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Incardona RM, Tremolada M. The Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Italian Families: The Perception of Quality of Life and Screening of Psychological Symptoms. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:519-529. [PMID: 38921708 PMCID: PMC11206805 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 period, families were forced to stay indoors, adapting to online schooling, remote work, and virtual social engagements, inevitably altering the dynamics within households. There was a notable increase in mental health challenges in terms of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. This study intended to explore the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian families by adopting self- and proxy-report questionnaires on anxiety, anger, and health-related quality of life. The results showed that approximately 20% obtained a clinical anxiety score and only 10% obtained a clinical anger score. There was a difference in the perception of the quality of life reported by the child and that perceived by the parent. A stepwise regression model showed that total anxiety scores were predicted by sex, quality of life scores from the parents' self-report version, and the total anger score. Another stepwise regression model identified physiological and social anxiety as the best predictors that impact quality of life. Parental well-being actively influences the well-being of children, so it is fundamental to implement preventive programs and promote child well-being by providing parents the most adequate support possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Tremolada
- Department of Development and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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Yücel U, Erkal Aksoy Y, Yaşar Yetişmiş H, Gök Ç. Psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary healthcare professionals in Turkey: One year into the pandemic. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38258514 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare professionals working in primary care settings in the first year of the pandemic. BACKGROUND The healthcare industry has faced an unprecedented burden in the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary care professionals experienced the high level of psychological problems. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 793 healthcare professionals from different regions of Turkey participated in this cross-sectional study. The STROBE (Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) checklist was used in the study. Data were collected online. RESULTS It has been found that more than half of healthcare professionals experienced severe depression, three-quarters experienced anxiety, and almost half experienced stress. It was also found that about half of the participants experienced a high degree of acute and chronic fatigue, and one-fifth experienced low inter-shift recovery. CONCLUSION The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of primary care professionals, especially nurses and midwives, are alarming. The problems that arise from the flawed healthcare delivery models and gender inequality, which worsen the usual psychological effects of the pandemic on primary care professionals, should be addressed urgently. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Psychological support and rehabilitative services should be expanded to eliminate the short- and long-term psychological effects of the pandemic on healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummahan Yücel
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Erkal Aksoy
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Habibe Yaşar Yetişmiş
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Gök
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Uşak Dikilitaş Family Health Center, Uşak, Turkey
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Estevez M, Oppenchaim N, Rezzoug D, Laurent I, Domecq S, Khireddine-Medouni I, Thierry X, Galera C, De Stefano C, Vandentorren S. Social determinants associated with psychological distress in children and adolescents during and after the first COVID-19-related lockdown in France: results from the CONFEADO study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1374. [PMID: 37464340 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the parental socio-demographic characteristics of children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years old, as well as the living and housing conditions associated with the psychological distress in these two sub-populations during and after France's first national COVID-19-related lockdown in spring 2020. METHODS We used data from the cross-sectional, observational, web-based study CONFEADO, which collected data on children and adolescents' living and housing conditions and socio-demographic characteristics as well as those of their parents. It also collected data on children's and adolescents' health behaviors and psychological distress. We assessed psychological distress using the 10-item Children and Adolescents Psychological Distress Scale (CAPDS-10), and performed a multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 2882 children and adolescents were included in the present study. Factors associated with moderate psychological distress included being a female, parental financial difficulties, a lack of a private living space at home for the child/adolescent, and the following child health behaviors: no leisure or recreational activities with adults in the household, doing less than one hour of school homework a day, and not going outside during the lockdown. Severe psychological distress was associated with the parent's occupation (especially essential frontline workers), a lack of a private living space at home for the child/adolescent, and the following child health behaviors: spending over 5 h a day on social media, doing less than one hour of school homework a day, and no leisure or recreational activities with adults in the household. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the impact of housing and living conditions, as well as parents' socio-economic characteristics on children's health behaviors and psychological needs during the first COVID-19-related lockdown in France. Our results suggest that health policies implemented during future pandemics should consider these structural social determinants to prevent severe psychological distress in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Estevez
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Nicolas Oppenchaim
- Université de Tours, UMR CITERES 7324, 35 Allée Ferdinand de Lesseps, Tours, 37200, France
| | - Dalila Rezzoug
- Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and General Psychiatry, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
- Centre de Recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Isaura Laurent
- École nationale de la statistique et de l'analyse de l'information (ENSAI), Bruz, France
| | - Sandrine Domecq
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Xavier Thierry
- ELFE Joint Unit, French Institute for Demographic Studies (Ined), French Institute for Medical Research and Health (Inserm), Paris, France
| | - Cédric Galera
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carla De Stefano
- Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and General Psychiatry, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Urgences - Samu 93, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France.
