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Vadroňová M, Šťovíček A, Výborná A, Tyrolová Y, Tichá D, Joch M. Insights into Effects of Combined Capric and Lauric Acid on Rumen Bacterial Composition. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1085. [PMID: 38930467 PMCID: PMC11206137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study used next-generation sequencing to assess the impact of combined capric acid (C10) and lauric acid (C12) on the ruminal bacterial composition. Eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups using a cross-over design. The cows were fed two silage-based diets with the addition of either 100 g of stearic acid per cow per day (control), or 50 g of capric acid and 50 g of lauric acid per cow per day (C10 + C12). On day 18, 250 mL of rumen fluid was collected from each cow, and DNA was isolated, amplified, and sequenced. Treatment did not alter bacterial diversity indices, the relative abundance of archaea, nor the fiber-degrading microorganisms, except for a decrease in Fibrobacter (from 2.9% to 0.7%; p = 0.04). The relative abundance of Prevotellaceae decreased (from 39.9% to 29.6%; p = 0.009), which is notable because some members help to efficiently utilize ammonia by releasing it slowly into the rumen. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Clostridia increased (from 28.4% to 41.5%; p = 0.008), which may have aided the increased ammonia-nitrogen levels in the rumen, as this class contains hyperammonia-producing members. Our study reveals alterations in bacterial abundances with implications for rumen ammonia levels, offering insights into potential strategies for modulating rumen fermentation processes and methane production in ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vadroňová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Adam Šťovíček
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
| | - Alena Výborná
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yvona Tyrolová
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Denisa Tichá
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Miroslav Joch
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
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Vadroňová M, Šťovíček A, Jochová K, Výborná A, Tyrolová Y, Tichá D, Homolka P, Joch M. Combined effects of nitrate and medium-chain fatty acids on methane production, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacterial populations in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21961. [PMID: 38081855 PMCID: PMC10713576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of nitrate (NT) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), including C8, C10, C12, and C14, on methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumen bacteria using a 24 h batch incubation technique. Four types of treatments were used: control (no nitrate, no MCFA), NT (nitrate at 3.65 mM), NT + MCFA (nitrate at 3.65 mM + one of the four MCFA at 500 mg/L), and NT + MCFA/MCFA (nitrate at 3.65 mM + a binary combination of MCFA at 250 and 250 mg/L). All treatments decreased (P < 0.001) methanogenesis (mL/g dry matter incubated) compared with the control, but their efficiency was dependent on the MCFA type. The most efficient CH4 inhibitor was the NT + C10 treatment (- 40%). The combinations containing C10 and C12 had the greatest effect on bacterial alpha and beta diversity and relative microbial abundance (P < 0.001). Next-generation sequencing showed that the family Succinivibrionaceae was favored in treatments with the greatest CH4 inhibition at the expense of Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Archaea decreased (P < 0.05) in the NT + C10 and NT + C10/C12 treatments. These results confirm that the combination of NT with MCFA (C10 and C12 in particular) may effectively reduce CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vadroňová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Šťovíček
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jochová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Výborná
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yvona Tyrolová
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Tichá
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Homolka
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Joch
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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da Costa TSA, da Silva JAR, Faturi C, Silva AGME, do Rêgo AC, Monteiro EMM, Budel JCDC, de Castro VCG, Barbosa AVC, da Silva WC, Lourenço-Junior JDB. Evaluation of the quality of meat and carcasses from sheep fed diets containing three types of oils. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1103516. [PMID: 37483296 PMCID: PMC10359496 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the carcass and meat of lambs fed with different types of oil. Thirty male, uncastrated, mixed breed (Santa Inês × Dorper) sheep were used in this experiment and were distributed in random blocks with three treatments and 10 replicates per treatment, where each animal represents a replicated experimental unit. The three treatments were the following experimental diets: soybean oil in natura; soybean oil after use in frying, and palm oil (Elaeis guineensis). The oils were incorporated into the sheep diets at a level of 4%. Carcasses were evaluated for hot and cold yield, loss due to cooling, finish, conformation, internal fat concentration, morphometric measurements, tissue composition, and commercial cuts. The addition of soybean oil in natura, residual soybean oil from frying, and palm oil to the sheep diets did not alter any of the evaluated characteristics, which therefore can be interpreted as favoring the use of any of these three oils as a supplement to their diet, and the three oils imparted good characteristics to the carcasses and the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thays Syntya Antunes da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Castanhal, Brazil
| | | | - Cristian Faturi
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - André Guimarães Maciel e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinícius Costa Gomes de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in the Amazon (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Castanhal, Brazil
