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Cichos KH, Christie MC, Ponce BA, Ghanem ES. Biofilm Growth on Orthopaedic Cerclage Materials: Nonmetallic Polymers Are Less Resistant to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacterial Adhesion. J Arthroplasty 2024:S0883-5403(24)00364-4. [PMID: 38642854 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on bacterial adhesion to cerclage cables are sparse. We aimed to compare 5 cerclage products for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) adhesion to determine the claim: Are nonmetallic polymer cables more resistant to bacterial adhesion than common metallic wires and cables? METHODS The following 5 cerclage products were compared: (1) monofilament stainless steel (SS) wires; (2) multifilament SS cables; (3) multifilament cobalt chrome cables; (4) multifilament Vitallium alloy (cobalt-chrome-molybdenum [Co-Cr-Mo]) cables; and (5) multifilament nonmetallic polymer cables. Each was cut into 2 cm lengths and placed into 12-well plates. Of the wells, 5 were wire or cables in trypticase soy broth with MRSA, with the remaining wells being appropriate controls incubated for 24 hours at 37° C and 5% CO2 with shaking. Wires and cables were prepared and randomly imaged via scanning electron microscopy, with bacterial counts performed on 3 images of 3 different wires or cables per study group. The scanning electron microscopy technician and counting investigator were blinded. Additionally, SS wire and polymer cables were analyzed by microcalorimetry for metabolic activity and bacterial load. RESULTS Bacterial attachment differed significantly between study groups in the middle section (P = .0003). Post hoc comparison showed no difference between groups individually (all P > .05) apart from polymer cables (median 551 bacteria) having significantly increased attached bacteria compared to the Vitallium alloy cable (157, P = .0004), SS cable (101, P = .0004), and SS wire (211, P = .0004). There was no difference between polymer and cobalt chrome cables (133, P = .056). Microcalorimetry supported these results, as polymer cables had a shorter time to max heat flow (6.2 versus 7.5 hours, P = .006), increased max heat flow (117 versus 64 uW, P = .045), and increased colony-forming units, indicating an increased bacterial load compared to SS wires. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study demonstrated that polymer cables have increased MRSA adhesion compared to common metallic wires and cables. Future studies are necessary to confirm the translation of increased bacterial adherence on polymer cables to increased rates of orthopaedic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Cichos
- Hughston Foundation, Columbus, Georgia; Hughston Clinic, Columbus, Georgia
| | | | | | - Elie S Ghanem
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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2
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Kulshrestha A, Gupta P. Combating polymicrobial biofilm: recent approaches. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023:10.1007/s12223-023-01070-y. [PMID: 37310652 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The polymicrobial biofilm (PMBF) is formed when microbes from multiple species co-aggregate into an envelope made of extra polymeric substances (EPS) that keep the microbes safe from external stresses. The formation of PMBF has been linked to a variety of human infections, including cystic fibrosis, dental caries, urinary tract infections, etc. Multiple microbial species co-aggregation during an infection results in a recalcitrant biofilm formation, which is a seriously threatening phenomenon. It is challenging to treat polymicrobial biofilms since they contain multiple microbes which show drug resistance to various antibiotics/antifungals. The present study discusses various approaches by which an antibiofilm compound works. Depending on their mode of action, antibiofilm compounds can block the adhesion of cells to one another, modify membranes/walls, or disrupt quorum-sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Kulshrestha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
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Pinto MF, Quevedo BV, Asami J, Komatsu D, Hausen MDA, Duek EADR. Electrospun Membrane Based on Poly(L-co-D,L lactic acid) and Natural Rubber Containing Copaiba Oil Designed as a Dressing with Antimicrobial Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050898. [PMID: 37237801 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems of natural antimicrobial compounds, such as copaiba oil (CO), have become relevant in the scientific community due to the recent prevalence of the public health complications related to antibiotic resistance. Electrospun devices act as an efficient drug delivery system for these bioactive compounds, reducing systemic side effects and increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. In this way, the present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic and antimicrobial effect of the direct incorporation of different concentrations of CO in a poly(L-co-D,L lactic acid) and natural rubber (NR) electrospun membrane. It was observed that CO showed bacteriostatic and antibacterial effects against S. aureus in antibiogram assays. The prevention of biofilm formation was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. The test with crystal violet demonstrated strong bacteria inhibition in membranes with 75% CO. A decrease in hydrophilicity, observed in the swelling test, presented that the addition of CO promotes a safe environment for the recovery of injured tissue while acting as an antimicrobial agent. In this way, the study showed strong bacteriostatic effects of the CO incorporation in combination with electrospun membranes, a suitable feature desired in wound dressings in order to promote a physical barrier with prophylactic antimicrobial properties to avoid infections during tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Formigoni Pinto
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty (FEM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-860, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna V Quevedo
- Post-Graduation Program in Materials Sciences (PPGCM), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba 18052-780, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Asami
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty (FEM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-860, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Komatsu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Moema de Alencar Hausen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Surgery Department, FCMS, PUC-São Paulo, Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida de Rezende Duek
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty (FEM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-860, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Materials Sciences (PPGCM), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba 18052-780, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Surgery Department, FCMS, PUC-São Paulo, Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Development and Evaluation of Bacteriophage Cocktail to Eradicate Biofilms Formed by an Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020427. [PMID: 36851640 PMCID: PMC9965693 DOI: 10.3390/v15020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive and multiple drug resistance in P. aeruginosa combined with the formation of biofilms is responsible for its high persistence in nosocomial infections. A sequential method to devise a suitable phage cocktail with a broad host range and high lytic efficiency against a biofilm forming XDR P. aeruginosa strain is presented here. Out of a total thirteen phages isolated against P. aeruginosa, five were selected on the basis of their high lytic spectra assessed using spot assay and productivity by efficiency of plating assay. Phages, after selection, were tested individually and in combinations of two-, three-, four-, and five-phage cocktails using liquid infection model. Out of total 22 combinations tested, the cocktail comprising four phages viz. φPA170, φPA172, φPA177, and φPA180 significantly inhibited the bacterial growth in liquid infection model (p < 0.0001). The minimal inhibitory dose of each phage in a cocktail was effectively reduced to >10 times than the individual dose in the inhibition of XDR P. aeruginosa host. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize phage cocktail mediated eradication of 4-day-old multi-layers of XDR P. aeruginosa biofilms from urinary catheters and glass cover slips, and was confirmed by absence of any viable cells. Differential bacterial inhibition was observed with different phage combinations where multiple phages were found to enhance the cocktail's lytic range, but the addition of too many phages reduced the overall inhibition. This study elaborates an effective and sequential method for the preparation of a phage cocktail and evaluates its antimicrobial potential against biofilm forming XDR strains of P. aeruginosa.
