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Cruz A, Pires RF, Raposinho P, Fernandes C, Paulo A, Bonifácio VDB. Ligand-free 99mTc-polyurea dendrimer complexes: nanoradiotheranostics targeting ovarian cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7874-7877. [PMID: 38819786 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00892h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A folic acid-targeted polyurea (PURE) dendrimer was easily radiolabelled with Technetium-99m (99mTc-PUREG4-FA2) avoiding the use of additional ligands and bioconjugation chemistry. This straightforward strategy is enabled in PURE dendrimers due to their favourable surface terminal groups configuration, showing coordination capabilities and turning these biodendrimers into attractive platforms for nanoradiotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cruz
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rita F Pires
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Paula Raposinho
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
| | - Célia Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vasco D B Bonifácio
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Nguyen-Huu AM, Le NTT, Vo Do MH, Dong Yen PN, Nguyen-Dinh TD, Nguyen NH, Nguyen DH. Development and Characterization of Quercetin-Loaded Polymeric Liposomes with Gelatin-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Folic Acid Coating to Increase Their Long-Circulating and Anticancer Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4454-4470. [PMID: 38857443 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes as drug-delivery systems have been researched and applied in multiple scientific reports and introduced as patented products with interesting therapeutic properties. Despite various advantages, this drug carrier faces major difficulties in its innate stability, cancer cell specificity, and control over the release of hydrophobic drugs, particularly quercetin, a naturally derived drug that carries many desirable characteristics for anticancer treatment. To improve the effectiveness of liposomes to deliver quercetin by tackling and mitigating the mentioned hurdles, we developed a strategy to establish the ability to passively target cancerous cells, as well as to increase the bioavailability of loaded drugs by incorporating poly(ethylene glycol), gelatin, and folic acid moieties to modify the liposomal system's surface. This research developed a chemically synthesized gelatin, poly(ethylene glycol), and folic acid as a single polymer to coat drug-loaded liposome systems. Liposomes were coated with gelatin-poly(ethylene glycol)-folic acid by electrostatic interaction, characterized by their size, morphology, ζ potential, drug loading efficiency, infrared structures, differential scanning calorimetry spectra, and drug-releasing profiles, and then evaluated for their cytotoxicity to MCF-7 breast cancer cells, as well as cellular uptake, analyzed by confocal imaging to further elaborate on the in vitro behavior of the coated liposome. The results indicated an unusual change in size with increased coating materials, followed by increased colloidal stability, ζ potential, and improved cytotoxicity to cancer cells, as shown by the cellular viability test with MCF-7. Cellular uptake also confirmed these results, providing data for the effects of biopolymer coating, while confirming that folic acid can increase the uptake of liposome by cancer cells. In consideration of such results, the modified gelatin-poly(ethylene glycol)-folic acid-coated liposome can be a potential system in delivering the assigned anticancer compound. This modified biopolymer showed excellent properties as a coating material and should be considered for further practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Minh Nguyen-Huu
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Vlab, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07001, United States
| | - Ngoc Thuy Trang Le
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City 100000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Hoang Vo Do
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Nguyen Dong Yen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Tien-Dung Nguyen-Dinh
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Hoi Nguyen
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dai Hai Nguyen
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi City 100000, Vietnam
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Zhang X, Xiao Y, Hu B, Li Y, Zhang S, Tian J, Wang S, Tao Z, Zeng X, Liu NN, Li B, Liu S. Multi-omics analysis of human tendon adhesion reveals that ACKR1-regulated macrophage migration is involved in regeneration. Bone Res 2024; 12:27. [PMID: 38714649 PMCID: PMC11076548 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendon adhesion is a common complication after tendon injury with the development of accumulated fibrotic tissues without effective anti-fibrotic therapies, resulting in severe disability. Macrophages are widely recognized as a fibrotic trigger during peritendinous adhesion formation. However, different clusters of macrophages have various functions and receive multiple regulation, which are both still unknown. In our current study, multi-omics analysis including single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomics was performed on both human and mouse tendon adhesion tissue at different stages after tendon injury. The transcriptomes of over 74 000 human single cells were profiled. As results, we found that SPP1+ macrophages, RGCC+ endothelial cells, ACKR1+ endothelial cells and ADAM12+ fibroblasts participated in tendon adhesion formation. Interestingly, despite specific fibrotic clusters in tendon adhesion, FOLR2+ macrophages were identified as an antifibrotic cluster by in vitro experiments using human cells. Furthermore, ACKR1 was verified to regulate FOLR2+ macrophages migration at the injured peritendinous site by transplantation of bone marrow from Lysm-Cre;R26RtdTomato mice to lethally irradiated Ackr1-/- mice (Ackr1-/- chimeras; deficient in ACKR1) and control mice (WT chimeras). Compared with WT chimeras, the decline of FOLR2+ macrophages was also observed, indicating that ACKR1 was specifically involved in FOLR2+ macrophages migration. Taken together, our study not only characterized the fibrosis microenvironment landscape of tendon adhesion by multi-omics analysis, but also uncovered a novel antifibrotic cluster of macrophages and their origin. These results provide potential therapeutic targets against human tendon adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Yanhao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Shaoyang Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Zaijin Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Xinqi Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, PR China
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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Anitha S, Ramasamy R, Nachiappa Ganesh R, Dubashi B. Expression of the Folate Receptor Proteins FOLR1 and FOLR2 in Correlation With Clinicopathological Variables of Gastric Cancer. Cureus 2024; 16:e61032. [PMID: 38915965 PMCID: PMC11194536 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, owing to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. The role of folate receptors, particularly folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) and folate receptor 2 (FOLR2), in cancer has been increasingly recognized due to their overexpression in various malignancies including gastric cancer, and its potential implications in cancer progression, treatment resistance and as therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression patterns of FOLR1 and FOLR2 in GC patients' tissue and blood specimens and to correlate these patterns with clinicopathological variables. METHODS A total of 58 gastric cancer patients were enrolled at the Regional Cancer Centre (RCC) from March 2017 to March 2020. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the expression of FOLR1 and FOLR2 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to analyze FOLR1 and FOLR2 expression in blood samples. Statistical analyses were conducted using chi-square tests, independent T-tests, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS FOLR1 and FOLR2 were overexpressed in 82.76% and 70.69% of gastric cancer tissues, respectively. High expression levels of FOLR1 were significantly associated with the diffuse type of gastric cancer (p<0.005). qRT-PCR showed significant overexpression of FOLR1 in gastric cancer blood samples compared to control samples, with a median fold change of approximately 14.18 times. Conversely, FOLR2 was significantly underexpressed in gastric cancer samples, with a fold change of 0.30. However, no significant correlation was found between FOLR2 expression and the clinicopathological features. The overall survival analysis did not show a significant difference in survival rates based on the expression levels of FOLR1 and FOLR2. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the differential expression patterns of FOLR1 and FOLR2 in gastric cancer and underscores the complexity of their roles in cancer biology. While FOLR1 shows potential as a biomarker for gastric cancer due to its overexpression, further studies are needed to fully elucidate the therapeutic and prognostic implications of folate receptors in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anitha
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Raveendran Ramasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
| | - Biswajit Dubashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND
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Wu X, Guo H, Gao H, Li Y, Hu X, Kowalke MA, Li YX, Wei Y, Zhao J, Auger J, Binstadt BA, Pang HB. Peptide targeting improves the delivery and therapeutic index of glucocorticoids to treat rheumatoid arthritis. J Control Release 2024; 368:329-343. [PMID: 38431094 PMCID: PMC11001515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by excessive inflammation in the joints. Glucocorticoid drugs are used clinically to manage RA symptoms, while their dosage and duration need to be tightly controlled due to severe adverse effects. Using dexamethasone (DEX) as a model drug, we explored here whether peptide-guided delivery could increase the safety and therapeutic index of glucocorticoids for RA treatment. Using multiple murine RA models such as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), we found that CRV, a macrophage-targeting peptide, can selectively home to the inflammatory synovium of RA joints upon intravenous injection. The expression of the CRV receptor, retinoid X receptor beta (RXRB), was also elevated in the inflammatory synovium, likely being the basis of CRV targeting. CRV-conjugated DEX increased the accumulation of DEX in the inflamed synovium but not in healthy organs of CIA mice. Therefore, CRV-DEX demonstrated a stronger efficacy to suppress synovial inflammation and alleviate cartilage/bone destruction. Meanwhile, CRV conjugation reduced immune-related adverse effects of DEX even after a long-term use. Last, we found that RXRB expression was significantly elevated in human patient samples, demonstrating the potential of clinical translation. Taken together, we provide a novel, peptide-targeted strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of glucocorticoids for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiangxiang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mitchell A Kowalke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yue-Xuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yushuang Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer Auger
