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Qaw M, Al Dehailan L, Hara AT, Eckert GJ, Lippert F. Interplay Between Minerals in Bottled Water and Fluoride Toothpaste and Caries Lesion Remineralization. Oper Dent 2024; 49:345-352. [PMID: 38807322 DOI: 10.2341/23-022-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES he aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of some bottled waters on fluoride toothpaste efficacy in enhancing caries lesion remineralization. METHODS Early caries lesions were created in bovine enamel specimens and stratified into treatment groups based on Vickers surface microhardness (VHN). The present study followed a two (fluoride and fluoride-free toothpaste) by five (four bottled waters and tap water) factorial design. The treatment groups were bottled water with the following attributes: (a) 309.9 ppm Ca/1.20 ppm F; (b) 118.4 ppm Ca/0.16 ppm F; (c) 1.00 ppm Ca/1.01 ppm F; and (d) 0.1 ppm Ca/0.04 ppm F and tap water (48.7 ppm Ca/0.7 ppm F). The five water groups were paired either with 1100 ppm fluoride or fluoride-free toothpaste, yielding 10 groups. Specimens were pH-cycled for 10 days with the daily regimen comprised of twice daily toothpaste slurry, with four exposures to water in between. VHN was measured again and the difference was calculated (ΔVHN). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA at a 5% significance level. RESULTS The two-way interaction between water and toothpaste was significant (p<0.001). All groups except fluoride-free toothpaste/bottled water with 0.1 ppm Ca/0.04 ppm F (p=0.411) had significant increases in VHN after pH cycling (p≤0.023). Fluoridated toothpaste resulted in a higher rate of remineralization compared to fluoride-free toothpaste (all p<0.001). Bottled water with 1.20 ppm F/309.9 ppm Ca exhibited the greatest extent of remineralization within fluoride toothpaste groups (p<0.001) and higher remineralization than lower fluoride water in fluoride-free toothpaste groups (p≤0.006). Within the fluoridated toothpaste group, tap water exhibited significantly less remineralization than all bottled waters (all p<0.001). CONCLUSION Within the limitation of this study, bottled water with higher fluoride and calcium concentrations might improve fluoridated toothpaste efficacy by enhancing remineralization of early enamel caries-like lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Qaw
- *Masoumah Qaw, BDS, MSD, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Al Dehailan
- Laila Al Dehailan, BDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - A T Hara
- Anderson T Hara, DDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - G J Eckert
- George J Eckert, MAS, Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - F Lippert
- Frank Lippert, MSc, PhD, Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Bian C, Guo Y, Zhu M, Liu M, Xie X, Weir MD, Oates TW, Masri R, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y, Zhang N. New generation of orthodontic devices and materials with bioactive capacities to improve enamel demineralization. J Dent 2024; 142:104844. [PMID: 38253119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The article reviewed novel orthodontic devices and materials with bioactive capacities in recent years and elaborated on their properties, aiming to provide guidance and reference for future scientific research and clinical applications. DATA, SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Researches on remineralization, protein repellent, antimicrobial activity and multifunctional novel bioactive orthodontic devices and materials were included. The search of articles was carried out in Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Scopus. CONCLUSIONS The new generation of orthodontic devices and materials with bioactive capacities has broad application prospects. However, most of the current studies are limited to in vitro studies and cannot explore the true effects of various bioactive devices and materials applied in oral environments. More research, especially in vivo researches, is needed to assist in clinical application. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Enamel demineralization (ED) is a common complication in orthodontic treatments. Prolonged ED can lead to dental caries, impacting both the aesthetics and health of teeth. It is of great significance to develop antibacterial orthodontic devices and materials that can inhibit bacterial accumulation and prevent ED. However, materials with only preventive effect may fall short of addressing actual needs. Hence, the development of novel bioactive orthodontic materials with remineralizing abilities is imperative. The article reviewed the recent advancements in bioactive orthodontic devices and materials, offering guidance and serving as a reference for future scientific research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Bian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yiman Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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3
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Borkowski L, Jojczuk M, Belcarz A, Pawlowska-Olszewska M, Kruk-Bachonko J, Radzki R, Bienko M, Slowik T, Lübek T, Nogalski A, Ginalska G. Comparing the Healing Abilities of Fluorapatite and Hydroxyapatite Ceramics in Regenerating Bone Tissue: An In Vivo Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5992. [PMID: 37687681 PMCID: PMC10488477 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Some reports in the literature show the advantages of fluoride-containing apatite ceramics over hydroxyapatite (HAP), at least in some aspects. While HAP has been used extensively in the treatment of bone defects, fluoridated apatite has hardly been tested in vivo. In order to verify the biological properties of fluoride-doped apatite and to assess its therapeutic potential, we synthesized fluorapatite (FAP) and applied it as a filling in bone defects of experimental animals (rabbits). The treatment effects were evaluated on extracted bones after 3 and 6 months from implantation using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), radiography (X-ray) and histological staining. The study proved the integration between FAP and the bone tissue, thus indicating its stimulating effect on new bone formation and mineralization. The results achieved after 3 months of treatment were difficult to interpret unequivocally and suggested the transient delay in FAP integration of bone in comparison with HAP. The reasons for this phenomenon are unclear. Most likely, these differences between FAP and HAP resulted mainly from the different porosities, densities and ionic reactivity of the ceramics, which in our opinion affected their solubility, integration and degree of bone tissue resorption. However, it was shown that 6 months after implantation, similar level of bone defect regeneration was achieved for both FAP and HAP. In this article, we present our hypothesis concerning the basis of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Borkowski
