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Khoshbakht S, Başkurt D, Vural A, Vural S. Behçet's Disease: A Comprehensive Review on the Role of HLA-B*51, Antigen Presentation, and Inflammatory Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16382. [PMID: 38003572 PMCID: PMC10671634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a complex, recurring inflammatory disorder with autoinflammatory and autoimmune components. This comprehensive review aims to explore BD's pathogenesis, focusing on established genetic factors. Studies reveal that HLA-B*51 is the primary genetic risk factor, but non-HLA genes (ERAP1, IL-10, IL23R/IL-12RB2), as well as innate immunity genes (FUT2, MICA, TLRs), also contribute. Genome-wide studies emphasize the significance of ERAP1 and HLA-I epistasis. These variants influence antigen presentation, enzymatic activity, and HLA-I peptidomes, potentially leading to distinct autoimmune responses. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies exploring the association between HLA-B*51 and BD and further highlighted the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in BD. Dysregulations in Th1/Th2 and Th17/Th1 ratios, heightened clonal cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells, and reduced T regulatory cells characterize BD's complex immune responses. Various immune cell types (neutrophils, γδ T cells, natural killer cells) further contribute by releasing cytokines (IL-17, IL-8, GM-CSF) that enhance neutrophil activation and mediate interactions between innate and adaptive immunity. In summary, this review advances our understanding of BD pathogenesis while acknowledging the research limitations. Further exploration of genetic interactions, immune dysregulation, and immune cell roles is crucial. Future studies may unveil novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering improved management for this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Khoshbakht
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.V.)
| | - Defne Başkurt
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Atay Vural
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Seçil Vural
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (S.K.); (A.V.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
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2
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Lin S, Xu Z, Lin Z, Xie B, Feng J. Advances in pathogenesis and treatment of ocular involvement in Behcet's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206959. [PMID: 37841268 PMCID: PMC10570607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic multi-systemic disease characterized by relapsing-remitting oral ulcers, genital ulcers, ocular inflammatory involvements, and numerous other systemic features. Ocular involvements are quite common in BD and may cause severe tissue damage and potentially blindness. Even though the pathogenesis of BD remains ambiguous, growing evidences have shown that genetic factors, environmental triggers and immunological abnormalities play significant roles in its development and progression. Novel biotherapies targeting IFN-γ, TNF-α and interleukins have been used in recent years. In this review, we mainly pay attention to the ocular involvement of BD, and discuss the current understanding of mechanisms and advances in therapeutic approaches, especially novel biologics. Finally, we discuss the management in patients with pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suibin Lin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhangpu Hospital, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhangpu Hospital, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baozhao Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (Wuzhou Gongren Hospital), Wuzhou, China
| | - Junmei Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jalali KS, Alhazzaa MA, Alqahtani S, Alattas MY. Pontine Infarction and Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysm as the First Presentation of Behçet’s Disease: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e29204. [PMID: 36259031 PMCID: PMC9572958 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a systemic disease of inflammatory origin that appears most often in the third or fourth decade of life. Behçet’s disease is hallmarked predominantly by mucocutaneous lesions and ocular involvement. Vertebral artery dissection and neurological manifestations are rare complications in Behçet’s disease. We examine the case of a medically free 33-year-old male who was admitted to the emergency department complaining of sudden-onset dizziness, vomiting, and tinnitus. Neurological examination revealed fluctuating consciousness, multiple gaze nystagmus, motor deficit in the upper and lower limbs, bilateral Babinski sign, and truncal ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a right pontine hyperintense lesion on T2-weighted images (T2WI). A right vertebral angiogram four months after the incident showed a dissection in the mid-cervical third of an anomalous duplicated origin arm of the right vertebral artery. This case describes an uncommon form of initial presentation of Behçet’s disease via a pontine infarction triggered by a dissecting aneurysm in an anatomically rare variant of the vertebral artery.
