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He ML, Stanford K, Dugan MER, Marquess L, McAllister TA. Association of leptin genotype with growth performance, adipocyte cellularity, meat quality, and fatty acid profile in beef steers fed flaxseed or high-oleate sunflower seed diets with or without triticale dried distiller's grains. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa104. [PMID: 32277699 PMCID: PMC7185023 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin genotypes can be identified as homozygous normal (CC), homozygous mutant (TT), and heterozygous (CT) based on a single-nucleotide polymorphism in exon 2 of the leptin gene, which has been associated with feed intake and fat deposition in cattle. The experiment was designed as 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with three main factors: (1) genotype (CT or TT) and diets fed 2) with or without triticale dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDG), and 3) with either flaxseed (FS) or high-oleate sunflower seed (SS). Evaluations included growth performance, subcutaneous fat deposition, adipocyte cellularity, meat quality, and fatty acid (FA) profile of various depots. Beef steers (n = 40, 459 ± 31 kg) of either CT or TT genotypes were housed in individual pens with ad libitum access to one of the four diets: 75% steam-rolled barley + 10% barley silage with 10% FS or SS (non-DDG diets, NDG) and 46.5% barley + 10% barley silage + 30% DDG, with 8.5% FS or SS, all on a dry matter basis. Growth performance, ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness, rib eye area (REA), and plasma FA were measured prior to and during the finishing period. At slaughter, samples of subcutaneous fat, perirenal fat, and Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were collected for FA analysis and carcass and meat quality were measured. Compared with CT cattle, TT tended to have less (P = 0.06) C18:2-c9,t11 (rumenic acid) in plasma and subcutaneous fat and a greater proportion (P < 0.05) of C18:0 in subcutaneous, perirenal, and LT fat. Cattle with TT genotype also tended (P < 0.1) to have more total saturated and less unsaturated (USFA) and monounsaturated fats (MUFA) and had less (P = 0.04) linoleic acid in LT. Ultrasound fat thickness, REA, and average diameter of adipocytes in subcutaneous fat at 12 wk were not affected (P > 0.39) by genotype. Generally, carcass and meat quality were similar (P > 0.1) among diets, although adding FS tended to increase (P = 0.06) total USFA of subcutaneous fat including omega-3 FA (P < 0.001). For the high-fat diets evaluated, CT cattle would have more potential to produce beef with enhanced health benefits than would TT cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolong L He
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Agriculture Centre, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Canada
| | | | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
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Reis VA, Reis RA, Araújo TLDRD, Lage JF, Teixeira PD, Gionbelli TRS, Lanna DP, Ladeira MM. Performance, beef quality and expression of lipogenic genes in young bulls fed low-fat dried distillers grains. Meat Sci 2019; 160:107962. [PMID: 31683256 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two studies were carried out, the first with the objective to evaluate performance, beef quality and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of bulls fed with or without low-fat dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS, 21% DM) in the diet. In the second, eight rumen-fistulated bulls were assigned in a switch back design to evaluate the fatty acid profile of omasal fluid. We hypothesized that bulls fed DDGS may have an improved fatty acid profile and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism may be altered, without affecting performance. Bulls fed DDGS had greater (P < .05) concentrations of PUFA n-6 in the omasum and muscle. CLA t10, c12 content was higher and there was lower expression of the LPL gene (P = .05) in the muscle of animals fed DDGS (P = .03). In conclusion, DDGS can be used as a protein feedstuff because it maintains beef quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Amin Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14.884-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Priscilla Dutra Teixeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Dante Pazzanese Lanna
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio Machado Ladeira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37.200-000, Brazil.
