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Saravanan M. Comment on "Prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review". Oral Oncol 2024; 153:106805. [PMID: 38653000 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR & Nanotherapeutics Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India.
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Shayan N, Ghiyasimoghaddam N, Mirkatuli HA, Baghbani M, Ranjbarzadhagh Z, Mohtasham N. The biomarkers for maintenance Cancer stem cell features can be applicable in precision medicine of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024:101906. [PMID: 38688401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumor relapse, proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This narrative review aims to synthesize data from articles published between 2019 and 2023 on biomarkers for detecting CSCs in HNSCC and changes in molecular pathways, genetics, epigenetics, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in CSCs relevant to precision medicine approaches in HNSCC management. The search encompassed 41 in vitro studies and 22 clinical studies. CSCs exhibit diverse molecular profiles and unique biomarker expression patterns, offering significant potential for HNSCC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, thereby enhancing patient survival. Their remarkable self-renewal ability and adaptability are closely linked to tumorigenicity development and maintenance. Assessing biomarkers before and after therapy can aid in identifying various cell types associated with cancer progression and relapse. Screening for CSCs, senescent tumor cells, and cells correlated with the senescence process post-treatment has proven highly beneficial. However, the clinical application of precision medicine in HNSCC management is hindered by the lack of specific and definitive CSC biomarkers. Furthermore, our limited understanding of CSC plasticity, governed by genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic alterations during tumorigenesis, as well as the bidirectional interaction of CSCs with the tumor microenvironment, underscores the need for further research. Well-designed studies involving large patient cohorts are, therefore, essential to establish a standardized protocol and address these unresolved queries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navidreza Shayan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Ghiyasimoghaddam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bohlool Hospital, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | | | - Zahra Ranjbarzadhagh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nooshin Mohtasham
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Elsaman T, Ahmad I, Eltayib EM, Suliman Mohamed M, Yusuf O, Saeed M, Patel H, Mohamed MA. Flavonostilbenes natural hybrids from Rhamnoneuron balansae as potential antitumors targeting ALDH1A1: molecular docking, ADMET, MM-GBSA calculations and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3249-3266. [PMID: 37261483 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2218936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have linked Cancer stem cells (CSCs) to cancer resistance development to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. ALDH1A1 is a key enzyme that regulates the gene expression of CSCs and creates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. It was reported that quercetin and resveratrol were among the inhibitors of ALDH1A1. In early 2022, it was reported that new 11 flavonostilbenes (rhamnoneuronal D-N) were isolated from Rhamnoneuron balansae as potential antiaging natural products. Rhamnoneuronal H (5) could be envisioned as a natural hybrid of quercetin and resveratrol. It was therefore hypothesized that 5 and its analogous isolates rhamnoneuronal D-G (1-4) and rhamnoneuronal I-N (6-11) would have potential ALDH1A1 inhibitory activity. To this end, all isolates were subjected to molecular docking, MM-GBSA, ADMET, and molecular dynamics simulations studies to assess their potential as new leads for cancer treatment targeting ALDH1A1. In silico findings revealed that natural hybrid 5 has a similar binding affinity, judged by MM-GBSA, to the ALDH1A1 active site when compared to the co-crystalized ligand (-64.71 kcal/mole and -64.12 kcal/mole, respectively). Despite having lesser affinity than that of the co-crystalized ligand, the rest of the flavonostilbenes, except 2-4, displayed better binding affinities (-37.55 kcal/mole to -58.6 kcal/mole) in comparison to either resveratrol (-34.44 kcal/mole) or quercetin (-36.48 kcal/mole). Molecular dynamic simulations showed that the natural hybrids 1, 5-11 are of satisfactory stability up to 100 ns. ADMET outcomes indicate that these hybrids displayed acceptable properties and hence could represent an ideal starting point for the development of potent ALDH1A1 inhibitors for cancer treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilal Elsaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eyman Mohamed Eltayib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Suliman Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman Yusuf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Magdi Awadalla Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