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5
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Veloso M, Lopez Y, Bernaus M, Gabasa Y, Angles F, Font-Vizcarra L, Soto S. "In vitro" evaluation of bacterial biofilm formation on different cerclage systems. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:767-772. [PMID: 35924755 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221117059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerclage wiring may be used for fracture fixation or osteotomy stabilization in revision arthroplasty. There is a lack of evidence regarding the potential risk of bacterial colonization for the different types of cerclages. The objective of our research is to study the adhesion and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa on two different cerclage cable models, comparing a polymer cable and a stainless steel metal cable. A two-cm cerclage piece of each material was submerged in 2 mL of tryptic soy broth (TSB) inoculated with 10 μL of a 0.5 McFarland bacterial culture, and incubated at 37°C during 2 h for adhesion and 48 h for biofilm formation. The cerclages were washed with 1xPBS and sonicated in a new culture medium. Aliquots of several dilutions of each sonicated culture were spread in TSB agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The number of colonies was counted. The colony-forming units per ml (CFU/mL) and the percentage of reduction were calculated. Experiments were triplicated. For P. aeruginosa, a statistically significant reduction in biofilm formation was found on the polymer cerclage cable, compared to the metal cerclage cable. Reductions of 59% and 88%, after 2 h and 48 h, respectively, were observed. For S. epidermis and S. aureus, there was a trend towards lower bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation for the polymer cerclage cable. In summary, these results demonstrate that the braided polymer cerclage cable may be less prone to bacterial adherence and biofilm formation compared to the braided metal cerclage cable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martí Bernaus
- 58955Hospital Universitari MutuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain
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6
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Salazar-Sánchez A, Baztarrika I, Alonso R, Fernández-Astorga A, Martínez-Ballesteros I, Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I. Arcobacter butzleri Biofilms: Insights into the Genes Beneath Their Formation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1280. [PMID: 35888999 PMCID: PMC9324650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter butzleri, the most prevalent species of the genus, has the demonstrated ability to adhere to various surfaces through biofilm production. The biofilm formation capability has been related to the expression of certain genes, which have not been characterized in A. butzleri. In order to increase the knowledge of this foodborne pathogen, the aim of this study was to assess the role of six biofilm-associated genes in campylobacteria (flaA, flaB, fliS, luxS, pta and spoT) in the biofilm formation ability of A. butzleri. Knockout mutants were constructed from different foodborne isolates, and static biofilm assays were conducted on polystyrene (PS), reinforced glass and stainless steel. Additionally, motility and Congo red binding assays were performed. In general, mutants in flaAB, fliS and luxS showed a decrease in the biofilm production irrespective of the surface; mutants in spoT showed an increase on stainless steel, and mutants in pta and spoT showed a decrease on reinforced glass but an increase on PS. Our work sheds light on the biofilm-related pathogenesis of A. butzleri, although future studies are necessary to achieve a satisfactory objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Salazar-Sánchez
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.S.-S.); (I.B.); (R.A.); (A.F.-A.); (I.M.-B.)
| | - Itsaso Baztarrika
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.S.-S.); (I.B.); (R.A.); (A.F.-A.); (I.M.-B.)
| | - Rodrigo Alonso
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.S.-S.); (I.B.); (R.A.); (A.F.-A.); (I.M.-B.)
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Aurora Fernández-Astorga
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.S.-S.); (I.B.); (R.A.); (A.F.-A.); (I.M.-B.)
| | - Ilargi Martínez-Ballesteros
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.S.-S.); (I.B.); (R.A.); (A.F.-A.); (I.M.-B.)
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Irati Martinez-Malaxetxebarria
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.S.-S.); (I.B.); (R.A.); (A.F.-A.); (I.M.-B.)
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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7
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Filipov E, Angelova L, Vig S, Fernandes MH, Moreau G, Lasgorceix M, Buchvarov I, Daskalova A. Investigating Potential Effects of Ultra-Short Laser-Textured Porous Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffolds on Bacterial Adhesion and Bone Cell Metabolism. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122382. [PMID: 35745958 PMCID: PMC9227156 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing antimicrobial surfaces that combat implant-associated infections while promoting host cell response is a key strategy for improving current therapies for orthopaedic injuries. In this paper, we present the application of ultra-short laser irradiation for patterning the surface of a 3D biodegradable synthetic polymer in order to affect the adhesion and proliferation of bone cells and reject bacterial cells. The surfaces of 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were processed with a femtosecond laser (λ = 800 nm; τ = 130 fs) for the production of patterns resembling microchannels or microprotrusions. MG63 osteoblastic cells, as well as S. aureus and E. coli, were cultured on fs-laser-treated samples. Their attachment, proliferation, and metabolic activity were monitored via colorimetric assays and scanning electron microscopy. The microchannels improved the wettability, stimulating the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of osteoblastic cells. The same topography induced cell-pattern orientation and promoted the expression of alkaline phosphatase in cells growing in an osteogenic medium. The microchannels exerted an inhibitory effect on S. aureus as after 48 h cells appeared shrunk and disrupted. In comparison, E. coli formed an abundant biofilm over both the laser-treated and control samples; however, the film was dense and adhesive on the control PCL but unattached over the microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Filipov
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Shousse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.A.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Liliya Angelova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Shousse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Sanjana Vig
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentaria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.H.F.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentaria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.H.F.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gerard Moreau
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, CERAMATHS, F-59313 Valenciennes, France; (G.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Marie Lasgorceix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, CERAMATHS, F-59313 Valenciennes, France; (G.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Ivan Buchvarov
- Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Albena Daskalova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Shousse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.A.); (A.D.)
