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Ramser A, Hawken R, Greene E, Okimoto R, Flack B, Christopher CJ, Campagna SR, Dridi S. Bone Metabolite Profile Differs between Normal and Femur Head Necrosis (FHN/BCO)-Affected Broilers: Implications for Dysregulated Metabolic Cascades in FHN Pathophysiology. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050662. [PMID: 37233703 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Femur head necrosis (FHN), also known as bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), has remained an animal welfare and production concern for modern broilers regardless of efforts to select against it in primary breeder flocks. Characterized by the bacterial infection of weak bone, FHN has been found in birds without clinical lameness and remains only detectable via necropsy. This presents an opportunity to utilize untargeted metabolomics to elucidate potential non-invasive biomarkers and key causative pathways involved in FHN pathology. The current study used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) and identified a total of 152 metabolites. Mean intensity differences at p < 0.05 were found in 44 metabolites, with 3 significantly down-regulated and 41 up-regulated in FHN-affected bone. Multivariate analysis and a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) scores plot showed the distinct clustering of metabolite profiles from FHN-affected vs. normal bone. Biologically related molecular networks were predicted using an ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) knowledge base. Using a fold-change cut off of -1.5 and 1.5, top canonical pathways, networks, diseases, molecular functions, and upstream regulators were generated using the 44 differentially abundant metabolites. The results showed the metabolites NAD+, NADP+, and NADH to be downregulated, while 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and histamine were significantly increased in FHN. Ascorbate recycling and purine nucleotides degradation were the top canonical pathways, indicating the potential dysregulation of redox homeostasis and osteogenesis. Lipid metabolism and cellular growth and proliferation were some of the top molecular functions predicted based on the metabolite profile in FHN-affected bone. Network analysis showed significant overlap across metabolites and predicted upstream and downstream complexes, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin, collagen type IV, mitochondrial complex, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β HSD). The qPCR analysis of relevant factors showed a significant decrease in AMPKα2 mRNA expression in FHN-affected bone, supporting the predicted downregulation found in the IPA network analysis. Taken as a whole, these results demonstrate a shift in energy production, bone homeostasis, and bone cell differentiation that is distinct in FHN-affected bone, with implications for how metabolites drive the pathology of FHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Ramser
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ron Okimoto
- Cobb-Vantress, Siloam Springs, AR 72761, USA
| | | | | | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Cook J, Greene ES, Ramser A, Mullenix G, Dridi JS, Liyanage R, Wideman R, Dridi S. Comparative- and network-based proteomic analysis of bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis lesions in broiler's proximal tibiae identifies new molecular signatures of lameness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5947. [PMID: 37045932 PMCID: PMC10097873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (BCO) is a specific cause of lameness in commercial fast-growing broiler (meat-type) chickens and represents significant economic, health, and wellbeing burdens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis remain poorly understood. This study represents the first comprehensive characterization of the proximal tibia proteome from healthy and BCO chickens. Among a total of 547 proteins identified, 222 were differentially expressed (DE) with 158 up- and 64 down-regulated proteins in tibia of BCO vs. normal chickens. Biological function analysis using Ingenuity Pathways showed that the DE proteins were associated with a variety of diseases including cell death, organismal injury, skeletal and muscular disorder, immunological and inflammatory diseases. Canonical pathway and protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that these DE proteins were involved in stress response, unfolded protein response, ribosomal protein dysfunction, and actin cytoskeleton signaling. Further, we identified proteins involved in bone resorption (osteoclast-stimulating factor 1, OSFT1) and bone structural integrity (collagen alpha-2 (I) chain, COL2A1), as potential key proteins involved in bone attrition. These results provide new insights by identifying key protein candidates involved in BCO and will have significant impact in understanding BCO pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cook
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Alison Ramser
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Garrett Mullenix
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jalila S Dridi
- École Universitaire de Kinésithérapie, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Robert Wideman