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Shi M, Huang K, Wei J, Wang S, Yang W, Wang H, Li Y. Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Signature Derived from the Cancer Stem Cells for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1031. [PMID: 38256104 PMCID: PMC10816075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are highly influenced by cancer stem cells (CSCs) due to their unique self-renewal and plasticity. In this study, data were obtained from a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset (GSE172577) in the GEO database, and LASSO-Cox regression analysis was performed on 1344 CSCs-related genes to establish a six-gene prognostic signature (6-GPS) consisting of ADM, POLR1D, PTGR1, RPL35A, PGK1, and P4HA1. High-risk scores were significantly associated with unfavorable survival outcomes, and these features were thoroughly validated in the ICGC. The results of nomograms, calibration plots, and ROC curves confirmed the good prognostic accuracy of 6-GPS for OSCC. Additionally, the knockdown of ADM or POLR1D genes may significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells through the JAK/HIF-1 pathway. Furthermore, cell-cycle arrest occurred in the G1 phase by suppressing Cyclin D1. In summary, 6-GPS may play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of OSCC and has the potential to be developed further as a diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic tool for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Huihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (M.S.); (K.H.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (W.Y.)
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Zhang S, Yang R, Ouyang Y, Shen Y, Hu L, Xu C. Cancer stem cells: a target for overcoming therapeutic resistance and relapse. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0333. [PMID: 38164743 PMCID: PMC10845928 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cells in cancers that are thought to initiate tumorous transformation and promote metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to treatment. Growing evidence has revealed the existence of CSCs in various types of cancers and suggested that CSCs differentiate into diverse lineage cells that contribute to tumor progression. We may be able to overcome the limitations of cancer treatment with a comprehensive understanding of the biological features and mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance in CSCs. This review provides an overview of the properties, biomarkers, and mechanisms of resistance shown by CSCs. Recent findings on metabolic features, especially fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis in CSCs, are highlighted, along with promising targeting strategies. Targeting CSCs is a potential treatment plan to conquer cancer and prevent resistance and relapse in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610042, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Chengdu Wenjiang District People’s Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Lanlin Hu
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center, Chongqing 400039, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center, Chongqing 400039, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
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Vastrad SJ, Ritesh G, V SS, Saraswathy GR, Augustine D, Alzahrani KJ, Alzahrani FM, Halawani IF, Ashi H, Alshahrani M, Hassan RN, Baeshen HA, Saravanan KS, Satish KS, Vutukuru P, Patil S. Panoramic view of key cross-talks underpinning the oral squamous cell carcinoma stemness - unearthing the future opportunities. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1247399. [PMID: 38170015 PMCID: PMC10759990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1247399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of oral cancer is often frequented with challenges that arise from relapse, recurrence, invasion and resistance towards the cornerstone chemo and radiation therapies. The recent conceptual advancement in oncology has substantiated the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) as a predominant player of these intricacies. CSC are a sub-group of tumor population with inherent adroitness to self-renew with high plasticity. During tumor evolution, the structural and functional reprogramming persuades the cancer cells to acquire stem-cell like properties, thus presenting them with higher survival abilities and treatment resistance. An appraisal on key features that govern the stemness is of prime importance to confront the current challenges encountered in oral cancer. The nurturing niche of CSC for maintaining its stemness characteristics is thought to be modulated by complex multi-layered components encompassing neoplastic cells, extracellular matrix, acellular components, circulatory vessels, various cascading signaling molecules and stromal cells. This review focuses on recapitulating both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that impart the stemness. There are contemplating evidences that demonstrate the role of transcription factors (TF) in sustaining the neoplastic stem cell's pluripotency and plasticity alongside the miRNA in regulation of crucial genes involved in the transformation of normal oral mucosa to malignancy. This review illustrates the interplay between miRNA and various known TF of oral cancer such as c-Myc, SOX, STAT, NANOG and OCT in orchestrating the stemness and resistance features. Further, the cross-talks involved in tumor micro-environment inclusive of cytokines, macrophages, extra cellular matrix, angiogenesis leading pathways and influential factors of hypoxia on tumorigenesis and CSC survival have been elucidated. Finally, external factorial influence of oral microbiome gained due to the dysbiosis is also emphasized. There are growing confirmations of the possible roles of microbiomes in the progression of oral cancer. Given this, an attempt has been made to explore the potential links including EMT and signaling pathways towards resistance and stemness. This review provides a spectrum of understanding on stemness and progression of oral cancers at various regulatory levels along with their current therapeutic knowledge. These mechanisms could be exploited for future research to expand potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya J. Vastrad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Giri Ritesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sowmya S. V