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8
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Nadammal N, Rajput M, Gupta SK, Ivanov E, Reddy AS, Suwas S, Chatterjee K. Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of a Low-Modulus Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta Alloy for Orthopedic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8506-8517. [PMID: 35309459 PMCID: PMC8928530 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) was attempted here to additively manufacture a new generation orthopedic β titanium alloy Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta toward engineering patient-specific implants. Parts were fabricated using four different values of energy density (ED) input ranging from 46.6 to 54.8 J/mm3 through predefined laser beam parameters from prealloyed powders. All the conditions yielded parts of >98.5% of theoretical density. X-ray microcomputed tomography analyses of the fabricated parts revealed minimal imperfections with enhanced densification at a higher ED input. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a marginally larger d-spacing and tensile residual stress at the highest ED input that is ascribed to the steeper temperature gradients. Cellular to columnar dendritic transformation was observed at the highest ED along with an increase in the size of the solidified features indicating the synergetic effects of the temperature gradient and solidification growth rate. Density measurements indicated ≈99.5% theoretical density achieved for an ED of 50.0 J/mm3. The maximum tensile strength of ≈660 MPa was obtained at an ED of 54.8 J/mm3 through the formation of the columnar dendritic substructure. High ductility ranging from 25 to 30% was observed in all the fabricated parts irrespective of ED. The assessment of cytocompatibility in vitro indicated good attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts on the fabricated samples that were similar to the cell response on commercially pure titanium, confirming the potential of the additively manufactured Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta as a suitable material for biomedical applications. Taken together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of L-PBF of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta for potentially engineering patient-specific orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Nadammal
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Monika Rajput
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Eugene Ivanov
- Tosoh
SMD Inc., Grove City, Ohio 43123, United
States
| | | | - Satyam Suwas
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Prophylactic Antibiofilm Activity of Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cements against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020137. [PMID: 35203740 PMCID: PMC8868455 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacilli can be responsible for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) even if staphylococci are the main involved pathogens. Gram-negative PJIs (GN-PJI) are considered difficult-to-treat infections due to the increase in antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. To minimize the risk of infection in cases of arthroplasties with cemented prosthesis, bone cement can be loaded with antibiotics, especially gentamicin. In this study, we aimed to compare the prophylactic antibiofilm activity of ready-to-use antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBC), already commercialized or new prototypes. We compared ALBCs containing gentamicin alone, gentamicin plus vancomycin, gentamicin plus clindamycin, gentamicin plus Fosfomycin, and fosfomycin alone, to plain cement (no antibiotic); these comparisons were conducted to investigate the biofilm formation of three strains of Escherichia coli, three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, with or without specific resistance to gentamicin or fosfomycin. We reported that ALBC containing gentamicin and clindamycin (COPAL G+C) seems to be the most interesting ALBC of our tested panel for the prevention of biofilm formation by gentamicin-susceptible strains, even if clindamycin is not effective against Gram-negative bacteria. However, gentamicin-resistant strains are still a problem, and further studies are needed to identify an antibiotic to associate with gentamicin for an efficient dual ALBC against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Ronin D, Boyer J, Alban N, Natoli RM, Johnson A, Kjellerup BV. Current and novel diagnostics for orthopedic implant biofilm infections: a review. APMIS 2021; 130:59-81. [PMID: 34862649 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm infections involving orthopedic implants are a global problem. They contribute to severe complications and mortality, as well as increased use of antibiotic treatments and development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. More than 1 million hip and knee arthroplasties are performed each year in the United States. These hard-to-treat infections lead to patient distress, increased morbidity, and high financial costs to both patients and healthcare systems. There is a need to improve the diagnosis of such biofilm infections to allow for earlier detection and treatment. Current diagnostics rely on clinical signs for infections such as loss of function, fever, rubor, patient history of the predisposing condition, persisting infection, failure of antibiotic treatment, and documentation of antibiotic failure. Below, we present a framework which outlines the data gaps in the conventional laboratory techniques used in clinical diagnostics; we also discuss promising novel diagnostic methods which are currently used solely in research. It is critical to assess these novel infection diagnostic techniques and address the data gaps and clinical hesitance preventing application in a clinical setting. Additionally, the combination of conventional and novel diagnostic technologies would streamline the diagnostic process of biofilm infections associated with orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ronin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Boyer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan Alban
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Roman M Natoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Aaron Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Birthe Veno Kjellerup
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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11
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Asghar S, Khan IU, Salman S, Khalid SH, Ashfaq R, Vandamme TF. Plant-derived nanotherapeutic systems to counter the overgrowing threat of resistant microbes and biofilms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114019. [PMID: 34699940 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since antiquity, the survival of human civilization has always been threatened by the microbial infections. An alarming surge in the resistant microbial strains against the conventional drugs is quite evident in the preceding years. Furthermore, failure of currently available regimens of antibiotics has been highlighted by the emerging threat of biofilms in the community and hospital settings. Biofilms are complex dynamic composites rich in extracellular polysaccharides and DNA, supporting plethora of symbiotic microbial life forms, that can grow on both living and non-living surfaces. These enforced structures are impervious to the drugs and lead to spread of recurrent and non-treatable infections. There is a strong realization among the scientists and healthcare providers to work out alternative strategies to combat the issue of drug resistance and biofilms. Plants are a traditional but rich source of effective antimicrobials with wider spectrum due to presence of multiple constituents in perfect synergy. Other than the biocompatibility and the safety profile, these phytochemicals have been repeatedly proven to overcome the non-responsiveness of resistant microbes and films via multiple pathways such as blocking the efflux pumps, better penetration across the cell membranes or biofilms, and anti-adhesive properties. However, the unfavorable physicochemical attributes and stability issues of these phytochemicals have hampered their commercialization. These issues of the phytochemicals can be solved by designing suitably constructed nanoscaled structures. Nanosized systems can not only improve the physicochemical features of the encapsulated payloads but can also enhance their pharmacokinetic and therapeutic profile. This review encompasses why and how various types of phytochemicals and their nanosized preparations counter the microbial resistance and the biofouling. We believe that phytochemical in tandem with nanotechnological innovations can be employed to defeat the microbial resistance and biofilms. This review will help in better understanding of the challenges associated with developing such platforms and their future prospects.