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Yeast Cell Wall Products Influence the Serum Proteome Composition of Broiler Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911844. [PMID: 36233150 PMCID: PMC9569515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With an ever-growing market and continual financial pressures associated with the prohibition of antibiotic growth promoters, the poultry industry has had to rapidly develop non-antibiotic alternatives to increase production yields. A possible alternative is yeast and its derivatives, such as the yeast cell wall (YCW), which have been proposed to confer selected beneficial effects on the host animal. Here, the effect of YCW supplementation on the broiler chicken was investigated using a quantitative proteomic strategy, whereby serum was obtained from three groups of broilers fed with distinct YCW-based Gut Health Products (GHP) or a control basal diet. Development of a novel reagent enabled application of ProteoMiner™ technology for sample preparation and subsequent comparative quantitative proteomic analysis revealed proteins which showed a significant change in abundance (n = 167 individual proteins; p < 0.05); as well as proteins which were uniquely identified (n = 52) in, or absent (n = 37) from, GHP-fed treatment groups versus controls. An average of 7.1% of proteins showed changes in abundance with GHP supplementation. Several effects of these GHPs including immunostimulation (via elevated complement protein detection), potential alterations in the oxidative status of the animal (e.g., glutathione peroxidase and catalase), stimulation of metabolic processes (e.g., differential abundance of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), as well as evidence of a possible hepatoprotective effect (attenuated levels of serum α-glutathione s-transferase) by one GHP feed supplement, were observed. It is proposed that specific protein detection may be indicative of GHP efficacy to stimulate broiler immune status, i.e., may be biomarkers of GHP efficacy. In summary, this work has developed a novel technology for the preparation of high dynamic range proteomic samples for LC-MS/MS analysis, is part of the growing area of livestock proteomics and, importantly, provides evidential support for beneficial effects that GHP supplementation has on the broiler chicken.
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Yang N, Wang H, Zhang W, Sun H, Li M, Xu Y, Huang L, Geng D. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and proteome to explore the genes related to steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. Exp Cell Res 2021; 401:112513. [PMID: 33567325 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Femoral head necrosis (FHN) is a common disease of hip. However, the pathogenesis of FHN is not well understood. This study attempted to explore the potentially important genes and proteins involved in FHN. METHODS We integrated the transcriptomic and proteomic methods to quantitatively screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs) between Control and FHN groups. Gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were used to assess the roles of DEGs and DEPs. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to verify the key genes/proteins in FHN. CCK-8 assay was performed to measure cell viability. The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were used to evaluate cell apoptosis. RESULTS Transcriptome and proteome studies indicated 758 DEGs and 1097 DEPs between Control and FHN groups, respectively. Cell division, extracellular exosome, and serine-type endopeptidase activity were the most common terms in biological process (BP), cellular component (CC), and molecular function (MF) enrichment, respectively. DEPs were mainly enriched in cellular process, cell, and binding for BP, CC, and MF categories, respectively. DEGs were mainly involved in PI3K-Akt pathway and DEPs were mainly focused in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. Notably, 14 down-regulated and 22 up-regulated genes/proteins were detected at both the transcript and protein level. LRG1, SERPINE2, STMN1, COL14A1, SLC37A2, and MMP2 were determined as the key genes/proteins in FHN. SERPINE2/STMN1 overexpression increased viability and decreased apoptosis of dexamethasone-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study investigated some pivotal regulatory genes/proteins in the pathogenesis of FHN, providing novel insight into the genes/proteins involved in FHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Weicheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Houyi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230001, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Pinghai Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
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Liu K, Wang K, Wang L, Zhou Z. Changes of lipid and bone metabolism in broilers with spontaneous femoral head necrosis. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100808. [PMID: 33518301 PMCID: PMC7936160 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood biochemistry and bone metabolism were evaluated to investigate the etiology and mechanism of spontaneous femoral head necrosis (FHN) in broilers. According to the femoral head score of the fourth, fifth, and sixth week old FHN-affected broilers, they were divided into 3 groups, namely Normal group, femoral head separation group, and femoral head separation with growth plate lacerations group, and then carried out a comparative study. The results showed that the liver function (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and lipid metabolism (high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride) levels of broilers with spontaneous FHN were significant changed compared with the normal group. At the same time, accumulation of lipid droplets appeared