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Jakhmola S, Sk MF, Chatterjee A, Jain K, Kar P, Jha HC. A plausible contributor to multiple sclerosis; presentation of antigenic myelin protein epitopes by major histocompatibility complexes. Comput Biol Med 2022; 148:105856. [PMID: 35863244 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) can be induced upon successful presentation of myelin antigens by MHC I/II. Antigenic similarity between the myelin and viral proteins may worsen the immunological responses. METHODOLOGY Antigenic regions within myelin proteins; PLP1, MBP, MOG, and MAG were analyzed using SVMTrip and EMBOSS. Homology search identified sequence similarity between the predicted host epitopes and viral proteins. NetMHCpan predicted MHC I/II binding followed by peptide-protein docking through the HPEPDOCK server. Thereafter we analyzed conformational flexibility and stability of 15 protein-peptide complexes based on high docking scores. The binding free energy was calculated using conventional (MD) and Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulation. RESULTS PLP1, MBP, MAG and MOG contained numerous antigenic epitopes. MBP and MOG epitopes had sequence similarity to HHV-6 BALF5; EBNA1 and CMV glycoprotein M (gM), and EBV LMP2B, gp350/220; HHV-8 ORFs respectively. Many herpes virus proteins like tegument, envelope glycoproteins, and ORFs of EBV, CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-8 demonstrated sequence similarity with MAG and PLP1. Some antigenic peptides were also linear B-cell epitopes and influenced cytokine production by T-cell. MHC I allele HLA-B*57:01 bound to PLP1 peptide and HLA-A*68:02 bound to a MAG peptide strongly. MHC II alleles HLA-DRB1*04:05 and HLA-DR1*01:01 associated with MAG- and MOG-derived peptides, respectively, demonstrating high HPEPDOCK scores. MD simulations established stable binding of certain peptides with the MHC namely HLA-B*51:01-MBP(DYKSAHKGFKGVDAQGTLSKIFKL), HLA-B*57:01-PLP1(PDKFVGITYALTVVWLLVFACSAVPVYIYF), HLA-DR1*01:01-MOG(VEDPFYWVSPGVLVLLAVLPVLLLQITVGLVFLCLQYR) and HLA-DRB1*04:05-MAG(TWVQVSLLHFVPTREA). CONCLUSIONS Cross-reactivity between self-antigens and pathogen derived immunodominant epitopes may induce MS. Our study supported the role of specific MHC alleles as a contributing MS risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jakhmola
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India.
| | - Md Fulbabu Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Akash Chatterjee
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Khushboo Jain
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India.
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India.
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Gao Y, Zhong Z, Yang P. Genetics in Behcet's Disease: An Update Review. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:916887. [PMID: 38983559 PMCID: PMC11182159 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.916887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is one of the most vision-threatening clinical entities of uveitis. Although the etiopathogenesis of BD remains obscure, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the development of BD. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate association studies have identified several genetic variants strongly associated with BD, including variants in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -A02, -A03, -A24, -A26, -A31, -B15, -B27, -B35, -B49, -B51, -B57, -B58, -C0704, CIITA, ERAP1, MICA, IL1A-IL1B, IL10, IL12, IL23R, IL-23R/IL-12RB2, IL1RL1-IL18R1, STAT4, TFCP2L1, TRAF5, TNFAIP3, CCR1/CCR3, RIPK2, ADO-ZNF365-EGR2, KLRC4, LACC1, MEFV, IRF8, FUT2, CEBPB-PTPN1, ZMIZ1, RPS6KA4, IL10RA, SIPA1-FIBP-FOSL1, VAMP1, JRKL/CTCN5, IFNGR1 and miRNA-146a. Epigenetic modifications are also reported to play essential roles in the development of BD, including DNA methylation and histone modification. We review here the recent advances in the genetic and epigenetic factors associated with the BD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
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The Immunogenetics of Behcet’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:335-347. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Al Okaily F, Alrashidi S, Mustafa M, Alrashdan FB. Genetic Polymorphisms in Transforming Growth Factor-β, Interferon-γ and Interleukin-6 Genes and Susceptibility to Behcet's Disease in Saudi Population. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2020; 13:253-259. [PMID: 32801836 PMCID: PMC7402853 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s249361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Behcet’s disease (BD) is a complex, inflammatory, immune-mediated multi-systemic disease of unknown etiology. Cytokines play major roles in the pathophysiology of BD, and its production may be affected by polymorphism in cytokine genes. Hence, the present study was planned to investigate any possible association between the polymorphism in TGF-β, IFN-γ, and IL-6 genes and BD in the Saudi population. Materials and Methods The present study includes 79 BD cases and 117 age-matched controls. Polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and amplification refractory mutation systems (ARMS) PCR methods were used for polymorphic analysis. Results The heterozygous (CT) and (CT+TT) combined genotypes of TGF-β (509-C/T), heterozygous (AT), variant (TT), and (AT+TT) combined genotypes of IFN-γ (874-A/T) were significantly (P<0.05) associated with BD in the Saudi population. No significant differences were observed for IL-6 (174-G/C) genotypes and alleles between BD cases and controls. Gender does not reflect any significant genotypic and allelic association with males and females. Conclusion CT genotype of TGF-β, and AT and TT genotypes of IFN-γ could be associative genetic risk factors for BD in Saudis. Regulatory region polymorphism in cytokines gene can increase inflammation and deregulated immune response, which could be risk factor for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahdah Al Okaily
- Department of Rheumatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Alrashidi
- Department of Rheumatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mustafa
- Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Bander Alrashdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Charles J, Castellino FJ, Ploplis VA. Past and Present Behçet's Disease Animal Models. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1652-1663. [PMID: 32682369 PMCID: PMC7746599 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200719010425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is presumably an autoinflammatory disease of unknown etiology for which several animal models have been described over the years. Agents and methods used for the development of these models have ranged from the herpes simplex type one virus (hsv-1) pathogen to the use of transgenic mice. Other models have also been used to investigate a possible autoimmune component. Each model possesses its own unique set of benefits and shortcomings, with no one model fully being able to recapitulate the disease phenotype. Here, we review the proposed models and provide commentary on their effectiveness and usefulness in studying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermilia Charles
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Francis J. Castellino
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Victoria A. Ploplis
- W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Dimopoulou C, Lundgren JD, Sundal J, Ullum H, Aukrust P, Nielsen FC, Marvig RL. Variant in ERAP1 promoter region is associated with low expression in a patient with a Behçet-like MHC-I-opathy. J Hum Genet 2019; 65:325-335. [PMID: 31873220 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Behçet disease (BD) is an immune-mediated disease. The cause of BD remains unknown, but the existence of multiple pathological pathways is suspected, including different genetic factors. Polymorphisms in ERAP1 gene have been associated with an increased risk of BD. However, while current BD-associated ERAP1 variants are suggested to contribute to disease by altering the activity of the encoded protein, there is no knowledge of variants that alter the expression level of ERAP1, despite previous associations between ERAP1 expression and BD. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing of a patient with a Behçet-like MHC-I-opathy to identify that the patient, unlike its healthy parents, was homozygous for a rare 1-bp deletion, rs140416843, in the promoter region of ERAP1. rs140416843 has not previously been associated with disease, but is linked to ERAP1 haplotype Hap10 which is associated with BD. The expression of ERAP1 by both RT-qPCR and RNA sequencing showed that ERAP1 mRNA expression correlated with the zygosity for the identified deletion and was decreased in comparison to a healthy cohort. In conclusion, we diagnosed the patient as having BD, and hypothesize that rs140416843-mediated changes in ERAP1 expression play a causative role in BD and that this risk factor is contributing to the association between Hap10 and BD. This is the first report to identify a variant that may cause BD by altering the expression of ERAP1, and our findings suggest that downregulation of ERAP1 expression can serve as a diagnostic marker for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Dimopoulou
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infection (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D Lundgren
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infection (CHIP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Sundal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus L Marvig