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Martins Antunes de Melo WDC, Celiešiūtė-Germanienė R, Šimonis P, Stirkė A. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields. Virulence 2021; 12:2247-2272. [PMID: 34496717 PMCID: PMC8437467 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1960105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, microbial biofilms have been the cause of a wide variety of infections in the human body, reaching 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections. The biofilms present specific properties that increase the resistance to antimicrobial treatments. Thus, the development of new approaches is urgent, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising candidate. aPDT involves a synergic association of a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and visible light, producing highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause the oxidation of several cellular components. This therapy attacks many components of the biofilm, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix; causing inhibition even in the cells that are inside the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Recent advances in designing new PSs to increase the production of ROS and the combination of aPDT with other therapies, especially pulsed electric fields (PEF), have contributed to enhanced biofilm inhibition. The PEF has proven to have antimicrobial effect once it is known that extensive chemical reactions occur when electric fields are applied. This type of treatment kills microorganisms not only due to membrane rupture but also due to the formation of reactive compounds including free oxygen, hydrogen, hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. So, this review aims to show the progress of aPDT and PEF against the biofilms, suggesting that the association of both methods can potentiate their effects and overcome biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa de Cassia Martins Antunes de Melo
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Raimonda Celiešiūtė-Germanienė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Šimonis
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
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13
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Khalifa AA, Bakr HM, Farouk OA. Biomaterials and technologies in the management of periprosthetic infection after total hip arthroplasty: An updated review. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SURGERY AND RESEARCH 2021; 5:142-151. [DOI: 10.25259/jmsr_51_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Although total hip arthroplasty (THA) is considered one of the most efficacious procedures for managing various hip conditions, failures due to different mechanisms are still being reported. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the devastating causes of failure and revision of THA. PJI carries a burden on the patient, the surgeon, and the health-care system. The diagnosis and management of PJIs carry many morbidities and increased treatment costs. The development of PJI is multifactorial, including issues related to the patient’s general condition, the surgeon’s efficiency, surgical technique, and the implants used. Recent advances in the area of diagnosis and predicting PJI as well as introducing new technologies and biomaterials update for the prevention and treatment of PJI. Local implant coatings, advancement in the bearing surfaces technologies, and new technologies such as immunotherapy and bacteriophage therapy were introduced and suggested as contemporary PJI eradication solutions. In this review, we aimed at discussing some of the newly introduced materials and technologies for the sake of PJI control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Khalifa
- Department of Orthopedics, Qena Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hatem M. Bakr
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt,
| | - Osama A. Farouk
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt,
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14
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Kheir MM, Dilley JE, Ziemba-Davis M, Meneghini RM. The AAHKS Clinical Research Award: Extended Oral Antibiotics Prevent Periprosthetic Joint Infection in High-Risk Cases: 3855 Patients With 1-Year Follow-Up. J Arthroplasty 2021; 36:S18-S25. [PMID: 33589279 PMCID: PMC9161732 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical and host factors predispose patients to periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). While surgical factors are modifiable, host factors can be challenging, and there are limited data demonstrating that preoperative patient optimization decreases risk of PJI. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether extended oral antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the one-year infection rate in high-risk patients. METHODS A total of 3855 consecutive primary THAs and TKAs performed between 2011 and 2019 at a suburban academic hospital with modern perioperative and infection-prevention protocols were retrospectively reviewed. Beginning in January 2015, a 7-day oral antibiotic prophylaxis protocol was implemented after discharge for patients at high risk for PJI. The percentage of high-risk patients diagnosed with PJI within 1 year was compared between groups that did and did not receive extended antibiotic prophylaxis. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed, with P ≤ .05 denoting statistical significance. RESULTS Overall 1-year infection rates were 2.26% and 0.85% after THA and TKA, respectively. High-risk patients with extended antibiotic prophylaxis had a significantly lower rate of PJI than high-risk patients without extended antibiotic prophylaxis (0.89% vs 2.64%, respectively; P < .001). There was no difference in the infection rate between high-risk patients who received antibiotics and low-risk patients (0.89% vs 1.29%, respectively; P = .348) with numbers available. CONCLUSION Extended postoperative oral antibiotic prophylaxis for 7 days led to a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in 1-year infection rates of patients at high risk for infection. In fact, the PJI rate in high-risk patients who received antibiotics was less than the rate seen in low-risk patients. Thus, extended oral antibiotic prophylaxis may be a simple measure to effectively counteract poor host factors. Moreover, the findings of this study may mitigate the incentive to select healthier patients in outcome-based reimbursement models. Further study with a multicenter randomized control trial is needed to further validate this protocol. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Kheir
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Julian E. Dilley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - R. Michael Meneghini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Indiana University Health Saxony Hip & Knee Center, Fishers, IN,Address correspondence to: R. Michael Meneghini, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University Health Physicians Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 13100 East 136th Street, Suite 2000, Fishers, IN 46037
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15
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Ferry T, Batailler C, Souche A, Cassino C, Chidiac C, Perpoint T, le Corvaisier C, Josse J, Gaillard R, Roger J, Kolenda C, Lustig S, Laurent F. Arthroscopic "Debridement and Implant Retention" With Local Administration of Exebacase (Lysin CF-301) Followed by Suppressive Tedizolid as Salvage Therapy in Elderly Patients for Relapsing Multidrug-Resistant S. epidermidis Prosthetic Knee Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:550853. [PMID: 34055817 PMCID: PMC8163228 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.550853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exebacase, a recombinantly produced lysin has recently (i) reported proof-of-concept data from a phase II study in S. aureus bacteremia and (ii) demonstrated antibiofilm activity in vitro against S. epidermidis. In patients with relapsing multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. epidermidis prosthetic knee infection (PKI), the only surgical option is prosthesis exchange. In elderly patients who have undergone several revisions, prosthesis explantation could be associated with definitive loss of function and mortality. In our BJI reference regional center, arthroscopic debridement and implant retention with local administration of exebacase (LysinDAIR) followed by suppressive tedizolid as salvage therapy is proposed for elderly patients with recurrent MDR S. epidermidis PKI with no therapeutic option or therapeutic dead end (for whom revision or transfemoral amputation is not feasible and no other oral option is available). Each use was decided in agreement with the French health authority and in accordance with the local ethics committee. A written consent was obtained for each patient. Exebacase (75 mg/mL; 30 mL) was administered directly into the joint during arthroscopy. Four patients (79-89 years old) were treated with the LysinDAIR procedure. All had several previous prosthetic knee revisions without prosthesis loosening. Three had relapsing PKI despite suppressive antibiotics following open DAIR. Two had clinical signs of septic arthritis; the two others had sinus tract. After the LysinDAIR procedure, no adverse events occurred during arthroscopy; all patients received daptomycin 8 mg/kg and linezolid 600 mg bid (4-6 weeks) as primary therapy, followed by tedizolid 200 mg/day as suppressive therapy. At 6 months, recurrence of the sinus tract occurred in the two patients with sinus tract at baseline. After >1 year follow up, the clinical outcome was favorable in the last two patients with total disappearance of clinical signs of septic arthritis even if microbiological persistence was detected in one of them. Exebacase has the potential to be used in patients with staphylococci PKI during arthroscopic DAIR as salvage therapy to improve the efficacy of suppressive antibiotics and to prevent major loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Ferry