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Hong-Bo Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Moon DO. Curcumin in Cancer and Inflammation: An In-Depth Exploration of Molecular Interactions, Therapeutic Potentials, and the Role in Disease Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2911. [PMID: 38474160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper delves into the diverse and significant roles of curcumin, a polyphenolic compound from the Curcuma longa plant, in the context of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Distinguished by its unique molecular structure, curcumin exhibits potent biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential anticancer effects. The research comprehensively investigates curcumin's molecular interactions with key proteins involved in cancer progression and the inflammatory response, primarily through molecular docking studies. In cancer, curcumin's effectiveness is determined by examining its interaction with pivotal proteins like CDK2, CK2α, GSK3β, DYRK2, and EGFR, among others. These interactions suggest curcumin's potential role in impeding cancer cell proliferation and survival. Additionally, the paper highlights curcumin's impact on inflammation by examining its influence on proteins such as COX-2, CRP, PDE4, and MD-2, which are central to the inflammatory pathway. In vitro and clinical studies are extensively reviewed, shedding light on curcumin's binding mechanisms, pharmacological impacts, and therapeutic application in various cancers and inflammatory conditions. These studies are pivotal in understanding curcumin's functionality and its potential as a therapeutic agent. Conclusively, this review emphasizes the therapeutic promise of curcumin in treating a wide range of health issues, attributed to its complex chemistry and broad pharmacological properties. The research points towards curcumin's growing importance as a multi-faceted natural compound in the medical and scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Jing Y, Huang L, Dong Z, Gong Z, Yu B, Lin D, Qu J. Super-resolution imaging of folate receptor alpha on cell membranes using peptide-based probes. Talanta 2024; 268:125286. [PMID: 37832456 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is a vital membrane protein which have great association with cancers and involved in various biological processes including folate transport and cell signaling. However, the distribution and organization pattern of FRα on cell membranes remains unclear. Previous studies relied on antibodies to recognize the proteins. However, multivalent crosslinking and large size of antibodies confuse the direct observation to some extent. Fortunately, the emergence of peptide, which are small-sized and monovalent, has supplied us an unprecedented choice. Here, we applied fluorophore-conjugated peptide probe to recognize the FRα and study the distribution pattern of FRα on cell membrane using dSTORM super-resolution imaging technique. FRα were found to organized as clusters on cell surface with different sizes. And they have a higher expression level and formed larger clusters on various cancer cells than normal cells, which hinted that its specific distribution could be utilized for cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, we revealed that the lipid raft and cortical actin as restrictive factors for the FRα clustering, suggesting a potential assembly mechanism insight into FRα clustering on cell membrane. Collectively, our work clarified the morphology distribution and clustered organization of FRα with peptide probes at the nanometer scale, which paves the way for further revealing the relationship between the spatial organization and functions of membranal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Jing
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Lilin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Zufu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Zhenquan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Danying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
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Branco ACC, Rogers LM, Aronoff DM. Folate Receptor Beta Signaling in the Regulation of Macrophage Antimicrobial Immune Response: A Scoping Review. Biomed Hub 2024; 9:31-37. [PMID: 38406385 PMCID: PMC10890800 DOI: 10.1159/000536186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Folate, vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential to cellular proliferation and division. In addition to the reduced folate carrier, eukaryotic cells take up folate through endocytosis mediated by one of two GPI-anchored folate receptors (FRs), FRα or FRβ. Two other isoforms of FR exist, FRγ and FRδ, neither of which support endocytic activities of FR signaling. FRβ is expressed primarily by monocytes and macrophages and highly expressed on activated macrophages. Macrophage expression of FRβ suggests a role for this receptor in modulating function of these immune sentinels, particularly as they engage in inflammatory processes. Despite several studies suggesting that folates can suppress inflammatory responses of macrophages to proinflammatory stimuli, there appears to be a lack of basic research examining the role of FRβ in modulating macrophage responses to microbial sensing. We therefore conducted a scoping review to assess evidence within the published literature addressing the question, "what is known about the extent to which FRβ regulates macrophage responses to sensing, and responding to, microorganisms?". Methods As a strategy for the study selection, we queried articles indexed in the research database PubMed and the search engine Google Scholar (up until August 12, 2023), including combinations of the research words: macrophage, folate receptor beta, FOLR2. Results We identified 2 relevant articles out of 153 that are worth discussing here, none of which directly addressed our research question. Conclusion There is an unmet need to better define the contribution of FRβ to regulating the macrophage response to microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C.C. Castelo Branco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisa M. Rogers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Wen X, Zeng X, Liu J, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Huang J, Li Y, Zhuang R, Zhang X, Guo Z. In Vivo Comparative Study of Radioiodinated Folate Receptor Targeting Albumin Probes for Atherosclerosis Plaque Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2387-2397. [PMID: 38055912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to compare a series of albumin-based folate radiotracers for the potential imaging of folate receptor (FR) positive macrophages in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Diversified radioiodinated FR-targeting albumin-binding probes ([131I]IBAbHF, [131I]IBNHF, and [131I]HF) were developed through various strategies. Among the three radiotracers, [131I]IBAbHF and [131I]IBNHF showed excellent in vitro stability (>98%) in saline and PBS 7.4 for 24 h. Also, good stability of [131I]IBNHF in mouse serum albumin was monitored using an HSA ELISA kit. The experiments in Raw264.7 macrophages activated by ox-LDL confirmed the specificity of tracers for FR-β. Biodistribution studies of radiotracers were performed to verify the prolonged blood half-life. Prolonged blood half-lives of [131I]IBAbHF, [131I]HF, and [131I]IBNHF were 17.26 ± 4.29, 6.33 ± 2.64, and 5.50 ± 1.26 h, respectively. SPECT-CT imaging of ApoE-/- mice at different stages was performed to evaluate the progression and monitor the prognosis of AS. Evident [131I]IBNHF uptake in atherosclerotic lesions could be observed along with a low background signal. In summary, we demonstrated a proof-of-concept of albumin-based radioligands for FR-targeting atherosclerosis imaging and found that different incorporation of radioiodinated groups resulted in different pharmacokinetic properties. Among these candidate compounds, [131I]IBNHF would be a satisfactory radiotracer for SPECT imaging of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xueyuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yiren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xingxing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jinxiong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yesen Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
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Srivastava N, Chudasama B, Baranwal M. Advancement in magnetic hyperthermia-based targeted therapy for cancer treatment. Biointerphases 2023; 18:060801. [PMID: 38078795 DOI: 10.1116/6.0003079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia utilizing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and an alternating magnetic field (AMF) represents a promising approach in the field of cancer treatment. Active targeting has emerged as a valuable strategy to enhance the effectiveness and specificity of drug delivery. Active targeting utilizes specific biomarkers that are predominantly found in abundance on cancer cells while being minimally expressed on healthy cells. Current comprehensive review provides an overview of several cancer-specific biomarkers, including human epidermal growth factor, transferrin, folate, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, integrin, cluster of differentiation (CD) receptors such as CD90, CD95, CD133, CD20, and CD44 also CXCR4 and vascular endothelial growth factor, these biomarkers bind to ligands present on the surface of MNPs, enabling precise targeting. Additionally, this review touches various combination therapies employed to combat cancer. Magnetic hyperthermia synergistically enhances the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments such as targeted chemotherapy, radiation therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Bhupendra Chudasama
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
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11
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Ramesh A, Deshpande N, Malik V, Nguyen A, Malhotra M, Debnath M, Brouillard A, Kulkarni A. Activatable Nanoreporters for Real-Time Tracking of Macrophage Phenotypic States Associated with Disease Progression. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300978. [PMID: 37317008 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of inflammatory diseases is characterized by identifying symptoms, biomarkers, and imaging. However, conventional techniques lack the sensitivities and specificities to detect disease early. Here, it is demonstrated that the detection of macrophage phenotypes, from inflammatory M1 to alternatively activated M2 macrophages, corresponding to the disease state can be used to predict the prognosis of various diseases. Activatable nanoreporters that can longitudinally detect the presence of the enzyme Arginase 1, a hallmark of M2 macrophages, and nitric oxide, a hallmark of M1 macrophages are engineered, in real-time. Specifically, an M2 nanoreporter enables the early imaging of the progression of breast cancer as predicted by selectively detecting M2 macrophages in tumors. The M1 nanoreporter enables real-time imaging of the subcutaneous inflammatory response that rises from a local lipopolysccharide (LPS) administration. Finally, the M1-M2 dual nanoreporter is evaluated in a muscle injury model, where an initial inflammatory response is monitored by imaging M1 macrophages at the site of inflammation, followed by a resolution phase monitored by the imaging of infiltrated M2 macrophages involved in matrix regeneration and wound healing. It is anticipated that this set of macrophage nanoreporters may be utilized for early diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of inflammatory responses in various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anujan Ramesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Nilesh Deshpande
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Vaishali Malik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Mehak Malhotra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Maharshi Debnath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Anthony Brouillard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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12
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Hussain A, Kumar A, Uttam V, Sharma U, Sak K, Saini RV, Saini AK, Haque S, Tuli HS, Jain A, Sethi G. Application of curcumin nanoformulations to target folic acid receptor in cancer: Recent trends and advances. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116476. [PMID: 37348632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, derived from turmeric, has a strong anticancer potential known for millennia. The development of this phytochemical as a medicine has been hampered by several significant deficiencies, including its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. This review article discusses possibilities to overcome these bottlenecks by focusing on this natural polyphenol's nanoformulation. Moreover, preparation of curcumin conjugates containing folates as ligands for folic acid receptors can add a new important dimension in this field, allowing specific targeting of cancer cells, considering the significantly higher expression of these receptors in malignant tissues compared to normal cells. It is highly expected that simultaneous improvement of different aspects of curcumin in fighting against such a complex and multifaceted disease like cancer. Therefore, we can better comprehend cancer biology by developing a mechanistic understanding of curcumin, which will also inspire the scientific community to develop new pharmacological models, and exploration of emerging directions to revitalize application of natural products in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ajay Kumar