- Santé publique France, Saint Maurice, France.
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.
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Yates J, Mantler T. The Resilience of Caregivers and Children in the Context of COVID-19: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1-20. [PMID: 36778656 PMCID: PMC9902831 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated caregivers and school-aged children to adapt to ongoing changes and uncertainty. Understanding why some caregivers and school-aged children area able to adapt and others are not could be attributed to resilience. The relationships between caregiver or child resilience and socioeconomic status (SES) in the context of COVID-19 remain largely un-explored. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative systematic review was to explore (1) what is currently known about the relationship between caregiver and child resilience in the context of COVID-19; and (2) the role of SES on caregiver or child resilience throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Four databases (i.e., MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) were systematically searched, title/abstract and full-text screening were conducted, and 17 articles met the inclusion criteria (i.e., discussed resilience of caregivers/children during COVID-19, mean age of children between 7-10, primary research/grey literature, English), including 15 peer-reviewed and two grey literature sources. Thematic analysis revealed five themes: (1) the mitigating effects of child resilience; (2) overcoming the psychological toll of the pandemic; (3) the unknown relationship: caregiver and child resilience; (4) family functioning during COVID-19; and (5) the perfect storm for socioeconomic impacts. Results from this review provide the first synthesis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the resilience of caregivers and school-aged children. Future research should conduct longitudinal data collection to understand the possible long-term impacts of the pandemic on these populations' resilience. Understanding these impacts will be integral to assisting families in bouncing back from the long-lasting adverse circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Yates
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
| | - Tara Mantler
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON Canada
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Jeamjitvibool T, Duangchan C, Mousa A, Mahikul W. The Association between Resilience and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14854. [PMID: 36429573 PMCID: PMC9690093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between resilience and psychological distress in healthcare workers, the general population, and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Science Direct, and Nursing and Allied Health databases. Included articles examined healthcare workers (e.g., physicians and nurses), the general population, and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies of exposure to other infectious diseases related to epidemics or pandemics (e.g., SARS and MERS) were excluded. This study was performed following the Cooper matrix review method and PRISMA guidelines, followed by a meta-analysis of study results using R version 4.1.2. A random effect model was used for the pooled analysis. This study was registered with PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42021261429). Based on the meta-analysis, we found a moderate negative relationship between overall resilience and psychological distress (r = -0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.45 to -0.38, p < 0.001). For the subgroup analysis, a moderately significant negative relationship between overall resilience and psychological distress was found among healthcare workers (r = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.33, p < 0.001), which was weaker than in the general population (r = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.50 to -0.39, p < 0.001) and in patients (r = -0.43; 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.33; p < 0.001). This association was robust, although the heterogeneity among individual effect sizes was substantial (I2 = 94%, 99%, and 74%, respectively). This study revealed a moderate negative relationship between resilience and psychological distress in healthcare workers, the general population, and patients. For all these populations, interventions and resources are needed to improve individuals' resilience and ability to cope with psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanakrit Jeamjitvibool
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cherdsak Duangchan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andria Mousa
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Wiriya Mahikul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Twardowska-Staszek E, Biel K, Rostek I, Seredyńska A. Causes of Stress Among Poles and How They Cope With Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:829918. [PMID: 35463496 PMCID: PMC9020827 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.829918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to learn about causes of stress among adult Poles and their ways of dealing with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey questionnaire was used, as well as two standardized research tools: Endler and Parker's Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and Watson and Clark's Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The research group comprised 595 people, including 80.5% women. They were 18-75 years old. The most important stress factors were concern for one's health, as well as the current political and economic situation in the country. Most of the participants lean toward avoidance-oriented coping with stress, fewer of them prefer emotion-oriented coping, and the remaining ones focus on task-oriented coping. Task-oriented style is typical of those who are older, married and those who have children. Emotion-oriented coping is more common among women, young people, unmarried people and those without children. Avoidance-oriented style is connected with those who are single, childless, and combining study with work. The most adaptive style of dealing with stress in terms of emotions was task-oriented coping. Psychological support focused on strengthening adaptive strategies of coping with stressful situations is an important task for professionals in the field.