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Batailler
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aubin Souche
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cara Cassino
- ContraFect Corporation, Yonkers, NY, United States
| | - Christian Chidiac
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Perpoint
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jérôme Josse
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Gaillard
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Roger
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Kolenda
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Lustig
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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16
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Ferry T, Kolenda C, Batailler C, Gaillard R, Gustave CA, Lustig S, Fevre C, Petitjean C, Leboucher G, Laurent F. Case Report: Arthroscopic "Debridement Antibiotics and Implant Retention" With Local Injection of Personalized Phage Therapy to Salvage a Relapsing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Prosthetic Knee Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:569159. [PMID: 34026768 PMCID: PMC8132876 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.569159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically target bacteria. They are considered to have a high potential in patients with prosthetic joint infection (PJI), as they have a synergistic anti-biofilm activity with antibiotics. We report here the case of an 88-year-old man (63 kg) with relapsing Pseudomonas aeruginosa prosthetic knee infection. The patient had severe alteration of the general status and was bedridden with congestive heart failure. As prosthesis explantation and/or exchange was not feasible, we proposed to this patient the use of phage therapy to try to control the disease in accordance with the local ethics committee and the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM). Three phages, targeting P. aeruginosa, were selected based on their lytic activity on the patient's strain (phagogram). Hospital pharmacist mixed extemporaneously the active phages (initial concentration 1 ml of 1 × 1010 PFU/ml for each phage) to obtain a cocktail of phages in a suspension form (final dilution 1 × 109 PFU/ml for both phages). Conventional arthroscopy was performed and 30 cc of the magistral preparation was injected through the arthroscope (PhagoDAIR procedure). The patient received intravenous ceftazidime and then oral ciprofloxacin as suppressive antimicrobial therapy. Under this treatment, the patient rapidly improved with disappearance of signs of heart failure and pain of the left knee. During the follow-up of 1 year, the local status of the left knee was normal, and its motion and walking were unpainful. The present case suggests that the PhagoDAIR procedure by arthroscopy has the potential to be used as salvage therapy for patients with P. aeruginosa relapsing PJI, in combination with suppressive antimicrobial therapy. A Phase II clinical study deserves to be performed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Ferry
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre interrégional de Référence pour la prise en charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Kolenda
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre interrégional de Référence pour la prise en charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre National de référence des staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Batailler
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre interrégional de Référence pour la prise en charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Gaillard
- Centre interrégional de Référence pour la prise en charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claude-Alexandre Gustave
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre interrégional de Référence pour la prise en charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre National de référence des staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Lustig
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre interrégional de Référence pour la prise en charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Gilles Leboucher
- Service de Pharmacie Hospitalière, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre interrégional de Référence pour la prise en charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre National de référence des staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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17
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Khan J, Tarar SM, Gul I, Nawaz U, Arshad M. Challenges of antibiotic resistance biofilms and potential combating strategies: a review. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:169. [PMID: 33816046 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02707-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this modern era, medicine is facing many alarming challenges. Among different challenges, antibiotics are gaining importance. Recent years have seen unprecedented increase in knowledge and understanding of various factors that are root cause of the spread and development of resistance in microbes against antibiotics. The infection results in the formation of microbial colonies which are termed as biofilms. However, it has been found that a multiple factors contribute in the formation of antimicrobial resistance. Due to higher dose of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) as well as of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), a large batch of antibiotics available today are of no use as they are ineffective against infections. Therefore, to control infections, there is dire need to adopt alternative treatment for biofilm infection other than antibiotics. This review highlights the latest techniques that are being used to cure the menace of biofilm infections. A wide range of mechanisms has been examined with particular attention towards avenues which can be proved fruitful in the treatment of biofilms. Besides, newer strategies, i.e., matrix centered are also discussed as alternative therapeutic techniques including modulating microbial metabolism, matrix degrading enzyme, photodynamic therapy, natural compounds quorum sensing and nanotechnology which are being used to disrupt extra polymeric substances (EPS) matrix of desired bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javairia Khan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Mudassar Tarar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Gul
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Uzam Nawaz
- Department of Statistics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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18
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Dula S, Ajayeoba TA, Ijabadeniyi OA. Bacterial biofilm formation on stainless steel in the food processing environment and its health implications. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:293-302. [PMID: 33768506 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation (BF) and production in the food processing industry (FPI) is a continual threat to food safety and quality. Various bacterial pathogens possess the ability to adhere and produce biofilms on stainless steel (SS) in the FPI due to flagella, curli, pili, fimbrial adhesins, extra polymeric substances, and surface proteins. The facilitating environmental conditions (temperature, pressure, variations in climatic conditions), SS properties (surface energy, hydrophobicity, surface roughness, topography), type of raw food materials, pre-processing, and processing conditions play a significant role in the enhancement of bacterial adhesion and favorable condition for BF. Furthermore, biofilm formers can tolerate different sanitizers and cleaning agents due to the constituents, concentration, contact time, bacterial cluster distribution, and composition of bacteria within the biofilm. Also, bacterial biofilms' ability to produce various endotoxins and exotoxins when consumed cause food infections and intoxications with serious health implications. It is thus crucial to understand BF's repercussions and develop effective interventions against these phenomena that make persistent pathogens difficult to remove in the food processing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Dula
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Titilayo Adenike Ajayeoba
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria.
