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Larra MF, Capellino S, Schwendich E, von Haugwitz L, Reinders J, Wascher E. Immediate and Delayed Salivary Cytokine Responses during Repeated Exposures to Cold Pressor Stress. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:81-92. [PMID: 36917961 DOI: 10.1159/000529625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive stress is increasingly recognized as an important trigger of many diseases prevalent in modern societies, and monitoring such stress-related effects could aid prevention. The measurement of salivary markers of inflammation is emerging as a promising tool to non-invasively quantify stress' effects on immune processes in everyday life and thereby detect early aberrations before the manifestation of serious health problems. However, more laboratory-controlled research is needed in order to establish the timescale and determinants of salivary cytokine responses to acute stress. METHODS We repeatedly exposed participants to Cold Pressor Stress Test (CPT) or a control procedure and measured a wide array of salivary cytokines as well as subjective, cardiovascular, and cortisol stress reactions. CPT exposure was repeated every 15 min, 3 times in total, with a duration of 3 min each. Saliva was sampled immediately after the first two exposures as well as in 15-min intervals until 60 min after the onset of the first intervention. RESULTS We found that many cytokines were detectable in saliva. Specific stress effects were limited to IL-8 and IL-6, however, which decreased immediately or 15 min after stress onset, respectively. Moreover, IL-8 was negatively correlated to cortisol output in the stress but not in the control group. Significant increases were also observed in salivary TNFα and IFNγ; however, these effects were similar under both stress and control conditions. DISCUSSION Our results show that particular salivary cytokines may be sensitive to immediate effects of acute CPT-induced stress and also highlight the importance of employing control procedures to discern stress effects from unrelated variations in salivary cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro F Larra
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Silvia Capellino
- Department of Immunology, Research Group of Neuroimmunology, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elena Schwendich
- Department of Immunology, Research Group of Neuroimmunology, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leon von Haugwitz
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Department of Toxicology, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Department of Ergonomics, IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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Radauceanu A, Grzebyk M, Edmé JL, Chérot-Kornobis N, Rousset D, Dziurla M, De Broucker V, Hédelin G, Sobaszek A, Hulo S. Effects of occupational exposure to poorly soluble forms of beryllium on biomarkers of pulmonary response in exhaled breath of workers in machining industries. Toxicol Lett 2016; 263:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Application of multiplex immunoassay technology to investigations of ocular disease. Expert Rev Mol Med 2016; 18:e15. [PMID: 27577534 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eye-derived fluids, including tears, aqueous humour and vitreous humour often contain molecular signatures of ocular disease states. These signatures can be composed of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteases and soluble receptors. However, the small quantities (<10 µl) of these fluids severely limit the detection of these proteins by traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or Western blot. To maximise the amount of information generated from the analysis of these specimens, many researchers have employed multiplex immunoassay technologies for profiling the expression or modification of multiple proteins from minute sample volumes.
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Hayes SA, Haefliger S, Harris B, Pavlakis N, Clarke SJ, Molloy MP, Howell VM. Exhaled breath condensate for lung cancer protein analysis: a review of methods and biomarkers. J Breath Res 2016; 10:034001. [PMID: 27380020 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and is considered one of the most aggressive human cancers, with a 5 year overall survival of 10-15%. Early diagnosis of lung cancer is ideal; however, it is still uncertain as to what technique will prove successful in the systematic screening of high-risk populations, with the strongest evidence currently supporting low dose computed tomography (LDCT). Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has recently been proposed as an alternative low risk and non-invasive screening method to investigate early-stage neoplastic processes in the airways. However, there still remains a relative paucity of lung cancer research involving EBC, particularly in the measurement of lung proteins that are centrally linked to pathogenesis. Considering the ease and safety associated with EBC collection, and advances in the area of mass spectrometry based profiling, this technology has potential for use in screening for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. This review will examine proteomics as a method of detecting markers of neoplasia in patient EBC with a particular emphasis on LC, as well as discussing methodological challenges involving in proteomic analysis of EBC specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hayes
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia. Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ramsey KA, Schultz A, Stick SM. Biomarkers in Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. Paediatr Respir Rev 2015; 16:213-8. [PMID: 26051089 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers in cystic fibrosis are used i. for the measurement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator function in order to diagnose cystic fibrosis, and ii. to assess aspects of lung disease severity (e.g. inflammation, infection). Effective biomarkers can aid disease monitoring and contribute to the development of new therapies. The tests of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator function each have unique strengths and weaknesses, and biomarkers of inflammation, infection and tissue destruction have the potential to enhance the management of cystic fibrosis through the early detection of disease processes. The development of biomarkers of cystic fibrosis lung disease, in particular airway inflammation and infection, is influenced by the challenges of obtaining relevant samples from infants and children for whom early detection and treatment of disease might have the greatest long term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Ramsey
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Australia; Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - André Schultz
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Australia; Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Western Australia, Australia; School of Paediatric and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Australia; Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Western Australia, Australia; School of Paediatric and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Australia.