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Khabbazi A, Vahedi L, Ghojazadeh M, Pashazadeh F, Khameneh A. Association of HLA-B27 and Behcet's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2019; 10:2. [PMID: 30891643 PMCID: PMC6424999 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-019-0112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background To calculate the genetic impact of the “HLA-B27” allele on the risk of Behcet’s disease (BD) progression using a systematic review and meta-analysis on case control papers. Methods A systematic review search was conducted on the MeSH keywords of Behcet’s disease, HLAB27 and B27 in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, EMBASE, SID, Magiran, IranDoc and IranMedex databases from 1975 to Aug 2017. Data underwent meta-analysis (random effect model) in CMA2 software. Pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each study. The heterogeneity of the articles was measured using the I2 index. Results Twenty two articles met the inclusion criteria for 3939 cases and 6077 controls. The pooled OR of “HLA-B27” in BD patients compared with controls was [1.55 (CI 95% 1.01–2.38), P = 0.04]. The OR differ among different countries or geographical areas, focus on domination the European countries. Quality of studies was moderate and heterogeneity was relatively high (I2 = 66.9%). Conclusions There is a significant correlation between HLA-B27 and Behcet’s Disease, but it was weak. Environmental and genetic factors might determine which the “HLA-B27” alleles manifest Behcet’s disease progression. Future researches is required to perform about what factors can do to positively and separately influence Behcet’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khabbazi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Vahedi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Medical Faculty, Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Pashazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Khameneh
- Tabriz Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Nakamura J, Meguro A, Ishii G, Mihara T, Takeuchi M, Mizuki Y, Yuda K, Yamane T, Kawagoe T, Ota M, Mizuki N. The association analysis between HLA-A*26 and Behçet's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4426. [PMID: 30872678 PMCID: PMC6418292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The strongest genetic risk factor of Behçet's disease (BD) is HLA-B*51. Our group previously reported that HLA-A*26 is independently associated with the risk of the onset of BD apart from HLA-B*51. Here, we re-evaluated the association between HLA-A*26 and BD in the Japanese population. We also performed a comprehensive literature search and meta-analyzed the extracted published data concerning the relationship between HLA-A*26 and BD to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of HLA-A*26 to BD. In this study, we genotyped 611 Japanese BD patients and 2,955 unrelated ethnically matched healthy controls. Genotyping results showed that the phenotype frequency of HLA-A*26 was higher in BD patients than in controls (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.75-2.56). Furthermore, within the HLA-B*51-negative populations, the phenotype frequency of HLA-A*26 was significantly higher in BD patients than in controls (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.43-3.95). Results obtained from meta-analysis combined with our data showed that the modified OR of HLA-A*26 became 1.80 (95% CI:1.58-2.06), whereas within the HLA-B*51-negative population, the modified OR became 4.02 (95% CI: 2.29-7.05). A subgroup analysis arranged by the geographical regions showed HLA-A*26 is in fact associated with the onset of BD in Northeast Asia (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.75-2.56), but not in the Middle East or in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutaro Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heisei Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Genji Ishii
- Product Strategy Department, PFU Limited, a Fujitsu Company, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mihara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yuda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsukata Kawagoe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masao Ota
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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12
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Deng Y, Zhu W, Zhou X. Immune Regulatory Genes Are Major Genetic Factors to Behcet Disease: Systematic Review. Open Rheumatol J 2018; 12:70-85. [PMID: 30069262 PMCID: PMC6040213 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic refractory multi-system autoimmune disorder that occurs in a genetically susceptible host. Multiple genetic factors have been identified that may contribute to the pathogenesis of BD. The major genes with polymorphisms associated with BD include HLA-B and -A, CIITA, ERAP1, MICA, IL10, IL12A, IL12RB2, IL23R, MEFV, IRF8, TNFAIP3, REL, TLR4, NOD1,2, CCR1,CCR3, GIMAP1,2,4, KLRC4, STAT4, NCOA5, FOXP3, PSORS1C1, FUT2, UBAC2, SUMO4, ADO-EGR2, CEBPB-PTPN1, and JPKL-CNTN5. These genes encode proteins involved mainly in immune regulation and inflammation, and some in transcription and post-translational modification. A complete view of these BD-associated genes may provide a clue to this complex disease in terms of its pathogenesis and exploring potentially targeted therapies for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchangine>, China.,Department of Internal Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, USA
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, USA.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, USA
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