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19
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Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of graphene and its derivatives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111588. [PMID: 33529928 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections resulting from bacteria and biofilms have become a huge problem threatening human health. In recent years, the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of graphene and its derivatives have been extensively studied. However, there continues to be some controversy over whether graphene and its derivatives can resist infection and biofilms. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanism and cytotoxicity of graphene and its derivatives are unclear. In the present review, antibacterial and antibiofilm abilities of graphene and its derivatives in solution, on the surface are reviewed, and their toxicity and possible mechanisms are also reviewed. Furthermore, we propose possible future development directions for graphene and its derivatives in antibacterial and antibiofilm applications.
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20
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Colino CI, Lanao JM, Gutierrez-Millan C. Recent advances in functionalized nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111843. [PMID: 33579480 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing problem of resistant infections due to antibiotic misuse is a worldwide concern that poses a grave threat to healthcare systems. Thus, it is necessary to discover new strategies to combat infectious diseases. In this review, we provide a selective overview of recent advances in the use of nanocomposites as alternatives to antibiotics in antimicrobial treatments. Metals and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been associated with inorganic and organic supports to improve their antibacterial activity and stability as well as other properties. For successful antibiotic treatment, it is critical to achieve a high drug concentration at the infection site. In recent years, the development of stimuli-responsive systems has allowed the vectorization of antibiotics to the site of infection. These nanomaterials can be triggered by various mechanisms (such as changes in pH, light, magnetic fields, and the presence of bacterial enzymes); additionally, they can improve antibacterial efficacy and reduce side effects and microbial resistance. To this end, various types of modified polymers, lipids, and inorganic components (such as metals, silica, and graphene) have been developed. Applications of these nanocomposites in diverse fields ranging from food packaging, environment, and biomedical antimicrobial treatments to diagnosis and theranosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Colino
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Spain; The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - José M Lanao
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Spain; The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain.
| | - Carmen Gutierrez-Millan
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Spain; The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
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21
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Elliott DT, Wiggins RJ, Dua R. Bioinspired antibacterial surface for orthopedic and dental implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:973-981. [PMID: 33241668 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections still present a significant concern in orthopedic and dental implant failure. Previous investigations have focused on modifying the surface texture, roughness, or coating implants with antibiotics to provide enhanced anti-bacterial properties. However, they have demonstrated limited success. In this study, we attempted to engineer the titanium (Ti) alloy surface biomimetically at the nano level using alkaline hydrothermal treatment (AHT) inspired by cicada's wing structure. Two modified surfaces of Ti plates were developed using 4 and 8-hr AHT at 230°C. We found that the control plates showed a relatively smooth surface, with little artifacts on the surface. In contrast, 4-hr AHT and 8-hr AHT plates showed nano-spikes of heights around 250-350 and 100-1,250 nm, respectively, that were distributed randomly all over the surface. We found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) number of non-viable cells for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacterial strains when incubated for 1 hr in a dynamic environment when compared with the control group. The 8-hr AHT groups killed 38.97% more S. aureus in static culture and 11.27% in a dynamic environment than the 4-hr AHT. Overall, the findings indicate that the nanostructures generated on titanium by the AHT showed significant bactericidal properties. We, therefore, recommend conducting alkaline hydrothermal treatment on the surfaces for future orthopedic and dental metallic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew T Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, Hampden-Sydney College, Sydney, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Sydney, Virginia, USA
| | - Russell J Wiggins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Rupak Dua
- Department of Chemistry, Hampden-Sydney College, Sydney, Virginia, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA
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Palka L, Mazurek-Popczyk J, Arkusz K, Baldy-Chudzik K. Susceptibility to biofilm formation on 3D-printed titanium fixation plates used in the mandible: a preliminary study. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1838164. [PMID: 33194115 PMCID: PMC7598999 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1838164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In the oral and maxillofacial surgery, fixation plates are commonly used for the stabilization of bone fragments. Additive manufacturing has enabled us to design and create personalized fixation devices that would ideally fit any given fracture. Aim: The aim of the present preliminary study was to assess the susceptibility of 3D-printed titanium fixation plates to biofilm formation. Methods: Plates were manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM) from Ti-6Al-4 V. Reference strains of Streptococcus mutans, Staphyloccocus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Candida albicans, were tested to evaluate the material's susceptibility to biofilm formation over 48 hours. Biofilm formations were quantified by a colorimetric method and colony-forming units (CFU) quantification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) visualized the structure of the biofilm. Results: Surface analysis revealed the average roughness of 102.75 nm and irregular topography of the tested plates. They were susceptible to biofilm formation by all tested strains. The average CFUs were as follows: S. mutans (11.91 x 107) > S.epidermidis (4.45 x 107) > S. aureus (2.3 x 107) > C.albicans (1.22 x 107) > L. rhamnosus (0.78 x 107). Conclusions: The present preliminary study showed that rough surfaces of additively manufactured titanium plates are susceptible to microbial adhesion. The research should be continued in order to compare additively manufactured plates with other commercially available osteotomy plates. Therefore, we suggest caution when using this type of material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Palka
- Private Dental Practice, Zary, Poland
- ScienceBioTech, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Mazurek-Popczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Arkusz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Baldy-Chudzik
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
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Image-guided in situ detection of bacterial biofilms in a human prosthetic knee infection model: a feasibility study for clinical diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:757-767. [PMID: 32901352 PMCID: PMC8036220 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to an increased human life expectancy, the need to replace arthritic or dysfunctional joints by prosthetics is higher than ever before. Prosthetic joints are unfortunately inherently susceptible to bacterial infection accompanied by biofilm formation. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is vital to increase therapeutic success. Yet, established diagnostic modalities cannot directly detect bacterial biofilms on prostheses. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating whether arthroscopic optical imaging can accurately detect bacterial biofilms on prosthetic joints. METHODS Here, we applied a conjugate of the antibiotic vancomycin and the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye800CW, in short vanco-800CW, in combination with arthroscopic optical imaging to target and visualize biofilms on infected prostheses. RESULTS We show in a human post-mortem prosthetic knee infection model that a staphylococcal biofilm is accurately detected in real time and distinguished from sterile sections in high resolution. In addition, we demonstrate that biofilms associated with the clinically most relevant bacterial species can be detected using vanco-800CW. CONCLUSION The presented image-guided arthroscopic approach provides direct visual diagnostic information and facilitates immediate appropriate treatment selection.