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jojczuk
- Chair and Department of Traumatology and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Belcarz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Pawlowska-Olszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kruk-Bachonko
- 2nd Departament of Radiology, University Hospital of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Radzki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Bienko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Slowik
- Experimental Medicine Center, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lübek
- Chair and Department of Traumatology and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Nogalski
- Chair and Department of Traumatology and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grazyna Ginalska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Ghilotti J, Mayorga P, Sanz JL, Forner L, Llena C. Remineralizing Ability of Resin Modified Glass Ionomers (RMGICs): A Systematic Review. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:421. [PMID: 37623665 PMCID: PMC10455182 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective caries removal approach leads to the need to use materials with the ability to remineralize remaining partially demineralized dentin. Among the materials proposed are resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate, based on in vitro experimental studies, whether RMGICs are suitable for remineralizing affected dentin. A systematic literature search was performed in four databases, followed by article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Studies assessing the remineralizing potential of RMGICs on dentin were included in our review. Studies which compared such properties between different RMGICs or with other materials were also eligible. The studies report the remineralizing ability of RMGICs, albeit with differences between different commercial products. RMGICs show a similar ability to conventional GICs to remineralize affected dentin, fulfilling the function for which they are designed. Moreover, the incorporation of additives, such as bioactive glass (BAG) or CCP-ACP, improves their remineralizing potential. The results of this review support the use of RMGICs as restorative materials after selective caries removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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5
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Conti G, Veneri F, Amadori F, Garzoni A, Majorana A, Bardellini E. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of a Bioactive Restorative Material Versus a Glass-Ionomer Cement on Streptococcus Mutans: In-Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:149. [PMID: 37366672 DOI: 10.3390/dj11060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries management consists of both preventive and restorative approaches. Pediatric dentists can rely on many techniques and materials to restore decayed teeth, but a high failure rate is still observed, mainly due to secondary caries. New restorative bioactive materials combine the mechanical and aesthetic characteristics of resinous materials with the capability to remineralize and the antimicrobial properties of glass ionomers, thus counteracting the occurrence of secondary caries. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans of a bioactive restorative material (ACTIVA™ BioActive-Restorative™-Pulpdent©) and a glass ionomer cement with silver particles added (Ketac™ Silver-3M©), using agar diffusion assay. METHODS Each material was formed into disks of 4 mm in diameter, and four discs of each material were placed on nine agar plates. The analysis was repeated seven times. RESULTS Both materials showed statistically significant growth inhibition properties against S. mutans (p < 0.05). The difference in the effectiveness of the two materials was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Both ACTIVA™ and Ketac™ Silver can be recommended since both are similarly effective against S. mutans. However ACTIVA™, given its bioactivity and better aesthetics and mechanical properties compared to GICs, may provide better clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Insubria, Via Ravasi 2, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Veneri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, Unit of Dentistry & Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Amadori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alba Garzoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Majorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Bardellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Tzen JTC. Strictinin: A Key Ingredient of Tea. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093961. [PMID: 37175375 PMCID: PMC10180463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Strictinin is a relatively tiny ellagitannin, which is found in many plants as a minor constituent. Catechins are known as the major constituents in the young leaves of most tea plants, while strictinin was found as a major constituent in the Pu'er tea plant. In some Pu'er tea varieties, strictinin was identified as the most abundant phenolic compound rather than catechins. In the past decade, strictinin was demonstrated to possess several functional activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-obesity, laxative, anticaries, anti-allergic, antipsoriatic, antihyperuricemia, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. These functional activities were in accordance with the therapeutic effects empirically perceived for Pu'er tea. Evidently, strictinin is the key ingredient in Pu'er tea that acts as a herbal medicine. In functionally-based applications, an instant powder of Pu'er tea infusion was formulated as an active raw material to be supplemented in food, cosmetics, and beverages; a new type of tea named Bitter Citrus Tzen Tea was developed by combining three teas empirically consumed to expel the cold, and new edible oral care products were designed for caries prevention by supplementation with Pu'er tea extract. More functional activities and practical applications of strictinin are scientifically anticipated in follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T C Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Damian LR, Dumitrescu R, Alexa VT, Focht D, Schwartz C, Balean O, Jumanca D, Obistioiu D, Lalescu D, Stefaniga SA, Berbecea A, Fratila AD, Scurtu AD, Galuscan A. Impact of Dentistry Materials on Chemical Remineralisation/Infiltration versus Salivary Remineralisation of Enamel-In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7258. [PMID: 36295323 PMCID: PMC9612028 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate