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Dashti H, Sundaram D. The association between nicotine stomatitis and waterpipe smoking. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-118. [PMID: 38933523 PMCID: PMC11201228 DOI: 10.18332/tid/189600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is gaining popularity worldwide, especially in the Middle East, and significantly affects oral health. Nicotine stomatitis (NS) is an inflammatory response of the palate to the heat and chemical irritation caused by tobacco. The high temperatures of hot beverages have been found to have a synergistic effect. This study investigated the association of NS among waterpipe smokers and hot beverage drinkers. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in several public locations in Kuwait. Demographic data, smoking habits, and hot beverage intake were recorded using questionnaires. An oral examination was performed with informed consent, and the occurrence of NS was recorded. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 28.0 (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS Of the 211 participants, 55 subjects (26.1%) presented with NS. All the patients with NS drank hot beverages, while 37 (67.3%) patients with NS were waterpipe smokers and hot beverage drinkers. Smokers with NS smoked significantly more tobacco heads (Z= -2.606; p=0.009) and for more hours per day (Z= -2.222; p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS This study explored the association between WPS and NS in Kuwait. Waterpipe smokers and males were more likely to present with NS. Also, the number of tobacco heads and the number of hours of WPS were found to correlate with the presence of lesions. Effective strategies to reduce WPS need to be implemented. Further studies are recommended to investigate the cause-andeffect relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Dashti
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Devipriya Sundaram
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Issrani R, Alruwaili DSR, Alruwaili RHG, Tasleem R, Almuaddi A, Abdelaziz KM, Alruwaili SMM, Alruwaili NSR, Bader AK, Khan ZA, Prabhu N. Patterns and associated factors of shisha usage among the undergraduate students of Jouf University, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-89. [PMID: 38807709 PMCID: PMC11131362 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shisha tobacco use is gaining popularity around the world, especially among young people and college students. Shisha users are exposed to many of the same harmful substances as cigarette smokers but at much higher levels, which could have more serious adverse health impacts. The aims of this study were to: 1) determine the patterns of shisha smoking among university students in the Northern Province of Saudi Arabia; 2) identify the reasons for using shisha tobacco; and 3) ascertain whether usage of shisha smoking differs by their sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of seven different colleges at a public university between October and December 2022. A modified version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire was used to collect information specifically on shisha smoking. After adjusting for confounding variables, a logistic regression analysis was used to determine the related factors. RESULTS A total of 418 participants were included in the study. Of the studied population, shisha smoking was seen in 73.7% (n=308). Out of 308 shisha smokers, 208 (67.5%) had their first session of shisha smoking within the past two years; 34.4% of participants had used it in the past 30 days (current users), of which 27.4% had smoked shisha from 1 to 7 days during the past 30 days. The majority of respondents (63.6%) reported having friends that smoke. The most popular flavor among respondents (24.6%) was apple. For quitting attempts, 46.4% reported a 24-hour quit attempt in the previous year. Stress (23.0%) was reported as the main reason for beginning shisha use. Shisha smoking was significantly associated with age (Ref. 18-20 years; 24-26 years, AOR=0.08; 95% CI: 0.02-0.33, p<0.001; ≥27 years, AOR=0.12; 95% CI: 0.02-0.62, p=0.01), living status (Ref. alone; with family, AOR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.11-0.47, p<0.001; with friends, AOR=0.36; 95% CI: 0.18-0.76, p<0.001), with parents having higher education level (Ref. primary school and lower; Bachelor's, AOR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.14-0.76, p<0.001; diploma, AOR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.15-0.73, p<0.001; PhD, AOR=5.15; 95% CI: 1.00-9.65, p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS Shisha use was more frequent among Saudi Arabian college students, especially those who were aged 18-20 years, living alone, and having highly educated parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Issrani
- College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Al-Jawf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Robina Tasleem
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Alzarea K. Bader
- College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Al-Jawf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar A. Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Namdeo Prabhu