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Ferry T, Batailler C, Brosset S, Kolenda C, Goutelle S, Sappey-Marinier E, Josse J, Laurent F, Lustig S. Medical innovations to maintain the function in patients with chronic PJI for whom explantation is not desirable: a pathophysiology-, multidisciplinary-, and experience-based approach. SICOT J 2020; 6:26. [PMID: 32633714 PMCID: PMC7339926 DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PJI is the most dramatic complication after joint arthroplasty. In patients with chronic infection, prosthesis exchange is in theory the rule. However, this surgical approach is sometimes not desirable especially in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, as it could be associated with a dramatic loss of function, reduction of the bone stock, fracture, or peroperative death. We propose here to report different approaches that can help to maintain the function in such patients based on a pathophysiology-, multidisciplinary-, and an experience-based approach. METHODS We describe the different points that are needed to treat such patients: (i) the multidisciplinary care management; (ii) understanding the mechanism of bacterial persistence; (iii) optimization of the conservative surgical approach; (iv) use of suppressive antimicrobial therapy (SAT); (v) implementation of innovative agents that could be used locally to target the biofilm. RESULTS In France, a nation-wide network called CRIOAc has been created and funded by the French Health ministry to manage complex bone and joint infection. Based on the understanding of the complex pathophysiology of PJI, it seems to be feasible to propose conservative surgical treatment such as "debridement antibiotics and implant retention" (with or without soft-tissue coverage) followed by SAT to control the disease progression. Finally, there is a rational for the use of particular agents that have the ability to target the bacteria embedded in biofilm such as bacteriophages and phage lysins. DISCUSSION This multistep approach is probably a key determinant to propose innovative management in patients with complex PJI, to improve the outcome. CONCLUSION Conservative treatment has a high potential in patients with chronic PJI for whom explantation is not desirable. The next step will be to evaluate such practices in nation-wide clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Ferry
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France - Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France - CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Batailler
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France - Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France - Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Brosset
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France - Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France - Service de Chirurgie Plastique et Reconstructrice, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Camille Kolenda
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France - Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France - CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France - Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Goutelle
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France - Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France - Service de Pharmacie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hôpital Pierre Garraud, 136 Rue du Commandant Charcot, 69005 Lyon, France - UMR CNRS 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elliot Sappey-Marinier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France - Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France - Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Josse
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France - Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France - CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France - Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France - Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France - CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France - Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Lustig
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France - Centre Interrégional de Référence Pour la Prise en Charge des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires Complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France - Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 93 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
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Jordan SFA, Treude T, Leifer I, Janßen R, Werner J, Schulz-Vogt H, Schmale O. Bubble-mediated transport of benthic microorganisms into the water column: Identification of methanotrophs and implication of seepage intensity on transport efficiency. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4682. [PMID: 32170164 PMCID: PMC7070025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic microorganisms transported into the water column potentially influence biogeochemical cycles and the pelagic food web structure. In the present study six gas-releasing vent sites in the Coal Oil Point seep field (California) were investigated, and the dislocation of microorganisms from the sediment into the water column via gas bubbles released from the seabed was documented. It was found that the methanotrophs transport efficiency was dependent on the volumetric gas flow, with the highest transport rate of 22.7 × 103 cells mLgas−1 at a volumetric gas flow of 0.07 mLgas s−1, and the lowest rate of 0.2 × 103 cells mLgas−1 at a gas flow of 2.2 mLgas s−1. A simple budget approach showed that this bubble-mediated transport has the potential to maintain a relevant part of the water-column methanotrophs in the seep field. The bubble-mediated link between the benthic and pelagic environment was further supported by genetic analyses, indicating a transportation of methanotrophs of the family Methylomonaceae and oil degrading bacteria of the genus Cycloclasticus from the sediment into the water column. These findings demonstrate that the bubble-mediated transport of microorganisms influences the pelagic microbial abundance and community composition at gas-releasing seep sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Treude
- University of California, Los Angeles Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ira Leifer
- Bubbleology Research International, Solvang, California, USA
| | - René Janßen
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Werner
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Heide Schulz-Vogt
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmale
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany.