- University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India; Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Uttam
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | | | - Reena V Saini
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, India; Faculty of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151 401, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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13
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Vichare R, Crelli C, Liu L, McCallin R, Cowan A, Stratimirovic S, Herneisey M, Pollock JA, Janjic JM. Folate-conjugated near-infrared fluorescent perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions as theranostics for activated macrophage COX-2 inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15229. [PMID: 37709807 PMCID: PMC10502124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated macrophages play a critical role in the orchestration of inflammation and inflammatory pain in several chronic diseases. We present here the first perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion (PFC NE) that is designed to preferentially target activated macrophages and can deliver up to three payloads (two fluorescent dyes and a COX-2 inhibitor). Folate receptors are overexpressed on activated macrophages. Therefore, we introduced a folate-PEG-cholesterol conjugate into the formulation. The incorporation of folate conjugate did not require changes in processing parameters and did not change the droplet size or fluorescent properties of the PFC NE. The uptake of folate-conjugated PFC NE was higher in activated macrophages than in resting macrophages. Flow cytometry showed that the uptake of folate-conjugated PFC NE occurred by both phagocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, folate-conjugated PFC NE inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) more effectively than nonmodified PFC NE, while drug loading and COX-2 inhibition were comparable. The PFC NEs reported here were successfully produced on multiple scales, from 25 to 200 mL, and by using two distinct processors (microfluidizers: M110S and LM20). Therefore, folate-conjugated PFC NEs are viable anti-inflammatory theranostic nanosystems for macrophage drug delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Vichare
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Caitlin Crelli
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Rebecca McCallin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Abree Cowan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Stefan Stratimirovic
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Michele Herneisey
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - John A Pollock
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Jelena M Janjic
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
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14
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Fang PW, Lin YC, Fan SY, Panja A, Xu SQ, Lee SH, Tan KT. Protein-Labeling Fluorescent Probe for Folate Receptor α. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11535-11541. [PMID: 37479992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
GPI-anchored folate receptor α (FRα) is an attractive anticancer drug target and diagnosis marker in fundamental biology and medical research due to its significant expression on many cancer cells. Currently, analyses of FRα expression levels are usually achieved using immunological methods. Due to the continual FRα synthesis and degradation, immunological methods are not suitable for studying real-time dynamic activities of FRα in living cells. In this paper, we introduce a rapid and specific FRα protein-labeling fluorescent probe, FR1, to facilitate the study of the dynamics of expression and degradation processes of endogenous FRα in living cells. With this labeling probe, insights on FRα protein lifetime and shedding from the cell surface can be obtained using fluorescence live-cell imaging and electrophoresis techniques. We revealed that FRα undergoes soluble domain release and endocytosis degradation simultaneously. Imaging results showed that most of the membrane FRα are transported to the lysosomes after 2 h of incubation. Furthermore, we also showed that the secretion of a FRα soluble domain into the environment is most likely accomplished by phospholipase. We believe that this protein-labeling approach can be an important tool for analyzing various dynamic processes involving FRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Wen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Syuan-Yun Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Avijit Panja
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shun-Qiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Szu-Hsien Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
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15
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Yan X, Meng L, Zhang X, Deng Z, Gao B, Zhang Y, Yang M, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Tu K, Zhang M, Xu Q. Reactive oxygen species-responsive nanocarrier ameliorates murine colitis by intervening colonic innate and adaptive immune responses. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1383-1401. [PMID: 36855303 PMCID: PMC10188638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic or relapsing inflammatory disease with limited therapeutic outcomes. Pterostilbene (PSB) is a polyphenol-based anti-oxidant that has received extensive interest for its intrinsic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. This work aims to develop a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive, folic acid (FA)-functionalized nanoparticle (NP) for efficient PSB delivery to treat UC. The resulting PSB@NP-FA had a nano-scaled diameter of 231 nm and a spherical shape. With ROS-responsive release and ROS-scavenging properties, PSB@NP could effectively scavenge H2O2, thereby protecting cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. After FA modification, the resulting PSB@NP-FA could be internalized by RAW 264.7 and Colon-26 cells efficiently and preferentially localized to the inflamed colon. In dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis models, PSB@NP-FA showed a prominent ROS-scavenging capacity and anti-inflammatory activity, therefore relieving murine colitis effectively. Mechanism results suggested that PSB@NP-FA ameliorated colitis by regulating dendritic cells (DCs), promoting macrophage polarization, and regulating T cell infiltration. Both innate and adaptive immunity were involved. More importantly, the combination of the PSB and dexamethasone (DEX) enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of colitis. This ROS-responsive and ROS-scavenging nanocarrier represents an alternative therapeutic approach to UC. It can also be used as an enhancer for classic anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangji Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lingzhang Meng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Center for Systemic Inflammation Research (CSIR), Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Xingzhe Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi 710061, China
| | - Zhichao Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Bowen Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yana Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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16
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Warmink K, Vinod P, Korthagen NM, Weinans H, Rios JL. Macrophage-Driven Inflammation in Metabolic Osteoarthritis: Implications for Biomarker and Therapy Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076112. [PMID: 37047082 PMCID: PMC10094694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and debilitating joint disorder that leads to progressive joint breakdown and loss of articular cartilage. Accompanied by a state of low-grade inflammation, its etiology extends beyond that of a wear-and-tear disease, and the immune system might have a role in its initiation and progression. Obesity, which is directly associated with an increased incidence of OA, alters adipokine release, increases pro-inflammatory macrophage activity, and affects joint immune regulation. Studying inflammatory macrophage expression and strategies to inhibit inflammatory macrophage phenotype polarization might provide insights into disease pathogenesis and therapeutic applications. In pre-clinical studies, the detection of OA in its initial stages was shown to be possible using imaging techniques such as SPECT-CT, and advances are made to detect OA through blood-based biomarker analysis. In this review, obesity-induced osteoarthritis and its mechanisms in inducing joint degeneration are summarized, along with an analysis of the current developments in patient imaging and biomarker use for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Warmink
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Prateeksha Vinod
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline M Korthagen
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, TU Delft, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jaqueline L Rios
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Young O, Ngo N, Lin L, Stanbery L, Creeden JF, Hamouda D, Nemunaitis J. Folate Receptor as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Solid Tumors. Curr Probl Cancer 2023; 47:100917. [PMID: 36508886 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2022.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Folate is a B vitamin necessary for basic biological functions, including rapid cell turnover occurring in cancer cell proliferation. Though the role of folate as a causative versus protective agent in carcinogenesis is debated, several studies have indicated that the folate receptor (FR), notably subtype folate receptor alpha (FRα), could be a viable biomarker for diagnosis, progression, and prognosis. Several cancers, including gastrointestinal, gynecological, breast, lung, and squamous cell head and neck cancers overexpress FR and are currently under investigation to correlate receptor status to disease state. Traditional chemotherapies have included antifolate medications, such as methotrexate and pemetrexed, which generate anticancer activity during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle. Increasingly, the repertoire of pharmacotherapies is expanding to include FR as a target, with a heterogenous pool of directed therapies. Here we discuss the FR, expression and effect in cancer biology, and relevant pharmacologic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Nealie Ngo
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Leslie Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | | | - Justin Fortune Creeden
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Danae Hamouda
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
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18
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Elevated expression of receptors for EGF, PDGF, transferrin and folate within murine and human lupus nephritis kidneys. Clin Immunol 2023; 246:109188. [PMID: 36396012 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease where the body's immune system targets cells and tissue in numerous organs, including the kidneys. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and diagnosis is difficult because clinical manifestations vary widely among patients. Comprehensive proteomic studies reported recently in LN have identified several urinary proteins which are also cell-surface receptors. If indeed these receptor proteins are also hyper-expressed within the kidneys, ligands to these receptors may be useful for drug targeting. METHODS scRNA sequence data analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed on LN kidneys for expression of four implicated receptors, EGFR, FOL2R2, PDGF-RB, and TFRC. RESULTS In reported scRNA sequencing studies from 21 LN patients and 3 healthy control renal biopsies or renal-infiltrating immune cells from 24 LN biopsies, EGFR, FOLR2, PDGF-Rb, and TFRC were all hyper expressed within LN kidneys in comparison to healthy kidneys, either within resident renal cells or infiltrating leukocytes. Immunohistochemistry staining of murine lupus renal biopsies from lupus mice revealed EGFR, FOLR2, TFRC and PDGF-RB were elevated in LN kidneys. Immunohistochemistry staining of human Class II, Class III, and Class IV kidney tissue sections revealed EGFR, TFRC, and PDGF-RB were significantly elevated in proliferative LN kidneys. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the potential of EGFR, TFRC, FOLR2, and PDGF-RB as promising receptors for potential drug-targeting in LN.