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Federal University of Para (UFPA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Castanhal, Brazil
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Avilés-Nieto JN, Márquez-Mota CC, Hernández-Medrano JH, Ramírez-Bribiesca JE, Castillo-Gallegos E, Plascencia A, Castrejón-Pineda FA, Corona L. Effect of canola oil supplementation level on total tract digestion, ruminal fermentation, and methane emissions of cows grazing Urochloa sp. supplemented with a fixed amount of concentrate. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:77. [PMID: 36773073 PMCID: PMC9922234 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Four rumen-cannulated cows (Bos taurus × Bos indicus, 657 ± 92 kg body weight, BW) in a rotational grazing (Urochloa sp.) system were assigned to different canola oil (CO) inclusion levels, 0.0, 0.40, 0.80, and 1.2 g/kg according to shrunk body weight (SBW, BW adjusted for gastrointestinal filling) in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design to evaluate CO on the CH4 emissions and dietary energy intake. CH4 emissions were estimated using an infrared analyzer methodology (Sniffer method). Grass intake and fecal production were estimated using Cr2O3 as an external marker. CO supplementation increased (linear effect, P ≤ 0.05) total dry matter and gross energy intake with a linear increase (P = 0.09) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake. While digestible energy (Mcal/kg) linearly increased with increasing CO supplementation level (linear effect, P < 0.05), total tract digestion of organic matter, NDF, and CP was comparable (P > 0.05) between levels. Maximal CO supplementation (1.2 g/kg SBW) significantly decreased total ruminal protozoa population, acetate:propionate ratio, and enteric methane production (g/kg DMI) by 9, 5.3, and 17.5%, respectively. This study showed that, for cows grazing tropical forages, CO can be supplemented up to 1.2 g/kg SBW (5.8% of the total diet) without negatively affecting intake and nutrient digestion while reducing ruminal fermentation efficiency and enteric methane emission (≤ 17.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Noe Avilés-Nieto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Cecilia Márquez-Mota
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Epigmenio Castillo-Gallegos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación Y Extensión en Ganadería Tropical, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Francisco Alejandro Castrejón-Pineda
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Corona
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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da Silva FJS, de Lima Júnior DM, de Almeida VVS, Oliveira AC, Fernandes BDO, Souza AP, de Carvalho FFR, de Medeiros AN. Coconut fruit pulp by-product in the diet of sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:379. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Dias Junior PCG, dos Santos IJ, do Nascimento FL, Paternina EA, Alves BA, Pereira IG, Ramos AL, Alvarenga TI, Furusho-Garcia IF. Macadamia oil and vitamin E for lambs: performance, blood parameters, meat quality, fatty acid profile and gene expression. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Reduction of enteric methane production with palm oil: Responses in dry matter intake, rumen fermentation and apparent digestibility in sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effects of Dietary Babassu Oil or Buriti Oil on Nutrient Intake and Total Tract Digestibility, and Abomasal Digesta Fatty Acid Profile of Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091176. [PMID: 35565602 PMCID: PMC9103921 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This research tested the effects of adding babassu oil (450 g/kg C12:0 of total fatty acids—FA) or buriti oil (750 g/kg C18:f total FA) to the diet of lambs on intake, nutrient digestibility, FA profile of abomasal digesta content and biohydrogenation patterns in digestive content. Both are widely available in the Northeast of Brazil and Amazon region. Our results provide evidence that the babassu supplemented diet promotes greater stress to the ruminal bacteria (due to the high concentration of C12:0), changing the normal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the rumen, and the FA concentration that flows to the abomasum, compared to the buriti oil supplemented diet, which provided similar results to the non-supplemented diet. Abstract Our current understanding of the effect of medium-chain FA (MCFA) rich vegetable oils on ruminant nutrition is limited. We assessed the effects of babassu or buriti oil addition to the diet of lambs on intake, nutrient digestibility, FA profile of abomasal digesta content and biohydrogenation (BH) patterns in digestion. The experimental diets were defined by the addition of babassu oil or buriti oil to the diet, as follows: (1) non-supplemented diet (CON); (2) 40 g/kg of babassu oil (BAO, rich in C12:0); and (3) 40 g/kg of buriti oil (BUO, rich in c9 18:1), on a dry matter (DM) basis. During the last five days of the feedlot, samples of orts and feces were individually collected to determine the nutrient and FA digestibility. At the end of the experiment, animals were slaughtered, and the abomasal digesta was collected, freeze-dried and used for FA determinations conducted by gas chromatography. The BAO diet decreased the DM (p = 0.014) and nutrient intake. The lambs fed BUO had the greatest FA intake, followed by the BAO and CON diets. However, BAO increased total FA digestibility, compared with CON, but did not differ from BUO. The BAO diet extensively changed the FA composition of abomasal digesta when compared with both the CON and BUO diets. The BAO diet also increased C12:0 and C14:0, the sum of PUFA and the BH intermediates FA, including the t-10-18:1 but decreased the C18:0 in abomasal digesta. The BUO addition had the greatest total-FA and C18:0 and the lowest biohydrogenation intermediate content in abomasal digesta. The BH was less complete with the BAO diet and a large increase in t10-18:1 and of t10-/t11-18:1 ratio was observed, which indicates the occurrence of t10 possibly shifted rumen BH pathways, probably as a response to bacterial membrane stress induced by the greater C12:0 concentration in the rumen.