salivary remineralisation versus chemical remineralisation/infiltration of enamel, using different dentistry materials. The enamel changes were studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the depth of lesions and demineralisation/remineralisation/infiltration percentage were calculated. Additionally, the macro elemental composition of the teeth was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Two studies were performed: (i) demineralisation of enamel in 3% citric acid and infiltration treatment with infiltration resin (Icon, DMG), remineralisation with Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent) and artificial saliva pH 8; and (ii) enamel demineralisation in saliva at pH 3 and remineralisation at salivary pH 8. The results showed that, firstly, for the remineralisation of demineralised enamel samples, Fluor Protector (Ivoclar Vivadent) was very effective for medium demineralised lesions followed by saliva remineralisation. In cases of deep demineralisation lesions where fluoride could not penetrate, low viscosity resin (Icon, DMG, Hamburg) effectively infiltrated to stop the demineralisation process. Secondly, remineralisation in salivary conditions needed supplementary study over a longer period, to analyse the habits, diet and nutrition of patients in detail. Finally, demineralisation/remineralisation processes were found to influence the macro elemental composition of enamel demineralisation, with natural saliva proving to be less aggressive in terms of decreasing Ca and Mg content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia-Raluca Damian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ramona Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Tiberiu Alexa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - David Focht
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristoph Schwartz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavia Balean
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Jumanca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Obistioiu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dacian Lalescu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Adina Berbecea
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300641 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aurora Doris Fratila
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Denisa Scurtu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department I, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Puizina Mladinic E, Puizina J, Gavic L, Tadin A. Clinical Prospective Assessment of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Fluoride Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Buccal Mucosal Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092206. [PMID: 36140304 PMCID: PMC9496030 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fluorides are an essential component of oral hygiene products used to prevent dental decay. Therefore, a question arises about the potential harms of joint use of fluoridated toothpaste and mouthwashes regarding the increased amount of fluoride in the oral mucosa. Methods: This prospective, double-blinded parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted using a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt assay). Forty-one participants were randomly assigned to the two groups. All participants used the same kinds of toothpaste for 12 weeks, designed explicitly for this study (non-fluoride, 1050 ppm F, and 1450 ppm F each for 4 weeks). Simultaneously, during the 3 months of the research, one group used mouthwash with fluoride (450 ppm) and another without fluoride. The buccal mucosal sampling was taken before using the tested products and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of their use. Results: The frequency of micronuclei and the majority of other scored endpoints from the BMCyt assay showed no statistically significant differences within and between the studied groups. Comparing two groups, only statistically significant increases in the number of cells with nuclear buds (p = 0.048) and karyorrhexis (p = 0.020) at four weeks of usage were observed in the group that used mouthwash with fluoride. Conclusion: On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that simultaneous application of fluoridated toothpaste and fluoride mouthwash does not lead to cytogenetic damage in buccal mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Puizina Mladinic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Lidia Gavic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Antonija Tadin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +385-21557624
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Jeyanthi D, Joel C, Bennie RB, Livingston DJ, Balakrishnan C. Crystal structure and chemosensing property of benzimidazole-based probe towards detection of multiple analytes – A combined experimental and DFT approach. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Efficacy of a Novel Bioactive Glass-Polymer Composite for Enamel Remineralization following Erosive Challenge. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:6539671. [PMID: 35497177 PMCID: PMC9054491 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6539671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental caries is the most common cause of tooth loss. However, it can be stopped by enhancing remineralization. Fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are among the most important remineralizing agents. Recent studies have used bioactive glass as a remineralizing agent in different forms. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a composite paste (prepared by mixing urethane polypropylene glycol oligomer with bioactive glass powder for easier application). Materials and Methods Enamel disks were cut out of the buccal surface of extracted sound third molars. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 and underwent Vickers microhardness test. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDS) were performed. All samples were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 14 days. The tests were then repeated. Next, bioactive glass paste, fluoride, and CPP-ACP were applied on the surface of the samples and they were then stored in an artificial saliva for 14 days. The tests were repeated again. The microhardness values were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.05). Results The microhardness of the bioactive glass group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05). XRD revealed an enamel structure more similar to sound enamel in the bioactive glass and CPP-ACP groups compared with the fluoride group. FESEM/EDS revealed higher hydroxyapatite deposition in the bioactive glass group than in the other two groups. Conclusions All three remineralizing agents caused remineralization, but bioactive glass paste had a greater efficacy.