- College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Al-Jawf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Shahabi N, Shahbazi Sighaldeh S, Eshaghi Sani Kakhaki H, Mohseni S, Dadipoor S, El-Shahawy O. The effectiveness of a theory -based health education program on waterpipe smoking cessation in Iran: one year follow-up of a quasi-experimental research. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:664. [PMID: 38429705 PMCID: PMC10908080 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present research aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on the extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) on waterpipe (WT) smoking cessation in women. METHODS The present quasi-experimental had a pre-test, post-test design with 3, 6 and 12 months follow-ups was conducted in Bandar Abbas city, south of Iran in December 2021-March 2023. A total of 448 women over the age of 15 (224 in the intervention group (IG), 224 in the control group (CG)), using a two-stage cluster sampling method participated. The educational intervention focused on WT smoking cessation implemented in 14 sessions. The educational methods in the training sessions were lectures, collaborative discussions, Q&As, brainstorming, role plays, and peer education. The main outcome was WT cessation behavior. Repeated measures ANOVA tests and post hoc were run to compare the IG and CG at baseline in terms of demographic variables, t-test and chi square test, and in the four points of time of data collection. The data were analyzed in Stata14. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of WT cessation behavior and all ETPB constructs in the IG was significantly higher than the CG. After the educational intervention, in the IG, the perceived behavioral control, attitude, subjective norm, intention and knowledge increased, and the weekly smoking and WT smoking habit decreased (P < 0.001). The CG did not have any significant change in other variables except for the increased knowledge score. During the 12-month follow-up, the cessation rate was 43.81% (P = 0.645) in the IG and 7.45% in the CG (P = 0.081). CONCLUSIONS The educational intervention positively affected WT smoking reduction and cessation in women through influencing the ETPB constructs. It is strongly recommended to design theory-based interventions beyond the individual level with an emphasis on interpersonal relationships to facilitate WT cessation as far as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Shahabi
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shokrollah Mohseni
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sara Dadipoor
- Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Omar El-Shahawy
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Jarelnape AA, Ahmed W, Omer S, Fadlala A, Ali Z, Hassan M, Ahmed R, Hakami M, Ali M, Mohammed K, Sagiron E, Abdalla YH, Osman A, Abdelazeem E, Balola H. Prevalence of smoking cigarettes and beliefs regarding smoking habits among medical students: a cross-sectional study in Sudan. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1193475. [PMID: 37427282 PMCID: PMC10325783 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1193475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is a common problem in university students worldwide. Smoking is one of the most dangerous social phenomena and has a significant impact on public health. This study investigated the beliefs and attitudes of medical students toward smoking in Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Al Neelain University, Sudan, from March to June 2022 using a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of eight items on demographic characteristics and 13 on the beliefs and attitudes toward smoking. Other data included smoking status, smoking habits, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and smoking duration. Data analysis was performed descriptively, and chi-square test and logistic regression were conducted using SPSS version 24. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results A total of 336 students participated in this study, and the smoking prevalence was 48.8% (41.1% in men and 7.7% in women). In total, 76.8% reported smoking daily at a rate of 5-10 cigarettes per day. In terms of students' beliefs about smoking, 86.8% disagreed with selling cigarettes at the university. Of the respondents, 68.4% did not approve smoking on campus. There was a relationship between smoking habits and the age group of 22-25 years, which was the highest smoking category among students (p-value = 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of cigarette smoking among medical students is disturbing, particularly as they are future doctors. There is a need to include plans to reduce smoking among students that can be incorporated into courses and special programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waled Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suaad Omer
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aida Fadlala
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab Ali
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ragaa Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Hakami
- Department of Nursing, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujtaba Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elwaleed Sagiron
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdalla Osman
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamza Balola
- Department of Community, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
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Goolam Mahomed A. Shisha use amongst students. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med 2023; 29:10.7196/AJTCCM.2023.v29i1.893. [PMID: 37073270 PMCID: PMC10105901 DOI: 10.7196/ajtccm.2023.v29i1.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Goolam Mahomed
- Louis Pasteur Private Hospital and Raslouw Private Hospital, Pretoria,
South Africa