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19
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Zhou H, Qian Y, Liu J. MicroRNA-127 promotes anti-microbial ability in porcine alveolar macrophages via S1PR3/TLR signaling pathway. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e20. [PMID: 37012029 PMCID: PMC10071279 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Actinobacillus pleuropneumonniae (APP) infection causes considerable losses in the pig industry, there is a growing need to develop effective therapeutic interventions that leverage host immune defense mechanisms to combat these pathogens. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the role of microRNA (miR)-127 in controlling bacterial infection against APP. Moreover, to investigate a signaling pathway in macrophages that controls the production of anti-microbial peptides. METHODS Firstly, we evaluated the effect of miR-127 on APP-infected pigs by cell count/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then the impact of miR-127 on immune cells was detected. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of cytokines (anti-microbial peptides [AMPs]) was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of IL-6, TNF-α and p-P65 were analyzed by western blot. The expression of p65 in the immune cells was investigated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS miR-127 showed a protective effect on APP-infected macrophage. Moreover, the protective effect might depend on its regulation of macrophage bactericidal activity and the generation of IL-22, IL-17 and AMPs by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor3 (SIPR3), the element involved in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) cascades. CONCLUSIONS Together, we identify that miR-127 is a regulator of S1PR3 and then regulates TLR/nuclear factor-κB signaling in macrophages with anti-bacterial acticity, and it might be a potential target for treating inflammatory diseases caused by APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhou
- School of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Yujia Qian
- Taizhou Jianyouda Pharma Co., LTD, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College Jiangsu 225300, China
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20
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Shrestha A, Lahooti B, Mikelis CM, Mattheolabakis G. Chlorotoxin and Lung Cancer: A Targeting Perspective for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122613. [PMID: 36559106 PMCID: PMC9786857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the generational evolution of nano-based drug delivery carriers, active targeting has been a major milestone for improved and selective drug accumulation in tissues and cell types beyond the existing passive targeting capabilities. Among the various active targeting moieties, chlorotoxin, a peptide extracted from scorpions, demonstrated promising tumor cell accumulation and selection. With lung cancer being among the leading diagnoses of cancer-related deaths in both men and women, novel therapeutic methodologies utilizing nanotechnology for drug delivery emerged. Given chlorotoxin's promising biological activity, we explore its potential against lung cancer and its utilization for active targeting against this cancer's tumor cells. Our analysis indicates that despite the extensive chlorotoxin's research against glioblastoma, lung cancer research with the molecule has been limited, despite some promising early results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Shrestha
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Behnaz Lahooti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Constantinos M. Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
- Correspondence:
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iTRAQ Proteomics Identified the Potential Biomarkers of Coronary Artery Lesion in Kawasaki Disease and In Vitro Studies Demonstrated That S100A4 Treatment Made HCAECs More Susceptible to Neutrophil Infiltration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112770. [PMID: 36361563 PMCID: PMC9658444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery lesions (CAL) are a major complication of Kawasaki disease (KD). The early prediction of CAL enables the medical personnel to apply adequate medical intervention. We collected the serum samples from the KD patients with CAL (n = 32) and those without CAL (n = 31), followed by a global screening with isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology and specific validation with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). iTRAQ identified 846 proteins in total in the serum samples, and four candidate proteins related to CAL were selected for ELISA validation as follows: Protein S100-A4 (S100A4), Catalase (CAT), Folate receptor gamma (FOLR3), and Galectin 10 (CLC). ELISA validation showed that the S100A4 level was significantly higher in KD patients with CAL than in those without CAL (225.2 ± 209.5 vs. 143.3 ± 83 pg/mL, p < 0.05). In addition, KD patients with CAL had a significantly lower CAT level than those without CAL (1.6 ± 1.5 vs. 2.7 ± 2.3 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Next, we found that S100A4 treatment on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) reduced the abundance of cell junction proteins, which promoted the migration of HCAECs. Further assays also demonstrated that S100A4 treatment enhanced the permeability of the endothelial layer. These results concluded that S100A4 treatment resulted in an incompact endothelial layer and made HCAECs more susceptible to in vitro neutrophil infiltration. In addition, both upregulated S100A4 and downregulated CAT increased the risk of CAL in KD. Further in vitro study implied that S100A4 could be a potential therapeutic target for CAL in KD.
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Yi YS, Kim HG, Kim JH, Yang WS, Kim E, Park JG, Aziz N, Parameswaran N, Cho JY. Syk promotes phagocytosis by inducing reactive oxygen species generation and suppressing SOCS1 in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221133018. [PMID: 36214175 PMCID: PMC9548688 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221133018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation, a vital innate immune response against infection and injury, is mediated by macrophages. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) regulates inflammatory responses in macrophages; however, its role and underlying mechanisms are uncertain. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, overexpression and knockout (KO) cell preparations, phagocytosis analysis, confocal microscopy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination, mRNA analysis, and immunoprecipitation/western blotting analyses were used to investigate the role of Syk in phagocytosis and its underlying mechanisms in macrophages during inflammatory responses. RESULTS Syk inhibition by Syk KO, Syk-specific small interfering RNA (siSyk), and a selective Syk inhibitor (piceatannol) significantly reduced the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. Syk inhibition also decreased cytochrome c generation by inhibiting ROS-generating enzymes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and ROS scavenging suppressed the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. LPS induced the tyrosine nitration (N-Tyr) of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) through Syk-induced ROS generation in RAW264.7 cells. On the other hand, ROS scavenging suppressed the N-Tyr of SOCS1 and phagocytosis. Moreover, SOCS1 overexpression decreased phagocytic activity, and SOCS1 inhibition increased the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Syk plays a critical role in the phagocytic activity of macrophages by inducing ROS generation and suppressing SOCS1 through SOCS1 nitration during inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea,Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea,Young-Su Yi, Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University,154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea. Jae Youl Cho, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nur Aziz
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea,Young-Su Yi, Department of Life Sciences, Kyonggi University,154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea. Jae Youl Cho, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
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Li W, Luo F, Wu X, Fan B, Yang M, Zhong W, Guan D, Wang F, Wang Q. Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Dandelion in RAW264.7 Macrophages and Zebrafish Larvae. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906927. [PMID: 36091818 PMCID: PMC9454954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dandelions (Taraxacum spp.) play an important role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Dandelion Extract (DE) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and copper sulfate (CuSO4)-induced zebrafish larvae. DE was not toxic to RAW264.7 cells at 75 μg/ml as measured by cell viability, and DE inhibited LPS-induced cell morphological changes as measured by inverted microscopy. In survival experiments, DE at 25 μg/ml had no toxicity to zebrafish larvae. By using an enzymatic standard assay, DE reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Fluorescence microscopy results show that DE reduced LPS-induced ROS production and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells. DE also inhibited CuSO4-induced ROS production and neutrophil aggregation in zebrafish larvae. The results of flow cytometry show that DE alleviated the LPS-induced cell cycle arrest. In LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, RT-PCR revealed that DE decreased the expression of M1 phenotypic genes iNOS, IL-6, and IL-1β while increasing the expression of M2 phenotypic genes IL-10 and CD206. Furthermore, in CuSO4-induced zebrafish larvae, DE reduced the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. The findings suggest that DE reduces the LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells by regulating polarization and apoptosis. DE also reduces the CuSO4-induced inflammatory response in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fulong Luo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingran Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongyan Guan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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In vitro Therapeutic Effects of Folate Receptor-Targeted Delivery of Anti-Atherogenic Nanodrug on Macrophage Foam Cells. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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A network pharmacology-based approach to explore mechanism of action of medicinal herbs for alopecia treatment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2852. [PMID: 35181715 PMCID: PMC8857194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss is one of the most common skin problems experienced by more than half of the world's population. In East Asia, medicinal herbs have been used widely in clinical practice to treat hair loss. Recent studies, including systematic literature reviews, indicate that medicinal herbs may demonstrate potential effects for hair loss treatment. In a previous study, we identified medical herbs used frequently for alopecia treatment. Herein, we explored the potential novel therapeutic mechanisms of 20 vital medicinal herbs for alopecia treatment that could distinguish them from known mechanisms of conventional drugs using network pharmacology analysis methods. We determined the herb-ingredient–target protein networks and ingredient-associated protein (gene)-associated pathway networks and calculated the weighted degree centrality to define the strength of the connections. Data showed that 20 vital medicinal herbs could exert therapeutic effects on alopecia mainly mediated via regulation of various target genes and proteins, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) subtypes, ecto-5-nucleotidase (NTE5), folate receptor (FR), nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT). Findings regarding target genes/proteins and pathways of medicinal herbs associated with alopecia treatment offer insights for further research to better understand the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanism of medicinal herbs for alopecia treatment with traditional herbal medicine.