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Abstract
All of life is regulated by complex and organized chemical reactions that help dictate when to grow, to move, to reproduce, and to die. When these processes go awry, or are interrupted by pathological agents, diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, or infections can result. Cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adipokines, and other chemical moieties make up a vast subset of these chemical reactions that are altered in disease states, and monitoring changes in these molecules could provide for the identification of disease biomarkers. From the first identification of carcinoembryonic antigen, to the discovery of prostate-specific antigen, to numerous others described within, biomarkers of disease are detectable in a plethora of sample types. The growing number of biomarkers for infection, autoimmunity, and cancer allow for increasingly early detection, to identification of novel drug targets, to prognostic indicators of disease outcome. However, more and more studies are finding that a single cytokine or growth factor is insufficient as a true disease biomarker and that a more global perspective is needed to understand true disease biology. Such a broad view requires a multiplexed platform for chemical detection, and antibody arrays meet and exceed this need by performing this detection in a high-throughput fashion. Herein, we will discuss how antibody arrays have evolved, and how they have helped direct new drug target design, helped identify therapeutic disease markers, and helped in earlier disease detection. From asthma to renal disease, and neurological dysfunction to immunologic disorders, antibody arrays afford a bright future for new biomarkers discovery.
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Fyodorov VI, Karapuzikov AA, Starikova MK. PROTEINS, PEPTIDES AND AMINO ACIDS AS MARKERS OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2013-6-167-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The article is a review of current literature on a content of proteins, peptides and amino acids in human exhaled breath. The results of proteomics and metabolomics applying for selective detection of individual proteins, peptides and amino acids are described. The study of exhaled breath condensate and exhaled endogenous particles contained lung proteins are considered. The peculiarities of protein, peptide and amino acid content in exhaled breath at various respiratory diseases are described. It is shown that the detectable substances may be specific markers of individual diseases.
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Esther CR, Olsen BM, Lin FC, Fine J, Boucher RC. Exhaled breath condensate adenosine tracks lung function changes in cystic fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L504-9. [PMID: 23355385 PMCID: PMC3627937 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00344.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) biomarkers offers a noninvasive means to assess airway disease, but the ability of EBC biomarkers to track longitudinal changes in disease severity remains unproven. EBC was collected from pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) during regular clinic visits over 1 yr. EBC biomarkers urea, adenosine (Ado), and phenylalanine (Phe) were measured by mass spectrometry, and biomarker ratios were used to control for variable dilution of airway secretions. EBC biomarker ratios were assessed relative to lung function in longitudinal, multivariate models and compared with sputum inflammatory markers and quality of life assessment (CFQ-R). EBC was successfully analyzed from 51 subjects during 184 visits (3.6 ± 0.9 visits per subject). EBC Ado/urea ratio was reproducible in duplicate samples (r = 0.62, P < 0.01, n = 20) and correlated with sputum neutrophil elastase (β = 2.5, P < 0.05). EBC Ado/urea correlated with the percentage predicted of forced expiratory volume in 1 s in longitudinal, multivariate models (β = -2.9, P < 0.01); EBC Ado/Phe performed similarly (β = -2.1, P < 0.05). In contrast, IL-8 and elastase measured in spontaneously expectorated sputum (n = 57 samples from 25 subjects) and the CFQ-R respiratory scale (n = 90 tests from 47 subjects) were not significantly correlated with lung function. EBC was readily collected in a clinic setting from a wide range of subjects. EBC Ado tracked longitudinal changes in lung function in CF, with results similar to or better than established measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Esther
- Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Abstract
The collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may be useful for the management of patients with chronic respiratory disease at all ages. It is a promising technique due to its apparent simplicity and non-invasiveness. EBC does not disturb an ongoing respiratory inflammation. However, the methodology remains controversial, as it is not yet standardized. The current diversity of the methods used to collect and preserve EBC, the analytical pitfalls and the high degree of within-subject variability are the main issues that hamper further development into a clinical useful technique. In order to facilitate the process of standardization, a simplified schematic approach is proposed. An update of available data identified open issues on EBC methodology. These issues were then classified into three separate conditions related to their influence before, during or after the condensation process: (1) pre-condenser conditions related to subject and/or environment; (2) condenser conditions related to condenser equipment; and (3) post-condenser conditions related to preservation and/or analysis. This simplified methodological approach highlights the potential influence of the many techniques used before, during and after condensation of exhaled breath. It may also serve as a methodological checklist for a more systematical approach of EBC research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Rosias
- Department of Paediatrics, Orbis Medical Center, Sittard, The Netherlands.
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Kazani S, Israel E. Exhaled breath condensates in asthma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. J Breath Res 2010; 4:047001. [PMID: 21383487 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/4/4/047001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection and analysis offers a unique non-invasive method to sample the airway lining fluid. It enables classification and quantification of airway inflammation associated with various pulmonary diseases such as asthma. Over the last decade, innumerable efforts have been made to identify biomarkers in EBC for diagnosis and management of asthma. The aim of this review is to consolidate information available to date, summarize findings from studies and identify potential biomarkers which need further refinement through translational research prior to application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsah Kazani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, PBB Clinics 3, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Structural and catalytic polymorphism of human enzymes: Novel potential platforms for biomedical diagnostics. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:945-959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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