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Khatun J, Loh TC, Akit H, Foo HL, Mohamad R. Fatty acid composition, fat deposition, lipogenic gene expression and performance of broiler fed diet supplemented with different sources of oil. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1406-1413. [PMID: 28220633 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of feeding palm oil (PO), sunflower oil (SO) and their combination on performance, fat deposition, fatty acid composition and lipogenic gene expression of broilers reared for 42 days. A total of 144 1-day-old broilers (Cobb500) were randomly allotted into four treatment diets with each having six replicates of six chicks in each replicate following a completely randomized design. Live weight gain and feed efficiency was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in birds fed with a combination of oil sources compared to controls. Birds fed with the combination of oil and SO alone had higher carcass yield and lower abdominal fat. Higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and lower concentrations of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acid (SFA) was found in birds fed SO alone and combinations of SO and PO. Furthermore, the outcomes showed that birds fed diet supplemented with SO and the combination of SO and PO down-regulated gene expression of key hepatic lipogenic enzymes of fatty acids synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). These findings suggest that the diet containing the combination of 2% PO and 4% SO may reduce hepatic lipogenesis, as well as lower abdominal fat content of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatara Khatun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Choi SH, Park SK, Choi CW, Li XZ, Kim KH, Kim WY, Jeong J, Johnson BJ, Zan L, Smith SB. The Expression of Adipogenic Genes in Adipose Tissues of Feedlot Steers Fed Supplementary Palm Oil or Soybean Oil. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:404-12. [PMID: 26950873 PMCID: PMC4811793 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that supplementing finishing diets with palm oil would promote adipogenic gene expression and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression in subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissues of feedlot steers. Eighteen Angus and Angus crossbred steers were assigned to three groups of 6 steers and fed a basal diet (control), with 3% palm oil, or with 3% soybean oil, for 70 d, top-dressed daily. Tailhead s.c. adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy at 14 d before the initiation of dietary treatments and at 35 d of dietary treatments. At slaughter, after 70 d of dietary treatment, tailhead s.c. adipose tissue and i.m. adipose tissue were obtained from the longissimus thoracis muscle. Palm oil increased plasma palmitic acid and soybean oil increased plasma linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid relative to the initial sampling time. Expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) increased between the initial and intermediate biopsies and declined thereafter (p<0.03). SCD gene expression did not change between the initial and intermediate biopsies but declined by over 75% by the final period (p = 0.04), and G-coupled protein receptor 43 (GPR43) gene expression was unaffected by diet or time on trial. Soybean oil decreased (p = 0.01) PPARγ gene expression at the intermediate sample time. At the terminal sample time, PPARγ and SCD gene expression was less in i.m. adipose tissue than in s.c. adipose tissue (p<0.05). AMPKα gene expression was less in s.c. adipose tissue of palm oil-fed steers than in control steers (p = 0.04) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta (CEBPβ) gene expression was less in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissues of palm oil-fed steers than in soybean oil-fed steers (p<0.03). Soybean oil decreased SCD gene expression in s.c. adipose tissue (p = 0.05); SCD gene expression in palm oil-fed steers was intermediate between control and soybean oil-fed steers. Contrary to our original hypothesis, palm oil did not promote adipogenic gene expression in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - Chang Weon Choi
- Department of Animal Resources, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Korea
| | - Xiang Zi Li
- Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, and Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - Joon Jeong
- Livestock Research Center, National Agricultural Cooperatives Federation, Anseong 456-824, Korea
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Linsen Zan
- Department of Animal Science, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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De Marchi F, Palin MF, dos Santos G, Lima L, Benchaar C, Petit H. Flax meal supplementation on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of oxidative stress- and lipogenic-related genes in dairy cows infused with sunflower oil in the abomasum. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Karthik K, Rathore R, Thomas P, Arun TR, Viswas KN, Agarwal RK, Manjunathachar HV, Dhama K. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for specific and rapid detection of Brucella abortus in cattle. Vet Q 2014; 34:174-9. [PMID: 25220872 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2014.966172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucella abortus, the major causative agent of abortion in cattle and a zoonotic pathogen, needs to be diagnosed at an early stage. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test is easy to perform and also promising to be adapted at field level. OBJECTIVE To develop a LAMP assay for specific and rapid detection of B. abortus from clinical samples of cattle. METHODS LAMP primers were designed targeting BruAb2_0168 region using specific software tool and LAMP was optimized. The developed LAMP was tested for its specificity with 3 Brucella spp. and 11 other non-Brucella spp. Sensitivity of the developed LAMP was also carried out with known quantity of DNA. Cattle whole blood samples and aborted fetal stomach contents were collected and used for testing with developed LAMP assay and results were compared with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The developed LAMP assay works at 61 °C for 60 min and the detection limit was observed to be 100-fold more than the conventional PCR that is commonly used for diagnosis of B. abortus. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of the developed LAMP assay was 100% when compared with Rose Bengal plate test and standard tube agglutination test. SYB® green dye I was used to visualize the result with naked eye. CONCLUSION The novelty of the developed LAMP assay for specifically detecting B. abortus infection in cattle along with its inherent rapidness and high sensitivity can be employed for detecting this economically important pathogen of cattle at field level as well be exploited for screening of human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karthik