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Korean red ginseng saponin fraction exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:489-495. [PMID: 35600780 PMCID: PMC9120761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although ginsenosides and saponins in Korea red ginseng (KRG) shows various pharmacological roles, their roles in the inflammatory response are little known. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory role of ginsenosides identified from KRG saponin fraction (RGSF) and the potential mechanism in macrophages. Methods The ginsenoside composition of RGSF was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. An anti-inflammatory effect of RGSF and its mechanisms were studied using nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production assays, mRNA expression analyses of inflammatory genes and cytokines, luciferase reporter gene assays of transcription factors, and Western blot analyses of inflammatory signaling pathways using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Results HPLC analysis identified the types and amounts of various panaxadiol ginsenosides in RGSF. RGSF reduced the generation of inflammatory molecules and mRNA levels of inflammatory enzymes and cytokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, RGSF inhibited the signaling pathways of NF-κB and AP-1 by suppressing both transcriptional factors and signaling molecules in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion RGSF contains ginsenosides that have anti-inflammatory action via restraining the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways in macrophages during inflammatory responses.
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Kim J, Hwang DW, Jung HS, Kim KW, Pham XH, Lee SH, Byun JW, Kim W, Kim HM, Hahm E, Ham KM, Rho WY, Lee DS, Jun BH. High-quantum yield alloy-typed core/shell CdSeZnS/ZnS quantum dots for bio-applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:22. [PMID: 34991619 PMCID: PMC8739727 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quantum dots (QDs) have been used as fluorophores in various imaging fields owing to their strong fluorescent intensity, high quantum yield (QY), and narrow emission bandwidth. However, the application of QDs to bio-imaging is limited because the QY of QDs decreases substantially during the surface modification step for bio-application. Results In this study, we fabricated alloy-typed core/shell CdSeZnS/ZnS quantum dots (alloy QDs) that showed higher quantum yield and stability during the surface modification for hydrophilization compared with conventional CdSe/CdS/ZnS multilayer quantum dots (MQDs). The structure of the alloy QDs was confirmed using time-of-flight medium-energy ion scattering spectroscopy. The alloy QDs exhibited strong fluorescence and a high QY of 98.0%. After hydrophilic surface modification, the alloy QDs exhibited a QY of 84.7%, which is 1.5 times higher than that of MQDs. The QY was 77.8% after the alloy QDs were conjugated with folic acid (FA). Alloy QDs and MQDs, after conjugation with FA, were successfully used for targeting human KB cells. The alloy QDs exhibited a stronger fluorescence signal than MQD; these signals were retained in the popliteal lymph node area for 24 h. Conclusion The alloy QDs maintained a higher QY in hydrophilization for biological applications than MQDs. And also, alloy QDs showed the potential as nanoprobes for highly sensitive bioimaging analysis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01227-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehi Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,THERABEST, Co. Inc., Seocho-daero 40-gil, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Su Jung
- Company of Global Zeus, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Wan Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Hung Pham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Byun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,KIURI Research Center, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunil Hahm
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Min Ham
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yeop Rho
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Development of erythrosine-based photodynamic therapy with a targeted drug delivery system to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis in vitro. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Siemiaszko G, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Markiewicz KH, Misztalewska-Turkowicz I, Dudź E, Milewska S, Misiak P, Kurowska I, Sadowska A, Car H, Wilczewska AZ. Synergistic effect of folate-conjugated polymers and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of colon cancer. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In recent years, targeted drug delivery strategies have received special attention from the scientific world due to advantages such as more effective therapy and reduction of side effects. The principle of operation is delayed excretion from the bloodstream of the drug delivery system compared to the drug itself, as well as facilitated penetration into diseased cells thanks to the use of ligands recognized by appropriate receptors. Particularly interesting drug carriers are amphiphilic copolymers that form nano-sized micelles with a drug, which can release the drug at a specific place in the body under the influence of appropriate stimuli.
Results
We describe the synthesis of the diblock polymer, poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)-b-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) using RAFT/MADIX (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer/MAcromolecular Design by Interchange of Xanthate) controlled polymerization affording polymers with good dispersity according to SEC (Size-Exclusion Chromatography). Some post-modifications of the polymer with folic acid were then performed as evidenced by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), UV–Vis (UltraViolet–Visible) and FT-IR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, and TGA (ThermoGravimetric Analysis). The formation of stable micellar systems from polymers with and without the drug, 5-fluorouracil, was confirmed by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and zeta potential measurements, and TEM (Transmission Eelectron Microscopy) imaging. Finally, the cloud point of the polymers was investigated, which turned out to be close to the temperature of the human body. Most importantly, these micellar systems have been explored as a drug delivery system against colon cancer, showing increased cytotoxicity compared to the drug alone. This effect was achieved due to the easier cellular uptake by the interaction of folic acid and its receptors on the surface of cancer cells.
Conclusions
The presented results constitute a solid foundation for the implementation of a nano-sized drug delivery system containing folic acid for practical use in the treatment of drug-resistant cancer, as well as more effective therapy with fewer side effects.
Graphical Abstract
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Guzik P, Fang HY, Deberle LM, Benešová M, Cohrs S, Boss SD, Ametamey SM, Schibli R, Müller C. Identification of a PET Radiotracer for Imaging of the Folate Receptor-α: A Potential Tool to Select Patients for Targeted Tumor Therapy. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1475-1481. [PMID: 33452043 PMCID: PMC8724891 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.255760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify a folate receptor-α (FRα)-selective PET agent potentially suitable for the selection of patients who might profit from FRα-targeted therapies. The 6R and 6S isomers of 18F-aza-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) were assessed regarding their binding to FRα and FRβ, expressed on cancer and inflammatory cells, respectively, and compared with 18F-AzaFol, the folic acid-based analog. Methods: FR selectivity was investigated using FRα-transfected (RT16) and FRβ-transfected (D4) CHO cells. The cell uptake of 18F-folate tracers was investigated, and receptor-binding affinities were determined with the nonradioactive analogs. In vitro autoradiography of the 18F-folate tracers was performed using RT16 and D4 tissue sections. Biodistribution studies and PET/CT imaging of the radiotracers were performed on mice bearing RT16 and D4 xenografts. Results: The uptake of 18F-6R-aza-5-MTHF was high when using RT16 cells (62% ± 10% of added activity) but much lower when using D4 cells (5% ± 2%). The FRα selectivity of 18F-6R-aza-5-MTHF was further demonstrated by its approximately 43-fold higher binding affinity to FRα (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50], 1.8 ± 0.1 nM) than to FRβ (IC50, 77 ± 27 nM). The uptake of 18F-6S-aza-5-MTHF and 18F-AzaFol was equal in both cell lines (52%-70%), with similar affinities to FRα (IC50, 2.1 ± 0.4 nM and 0.6 ± 0.3 nM, respectively) and FRβ (0.8 ± 0.2 nM and 0.3 ± 0.1 nM, respectively). The autoradiography signal obtained with 18F-6R-aza-5-MTHF was 11-fold more intense for RT16 than for D4 tissue sections. Biodistribution data showed high uptake of 18F-6R-aza-5-MTHF in RT16 xenografts (81% ± 20% injected activity per gram [IA]/g 1 h after injection) but significantly lower accumulation in D4 xenografts (7.3% ± 2.1% IA/g 1 h after injection), which was also visualized using PET. The uptake of 18F-6S-aza-5-MTHF and 18F-AzaFol was similar in RT16 (53% ± 10% IA/g and 45% ± 2% IA/g, respectively) and D4 xenografts (77% ± 10% IA/g and 52% ± 7% IA/g, respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrated FRα selectivity for 18F-6R-aza-5-MTHF but not for 18F-6S-aza-5-MTHF or 18F-AzaFol. This characteristic, together with its favorable tissue distribution, makes 18F-6R-aza-5-MTHF attractive for clinical translation to enable detection of FRα-positive cancer while preventing undesired accumulation in FRβ-expressing inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Guzik
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
| | - Hsin-Yu Fang
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
| | - Luisa M Deberle
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
| | - Martina Benešová
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Cohrs
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
| | - Silvan D Boss
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mishra K, Jain AK. Liposomes: An Emerging Approach for the Treatment of Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2398-2414. [PMID: 33823772 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210406141449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional drug delivery agents for a life-threatening disease, i.e., cancer, lack specificity towards cancer cells, producing a greater degree of side effects in the normal cells with a poor therapeutic index. These toxic side effects often limit dose escalation of anti-cancer drugs, leading to incomplete tumor suppression/ cancer eradication, early disease relapse, and ultimately, the development of drug resistance. Accordingly, targeting the tumor vasculatures is essential for the treatment of cancer. OBJECTIVE To search and describe a safer drug delivery carrier for the treatment of cancer with reduced systemic toxicities. METHOD Data were collected from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct using the following keywords: 'liposomes', 'nanocarriers', 'targeted drug delivery', 'ligands', 'liposome for anti-cancerous drugs', 'treatment for cancer' and 'receptor targeting.' RESULTS Liposomes have provided a safe platform for the targeted delivery of encapsulated anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of cancer, which results in the reduction of the cytotoxic side effects of anti-cancer drugs on normal cells. CONCLUSION Liposomal targeting is a better emerging approach as an advanced drug delivery carrier with targeting ligands for anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerti Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur- 495 009 (C.G.), India