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Li Y, Chen B, Hong Z, Sun Q, Dai Y, Basta M, Tang X, Qin Q. Insomnia symptoms during the early and late stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2022; 91:262-272. [PMID: 34732293 PMCID: PMC8479411 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the prevention/control measures for COVID-19 may cause insomnia during the acute phase of COVID-19 pandemic in China. However, it is unclear whether insomnia sustains during the later phases of the pandemic. METHODS We searched PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the 27th December 2019 to the 2nd February 2021. As early stage studies on COVID-19 pandemic in China were defined as those conducted prior to April 1st, 2020, while late stage studies were those conducted after April 1st, 2020. RESULTS A total of 98 studies with 193,889 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of insomnia symptoms among all populations was 39.1% (95% CI 36.2-42.0%); the pooled prevalence of insomnia symptoms during the early and late stages of COVID-19 in China were 37.0% (95% CI 34.1-39.9%) and 41.8% (95% CI 33.6-50.0%), respectively. Importantly, there was no significant difference regarding the prevalence of insomnia symptoms between the early and late stages of COVID-19. Meta-regression showed that healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients, patients with chronic medical conditions and patients with mental disorders had a higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms compared to the general population. This association remained significant in healthcare workers and patients with chronic medical conditions after adjusting for age, gender, areas of high or low prevalence of COVID-19 cases, anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS Over one third of our sample present insomnia symptoms during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in China. Interestingly, prevalence of insomnia symptoms sustains high during the late stage of the pandemic despite the control of the disease and the amelioration of its adverse effects. Our findings suggest that insomnia symptoms related to COVID-19 appear to persist of over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Baixin Chen
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China; Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhuoting Hong
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China; Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qimeng Sun
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China; Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanyuan Dai
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, China; Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Maria Basta
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Qin
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Giner L, Vera-Varela C, de la Vega D, Zelada GM, Guija JA. Suicidal Behavior in the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:1-10. [PMID: 35080711 PMCID: PMC8790944 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been numerous social changes to try to contain the spread of the disease. These sudden changes in daily life have also changed the way we relate to others, in addition to creating a climate of uncertainty and fear. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compile published data of the consequences of suicidal behavior in the first months from the onset of the pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS The analysis reflects a concern about issues related to suicide since the beginning of the pandemic. A large number of online surveys have been released and have provided data on relatively large populations. The percentage of the population with suicidal ideation in that period seems to be approximately 5-15%. Many studies associate suicidal ideation with being young, female, and presence of sleep problems. Surveys of healthcare workers do not seem to indicate a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation compared to the general population. The incidence of suicide attempts seen in emergency departments did not seem to change, while the number of visits for other issues, unrelated to suicide, did decrease. The few studies on completed suicide do not indicate an increase in incidence in these first 6 months since March 2020, when the WHO declared the start of the pandemic. It does not seem that there have been major changes in the figures related to suicidal behavior in the studies from the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, although it is still too early to know the consequences it will have long term. The social and economic damages resulting from the pandemic will certainly take a long time to recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Giner
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Diego de la Vega
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Unidad de Hospitalización de Salud Mental. Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental del Hospital Virgen Macarena. Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville, Spain
| | - Giovani M Zelada
- Internal Medicine/Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julio A Guija
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Medicina Legal Y Ciencias Forenses de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Students’ Mental Health: A Case Study of Jordanian Universities. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jech.8.4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Battista S, Dell'Isola A, Manoni M, Englund M, Palese A, Testa M. Experience of the COVID-19 pandemic as lived by patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis: an Italian qualitative study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053194. [PMID: 34706962 PMCID: PMC8551748 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic as lived by people with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA), in Italy. DESIGN A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews. SETTING Urban and suburban areas in northern Italy. PARTICIPANTS A total of 11 people with OA were enrolled through a purposeful sampling and completed the study. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The experience of Italian people with OA during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Four themes were brought to the forefront from the analysis of the interviews. (1) Being Stressed for the Limited Social Interactions and for the Family Members at High Risk of Infection, as the interviewees were frustrated because they could not see their loved ones or felt a sense of apprehension for their relatives. (2) Recurring Strategies to Cope with the Pandemic such as an active acceptance towards the situation. (3) Being Limited in the Possibility of Undergoing OA Complementary Treatments and Other Routine Medical Visits. (4) Being Unaware of the Importance of Physical Activity as First-Line Interventions which was an attitude already present before the pandemic. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions impacted the quality of life and the care of individuals with hip and knee OA. The social sphere seemed to be the most hindered. However, the interviewees developed a good level of acceptance to deal with the pandemic. When it came to their care, they faced a delay of routine medical visits not related to OA and of other complementary treatments (eg, physical therapies) to manage OA. Finally, a controversial result that emerged from these interviews was that first-line interventions for OA (ie, therapeutic exercise) was not sought by the interviewees, regardless of the restrictions dictated by the pandemic. Policy-making strategies are thus necessary to support the awareness of the importance of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battista
