication occurring in approximately 40 to 80% of patients receiving chemotherapy regimens. Although a wide variety of agents have been tested to prevent OM or reduce its severity, none have provided conclusive evidence. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of honey or olive oil on the severity and OM pain in children with leukemia and suffering from OM compared to placebo (standard care) and, to assess which of the two interventions is more beneficial. METHODS A single blind randomized controlled study (RCT) was used to evaluate the effect of Manuka honey or olive oil, in the treatment of chemotherapy-related OM in 42 children with leukemia. The primary outcome was the severity of mucositis, using the World Health Organization (WHO) scale and the secondary outcome was the pain assessed using the Visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS Children who received the honey had less severe OM (assessed on the (WHO) scale), p = 0.00 and less pain (assessed on the VAS scale), p = 0.00, compared to the control group. Children who received the olive oil had less pain than the control group, p = 0.00), although not lower than the honey group. CONCLUSION Manuka honey or olive oil can be used as alternative therapies by nurses to children with leukemia and suffering from OM, especially in low and middle-income countries where more expensive therapies may not be available or economical. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Pediatric nurses may recommend Manuka honey to treat OM in children with leukemia as it is safe and inexpensive compared to other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Kurdahi Badr
- Professor, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, PO Box: 11 0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Rebecca El Asmar
- Clinical Nurse Specialist, Oncology, American University of Beirut Medical center Riad El Solh, PO Box: 11 0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Sarah Hakim
- Clinical Educator-Clinical and Professional development Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, PO Box: 11 0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rima Saad
- Clinical nurse specialist, American University of Beirut, Hariri School of Nursing, Riad El Solh, PO Box: 11 0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Roni Merhi
- American University of Beirut Medical center, Riad El Solh, PO Box: 11 0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Ammar Zahreddine
- Case Manager, Hematology, American University of Beirut Medical center Riad El Solh, PO Box: 11 0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Samar Muwakkit
- Professor of Clinical Specialty, American University Of Beirut Medical center, Riad El Solh, PO Box: 11 0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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Abullais SS, Patel SI, Asiri EA, Jathmi AAA, Alkhayri AH, Mousa YM, Ganem AA, Mattoo KA. Comparative Evaluation of 3 Commercial Mouthwash Formulations on Clinical Parameters of Chronic Gingivitis. Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e937111. [PMID: 36050872 PMCID: PMC9447349 DOI: 10.12659/msm.937111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine (CHX) is not prescribed as a mouthwash for long-term use; therefore, probiotic/herbal mouthwashes are being investigated. This study compared the effect of 3 commercial mouthwashes on plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding index (BI) in patients with chronic gingivitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-five patients (all with moderate plaque) were randomly allocated into 3 groups (Gp): Gp 1 (CHX), Gp 2 (Manuka), and Gp 3 (Pro-Dental). Three periodontal clinical parameters - PI, GI, and BI - were recorded at baseline and on days 7, 14, and 28. An oral hygiene maintenance program was followed by a double-blinded intervention (coded bottle containing mouthwash). Both inter-group and intra-group comparisons were made using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with multiple t tests. All probable values were considered to have various levels of significance at P<0.05 or below. RESULTS All indices for all groups showed higher values (mean) at baseline, which were lower on days 7, 14, and 28. No differences in any clinical parameter at any point of time existed between Gp 1 and Gp 2. There were, however, significant differences (P<0.05) between Gp 1/Gp 3 and Gp 2/Gp 3 for all clinical parameters at all observed time periods (days 7, 14, 28). Intra-group comparison for all groups demonstrated highly significant differences between baseline values and other time points. CONCLUSIONS For managing chronic gingivitis, Manuka mouthwash is as effective as a CHX mouthwash, as there were no differences observed in any clinical parameters at any point points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahabe Saquib Abullais
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elyas Ali Asiri
- Department of Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Primary Health Care Center, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Ali Ahmed Jathmi
- Department of Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Primary Health Care Center, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Hassan Alkhayri
- Department of Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Primary Health Care Center, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra Mohammed Mousa
- Department of Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Primary Health Care Center, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Abdulhade Ganem
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid A. Mattoo
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect of Honey in the Prevention of Dental Caries: A Recent Perspective. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172670. [PMID: 36076855 PMCID: PMC9455747 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful application of honey in wound care management has been achieved due to honey’s potent antibacterial effects, characterised by its multifactorial action. Impressive clinical efficacy has ignited its further use in diverse clinical disciplines, including stomatology. Indeed, there is increasing usage of honey in dental medicine as a preventive or therapeutic remedy for some periodontal diseases mainly associated with bacteria, such as dental caries, gingivitis and mucositides. Dental caries is undoubtedly a major oral health problem worldwide, with an increasing tendency of incidence. The purpose of this perspective review is to describe the recent progress in the laboratory and clinical use of honey in the prevention of dental caries, with emphasis on the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of honey. The role of honey in the cariogenic process is also discussed. In addition, the quality of honey and the urgent in vitro evaluation of its antibacterial/antibiofilm properties before clinical use are highlighted. Findings based on data extracted from laboratory studies demonstrate the pronounced antibacterial effect of different honeys against a number of periodontal pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans. Although the promising antibiofilm effects of honey have been reported mainly against S. mutans, these results are limited to very few studies. From a clinical point of view, honey significantly reduces dental plaque; however, it is not superior to the conventional agent. Despite the positive in vitro results, the clinical effectiveness of honey in the prevention of dental caries remains inconclusive since further robust clinical studies are needed.