| | - Akhlesh K Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur- 495 009 (C.G.), India
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Kumar V, Leekha A, Kaul A, Mishra AK, Verma AK. Role of folate-conjugated glycol-chitosan nanoparticles in modulating the activated macrophages to ameliorate inflammatory arthritis: in vitro and in vivo activities. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:1057-1075. [PMID: 32363539 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Activated macrophages are the primary targets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. So, we report efficacious, dual-functional Methotrexate (MTX) loaded folate-conjugated pH-responsive glycol-chitosan nanoparticles (MFGCN) prepared by nano-precipitation and zero-order cross-linking reaction for targeting inflamed arthritic tissue. Physical characterization by DLS, SEM and TEM indicated a spherical, smooth morphology with a diameter ~ 300 nm. 1H NMR and FTIR indicated folic acid conjugation to GC by zero-order cross-linkers. In vitro release kinetics in PBS showed pH-responsive and sustained release behaviour of MFGCN. Enhanced cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of MFGCN in LPS(+)RAW and activated peritoneal macrophages (Mϕ) were observed when compared to LPS(-)RAW cells. MFGCN-induced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) perturbations indicated apoptosis. Oxidative stress was evident by significant increase in ROS and RNS, 4 h post incubation with MFGCN. Negligible hemolysis by FGCN and MFGCN on rat RBC's indicated biocompatibility. In vivo biodistribution of MFGCN in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats indicated RA targetability. Prolonged blood circulation coupled with higher concentrations of 99mTc-MFGCN at the arthritic site was observed post 24 h of injection. The gamma scintigraphic image confirmed accumulation of radiolabelled MFGCN in arthritic paw when compared to the non-inflamed paw, confirming the selective uptake of 99mTc-MFGCN by folate-overexpressing macrophages in the arthritic synovium thereby proving its targeted efficacy and theranostic potential. In AIA rats, MFGCN lowers arthritic signs, improves antioxidant response and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting its potential in targeting activated macrophages of synovium. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- NanoBiotech Lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ankita Leekha
- NanoBiotech Lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ankur Kaul
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Anita Kamra Verma
- NanoBiotech Lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Kang M, Choi HJ, Yun B, Lee J, Yoo J, Yang HJ, Jeong DY, Kim Y, Oh S. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCGB1 Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice Through Immune Regulation. J Med Food 2021; 24:709-719. [PMID: 34280033 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, as living microorganisms, exert health benefits to the host by alleviating excess inflammation through modulating the immune system and establishing intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the probiotic characteristics and inflammation alleviatory effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from traditional Korean fermented foods. The strains withstood the acidic environment of the digestive process, extended the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, and enhanced pmk-1 expression. However, only B. amyloliquefaciens SCGB1 could attach to C. elegans in the intestines, which enhanced their survival upon exposure to Escherichia coli O157:H7. We also investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of SCGB1 using the RAW264.7 macrophage stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The strain treatment enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 secretion and downregulated proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression in vitro. Next, we used a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model to investigate whether SCGB1 can ameliorate gut inflammation in vivo. Compared to those in the DSS-induced mice, histological damage and IL-6 cytokine levels were significantly reduced in SCGB1-fed mice. These results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens SCGB1 as potential probiotics may have health-promoting effects by reduction of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyoung Kang
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bohyun Yun
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jiseon Yoo
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Yang
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Do-Youn Jeong
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
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Discovery of potential imaging and therapeutic targets for severe inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14151. [PMID: 34239034 PMCID: PMC8266867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide with rapidly increased number of deaths. Hyperinflammation mediated by dysregulated monocyte/macrophage function is considered to be the key factor that triggers severe illness in COVID-19. However, no specific targeting molecule has been identified for detecting or treating hyperinflammation related to dysregulated macrophages in severe COVID-19. In this study, previously published single-cell RNA-sequencing data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from thirteen COVID-19 patients were analyzed with publicly available databases for surface and imageable targets. Immune cell composition according to the severity was estimated with the clustering of gene expression data. Expression levels of imaging target molecules for inflammation were evaluated in macrophage clusters from single-cell RNA-sequencing data. In addition, candidate targetable molecules enriched in severe COVID-19 associated with hyperinflammation were filtered. We found that expression of SLC2A3, which can be imaged by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, was higher in macrophages from severe COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, by integrating the surface target and drug-target binding databases with RNA-sequencing data of severe COVID-19, we identified candidate surface and druggable targets including CCR1 and FPR1 for drug delivery as well as molecular imaging. Our results provide a resource in the development of specific imaging and therapy for COVID-19-related hyperinflammation.
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Wang L, Yin Q, Liu C, Tang Y, Sun C, Zhuang J. Nanoformulations of Ursolic Acid: A Modern Natural Anticancer Molecule. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:706121. [PMID: 34295253 PMCID: PMC8289884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.706121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpene derived from fruit, herb, and other plants. UA can act on molecular targets of various signaling pathways, inhibit the growth of cancer cells, promote cycle stagnation, and induce apoptosis, thereby exerting anticancer activity. However, its poor water-solubility, low intestinal mucosal absorption, and low bioavailability restrict its clinical application. In order to overcome these deficiencies, nanotechnology, has been applied to the pharmacological study of UA. Objective: In this review, we focused on the absorption, distribution, and elimination pharmacokinetics of UA in vivo, as well as on the research progress in various UA nanoformulations, in the hope of providing reference information for the research on the anticancer activity of UA. Methods: Relevant research articles on Pubmed and Web of Science in recent years were searched selectively by using the keywords and subheadings, and were summarized systematically. Key finding: The improvement of the antitumor ability of the UA nanoformulations is mainly due to the improvement of the bioavailability and the enhancement of the targeting ability of the UA molecules. UA nanoformulations can even be combined with computational imaging technology for monitoring or diagnosis. Conclusion: Currently, a variety of UA nanoformulations, such as micelles, liposomes, and nanoparticles, which can increase the solubility and bioactivity of UA, while promoting the accumulation of UA in tumor tissues, have been prepared. Although the research of UA in the nanofield has made great progress, there is still a long way to go before the clinical application of UA nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
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Shulpekova Y, Nechaev V, Kardasheva S, Sedova A, Kurbatova A, Bueverova E, Kopylov A, Malsagova K, Dlamini JC, Ivashkin V. The Concept of Folic Acid in Health and Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123731. [PMID: 34207319 PMCID: PMC8235569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Folates have a pterine core structure and high metabolic activity due to their ability to accept electrons and react with O-, S-, N-, C-bounds. Folates play a role as cofactors in essential one-carbon pathways donating methyl-groups to choline phospholipids, creatine, epinephrine, DNA. Compounds similar to folates are ubiquitous and have been found in different animals, plants, and microorganisms. Folates enter the body from the diet and are also synthesized by intestinal bacteria with consequent adsorption from the colon. Three types of folate and antifolate cellular transporters have been found, differing in tissue localization, substrate affinity, type of transferring, and optimal pH for function. Laboratory criteria of folate deficiency are accepted by WHO. Severe folate deficiencies, manifesting in early life, are seen in hereditary folate malabsorption and cerebral folate deficiency. Acquired folate deficiency is quite common and is associated with poor diet and malabsorption, alcohol consumption, obesity, and kidney failure. Given the observational data that folates have a protective effect against neural tube defects, ischemic events, and cancer, food folic acid fortification was introduced in many countries. However, high physiological folate concentrations and folate overload may increase the risk of impaired brain development in embryogenesis and possess a growth advantage for precancerous altered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Shulpekova
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Vladimir Nechaev
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Svetlana Kardasheva
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Alla Sedova
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Anastasia Kurbatova
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Elena Bueverova
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
| | - Arthur Kopylov
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Kristina Malsagova
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-764-9878
| | | | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Sechenov University, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.S.); (V.N.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (V.I.)