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Abid O, Alwadey AM, Eldeirawi K. Prevalence of tobacco smoking between 2009 and 2015 among students and the general population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:52. [PMID: 37123346 PMCID: PMC10143316 DOI: 10.18332/tid/153975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Studies on smoking in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have shown inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to provide a literature review on the prevalence of tobacco smoking among school students, university students, and the general population of KSA during 2009-2015, before the implementation of new tobacco control measures. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google for articles published in English from 2009 to 2015, focused on overall tobacco smoking and/or any form of tobacco smoking (e.g. tobacco, cigarette, and waterpipe) and conducted with a sample of ≥300 participants. Only the prevalence of current smoking was assessed. A narrative synthesis of the prevalence results was conducted. RESULTS Of the 360 studies found in the primary search, 91 were selected for further examination for eligibility, and 20 studies were included in the review. Among school students, the prevalence of smoking any form of tobacco (cigarettes, waterpipes, or both) ranged 10.0-21.7%. The prevalence of cigarette smoking ranged 8.9-19.5% and for waterpipe smoking it was 9.5%. Among university students, the prevalence of smoking any form of tobacco ranged 11.1-25.3%, cigarette smoking 7.8-17.5%, and waterpipe 4.3-18.0%. In the general population, the prevalence of cigarette smoking ranged 19.6-23.5% and for waterpipe smoking it was 4.3%. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows smoking levels were high in the KSA between 2009 and 2015. Studies utilizing standardized methodology with nationally representative samples are needed to better characterize the prevalence of different types of tobacco smoking. More research on national representative samples is needed, including studies on the same populations/groups/areas over time using standardized tools and definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Abid
- Insight Research Institute, Flint, United States
| | - Ali M. Alwadey
- Tobacco Control Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Eldeirawi
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Dadipoor S, Heyrani A, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Aghamolaei T, Ghaffari M, Ghanbarnejad A. Using intervention mapping for hookah smoking cessation: a quasi-experimental evaluation. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2022; 17:18. [PMID: 35287728 PMCID: PMC8919552 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-022-00287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to evaluate the results of a theory-based and systematic intervention on Hookah Tobacco Smoking (HTS) cessation in women local to Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods In the present quasi-experimental research, we used an intervention mapping approach to develop, implement, and evaluate an education and training course as our intervention. Applying the results of a systematic review and two prior local qualitative studies, we identified six HTS determinants and set goals for the intervention. We selected 212 eligible women through systematic stratified random sampling and enrolled them in control and intervention groups. The course was presented to the intervention group in 17 sessions for four months. The educational material was developed to address the goals of the intervention, improve HTS determinants, and change the HTS behavior. We used a questionnaire to collect data on participants’ characteristics, HTS behavior, and detailed determinants of HTS in the control and intervention groups at the beginning of the study, at the end of the intervention, and at three- and six- months follow-up. All work done in the study was guided by ethical considerations. Results The results showed no significant difference between women enrolled in control and intervention groups regarding participants’ characteristics and HTS behavior. At baseline, there were no differences between groups for six determinants of HTS (knowledge, attitude, social norms, self-efficacy, habit, and intention). At the end of the intervention and at three and six months follow-up, the women in the intervention group had significantly better results in all six domains, compared with those in the control group. The rate of HTS abstinence at the end of the intervention and at the three- and six-month follow-ups was 61.3%, 48.5%, and 45.5% for the intervention and 16%, 14.4%, and 10% for the control groups, respectively. Conclusions HTS is a complicated behavior, and its cessation is hard. However, Intervention Mapping (IM) can be a powerful integrative, purposeful, theory-based, and participation-based method to reduce or cease HTS. This method should be tested in other settings. Trial registration: IRCT20190126042494N1, Registered 3.3.2019. https://en.irct.ir/trial/37129 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13722-022-00287-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Dadipoor
- Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ali Heyrani
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Teamur Aghamolaei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health & Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amin Ghanbarnejad
- Department of Epidemiology And Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Altowiher NSS, Bustami R, Alwadey AM, Alqahtani M. Tobacco Taxation Influences the Smoking Habits of Adult Smokers Attending Smoking Cessation Clinic in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:794237. [PMID: 35265571 PMCID: PMC8899034 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.794237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether the increased tobacco price due to tax implementation on tobacco products (including cigarettes) has a significant effect on smoking cessation among Saudi Arabian adult smokers. Methods An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data from adult Saudi smokers and recent quitters attending smoking cessation clinics between January 2018 and September 2019. The responses of the participants were summarized and analyzed. Results In total, 660 participants were interviewed, of which 98% were men who resided in the western region (33%). Taxation had no effect on smoking in 387 participants [58.