in the liver, which illustrated that the occurrence of FHN may be related to lipid metabolism disorders. Tibia and femur parameters showed significant changes in bone mineral density and bone strength. The distribution of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage of broilers with FHN was irregular and vacuoles appeared, which indicated that cartilage homeostasis was destroyed. TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis rate of articular chondrocytes in broilers with FHN in 6-week-old was significantly higher than that of normal broilers. Meanwhile, the bone markers (bone glaprotein and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) changed significantly, indicating that the articular chondrocyte apoptosis and bone metabolism disorder may occur in FHN-affected birds. Therefore, FHN in broilers may be caused by dyslipidemia and abnormal bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kuanbo Wang
- Lianyungang Dongmi Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222248, China
| | - Leguo Wang
- Lianyungang Dongmi Livestock and Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222248, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Wilson FD, Stayer P, Pace LW, Hoerr FJ, Magee DL. Disarticulation-Associated Femoral Head Separation in Clinically Normal Broilers: Histologic Documentation of Underlying and Predisposing Cartilage Abnormalities. Avian Dis 2020; 63:495-505. [PMID: 31967434 DOI: 10.1637/19-00090.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Routine and quantitative histologic studies on femoral head separation (FHS) associated with coxofemoral joint disarticulation at necropsy were conducted on 125 femoral heads collected from 21- to 50-day-old clinically normal broilers. The study compared groups demonstrating grossly detached femoral heads (DFHs) with those having attached femoral heads (AFHs). Marked microscopic lesions compatible with osteochondrosis (OCD) consistently occurred along the separation surface in the DFH population. The histologic changes consisted of cartilage degeneration and necrosis sometimes forming small clefts or microfractures. Hemorrhage and less frequent inflammatory cells were often present along the separation surfaces. Small foci of OCD in the femur occurred in the AFH group with lesser frequency and severity. The histologic changes were mainly found within the proximal proliferative zone of the physis near the epiphyseal junction. Histomorphometry disclosed significant quantitative reductions in chondrocyte density with increased pyknosis occurring adjacent to the separation site and to a lesser extent in deeper regions of the growth plate for the DFH compared with AFH. Measurements made along the separation surface of the percentage length occupied by osteochondrotic defects and actual separated cartilage disclosed significant differences between evaluation groups. However, determinations of vascular canal areas present within two or more regions of the growth plate revealed a slight and significant increased area for DFH compared with AFH. Severity scores for the occurrence of microthrombi within the growth plate showed no difference between the groups. The pathogenesis of FHS in broilers is related to defective cartilage production or degeneration resulting in increased fragility. This contrasts with the proposed pathogenesis of OCD in mammals, which involves ischemic necrosis due to underlying vascular defects. The results for the FHS-disarticulation model also differ from those reported for glucorticoid-induced femoral head necrosis in broilers. The FHS-associated lesions occurred without histologic evidence of bacterial chondritis or osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floyd D Wilson
- Mississippi Veterinary Research Diagnostic Laboratory, CVM, MSU, West Pearl, MS 39208,
| | | | - Lanny W Pace
- Mississippi Veterinary Research Diagnostic Laboratory, CVM, MSU, West Pearl, MS 39208
| | | | - Danny L Magee
- Mississippi Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, CVM, MSU, Pearl, MS 39157
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de Oliveira Peixoto J, Savoldi IR, Ibelli AMG, Cantão ME, Jaenisch FRF, Giachetto PF, Settles ML, Zanella R, Marchesi JAP, Pandolfi JR, Coutinho LL, Ledur MC. Proximal femoral head transcriptome reveals novel candidate genes related to epiphysiolysis in broiler chickens. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:1031. [PMID: 31888477 PMCID: PMC6937697 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proximal femoral head separation (FHS) or epiphysiolysis is a prevalent disorder affecting the chicken femur epiphysis, being considered a risk factor to infection which can cause bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis in broilers. To identify the genetic mechanisms involved in epiphysiolysis, differentially expressed (DE) genes in the femur of normal and FHS-affected broilers were identified using RNA-Seq technology. Femoral growth plate (GP) samples from 35-day-old commercial male broilers were collected from 4 healthy and 4 FHS-affected broilers. Sequencing was performed using an Illumina paired-end protocol. Differentially expressed genes were obtained using the edgeR package based on the False Discovery Rate (FDR < 0.05). RESULTS Approximately 16 million reads/sample were generated with 2 × 100 bp paired-end reads. After data quality control, approximately 12 million reads/sample were mapped to the reference chicken genome (Galgal5). A total of 12,645 genes were expressed in the femur GP. Out of those, 314 were DE between groups, being 154 upregulated and 160 