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Roberts WE, Mangum JE, Schneider PM. Pathophysiology of Demineralization, Part I: Attrition, Erosion, Abfraction, and Noncarious Cervical Lesions. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:90-105. [PMID: 35129809 PMCID: PMC8930910 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Compare pathophysiology for infectious and noninfectious demineralization disease relative to mineral maintenance, physiologic fluoride levels, and mechanical degradation. RECENT FINDINGS Environmental acidity, biomechanics, and intercrystalline percolation of endemic fluoride regulate resistance to demineralization relative to osteopenia, noncarious cervical lesions, and dental caries. Demineralization is the most prevalent chronic disease in the world: osteoporosis (OP) >10%, dental caries ~100%. OP is severely debilitating while caries is potentially fatal. Mineralized tissues have a common physiology: cell-mediated apposition, protein matrix, fluid logistics (blood, saliva), intercrystalline ion percolation, cyclic demineralization/remineralization, and acid-based degradation (microbes, clastic cells). Etiology of demineralization involves fluid percolation, metabolism, homeostasis, biomechanics, mechanical wear (attrition or abrasion), and biofilm-related infections. Bone mineral density measurement assesses skeletal mass. Attrition, abrasion, erosion, and abfraction are diagnosed visually, but invisible subsurface caries <400μm cannot be detected. Controlling demineralization at all levels is an important horizon for cost-effective wellness worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Eugene Roberts
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Indiana University & Purdue University at Indianapolis, 8260 Skipjack Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46236 USA
| | - Jonathan E. Mangum
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Corner Grattan Street and Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Paul M. Schneider
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
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Fita K, Dobrzyński M, Ziętek M, Diakowska D, Watras A, Wiglusz RJ. Assessment of Microstructure and Release of Fluoride Ions from Selected Fissure Sealants: An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174936. [PMID: 34501026 PMCID: PMC8433992 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare fluoride release from four selected fissure sealants: fissure sealant manufactured by Arkona, Helioseal F, Helioseal F Plus, and Conseal. Tested parameters included emission of fluoride ions into saline (0.9% NaCl) and deionized water over a period of 2 weeks. Values were recorded after 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and then after 1 and 2 weeks. All sealants were characterized by a constant fluoride release level. The highest fluoride release level was noted for Conseal (0.0169 ppm/mg), while the lowest was noted for fissure sealant manufactured by Arkona (0.063 ppm/mg). Fissure sealants, which contain fluoride, release it not only during polymerization, but also for several days after application. The use of fissure sealants whose composition includes fluoride is an effective method of preventing tooth decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Fita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.F.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (A.W.); (R.J.W.); Tel.: +48-713954259 (A.W.); +48-713954159 (R.J.W.)
| | - Marta Ziętek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.F.); (M.Z.)
| | - Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Watras
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (A.W.); (R.J.W.); Tel.: +48-713954259 (A.W.); +48-713954159 (R.J.W.)
| | - Rafal Jakub Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (A.W.); (R.J.W.); Tel.: +48-713954259 (A.W.); +48-713954159 (R.J.W.)