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 54.9, 62.4], some effect in 220 participants (33.3%; 95% CI: 29.7, 36.9), and a substantial effect in 50 participants (7.6%; 95% CI: 5.6, 9.6). Strategies adopted to cope with the tax implementation included cutting down on the number of cigarettes smoked (302; 45.8%), changing to a cheaper brand of cigarette (151; 22.9%), purchasing in bulk (105; 15.9%), attempting to quit (453; 68.6%), and doing nothing (108; 16.4%). The rate of quitting smoking after attending the clinic was 20.7% (95% CI: 17.7, 23.9). Occupation (P = 0.003), education (P = 0.03), and current smoking habit (P = 0.07) were significantly associated with the impact of tobacco taxation. The strategies adopted in response to tax implementation on cigarettes were significantly associated with occupation (χ2 = 30, degrees of freedom = 12, P < 0.001). Conclusions Tobacco taxation influenced 40% of the participants. Their attempts to opt for alternatives should be recognized in evaluating policies to reduce adverse health impacts caused by tobacco abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rami Bustami
- Department Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M. Alwadey
- Tobacco Control Program, Ministry of Health (Saudi Arabia), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alqahtani
- Tobacco Control Program, Ministry of Health (Saudi Arabia), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Osagbemiro BB, Otakhoigbogie U, Akaji EA. Knowledge and sociodemographic predictors of shisha smoking among students in a Nigerian university. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:779-785. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1424_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Al-Jayyousi GF, Kurdi R, Islam N, Alhussaini NWZ, Awada S, Abdul Rahim H. Factors Affecting Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among University Students in Qatar. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:392-401. [PMID: 34913828 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2012695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent data show an increase in the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) among university students in the Arab Gulf region alongside an attitude of social acceptability and a perception that WTS is less harmful than traditional cigarette smoking. Objective: This study measures the prevalence of WTS among university students and examines the individual, sociocultural, and environmental factors influencing this practice. Methods: Participants were selected through stratified random sampling of students in the largest national university in Qatar. Data were collected anonymously using an online questionnaire. Descriptive univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to examine the association of WTS with participants' sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. Results: 199 students completed the questionnaire. Among students who reported using tobacco products, waterpipe (shisha) was the most common product (70.6%). WTS was significantly associated with having a mother (p = 0.015) or a close friend (p < 0.001) who smoked. Compared to non-users, waterpipe tobacco users were significantly more likely to believe that waterpipe tobacco is less addictive than cigarettes (p = 0.009) and significantly less likely to believe that waterpipe tobacco can lead to cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.003) or dental problems (p = 0.02). More waterpipe tobacco users than non-users disagreed that parents (p = 0.005) or advertisements (p = 0.002) could influence use. More waterpipe tobacco users (70%) than non-users (37%) believed that females were more comfortable using waterpipes than cigarettes. Conclusions and implications: The findings shed light on factors shaping WTS and provide evidence for designing multilevel behavioral interventions to decrease the prevalence of WTS among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Kurdi
- College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nazmul Islam
- College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sawsan Awada
- College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Abdul Rahim
- College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Bashirian S, Barati M, Karami M, Hamzeh B, Ezati E. Prevalence of water pipe smoking and associated risk factors among female adolescents. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:359. [PMID: 34761045 PMCID: PMC8552255 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_68_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of water pipe smoking is increasing among young people, but there are limited data on its use among adolescents in Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of WP smoking and associated risk factors among female adolescents in Western Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in schools. It included 1302 middle school (48.1%) and high school (51.9%) female students (grades 7-12) recruited through stage random sampling and conducted in 2019 in the western city of Kermanshah, Iran. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses and descriptive statistics were executed using SPSS version 22. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) ages of the students and the ages when the participants started WP smoking were 15.22 ± 1.85 and 13.64 (1.64), respectively. Nearly 32.2% had a single experience of WP smoking during their lifetime and 20.4% were current consumers of WP. Most of the subjects smoked WPs at their friends' home (45.8%) and with their friends (47.4%). The significantly important factors that affect WP smoking in these age groups are the father's and mother's occupation, family size, living with others, father's education, having a friend who smokes WPs, friends' encouragement to smoke WP, and being in a family that smoke WPs. CONCLUSIONS Considering the increasing popularity of WP among adolescent females and its increasing prevalence, the results showed that Water pipe smoking with friends played a key role in WP smoking among female adolescents. There is a need to design interventional studies to increase people's skills and to design and implement programs to prevent water pipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Bashirian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Barati