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Apitherapy and Periodontal Disease: Insights into In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050823. [PMID: 35624686 PMCID: PMC9137511 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are caused mainly by inflammation of the gums and bones surrounding the teeth or by dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, and the Global Burden of Disease study (2019) reported that periodontal disease affects 20-50% of the global population. In recent years, more preference has been given to natural therapies compared to synthetic drugs in the treatment of periodontal disease, and several oral care products, such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and dentifrices, have been developed comprising honeybee products, such as propolis, honey, royal jelly, and purified bee venom. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the treatment of periodontitis using honeybee products. A literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar. A total of 31 studies were reviewed using eligibility criteria published between January 2016 and December 2021. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies (randomized clinical trials) were included. Based on the results of these studies, honeybee products, such as propolis and purified bee venom, were concluded to be effective and safe for use in the treatment of periodontitis mainly due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, to obtain reliable results from randomized clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of honeybee products in periodontal treatment with long-term follow-up, a broader sample size and assessment of various clinical parameters are needed.
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Baliga MS, Rao S, Hegde SK, Rao P, Simon P, George T, Venkatesh P, Baliga-Rao MP, Thilakchand KR. Usefulness of Honey as an Adjunct in the Radiation Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer: Emphasis on Pharmacological and Mechanism/s of Actions. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:20-29. [PMID: 33573581 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210126094509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC), ionizing radiation is an important modality in achieving curative objectives. However, the effective use of radiation is compromised by the side effects resulting from the damage to the adjacent normal tissue. Preclinical studies carried out in the recent past have shown that the age old dietary agent honey, which also possess myriad medicinal use is beneficial in mitigating diverse radiation-induced side effects like mucositis, xerostomia, fatigue, weight loss and to promote healing of refractory wounds. OBJECTIVE The objective of this memoir is to review the beneficial effects of honey in mitigating radiation-induced side effects in HNC and to emphasize on the underlying mechanism of action for the beneficial effects Methods: Two authors searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for publications up to December 2019 to assess the ability of honey in reducing the severity of radiation-induced ill effects in the treatment of HNC. Subsequently, the adjunct pharmacological effects and mechanism/s responsible were also searched for and appropriately used to substantiate the underlying mechanism/s of action for the beneficial effects. RESULTS The existing data is suggestive that honey is beneficial in mitigating the radiation-induced mucositis, xerostomia, healing of recalcitrant wounds in radiation exposed regions and multiple pathways mediate the beneficial effects especially, free radical scavenging, antioxidant, wound healing, anticancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anabolic, anti-fatigue and anti-anaemic effects that add additional value to the use of honey as an adjunct in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION For the first time this review addresses the underlying pharmacological effects related to the beneficial effects of honey in radiation-induced damage, and attempts at emphasizes the lacunae that need further studies for optimizing the use of honey as an adjunct in radiotherapy of HNC. The authors suggest that future studies should be directed at understanding the detail molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects using validated cell culture and animal models of study. Large multi centric clinical trials with standardised honey is also needed to understand the clinical use of honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeshwar S Baliga
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Sanath K Hegde
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Pratima Rao
- Department of Orodental Pathology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Paul Simon
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Thomas George
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Ponemone Venkatesh
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | | | - Karadka R Thilakchand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi 580022. India
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