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Dell'Isola
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattia Manoni
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
| | - Martin Englund
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alvisa Palese
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Testa
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Campus of Savona, Savona, Italy
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Magnavita N, Soave PM, Antonelli M. A One-Year Prospective Study of Work-Related Mental Health in the Intensivists of a COVID-19 Hub Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9888. [PMID: 34574811 PMCID: PMC8466101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely tested the physical and mental health of health care workers (HCWs). The various stages of the epidemic have posed different problems; consequently, only a prospective study can effectively describe the changes in the workers' health. This repeated cross-sectional study is based on a one-year investigation (spring 2020 to spring 2021) of intensive care physicians in one of the two COVID-19 hub hospitals in Central Italy and aims to study the evolution of the mental health status of intensivists during the pandemic. Changes in their work activity due to the pandemic were studied anonymously together with their perception of organisational justice, occupational stress, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, burnout, job satisfaction, happiness, and intention to quit. In May-June 2021, one year after the baseline, doctors reported an increased workload, isolation at work and in their social life, a lack of time for physical activity and meditation, and compassion fatigue. Stress was inversely associated with the perception of justice in safety procedures and directly correlated with work isolation. Occupational stress was significantly associated with anxiety, depression, burnout, dissatisfaction, and their intention to quit. Procedural justice was significantly associated with happiness. Doctors believed vaccinations would help control the problem; however, this positive attitude had not yet resulted in improved mental health. Doctors reported high levels of distress (73%), sleep problems (28%), anxiety (25%), and depression (64%). Interventions to correct the situation are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maurizio Soave
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Baumann BM, Cooper RJ, Medak AJ, Lim S, Chinnock B, Frazier R, Roberts BW, Epel ES, Rodriguez RM. Emergency physician stressors, concerns, and behavioral changes during COVID-19: A longitudinal study. Acad Emerg Med 2021; 28:314-324. [PMID: 33492755 PMCID: PMC8014663 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The objective was to provide a longitudinal assessment of anxiety levels and work and home concerns of U.S. emergency physicians during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods We performed a longitudinal, cross‐sectional email survey of clinically active emergency physicians (attending, fellow, and resident) at seven academic emergency departments. Follow‐up surveys were sent 4 to 6 weeks after the initial survey and assessed the following: COVID‐19 patient exposure, availability of COVID‐19 testing, levels of home and workplace anxiety/stress, changes in behaviors, and performance on a primary care posttraumatic stress disorder screen (PC‐PTSD‐5). Logistic regression explored factors associated with a high PC‐PTSD‐5 scale score (≥3), indicating increased risk for PTSD. Results Of the 426 surveyed initial respondents, 262 (61.5%) completed the follow‐up survey. While 97.3% (255/262) reported treating suspected COVID‐19 patients, most physicians (162/262, 61.8%) had not received testing themselves. In follow‐up, respondents were most concerned about the relaxing of social distancing leading to a second wave (median score = 6, IQR = 4–7). Physicians reported a consistently high ability to order COVID‐19 tests for patients (median score = 6, IQR = 5–7) and access to personal protective equipment (median score = 6, IQR = 5–6). Women physicians were more likely to score ≥ 3 than men on the PC‐PTSD‐5 screener on the initial survey (43.3% vs. 22.5%; Δ 20.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.3% to 31.5%), and despite decreases in overall proportions, this discrepancy remained in follow‐up (34.7% vs. 16.8%; Δ 17.9%, 95% CI = 7.1% to 28.1%). In examining the relationship between demographics, living situations, and institution location on having a PC‐PTSD‐5 score ≥ 3, only female sex was associated with a PC‐PTSD‐5 score ≥ 3 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.28 to 4.79). Conclusions While exposure to suspected COVID‐19 patients was nearly universal, stress levels in emergency physicians decreased with time. At both initial and follow‐up assessments, women were more likely to test positive on the PC‐PTSD‐5 screener compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M. Baumann
- Department of Emergency Medicine Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Camden New Jersey USA
| | - Richelle J. Cooper
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine Los Angeles California USA
| | - Anthony J. Medak
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of California at San Diego School of Medicine San Diego California USA
| | - Stephen Lim
- Section of Emergency Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Brian Chinnock
- Department of Emergency Medicine UCSF–Fresno Medical Education Program Fresno California USA
| | - Remi Frazier
- Academic Research Systems University of California San Francisco California USA
| | - Brian W. Roberts
- Department of Emergency Medicine Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Camden New Jersey USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco California USA
| | - Robert M. Rodriguez
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco California USA
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