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Kosior P, Dobrzynski M, Zakrzewska A, Grosman L, Korczynski M, Blicharski T, Gutbier M, Watras A, Wiglusz RJ. Preliminary In Vitro Study of Fluoride Release from Selected Ormocer Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092244. [PMID: 33925450 PMCID: PMC8123856 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the in vitro study presented in this paper was to determine the long-term release of fluoride ions from selected ormocer materials (Admira (A), Admira Flow (AF), Admira Seal (AS)). The release of fluoride ions from these materials into a saline solution (0.9% NaCl) and deionized water was tested for 14 weeks. In a long-term study the measurements were taken after 1 and 3 h, then 1, 2, and 3 days and then at weekly intervals for 14 weeks. In a short-term study the measurements were made after 3, 24, 48, 72, 69, 168 h, i.e., within 7 days. All materials used in the test showed a constant level of fluoride release. The highest level of cumulative release of fluoride ions into deionized water was found in the AS material (23.95 ± 4.30 μg/mm2), slightly lower in the A material (23.26 ± 4.16 μg/mm2) and the lowest in the AF material (16.79 ± 2.26 μg/mm2). The highest level of cumulative release into saline solution was found in AF (8.08 ± 1.30 μg/mm2), slightly lower in AS (7.36 ± 0.30 μg/mm2) and the lowest in A (6.73 ± 1.10 μg /mm2). After 1 h of immersion of the samples in the saline solution, the highest level of fluoride was released by AF (0.57 ± 0.06 μg/mm2) followed by A (0.20 ± 0.03 μg/mm2) and AS (0.19 ± 0.02 µg/mm2). Moreover, in the 14-week study, the total amount of fluoride release into the saline, which imitates the environment of the oral cavity, was observed as the highest in the AF sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kosior
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Dobrzynski
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (A.W.); (R.J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-3954-259 (A.W.); +48-71-3954-159 (R.J.W.)
| | - Aneta Zakrzewska
- Department of Periodontology, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Grosman
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Korczynski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Martina Gutbier
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Watras
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (A.W.); (R.J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-3954-259 (A.W.); +48-71-3954-159 (R.J.W.)
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (A.W.); (R.J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-3954-259 (A.W.); +48-71-3954-159 (R.J.W.)
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Sionov RV, Tsavdaridou D, Aqawi M, Zaks B, Steinberg D, Shalish M. Tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate prevents biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:136. [PMID: 33740976 PMCID: PMC7980609 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans is a common cariogenic bacterium in the oral cavity involved in plaque formation. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) has been introduced into tooth mousse to encourage remineralization of dental enamel. The aim of this research was to study the effect of tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse®) or CPP-ACP with 0.2% fluoride (CPP-ACPF; GC Tooth Mousse Plus®; GCP) on S. mutans planktonic growth and biofilm formation. METHODS S. mutans was cultivated in the presence of different dilutions of the tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP or CPP-ACPF, and the planktonic growth was determined by ATP viability assay and counting colony-forming units (CFUs). The resulting biofilms were examined by crystal violet staining, MTT metabolic assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS The CPP-ACP tooth mousse (GC) at a dilution of 5-50 mg/ml (0.5-5%) did not inhibit planktonic growth, and even increased the ATP content and the number of viable bacteria after a 24 h incubation. The same was observed for the CPP-ACPF tooth mousse (GCP), except for the higher concentrations (25 and 50 mg/ml) that led to a drop in the bacterial count. Importantly, both compounds significantly decreased S. mutans biofilm formation at dilutions as low as 1.5-3 mg/ml. 12.5 mg/ml GC and 6.25 mg/ml GCP inhibited biofilm formation by 90% after 4 h. After 24 h, the MBIC90 was 6.25 mg/ml for both. CLSM images confirmed the strong inhibitory effect GC and GCP had on biofilm formation when using 5 mg/ml tooth mousse. SEM images of those bacteria that managed to form biofilm in the presence of 5 mg/ml tooth mousse, showed alterations in the bacterial morphology, where the streptococci appear 25-30% shorter on the average than the control bacteria. CONCLUSION Our data show that the tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP reduces biofilm formation of the cariogenic bacterium S. mutans without killing the bacteria. The use of natural substances which inhibit biofilm development without killing the bacteria, has therapeutic benefits, especially in orthodontic pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Danae Tsavdaridou
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- International Postgraduate Program, Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muna Aqawi
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Batya Zaks
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Doron Steinberg
- The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Shalish
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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