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Shimizu T, Fujiwara Y, Yonemori K, Koyama T, Sato J, Tamura K, Shimomura A, Ikezawa H, Nomoto M, Furuuchi K, Nakajima R, Miura T, Yamamoto N. First-in-Human Phase 1 Study of MORAb-202, an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Comprising Farletuzumab Linked to Eribulin Mesylate, in Patients with Folate Receptor-α-Positive Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3905-3915. [PMID: 33926914 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MORAb-202, an antibody-drug conjugate containing farletuzumab and eribulin with a cathepsin-B cleavable linker, targets folate receptor α (FRα)-expressing tumor cells. The primary objective of this first-in-human study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of MORAb-202 in patients with solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients ≥20 years with adequate organ function and FRα-positive solid tumors who failed to respond to standard therapy were eligible. Patients received MORAb-202 intravenously at doses of 0.3 to 1.2 mg/kg once every three weeks. Endpoints included dose-limiting toxicities, safety, tumor responses, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03386942 (ClinicalTrials.gov). RESULTS Between November 28, 2017 and June 4, 2019, 22 patients (median age, 58.0 years) with advanced solid tumors were enrolled. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 21 (95%) patients, with leukopenia and neutropenia in 10 (45%) patients each. One patient (0.9 mg/kg cohort) experienced two grade 3 dose-limiting toxicities: serum alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase increases. Following review by an independent adjudication committee, grade 1/2 interstitial lung disease thought to be related to MORAb-202 was identified in five (23%) patients. Complete response, partial response, and stable disease were observed in one, nine, and eight patients, respectively. The normalized predose serum FRα tended to be positively correlated with the maximum tumor shrinkage (R 2 = 0.2379; P = 0.0291). CONCLUSIONS The MTD of MORAb-202 was not reached. MORAb-202 demonstrated promising antitumor activity in FRα-positive solid tumors and was generally well-tolerated at the tested doses. Further investigations are required to establish appropriate dosage and clinical utility of MORAb-202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Shimizu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Koyama
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shimomura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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McCord E, Pawar S, Koneru T, Tatiparti K, Sau S, Iyer AK. Folate Receptors' Expression in Gliomas May Possess Potential Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Opportunities. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4111-4118. [PMID: 33623837 PMCID: PMC7893640 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancer effected around estimated 23 890 adults and 3540 children under the age of 15 in 2020. The chemotherapeutic agents that are already approved by the FDA for brain cancer are proving to be not highly effective because of the interference from the tumor microenvironment as well as their own toxicities. Added to this is the impedance presented by the extremely restrictive permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Targeted nanoparticulate drug delivery systems offer a good opportunity to traverse the BBB and selectively target the tumor cells. Folate receptors are found to be one of the most useful targets for drug delivery to the brain. Hence, this Mini-Review discusses the folate receptors and their application in the treatment of brain cancers using targeted nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva McCord
- Use-inspired
Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Grosse
Pointe South High School, Grosse
Pointe Farms, Michigan 48236, United States
| | - Shreya Pawar
- Use-inspired
Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Troy
High School, Troy, Michigan 48098, United States
| | - Tejaswi Koneru
- Use-inspired
Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Walled
Lake Central High School, Commerce Charter Township, Walled Lake, Michigan 48390, United States
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use-inspired
Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired
Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-inspired
Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Molecular
Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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Flavonoids: Nutraceuticals for Rheumatic Diseases via Targeting of Inflammasome Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020488. [PMID: 33418975 PMCID: PMC7825303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, an innate immune response that prevents cellular damage caused by pathogens, consists of two successive mechanisms, namely priming and triggering. While priming is an inflammation-preparation step, triggering is an inflammation-activation step, and the central feature of triggering is the activation of inflammasomes and intracellular inflammatory protein complexes. Flavonoids are natural phenolic compounds predominantly present in plants, fruits, and vegetables and are known to possess strong anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids has long been demonstrated, with the main focus on the priming mechanisms, while increasing numbers of recent studies have redirected the research focus on the triggering step, and studies have reported that flavonoids inhibit inflammatory responses and diseases by targeting inflammasome activation. Rheumatic diseases are systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases that primarily affect joints and connective tissues, and they are associated with numerous deleterious effects. Here, we discuss the emerging literature on the ameliorative role of flavonoids targeting inflammasome activation in inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
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40
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Folate receptor-β targeted cholesterol-chitosan nanocarrier for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: An animal study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Baranyai Z, Soria‐Carrera H, Alleva M, Millán‐Placer AC, Lucía A, Martín‐Rapún R, Aínsa JA, la Fuente JM. Nanotechnology‐Based Targeted Drug Delivery: An Emerging Tool to Overcome Tuberculosis. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Baranyai
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
| | - Héctor Soria‐Carrera
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBER de Bioingeniería Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Maria Alleva
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
| | - Ana C. Millán‐Placer
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Domingo Miral s/n Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS‐Aragón) Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Ainhoa Lucía
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Domingo Miral s/n Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS‐Aragón) Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Rafael Martín‐Rapún
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBER de Bioingeniería Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - José A. Aínsa
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Domingo Miral s/n Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS‐Aragón) Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Jesús M. la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBER de Bioingeniería Madrid 28029 Spain
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Bortezomib-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Selectively Alter Metabolism and Induce Death in Multiple Myeloma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092709. [PMID: 32967380 PMCID: PMC7565423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and, despite the great advances made in its management, the development of novel therapeutic strategies are still needed in order to extend patients’ survival and to improve their quality of life. Here we show the striking ability of a mesoporous silica-based device to selectively deliver the antineoplastic drug bortezomib to Folate Receptor (FR) overexpressing MM cells, without causing injury nor perturbing the metabolic homeostasis of FR-negative healthy cells. Our data highlight the high efficacy and extraordinary safety of the tested nanodevice, paving the way for its future exploitation in the treatment of MM. Abstract A mesoporous silica-based nanodevice bearing the antineoplastic drug bortezomib (BTZ), whose release is triggered in acidic environment and grafted with folic acid (FOL) as a targeting function (FOL-MSN-BTZ) was tested on folate receptor overexpressing (FR+) multiple myeloma (MM) cells and on FR negative (FR−) normal cells. FOL-MSN-BTZ efficacy studies were conducted by means of growth experiments, TEM, TUNEL assay and Western Blotting analysis (WB). Metabolic investigations were performed to assess cells metabolic response to MSNs treatments. FOL-MSN-BTZ exclusively killed FR+ MM cells, leading to an apoptotic rate that was comparable to that induced by free BTZ, and the effect was accompanied by metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress. Importantly, FOL-MSN-BTZ treated FR− normal cells did not show any significant sign of injury or metabolic perturbation, while free BTZ was still highly toxic. Notably, the vehicle alone (MSN-FOL) did not affect any biological process in both tested cell models. These data show the striking specificity of FOL-MSN-BTZ toward FR+ tumor cells and the outstanding safety of the MSN-FOL vehicle, paving the way for a future exploitation of FOL-MSN-BTZ in MM target therapy.
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Müller C, Schibli R, Maurer B. Can Nuclear Imaging of Activated Macrophages with Folic Acid-Based Radiotracers Serve as a Prognostic Means to Identify COVID-19 Patients at Risk? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090238. [PMID: 32916949 PMCID: PMC7559490 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we discuss the potential role of folic acid-based radiopharmaceuticals for macrophage imaging to support clinical decision-making in patients with COVID-19. Activated macrophages play an important role during coronavirus infections. Exuberant host responses, i.e., a cytokine storm with increase of macrophage-related cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 can lead to life-threatening complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which develops in approximately 20% of the patients. Diverse immune modulating therapies are currently being tested in clinical trials. In a preclinical proof-of-concept study in experimental interstitial lung disease, we showed the potential of 18F-AzaFol, an 18F-labeled folic acid-based radiotracer, as a specific novel imaging tool for the visualization and monitoring of macrophage-driven lung diseases. 18F-AzaFol binds to the folate receptor-beta (FRβ) that is expressed on activated macrophages involved in inflammatory conditions. In a recent multicenter cancer trial, 18F-AzaFol was successfully and safely applied (NCT03242993). It is supposed that the visualization of activated macrophage-related disease processes by folate radiotracer-based nuclear imaging can support clinical decision-making by identifying COVID-19 patients at risk of a severe disease progression with a potentially lethal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; (C.M.); (R.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Britta Maurer
- Center for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-255-22-66
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Moghadam ER, Hashemi F, Entezari M, Hushmandi K, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M. Curcumin in cancer therapy: A novel adjunct for combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and alleviation of its adverse effects. Life Sci 2020; 256:117984. [PMID: 32593707 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dealing with cancer is of importance due to enhanced incidence rate of this life-threatening disorder. Chemotherapy is an ideal candidate in overcoming and eradication of cancer. To date, various chemotherapeutic agents have been applied in cancer therapy and paclitaxel (PTX) is one of them. PTX is a key member of taxane family with potential anti-tumor activity against different cancers. Notably, PTX has demonstrated excellent proficiency in elimination of cancer in clinical trials. This chemotherapeutic agent is isolated from Taxus brevifolia, and is a tricyclic diterpenoid. However, resistance of cancer cells into PTX chemotherapy has endangered its efficacy. Besides, administration of PTX is associated with a number of side effects such as neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and so on, demanding novel strategies in obviating PTX issues. Curcumin is a pharmacological compound with diverse therapeutic effects including anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and so on. In the current review, we demonstrate that curcumin, a naturally occurring nutraceutical compound is able to enhance anti-tumor activity of PTX against different cancers. Besides, curcumin administration reduces adverse effects of PTX due to its excellent pharmacological activities. These topics are discussed with an emphasis on molecular pathways to provide direction for further studies in revealing other signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzia, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Farid Hashemi
- DVM, Graduated, Young Researcher and Elite Club, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fardin Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Díaz-García D, Montalbán-Hernández K, Mena-Palomo I, Achimas-Cadariu P, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, López-Collazo E, Prashar S, Ovejero Paredes K, Filice M, Fischer-Fodor E, Gómez-Ruiz S. Role of Folic Acid in the Therapeutic Action of Nanostructured Porous Silica Functionalized with Organotin(IV) Compounds Against Different Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060512. [PMID: 32503320 PMCID: PMC7355810 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines of various mesoporous silica-based materials containing folate targeting moieties and a cytotoxic fragment based on a triphenyltin(IV) derivative have been studied. Two different mesoporous nanostructured silica systems have been used: firstly, micronic silica particles of the MSU-2 type and, secondly, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of about 80 nm. Both series of materials have been characterized by different methods, such as powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, absorption spectroscopy and microscopy. In addition, these systems have been tested against four different cancer cell lines, namely, OVCAR-3, DLD-1, A2780 and A431, in order to observe if the size of the silica-based systems and the quantity of incorporated folic acid influence their cytotoxic action. The results show that the materials are more active when the quantity of folic acid is higher, especially in those cells that overexpress folate receptors such as OVCAR-3 and DLD-1. In addition, the study of the potential modulation of the soluble folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) by treatment with the synthesized materials has been carried out using OVCAR-3, DLD-1, A2780 and A431 tumour cell lines. The results show that a relatively high concentration of folic acid functionalization of the nanostructured silica together with the incorporation of the cytotoxic tin fragment leads to an increase in the quantity of the soluble FOLR1 secreted by the tumour cells. In addition, the studies reported here show that this increase of the soluble FOLR1 occurs presumably by cutting the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor of membrane FR-α and by the release of intracellular FR-α. This study validates the potential use of a combination of mesoporous silica materials co-functionalized with folate targeting molecules and an organotin(IV) drug as a strategy for the therapeutic treatment of several cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (D.D.-G.); (K.M.-H.); (I.M.-P.); (S.P.)
