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de Oliveira Peixoto J, Savoldi IR, Ibelli AMG, Cantão ME, Jaenisch FRF, Giachetto PF, Settles ML, Zanella R, Marchesi JAP, Pandolfi JR, Coutinho LL, Ledur MC. Proximal femoral head transcriptome reveals novel candidate genes related to epiphysiolysis in broiler chickens. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:1031. [PMID: 31888477 PMCID: PMC6937697 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proximal femoral head separation (FHS) or epiphysiolysis is a prevalent disorder affecting the chicken femur epiphysis, being considered a risk factor to infection which can cause bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis in broilers. To identify the genetic mechanisms involved in epiphysiolysis, differentially expressed (DE) genes in the femur of normal and FHS-affected broilers were identified using RNA-Seq technology. Femoral growth plate (GP) samples from 35-day-old commercial male broilers were collected from 4 healthy and 4 FHS-affected broilers. Sequencing was performed using an Illumina paired-end protocol. Differentially expressed genes were obtained using the edgeR package based on the False Discovery Rate (FDR < 0.05). RESULTS Approximately 16 million reads/sample were generated with 2 × 100 bp paired-end reads. After data quality control, approximately 12 million reads/sample were mapped to the reference chicken genome (Galgal5). A total of 12,645 genes were expressed in the femur GP. Out of those, 314 were DE between groups, being 154 upregulated and 160 downregulated in FHS-affected broilers. In the functional analyses, several biological processes (BP) were overrepresented. Among them, those related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM), bone development, blood circulation and lipid metabolism, which are more related to chicken growth, are possibly involved with the onset of FHS. On the other hand, BP associated to apoptosis or cell death and immune response, which were also found in our study, could be related to the consequence of the FHS. CONCLUSIONS Genes with potential role in the epiphysiolysis were identified through the femur head transcriptome analysis, providing a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate bone development in fast-growing chickens. In this study, we highlighted the importance of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix related genes in triggering FHS. Furthermore, we have shown new insights on the involvement of lipidemia and immune response/inflammation with FHS in broilers. Understanding the changes in the GP transcriptome might support breeding strategies to address poultry robustness and to obtain more resilient broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane de Oliveira Peixoto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Igor Ricardo Savoldi
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
- Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, Santa Catarina Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, SC Brazil
| | - Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Maurício Egídio Cantão
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina Ferreira Jaenisch
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Zanella
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS Brazil
- Programa de Mestrado em BioExperimentação, UPF, Passo Fundo, RS Brazil
| | - Jorge Augusto Petroli Marchesi
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pandolfi
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899 Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC-Oeste, Chapecó, SC Brazil
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Voss-Rech D, Trevisol IM, Brentano L, Silva VS, Rebelatto R, Jaenisch FRF, Okino CH, Mores MAZ, Coldebella A, Botton SDA, Vaz CSL. Impact of treatments for recycled broiler litter on the viability and infectivity of microorganisms. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:308-314. [PMID: 28619162 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The microbiological risk of recycled litter depends on the efficacy of the management system applied to inactivate residual microorganisms and preserve the health of the successive broiler flock. This study aimed to assess the viability and infectivity of the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) and Salmonella Heidelberg in recycled litter exposed to different treatments. The litter was contaminated with microorganisms and submitted to the treatments (T): T1: shallow fermentation; T2: quicklime (calcium oxide); T3: shallow fermentation followed by addition of quicklime; T4: no treatment. Sentinel chicks housed on the treated litter showed that T1 and T3 inactivated residual IBDV. Analysis of the litter subjected to T1 also showed reduced levels of total enterobacteria. T2 was not able to reduce the microorganisms assessed and its association with T1 (T3) failed to enhance the effect of the treatment. NDV did not survive in the broiler litter, regardless of the treatment applied, and it was also not detected in the sentinel chicks. S. Heidelberg remained viable in the litter submitted to all studied treatments, being isolated from the sentinel chicks of all the experimental groups. The antimicrobial activity of T1 and T3 was associated to higher ammonia contents in the broiler litter. The results indicate that the shallow fermentation treatment is efficient for controlling residual IBDV and total enterobacteria in the recycled litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Voss-Rech
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, CEP: 89715-899, Concordia, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Iara Maria Trevisol
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, CEP: 89715-899, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - Liana Brentano
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, CEP: 89715-899, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Rebelatto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, CEP: 89715-899, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, CEP: 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Arlei Coldebella
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, Km 110, CEP: 89715-899, Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Mazzuco H, Avila VS, Coldebella A, Mores R, Jaenisch FRF, Lopes LS. Comparison of the effect of different methods of molt: production and welfare evaluation. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2913-20. [PMID: 22080033 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate alternative molting protocols assessing hen welfare and performance during and after molt. Hyline W-36 pullets were housed at 15 wk of age, and their egg production was obtained during this first cycle. When birds were 80 wk, the following molting treatments were applied: a conventional molt consisting of 10 d of fasting followed by cracked corn for 8 d and a pullet developer diet for 10 d; and 4 alternative molting programs: a soy hulls-based diet (12% CP, 1,455 kcal/kg of ME, and 1.38% Ca) offered for 14 d followed by cracked corn for 4 d and a pullet developer diet for 10 d; and the other 3 molt regimens consisted of feeding soy hulls for 4, 8, or 12 d followed by 10, 6, or 2 d, respectively, of a soy hulls-based diet and 4 d of cracked corn plus 10 d of a pullet developer diet. A nonmolted group of birds was fed a laying hen diet during the experimental period. Hen-day egg number was recorded daily for 56 wk (through 80-136 wk of age). The nonmolted hens showed lower hen-day production and fewer intact eggs and a higher number of cracked and shell-less eggs compared with those of the molted hens (P < 0.0001). A significant treatment by age effect (P < 0.0001) was observed for the variables of high-density lipoproteins and triglycerides. Control hens showed the lowest high-density lipoprotein concentration and the highest triglyceride levels at 84 wk of age when compared with all treatments. The lack of difference in heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio during molt suggests little influence of molting protocols on this variable. Regardless of the treatments, molting was deleterious to bone quality. A high mobilization of Ca through bone resorption for eggshell formation could explain the results obtained. Behavioral patterns coincided with a decline in frustration activities and an increase in alertness as molt proceeded until 83 wk of age. Alternative molting diets consisting of soybean hulls were successful in providing acceptable postmolt egg production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mazzuco
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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