downregulated in FHS-affected broilers. In the functional analyses, several biological processes (BP) were overrepresented. Among them, those related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM), bone development, blood circulation and lipid metabolism, which are more related to chicken growth, are possibly involved with the onset of FHS. On the other hand, BP associated to apoptosis or cell death and immune response, which were also found in our study, could be related to the consequence of the FHS. CONCLUSIONS Genes with potential role in the epiphysiolysis were identified through the femur head transcriptome analysis, providing a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate bone development in fast-growing chickens. In this study, we highlighted the importance of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix related genes in triggering FHS. Furthermore, we have shown new insights on the involvement of lipidemia and immune response/inflammation with FHS in broilers. Understanding the changes in the GP transcriptome might support breeding strategies to address poultry robustness and to obtain more resilient broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane de Oliveira Peixoto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Igor Ricardo Savoldi
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
- Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, Santa Catarina Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, SC Brazil
| | - Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Maurício Egídio Cantão
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina Ferreira Jaenisch
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Zanella
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS Brazil
- Programa de Mestrado em BioExperimentação, UPF, Passo Fundo, RS Brazil
| | - Jorge Augusto Petroli Marchesi
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pandolfi
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, SC Brazil
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Guo Y, Tang H, Wang X, Li W, Wang Y, Yan F, Kang X, Li Z, Han R. Clinical assessment of growth performance, bone morphometry, bone quality, and serum indicators in broilers affected by valgus-varus deformity. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4433-4440. [PMID: 31065716 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The large economic losses caused by leg disorders have raised concerns in the broiler industry. Several types of leg disorders in broilers have been identified, such as tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), femoral head necrosis (FHN), and valgus-varus deformity (VVD). In this study, phenotypic changes associated with VVD were examined using clinical diagnosis, anatomical examination, measured growth performance, bone traits, and serum indicators. The incidence of VVD among the chicken population at a commercial facility in Tangshan China was 1.75% (n = 52,000), distributed about 1:1 (n = 122), between females and males. A majority of chickens were characterized by a unilaterally abnormality, while appropriately 17.6% by bilateral abnormality. Approximately 97.9% of affected broilers were classified as the "valgus" type. Growth traits, including body weight, shank length, and shank girth, were significantly lower in chickens with VVD, while tibia and metatarsal bone indexes were about 1.3-fold higher in the affected birds than in the normal birds. Bone mineral density, bone breaking strength, and several serum indicators were significantly different between affected and normal broilers. Sparse and disarranged bony trabecular was observed in abnormal broilers by histological analysis. Generally, leg disorders are associated with compromised growth, bone quality, bone structure, and lipid metabolism. This study provides a reference for clinical diagnosis of VVD and lays a foundation for exploring its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hehe Tang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangnan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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de Freitas GM, Thomas J, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Basu S, Ramegowda V, do Amaral MN, Benitez LC, Bolacel Braga EJ, Pereira A. Cold tolerance response mechanisms revealed through comparative analysis of gene and protein expression in multiple rice genotypes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218019. [PMID: 31181089 PMCID: PMC6557504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its tropical origin and adaptation, rice is significantly impacted by cold stress, and consequently sustains large losses in growth and productivity. Currently, rice is the second most consumed cereal in the world and production losses caused by extreme temperature events in the context of "major climatic changes" can have major impacts on the world economy. We report here an analysis of rice genotypes in response to low-temperature stress, studied through physiological gas-exchange parameters, biochemical changes in photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants, and at the level of gene and protein expression, towards an understanding and identification of multiple low-temperature tolerance mechanisms. The first effects of cold stress were observed on photosynthesis among all genotypes. However, the tropical japonica genotypes Secano do Brazil and Cypress had a greater reduction in gas exchange parameters like photosynthesis and water use efficiency in comparison to the temperate japonica Nipponbare and M202 genotypes. The