- a Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Romao JM, Jin W, He M, McAllister T, Guan LL. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms of physiological variations between bovine subcutaneous and visceral fat depots under different nutritional regimes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83211. [PMID: 24349463 PMCID: PMC3857301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and metabolism. There is sparse understanding of the molecular regulation at the protein level of bovine adipose tissues, especially within different fat depots under different nutritional regimes. The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in protein expression between bovine subcutaneous and visceral fat depots in steers fed different diets and to identify the potential regulatory molecular mechanisms of protein expression. Subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues were collected from 16 British-continental steers (15.5 month old) fed a high-fat diet (7.1% fat, n=8) or a control diet (2.7% fat, n=8). Protein expression was profiled using label free quantification LC-MS/MS and expression of selected transcripts was evaluated using qRT-PCR. A total of 682 proteins were characterized and quantified with fat depot having more impact on protein expression, altering the level of 51.0% of the detected proteins, whereas diet affected only 5.3%. Functional analysis revealed that energy production and lipid metabolism were among the main functions associated with differentially expressed proteins between fat depots, with visceral fat being more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat as proteins associated with lipid and energy metabolism were upregulated. The expression of several proteins was significantly correlated to subcutaneous fat thickness and adipocyte size, indicating their potential as adiposity markers. A poor correlation (r=0.245) was observed between mRNA and protein levels for 9 genes, indicating that many proteins may be subjected to post-transcriptional regulation. A total of 8 miRNAs were predicted to regulate more than 20% of lipid metabolism proteins differentially expressed between fat depots, suggesting that miRNAs play a role in adipose tissue regulation. Our results show that proteomic changes support the distinct metabolic and physiological characteristics observed between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Moura Romao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Weiwu Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maolong He
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Shahzad K, Loor JJ. Application of Top-Down and Bottom-up Systems Approaches in Ruminant Physiology and Metabolism. Curr Genomics 2013; 13:379-94. [PMID: 23372424 PMCID: PMC3401895 DOI: 10.2174/138920212801619269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology is a computational field that has been used for several years across different scientific areas of biological research to uncover the complex interactions occurring in living organisms. Applications of systems concepts at the mammalian genome level are quite challenging, and new complimentary computational/experimental techniques are being introduced. Most recent work applying modern systems biology techniques has been conducted on bacteria, yeast, mouse, and human genomes. However, these concepts and tools are equally applicable to other species including ruminants (e.g., livestock). In systems biology, both bottom-up and top-down approaches are central to assemble information from all levels of biological pathways that must coordinate physiological processes. A bottom-up approach encompasses draft reconstruction, manual curation, network reconstruction through mathematical methods, and validation of these models through literature analysis (i.e., bibliomics). Whereas top-down approach encompasses metabolic network reconstructions using ‘omics’ data (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics) generated through DNA microarrays, RNA-Seq or other modern high-throughput genomic techniques using appropriate statistical and bioinformatics methodologies. In this review we focus on top-down approach as a means to improve our knowledge of underlying metabolic processes in ruminants in the context of nutrition. We also explore the usefulness of tissue specific reconstructions (e.g., liver and adipose tissue) in cattle as a means to enhance productive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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Romao JM, Jin W, He M, McAllister T, Guan LL. Altered microRNA expression in bovine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues from cattle under different diet. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40605. [PMID: 22815773 PMCID: PMC3398999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of molecular regulators found to participate in numerous biological processes, including adipogenesis in mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the differences of miRNA expression between bovine subcutaneous (backfat) and visceral fat depots (perirenal fat) and the dietary effect on miRNA expression in these fat tissues. Methodology/Principal Findings Fat tissues were collected from 16 Hereford×Aberdeen Angus cross bred steers (15.5 month old) fed a high-fat diet (5.85% fat, n = 8) or control diet (1.95% fat, n = 8). Total RNA from each animal was subjected to miRNA microarray analysis using a customized Agilent miRNA microarray containing 672 bovine miRNA probes. Expression of miRNAs was not equal between fat depots as well as diets: 207 miRNAs were detected in both fat depots, while 37 of these were found to be tissue specific; and 169 miRNAs were commonly expressed under two diets while 75 were diet specific. The number of miRNAs detected per animal fed the high fat diet was higher than those fed control diet (p = 0.037 in subcutaneous fat and p = 0.002 visceral fat). Further qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of some miRNAs was highly influenced by diet (miR-19a, -92a, -92b, -101, -103, -106, -142–5p, and 296) or fat depot (miR-196a and -2454). Conclusions/Significance Our results revealed that the miRNA may differ among adipose depots and level of fat in the diet, suggesting that miRNAs may play a role in the regulation of bovine adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Moura Romao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Weiwu Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maolong He
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Geng XC, Li B, Zhang L, Song Y, Lin Z, Zhang YQ, Wang JZ. Corn oil as a vehicle in drug development exerts a dose-dependent effect on gene expression profiles in rat thymus. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 32:850-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Li
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control; Beijing; 100050; People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- BioChain (Beijing) Science and Technology Inc.; Beijing; 100176; People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou; 510006; People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Lin
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control; Beijing; 100050; People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qi Zhang
- Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an; 710032; People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Zhi Wang
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control; Beijing; 100050; People's Republic of China
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