- Tumour Biology Department, the Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta”, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Karla Montalbán-Hernández
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (D.D.-G.); (K.M.-H.); (I.M.-P.); (S.P.)
- Innate Immunity Group, Laboratory of Tumour Immunology, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irene Mena-Palomo
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (D.D.-G.); (K.M.-H.); (I.M.-P.); (S.P.)
- Innate Immunity Group, Laboratory of Tumour Immunology, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Patriciu Achimas-Cadariu
- Department of Surgery, the Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta”, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, the University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, RO-400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- Innate Immunity Group, Laboratory of Tumour Immunology, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (D.D.-G.); (K.M.-H.); (I.M.-P.); (S.P.)
| | - Karina Ovejero Paredes
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.O.P.); (M.F.)
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.O.P.); (M.F.)
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Tumour Biology Department, the Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta”, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Medfuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, the University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, RO-400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.F.-F.); (S.G.-R.)
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (D.D.-G.); (K.M.-H.); (I.M.-P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.-F.); (S.G.-R.)
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Echeverri-Cuartas CE, Gartner C, Lapitsky Y. PEGylation and folate conjugation effects on the stability of chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:1055-1062. [PMID: 32330499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-based nanoparticles (Ch-NPs) prepared via ionotropic gelation of Ch with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) have been widely examined as potential drug carriers. Yet, recent studies have shown these particles to be unstable in model (pH 7.2-7.4) physiological media. To this end, here we explored the possibility of improving TPP-crosslinked Ch-NP stability through chemical Ch modification. Specifically, Ch samples with either 76% or 92% degrees of deacetylation (DD) were grafted with either polyethylene glycol (PEG), a hydrophilic molecule, or folic acid (F), a hydrophobic molecule. Limited variation in dispersion light scattering intensity, particle size and apparent ζ-potential, and lack of macroscopic precipitation were chosen as analytical evidence of dispersion stability. TPP titrations were performed to determine the optimal TPP:glucosamine molar ratio for preparing particles with near 200-nm diameters, which are desirable for systemic administration of drugs, cellular uptake, and enhancing NP blood circulation. Both DD and Ch modification influenced the particle formation process and the evolution in NP size and ζ-potential upon 30-day storage in virtually salt-free water at 25 °C and 37 °C, where the NPs underwent partial aggregation (along with possible dissolution and swelling) but remained colloidally dispersed. Under model physiological (pH 7.2; 163 mM ionic strength) conditions, however (where the chitosan amine groups were largely deprotonated), the particles quickly became destabilized, evidently due to particle dissolution followed by Ch precipitation. Overall, within the degrees of substitution used for this work (~1% for PEG, and 3 and 6% for F), neither PEG nor F qualitatively improved Ch-NP stability at physiological pH 7.2 conditions. Thus, application of TPP-crosslinked Ch-NPs in drug delivery (even when Ch is derivatized with PEG or F) should likely be limited to administration routes with acidic pH (at which these NPs remain stable).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Echeverri-Cuartas
- Grupo de Ciencia de los Materiales/Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia; Escuela de Ciencias de la Vida/Programa de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad EIA, Colombia.
| | - Carmiña Gartner
- Grupo de Ciencia de los Materiales/Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Yakov Lapitsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Caspase-11 Non-Canonical Inflammasome: Emerging Activator and Regulator of Infection-Mediated Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082736. [PMID: 32326466 PMCID: PMC7215657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a body’s protective mechanism to eliminate invading pathogens and cellular damaging signals. The inflammatory response consists of two main consecutive steps—a priming step preparing the inflammatory responses and a triggering step boosting the inflammatory responses. The main feature of the triggering step is the activation of the inflammasome, an intracellular multiprotein complex facilitating the inflammatory responses. The regulatory roles of ‘canonical’ inflammasomes in the inflammatory responses and diseases have been largely investigated, so far. New types of inflammasomes have been recently discovered and named as ‘non-canonical’ inflammasomes since their roles to induce inflammatory responses are similar to those of canonical inflammasomes, however, the stimulating ligands and the underlying mechanisms are different. Therefore, a growing number of studies have actively investigated the novel roles of non-canonical inflammasomes in inflammatory responses and diseases. This review summarizes and discusses the recent studies exploring the regulatory roles of caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome during the inflammatory responses and provides insight into the development of novel therapeutics for infectious and inflammatory diseases by targeting caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome.
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Jo M, Yi YS, Cho JY. Archidendron lucidum Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Targeting PDK1 in the NF- κB Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:429-444. [PMID: 32160757 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological activities of some Leguminosae family members were reported. Pharmacological activities of Archidendron lucidum, a Leguminosae family member have never been explored. Therefore, this study investigated anti-inflammatory effects of an Archidendron lucidum methanol extract (Al-ME). In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of Al-ME were investigated in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis mice by MTT assay, nitric oxide (NO) production assay, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), luciferase reporter assay, and Western blotting. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified ethnopharmacological compounds in Al-ME. Al-ME inhibited NO production without cytotoxicity in peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS or Pam3CSK4. Al-ME downregulated mRNA expression of inflammatory genes (inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6). Al-ME exerted anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. HPLC analysis identified quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol as major anti-inflammatory components in Al-ME. Al-ME ameliorated HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis symptoms in mice by suppressing iNOS and IL-6 mRNA expressions and IκBα phosphorylation. Therefore, these results suggest that Al-ME exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by targeting NF-κB signaling pathway, implying that Al-ME could be potent anti-inflammatory medications to prevent and treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyeong Jo
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Chaubey P, Momin M, Sawarkar S. Significance of Ligand-Anchored Polymers for Drug Targeting in the Treatment of Colonic Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1628. [PMID: 32161536 PMCID: PMC7052366 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of a variety of bowel diseases like Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, colonic cancers, colonic pathologies, and systemic delivery of drugs at the target sites can be done with the help of targeted drug delivery technique. Conventional colon specific drug delivery systems lack specificity and release significant amount of drug prior reaching the target site. Hence, efficient drug delivery system that ensures effective release of the drug at the colon is still a sought after research arena. Ligand anchored therapy is a strong and effective approach to execute drug delivery in selective target cells, for both, diagnostic, as well as therapeutic reasons. Compared to the regular drugs, such ligand anchored therapy provides added benefit of minimum toxicity and few side effects. Discovery of overexpressed receptors on diseased cells, as compared to healthy cells led to the emergence of active drug targeting. Further, drug resistance constitutes one of the major reasons of the failure of chemotherapy and presents a major obstacle for the effective treatment. The reason behind drug resistance is exposure of pathological cells/pathogens to sub-therapeutic levels of drugs due lack of specificity of therapeutics. Active targeting, specifically taken up by the target cells, can warrant exposure of pathological cells/pathogens to high drug load at the target and sparing non-target cells hence minimal damage to normal cells and least chance of drug resistance. Many ligands like antibodies, aptamers, peptides, folate, and transferrin have been discovered in the past few years. The design of nanocarriers can be incorporated with many different functions which enables functions like imaging and triggered intracellular drug release. The present review article focuses on advances in ligand anchored therapy and its significance on the progress of targeted nanocarriers. It will also establish novel concepts like multi-targeting and multi-functional nanocarriers for the treatment of colonic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramila Chaubey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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50
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Yi Y. Functional crosstalk between non-canonical caspase-11 and canonical NLRP3 inflammasomes during infection-mediated inflammation. Immunology 2020; 159:142-155. [PMID: 31630388 PMCID: PMC6954705 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a part of the body's immune response for protection against pathogenic infections and other cellular damages; however, chronic inflammation is a major cause of various diseases. One key step in the inflammatory response is the activation of inflammasomes, intracellular protein complexes comprising pattern recognition receptors and other inflammatory molecules. The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory responses has been extensively investigated; however, the caspase-11 inflammasome has been recently identified and has been classified as a 'non-canonical' inflammasome, and emerging studies have highlighted its role in inflammatory responses. Because the ligands and the mechanisms for the activation of these two inflammasomes are different, studies to date have separately described their roles, although recent studies have reported the functional cooperation between these two inflammasomes during an inflammatory response. This review discusses the studies investigating the functional crosstalk between non-canonical caspase-11 and canonical NLRP3 inflammasomes in the context of inflammatory responses; moreover, it provides insight for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics to prevent and treat infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical EngineeringCheongju UniversityCheongjuKorea
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