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Jie K, Deng P, Cao H, Feng W, Chen J, Zeng Y. Prosthesis design of animal models of periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223402. [PMID: 31581252 PMCID: PMC6776332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing annually. Animal models have been used to clarify their clinical characteristics and the infection mechanism of pathogenic bacteria, However, since the prosthesis design of animal models is not uniform, it is difficult to simulate the environment of clinical PJI. OBJECTIVES To retrospect the progress on the prosthesis design of animal models of PJI after TKA and to summarize the criteria for evaluating a clinically representative model of PJI. METHODS This systematic review was reported on the basis of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Pubmed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were researched for animal models of PJI after TKA from database establishment to April 2019 according to Chinese and English retrieval words, including "periprosthetic joint infections and total knee arthroplasty," "periprosthetic joint infections and model," "periprosthetic joint infections and biofilm," and "total knee arthroplasty and model." RESULTS A total of 12 quantitative studies were enrolled in our study finally: 8 representative studies described prosthesis designs used in PJI animal models, 4 studies described prosthesis designs in non-infected animal models which were suitable for infection models. The major problems need to be dealed with were prosthesis, installation location, material, the function of separating the articular and medullary cavity, fixation manner, and the procedure of preserving the posterior cruciate ligament. CONCLUSION A highly representative design of the animal prosthesis of PJI should meet the following criteria: the surface of the prosthesis is smooth with the formation of biofilm, composed of titanium-6Al-4V or cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy; prosthesis can bear weight and is highly stable; and it can connect the joint cavity and medullary cavity simultaneously. To reach a more reliable conclusion, further experiments and improvements are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jie
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Deng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Houran Cao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenjun Feng
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinlun Chen
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yirong Zeng
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Paduszynska MA, Maciejewska M, Neubauer D, Golacki K, Szymukowicz M, Bauer M, Kamysz W. Influence of Short Cationic Lipopeptides with Fatty Acids of Different Chain Lengths on Bacterial Biofilms Formed on Polystyrene and Hydrogel Surfaces. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E506. [PMID: 31581500 PMCID: PMC6835763 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biomaterials are applied in many different branches of medicine. They significantly improve the patients' comfort and quality of life, but also constitute a significant risk factor for biofilm-associated infections. Currently, intensive research on the development of novel materials resistant to microbial colonization as well as new compounds that are active against biofilms is being carried out. Within this research, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their analogues are being intensively investigated due to their promising antimicrobial activities. The main goal of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of short cationic lipopeptides that were designed to imitate the features of AMPs responsible for antimicrobial activities: positive net charge and amphipacity. The positive charge of the molecules results from the presence of basic amino acid residues: arginine and lysine. Amphipacity is provided by the introduction of decanoic, dodecanoic, tetradecanoic, and hexadecanoic acid chains to the molecules. Lipopeptides (C16-KR-NH2, C16-KKK-NH2, C16-KKC-NH2, C16-KGK-NH2, C14-KR-NH2, C14-KKC-NH2, C12-KR-NH2, C12-KKC-NH2, and (C10)2-KKKK-NH2) were synthesized using a novel solid-phase temperature-assisted methodology. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs), and minimum biofilm formation inhibitory concentrations (MBFICs) were determined for the following bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Proteus mirabilis PCM 543. The biofilms were cultured on two types of surfaces: polystyrene plates (PS) and contact lenses (CL). The lipopeptides exhibited the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria in a liquid medium as well as on the PS and CL. The compounds also eliminated the bacterial biofilm from the surface of both materials. In general, the activity against gram-positive bacteria was stronger in comparison to that against gram-negative strains. There were certain discrepancies between the activity of compounds against the biofilm cultured on PS and CL. This was especially noticeable for staphylococci-the lipopeptides presented much higher activity against biofilm formed on the PS surface. It is worth noting that the obtained MBEC values for lipopeptides were usually only a few times higher than the MICs. The results of the performed experiments suggest that further studies on lipopeptides and their potential application in the treatment and prophylaxis of biofilm-associated infections should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Anna Paduszynska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory Avena Sp. z.o.o., 86-031 Osielsko, Poland.
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Golacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szymukowicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marta Bauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
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Memariani H, Memariani M, Ghasemian A. An overview on anti-biofilm properties of quercetin against bacterial pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:143. [PMID: 31493142 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are multicellular aggregates enclosed in a self-created biopolymer matrix. Biofilm-producing bacteria have become a great public health problem worldwide because biofilms enable these microorganisms to evade several clearance mechanisms produced by host and synthetic sources. Over the past years, different flavonoids including quercetin have engrossed considerable interest among researchers owing to their potential anti-biofilm properties. To our knowledge, there is no review regarding effects of quercetin towards bacterial biofilms, prompting us to summarize experimental evidence on its anti-biofilm properties. Quercetin inhibits biofilm development by a diverse array of bacterial pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Prevention of bacterial adhesion, suppression of quorum-sensing pathways, disruption or alteration of plasma membrane, inhibition of efflux pumps, and blocking nucleic acid synthesis have been documented as major anti-biofilm mechanisms of quercetin. Overall, anti-biofilm activity of quercetin can open up new horizons in a wide range of biomedical areas, from food industry to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Memariani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Memariani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pires MEE, Parreira AG, Silva TNL, Colares HC, da Silva JA, de Magalhães JT, Galdino AS, Gonçalves DB, Granjeiro JM, Granjeiro PA. Recent Patents on Impact of Lipopeptide on the Biofilm Formation onto Titanium and Stainless Steel Surfaces. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2019; 14:49-62. [PMID: 31438836 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666190822150323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous causes of infection in arthroplasties are related to biofilm formation on implant surfaces. In order to circumvent this problem, new alternatives to prevent bacterial adhesion biosurfactants-based are emerging due to low toxicity, biodegradability and antimicrobial activity of several biosurfactants. We revised all patents relating to biosurfactants of applicability in orthopedic implants. METHODS This work aims to evaluate the capability of a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 isolates acting as inhibitors of the adhesion of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 onto titanium and stainless steel surfaces and its antimicrobial activity. RESULTS The adhesion of the strains to the stainless-steel surface was higher than that of titanium. Preconditioning of titanium and stainless-steel surfaces with 10 mg mL-1 lipopeptide reduced the adhesion of E. coli by up to 93% and the adhesion of S. aureus by up to 99.9%, suggesting the strong potential of lipopeptides in the control of orthopedic infections. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were 10 and 240 µg mL-1 for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. CONCLUSION The lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 presented high biotechnological application in human health against orthopedic implants infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ezio Eustáquio Pires
- Biotechnology Process and Macromolecules Purification Laboratory, Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, Zip Code: 35501296, Brazil
| | - Adriano Guimarães Parreira
- Biotechnology Process and Macromolecules Purification Laboratory, Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, Zip Code: 35501296, Brazil
| | - Tuânia Natacha Lopes Silva
- Biotechnology Process and Macromolecules Purification Laboratory, Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, Zip Code: 35501296, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Carneiro Colares
- Biotechnology Process and Macromolecules Purification Laboratory, Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, Zip Code: 35501296, Brazil
| | - José Antonio da Silva
- Biotechnology Process and Macromolecules Purification Laboratory, Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, Zip Code: 35501296, Brazil
| | - Juliana Teixeira de Magalhães
- Microbiology Laboratory, Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, 35501296, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, 35501296, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bonoto Gonçalves
- Biotechnology Process and Macromolecules Purification Laboratory, Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, Zip Code: 35501296, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Bioengineering Laboratory, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Xerem, Duque de Caxias, RJ, 25250-020, Brazil.,Dental Clinical Research, Dentistry School, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Paulo Afonso Granjeiro
- Biotechnology Process and Macromolecules Purification Laboratory, Campus Centro Oeste, Federal University of Sao Joao Del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, Zip Code: 35501296, Brazil
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