analysis of biochemical profiles showed that despite the impacts of low temperature on tolerant plants, they quickly adjusted to maintain their cellular homeostasis by an accumulation of antioxidants and osmolytes like phenolic compounds and proline. The cold tolerant and sensitive genotypes showed a clear difference in gene expression at the transcript level for OsGH3-2, OsSRO1a, OsZFP245, and OsTPP1, as well as for expression at the protein level for LRR-RLKs, bHLH, GLYI, and LTP1 proteins. This study exemplifies the cold tolerant features of the temperate japonica Nipponbare and M202 genotypes, as observed through the analysis of physiological and biochemical responses and the associated changes in gene and protein expression patterns. The genes and proteins showing differential expression response are notable candidates towards understanding the biological pathways affected in rice and for engineering cold tolerance, to generate cultivars capable of maintaining growth, development, and reproduction under cold stress. We also propose that the mechanisms of action of the genes analyzed are associated with the tolerance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Moraes de Freitas
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Julie Thomas
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jackson O. Lay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Supratim Basu
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Venkategowda Ramegowda
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Andy Pereira
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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Screening of Serum Protein Markers for Avascular Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head Differentially Expressed after Treatment with Yuanshi Shengmai Chenggu Tablets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5692735. [PMID: 29750162 PMCID: PMC5884301 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5692735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is an a frequently occurring orthopaedic disease with high morbidity. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Yuanshi Shengmai Chenggu Tablet is a valid prescription for treating steroid-induced femoral head necrosis. However, there are rare investigations about the serum protein marker expression after the acting of drugs on hormone and TCM. In the present study, we aimed to systematically discover and validate the serum biomarkers expression difference in patients with steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head (SANFH) after taking Yuanshi Shengmai Chenggu Tablets (SANFH-TCM), so as to reveal the action mechanism of TCM from the molecular level by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) with multiple reaction monitoring quantification. Significant differences in fibrinogen alpha, fibrinogen beta, fibrinogen gamma, fibronectin, C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein D, and apolipoprotein E were found among SANFH, SANFH-TCM, and healthy controls. Therefore, our study proposes potential biomarkers for SANFH diagnosis and for the prognosis of femoral head necrosis after Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment.
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Huang SC, Rehman MU, Lan YF, Qiu G, Zhang H, Iqbal MK, Luo HQ, Mehmood K, Zhang LH, Li JK. Tibial dyschondroplasia is highly associated with suppression of tibial angiogenesis through regulating the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathway in chickens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9089. [PMID: 28831181 PMCID: PMC5567304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is an intractable poultry problem that is characterized by the appearance of non-vascularized and non-mineralized cartilage masses in tibial growth plates (TGPs). However, the role of angiogenesis inhibition in the occurrence of TD remains unknown. In this study, we found that, compared to low-altitude Arbor Acres chickens (AACs), high-altitude Tibetan chickens showed higher tibial vascular distributions that were accompanied by up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and VEGF receptors. These observations provide insights into hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, which may be related to the absence of TD in high-altitude native Tibetan chickens. Importantly, hypoxia experiments also showed that during hypoxia, tibial angiogenesis was enhanced, which was due to pro-angiogenic factor up-regulation (including VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and IL-8), in AACs. Moreover, we observed that thiram-induced TD could strongly inhibit tibial angiogenesis in the hypertrophic zone through coordinated down-regulation of HIF-1α and pro-angiogenic factors, leading to a disruption in the blood supply to the TGP. Taken together, these findings reveal that the occurrence of TD is highly associated with inhibition of tibial angiogenesis through down-regulated expression of HIF-1α, VEGFA and VEGF receptors, which results in suppression of TGP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Cheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fang Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Qiang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Animal Science Department, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 631000, Pakistan
| | - Li-Hong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Kui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, Tibet, People's Republic of China.
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