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Research Center for Environmental Determinacies of Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Ezati
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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12
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Almogbel YS, Aladhadh T, Alammar A, Aloraini A, Alghofaili S, Almutairi A, AlAmri A. Predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:67. [PMID: 34531711 PMCID: PMC8404266 DOI: 10.18332/tid/140092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe smoking has gained global popularity among adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to identify the predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-tested, validated, and self-administered questionnaire to identify the predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students aged >18 years in the Qassim region. RESULTS Of the 1158 questionnaires distributed, 928 were returned with complete responses. Of these 928 participants, 820 were men (88.7%) and the majority were unmarried (95.6%). The risk of waterpipe smoking was significantly higher in students aged >26 years (OR=3.39; 95% CI: 1.30– 8.80), those who had a brother who smoked (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.13–2.79), and those who were married (OR=3.21; 95% CI: 1.36–7.59). Furthermore, participants who had smoked cigarettes (OR=3.18; 95% CI: 1.89–5.34) or other tobacco products (OR=6.39; 95% CI: 3.69–11.07) within the past 30 days, and students who believed that waterpipe smoking was less harmful than cigarette smoking (OR=2.61; 95% CI: 1.54–4.41) had a higher risk of engaging in waterpipe smoking. However, the risk was lower among students receiving a monthly financial aid of more than US$264 (OR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.13–0.89). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that higher age, being male, being married, low student financial aid, waterpipe smoker sibling, cigarette and other types of tobacco smoking in the past 30 days, and believing waterpipe smoking to be less harmful than cigarette smoking, were significant predictors of waterpipe smoking. Educational programs targeted at improving awareness of the adverse effects of waterpipe smoking should be considered for early prevention in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S Almogbel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thara Aladhadh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Alammar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Aloraini
- Saudi Pharmaceutical Industries and Medical Appliances Corporation, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayyah Alghofaili
- The Pharmacy Department, Specialized Medical Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almutairi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman AlAmri
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dadipoor S, Aghamolaei T, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Ghaffari M, Heyrani A, Hosseini Teshnizi S. What are the intervention goals of women's hookah cessation? A systematic, evidence-based and participatory study. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2021; 21:1-17. [PMID: 33413046 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1864538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This Study was designed to answer the question: what are the intervention goals of women for ceasing to smoke. The present research was part of a larger study and was a pioneering systematic research conducted between September 23, 2018 and September 26, 2019 through an intervention mapping in southern Iran among professional hookah Smoking (HS) women. In order to know more about the HS among women, the behavioral and environmental correlates of HS/cessation and the determiners or fundamental causes of these factors were extracted via a systematic review and a local qualitative study. As the results revealed, the expected outcomes of the educational program concerning hookah cessation were achieved. As the realization of these outcomes requires certain changes to the behavioral and environmental dimensions, in the next step, the intervention goals of hookah cessation were identified. As the results showed, four behavioral factors involved in the unhealthy HS behavior were individual HS, Being in the Company of hookah smokers, Visiting tempting and contaminated places and Physical and mental dependence on HS (habit), In addition, four effective environmental factors were found at different interpersonal, organizational, community and policy levels. These include, respectively: recommendation and motivation for cessation by influential figures, care providers' poor inadequate knowledge and skill, Easy acceptance of hookah in society, and the lack of effective rules. Knowledge, awareness, social norms, Motivation to comply, skill and self-efficacy, habit, were among the determining factors of hookah cessation. Employment of a systematic is based on evidence and cooperation and is guided by a assessing the needs of the target population. Such a method can suggest more purposive and relevant intervention goals so as to cease HS. The aim would be to intervene in the purposes of the above-mentioned change, as compared in predetermined interventions, and increase the chances of HS cessation among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Dadipoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Teamur Aghamolaei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health & Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Heyrani