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim F. Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Haematology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, AI Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Ashi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alshahrani
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Nabil Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences (Genome), Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kamatchi Sundara Saravanan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kshreeraja S. Satish
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pravallika Vutukuru
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
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Radaic A, Kamarajan P, Cho A, Wang S, Hung GC, Najarzadegan F, Wong DT, Ton-That H, Wang CY, Kapila YL. Biological biomarkers of oral cancer. Periodontol 2000 2023:10.1111/prd.12542. [PMID: 38073011 PMCID: PMC11163022 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 5 year survival rate of 41% has marginally improved in the last few years, with less than a 1% improvement per year from 2005 to 2017, with higher survival rates when detected at early stages. Based on histopathological grading of oral dysplasia, it is estimated that severe dysplasia has a malignant transformation rate of 7%-50%. Despite these numbers, oral dysplasia grading does not reliably predict its clinical behavior. Thus, more accurate markers predicting oral dysplasia progression to cancer would enable better targeting of these lesions for closer follow-up, especially in the early stages of the disease. In this context, molecular biomarkers derived from genetics, proteins, and metabolites play key roles in clinical oncology. These molecular signatures can help predict the likelihood of OSCC development and/or progression and have the potential to detect the disease at an early stage and, support treatment decision-making and predict treatment responsiveness. Also, identifying reliable biomarkers for OSCC detection that can be obtained non-invasively would enhance management of OSCC. This review will discuss biomarkers for OSCC that have emerged from different biological areas, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, immunomics, and microbiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Radaic
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex Cho
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandy Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guo-Chin Hung
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fereshteh Najarzadegan
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David T Wong
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hung Ton-That
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zisis V, Andreadis D, Anastasiadou PA, Akrivou M, Vizirianakis IS, Anagnostou L, Malamos D, Paraskevopoulos K, Poulopoulos A. Expression of the Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells' Biomarkers SOX2 and OCT3/4 in Oral Leukoplakias and Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Preliminary Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e45482. [PMID: 37859926 PMCID: PMC10584277 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are incriminated for initiating the process of carcinogenesis either de novo or through the transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to detect the expression of embryonic-type CSC markers OCT3/4 and SOX2 in OSCCs and oral leukoplakias (OLs), the most common of OPMDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study type is experimental, and the study design is characterized as semiquantitative research, which belongs to the branch of experimental research. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. This study focuses on the semiquantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) pattern of expression of CSCs protein-biomarkers SOX2 and OCT3/4, in paraffin embedded samples of 21 OSCCs of different grades of differentiation and 30 cases of OLs with different grades of dysplasia, compared to five cases of normal oral mucosa in both terms of cells' stain positivity and intensity. Statistical analysis was performed through SPSS 2017 Pearson Chi-square and the significance level was set at 0.05 (p=0.05). The expression of the respective genes of SOX2 and OCT3/4 was studied through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), in paraffin-embedded samples of 12 cases of OLs with mild/non dysplasia and 19 cases moderately/poorly differentiated OSCCs(n=19) and five normal mucosa using the Independent Paired T-test. RESULTS The genes SOX2 and Oct3/4 were expressed in all examined cases although no statistically significant correlations among