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Almogbel Y. Smoking Cessation Beliefs Among Saudi University Students in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:1123-1134. [PMID: 32884374 PMCID: PMC7434525 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s261506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite Saudi officials initiating a variety of smoking cessation programs, smoking in the country has not decreased. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with Saudi students' beliefs about available smoking cessation interventions. METHODS A cross-sectional, pre-tested, and validated paper-based survey was administered to a cohort from a university in the Qassim region. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were conducted to explore the factors associated with the students' beliefs regarding behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for smoking cessation. RESULTS Out of 1158 surveys distributed, 958 responses were received (82.7% response rate). Students aged >23 years were more likely to believe in a behavioral intervention (marginal effect = 10.4%; 95% CI, 2.3%-18.6%). However, the respondents who indicated that they had smoked a hookah over the past 30 days were less likely to believe in either the pharmacotherapeutic (marginal effect = -7.9%; 95% CI, -15.6 to -0.3%) or the behavioral (marginal effect = -8.1%; 95% CI, -16.2% to -0.1%) interventions. Students who believed that the hookah was the same as or less harmful than cigarettes (marginal effect = -25.6%; 95% CI, -34.7% to -16.6%) and (marginal effect = -12.3%; 95% CI, -22.3% to -2.3%), respectively, were less likely to believe in pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Multiple logistic regression analyses found that hookah smokers with a willingness to quit smoking were more likely to believe in the effectiveness of cessation medications (marginal effect = 42.9%; 95% CI, 28.2%-57.6%) and behavioral interventions (marginal effect = 28.6%; 95% CI, 9.3%-48.0%). CONCLUSION This study found that smoking a hookah and its harmfulness were negatively associated with smoking cessation medications interventions. Regarding beliefs about behavioral interventions, while age was positively associated, hookah smoking and its harmfulness had a negative association. Willingness to quit smoking was positively associated with both medication and behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Almogbel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim51452, Saudi Arabia
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Ali BH, Al-Salam S, Al Balushi KA, Al Za’abi M, Adham SA, Beegam S, Yuvaraju P, Manoj P, Nemmar A. Ameliorative Effect of Gum Acacia on Hookah Smoke-Induced Testicular Impairment in Mice. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050762. [PMID: 32414135 PMCID: PMC7277429 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated some reproductive actions of hookah smoke (HS) exposure (30 min/day, for 30 days) in male mice, and the possible mitigative effect of the prebiotic agent gum acacia (GA) thereon. Control mice were air-exposed (AE). Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, the levels of some plasma reproductive hormones, biochemical markers of inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress and testicular histopathology were assessed. The urinary level of cotinine, a major nicotine metabolite, was also measured. HS exposure induced significant decreases in testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and androgen binding protein, as well as glutathione reductase activity and levels of nitrite and total nitrite. Plasma inhibin B, alkaline phosphatase, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine, and cytochrome C were significantly increased following HS exposure. In testicular homogenate, nuclear factor-κB (NF-ĸB), nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF- β1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) were all significantly elevated, and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) significantly decreased. Histopathologically, there was slight impairment and disorganization of spermatogenesis. Urinary cotinine concentration was elevated significantly in the HS-exposed group compared with the air-exposed group. GA co-administration mitigated the adverse actions of HS measured. In conclusion, daily exposure to HS at the above dose induced adverse actions on the reproductive system of male mice. GA co-administration significantly mitigated these effects by reducing the inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, via a mechanism involving Nrf2, and reduction of StAR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman; (B.H.A.); (K.A.A.B.); (M.A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE;
| | - Khalid A. Al Balushi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman; (B.H.A.); (K.A.A.B.); (M.A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Mohammed Al Za’abi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman; (B.H.A.); (K.A.A.B.); (M.A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Sirin A. Adham
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (S.B.); (P.Y.)
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (S.B.); (P.Y.)
| | - Priyadarsini Manoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman; (B.H.A.); (K.A.A.B.); (M.A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (S.B.); (P.Y.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, UAE
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-371-375-33
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