normal, OL and OSCC, were established. A nuclear/membrane staining of OCT3/4 was noticed only in three out of 21 OSCCs but in none of OLs or normal cases (without statistical significance). A characteristic nuclear staining of SOX2 was noticed in the majority of the samples, mostly in the basal and parabasal layers of the epithelium. SOX2 was significantly detected in the OSCCs group (strong positivity in 17/21) than in the OL group (30 cases, mostly mildly stained) (p-value=0.007), and the normal oral epithelium (mild stained, p=0.065). Furthermore, SOX2 was overexpressed in well differentiated OSCCs group (5/OSCCs, strongly stained) rather than in mildly dysplastic and non-dysplastic OLs samples (14/OLs, mildly stained) (p-value =0.035). CONCLUSION The characteristic expression of SOX2 but not of OCT3/4 in OLs' and OSCCs' lesions suggests the presence of neoplastic cells with certain CSC characteristics whose implication in the early stages of oral tumorigenesis could be further evaluated. The clinical use of SOX2, as prognostic factor, requires further experimental evaluation in larger number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Zisis
- Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Dimitrios Andreadis
- Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Pinelopi A Anastasiadou
- Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Meni Akrivou
- Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, CYP
- Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Lefteris Anagnostou
- Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Dimitrios Malamos
- Oral Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | | | - Athanasios Poulopoulos
- Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
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Petsri K, Yokoya M, Racha S, Thongsom S, Thepthanee C, Innets B, Ei ZZ, Hotta D, Zou H, Chanvorachote P. Novel Synthetic Derivative of Renieramycin T Right-Half Analog Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Cancer Stem Cells via Targeting the Akt Signal in Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065345. [PMID: 36982418 PMCID: PMC10049402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Akt is a key regulatory protein of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and is responsible for cancer aggressiveness and metastasis. Targeting Akt is beneficial for the development of cancer drugs. renieramycin T (RT) has been reported to have Mcl-1 targeting activity, and the study of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) demonstrated that cyanide and the benzene ring are essential for its effects. In this study, novel derivatives of the RT right-half analog with cyanide and the modified ring were synthesized to further investigate the SARs for improving the anticancer effects of RT analogs and evaluate CSC-suppressing activity through Akt inhibition. Among the five derivatives, a compound with a substituted thiazole structure (DH_25) exerts the most potent anticancer activity in lung cancer cells. It has the ability to induce apoptosis, which is accompanied by an increase in PARP cleavage, a decrease in Bcl-2, and a diminishment of Mcl-1, suggesting that residual Mcl-1 inhibitory effects exist even after modifying the benzene ring to thiazole. Furthermore, DH_25 is found to induce CSC death, as well as a decrease in CSC marker CD133, CSC transcription factor Nanog, and CSC-related oncoprotein c-Myc. Notably, an upstream member of these proteins, Akt and p-Akt, are also downregulated, indicating that Akt can be a potential target of action. Computational molecular docking showing a high-affinity interaction between DH_25 and an Akt at the allosteric binding site supports that DH_25 can bind and inhibit Akt. This study has revealed a novel SAR and CSC inhibitory effect of DH_25 via Akt inhibition, which may encourage further development of RT compounds for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korrakod Petsri
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Masashi Yokoya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Satapat Racha
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Program in Pharmacology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Thongsom
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chorpaka Thepthanee
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bhurichaya Innets
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Zin Zin Ei
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Daiki Hotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-2188-344
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10
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Diversity of the Origin of Cancer Stem Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153588. [PMID: 35892847 PMCID: PMC9332248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) histopathologically accounts for ≥90% of oral cancer. In this review article, we focus on the diversity of the origin of OSCC and also discuss cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subset of cancer cells that occupy a very small portion of the cancer mass and have characteristics of stem cells. When gene abnormalities accumulate in somatic stem cells, those cells transform into CSCs. CSCs as the origin of cancer then autonomously grow and develop into cancer. The histopathological phenotype of cancer cells is determined by the original characteristics of the somatic stem cells and/or surrounding environment. OSCC may be divided into the following three categories with different malignancy based on the origin of CSCs: cancer from oral epithelial stem cell-derived CSCs, cancer from stem cells in salivary gland-derived CSCs, and cancer from bone marrow-derived stem cell-derived CSCs. Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) histopathologically accounts for ≥90% of oral cancer. Many clinicopathological risk factors for OSCC have also been proposed, and postoperative therapy is recommended in guidelines based on cancer stage and other risk factors. However, even if the standard treatment is provided according to the guidelines, a few cases rapidly recur or show cervical and distant metastasis. In this review article, we focus on the diversity of the origin of OSCC. We also discuss cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a key player to explain the malignancy of OSCC. CSCs are a subset of cancer cells that occupy a very small portion of the cancer mass and have characteristics of stem cells. When gene abnormalities accumulate in somatic stem cells, those cells transform into CSCs. CSCs as the origin of cancer then autonomously grow and develop into cancer. The histopathological phenotype of cancer cells is determined by the original characteristics of the somatic stem cells and/or surrounding environment. OSCC may be divided into the following three categories with different malignancy based on the origin of CSCs: cancer from oral epithelial stem cell-derived CSCs, cancer from stem cells in salivary gland-derived CSCs, and cancer from bone marrow-derived stem cell-derived CSCs.
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11
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Su Y, Huang H, Luo T, Zheng Y, Fan J, Ren H, Tang M, Niu Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liang J, Ruan B, Gao L, Chen Z, Melino G, Wang X, Sun Q. Cell-in-cell structure mediates in-cell killing suppressed by CD44. Cell Discov 2022; 8:35. [PMID: 35436988 PMCID: PMC9016064 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Penetration of immune cells into tumor cells was believed to be immune-suppressive via cell-in-cell (CIC) mediated death of the internalized immune cells. We unexpectedly found that CIC formation largely led to the death of the host tumor cells, but not the internalized immune cells, manifesting typical features of death executed by NK cells; we named this “in-cell killing” which displays the efficacy superior to the canonical way of “kiss-killing” from outside. By profiling isogenic cells, CD44 on tumor cells was identified as a negative regulator of “in-cell killing” via inhibiting CIC formation. CD44 functions to antagonize NK cell internalization by reducing N-cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion and by enhancing Rho GTPase-regulated cellular stiffness as well. Remarkably, antibody-mediated blockade of CD44 signaling potentiated the suppressive effects of NK cells on tumor growth associated with increased heterotypic CIC formation. Together, we identified CIC-mediated “in-cell killing” as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhi Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - You Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China
| | - He Ren
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zubiao Niu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Liang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China
| | - Banzhan Ruan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolie Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Departments of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,DZNE German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- National Research Center of Geriatrics Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing, China.
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12
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Cioce M, Fazio VM. EphA2 and EGFR: Friends in Life, Partners in Crime. Can EphA2 Be a Predictive Biomarker of Response to Anti-EGFR Agents? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040700. [PMID: 33572284 PMCID: PMC7915460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eph receptors represent the largest group among Receptor Tyrosine kinase (RTK) families. The Eph/ephrin signaling axis plays center stage during development, and the deep perturbation of signaling consequent to its dysregulation in cancer reveals the multiplicity and complexity underlying its function. In the last decades, they have emerged as key players in solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC); however, what causes EphA2 to switch between tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting function is still an active theater of investigation. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding EphA2 function in cancer, with detail on the molecular determinants of the oncogene-tumor suppressor switch function of EphA2. We describe tumor context-specific examples of EphA2 signaling and the emerging role EphA2 plays in supporting cancer-stem-cell-like populations and overcoming therapy-induced stress. In such a frame, we detail the interaction of the EphA2 and EGFR pathway in solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. We discuss the contribution of the EphA2 oncogenic signaling to the resistance to EGFR blocking agents, including cetuximab and TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cioce
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.M.F.)
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