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Castro DPV, Pimentel PRS, da Silva Júnior JM, Virgínio Júnior GF, de Andrade EA, Barbosa AM, Pereira ES, Ribeiro CVDM, Bezerra LR, Oliveira RL. Effects of Increasing Levels of Palm Kernel Oil in the Feed of Finishing Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040427. [PMID: 35203135 PMCID: PMC8868089 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Palm kernel oil (PKO) is extracted from an oleaginous seed fruit (Elaeis guineenses Jacq.) commonly cultivated in Brazil and can be used strategically as a ruminal fermentation modulator to improve animal performance. We conducted three experimental trials by increasing PKO levels in the diets of lambs. Although we observed low consumption of most nutrients, we also observed that feed conversion improved as the PKO inclusion level increased, indicating that the animals needed to consume less food to gain 1.0 kg of body weight. In addition, we observed that nutrient digestibility was not affected by the inclusion levels of PKO. We also did not observe differences in ruminal fermentation parameters but noted a reduction in the protozoan population. Therefore, we conclude that the inclusion of palm kernel oil may be beneficial to lambs and can lower the cost of feed in regions that contain an abundance of this byproduct. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of palm kernel oil (PKO) in a lamb diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters, and animal performance. Three experimental trials were conducted. The treatments consisted of varying levels of PKO included in the diet, with PKOzero = no PKO inclusion, PKO1.3 = 1.3% addition, PKO2.6 = 2.6% addition, PKO3.9 = 3.9% addition, and PKO5.2 = 5.2% addition, based on the total dry matter (DM) of the diet. With the inclusion of PKO in the diet, linear decreases in DM (p < 0.001), crude ash (p < 0.001), crude protein (CP) (p < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p < 0.001), nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) (p < 0.001), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) (p = 0.021) intake were observed, as was an increase in ether extract (EE) intake (p < 0.001). The digestibility coefficients of NDF and NFC were not affected by PKO addition to the diet. However, the digestibility of DM (p = 0.035), EE (p < 0.001), CP (p < 0.001), and TDNs (p < 0.001) increased when PKO was added to the lambs’ diet. Reductions in N intake (p < 0.001), fecal nitrogen excretion (p < 0.001), and microbial protein production (p < 0.001) were noted with increasing PKO levels. Serum cholesterol increased (p < 0.001) while serum GGT enzyme concentrations in the blood decreased (p = 0.048) with increasing PKO levels. PKO addition had no effect on total weight gain and average daily gain; however, feed conversion improved (p = 0.001) with increasing PKO levels. The intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and growth performance of lambs with PKO1.3 added to their diet were similar to animals that did not receive PKO, meaning that PKO could be an alternative energy source for growing lambs because it does not harm animal performance and can lower the cost of feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pionorio Vilaronga Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Jarbas Miguel da Silva Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Ederson Américo de Andrade
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Analívia Martins Barbosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Elzânia Sales Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60021970, CE, Brazil;
| | - Claudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
| | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil;
| | - Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170110, BA, Brazil; (D.P.V.C.); (P.R.S.P.); (J.M.d.S.J.); (G.F.V.J.); (E.A.d.A.); (A.M.B.); (C.V.D.M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Amirteymoori E, Khezri A, Dayani O, Mohammadabadi M, Khorasani S, Mousaie A, Kazemi-Bonchenari M. Effects of linseed processing method (ground versus extruded) and dietary crude protein content on performance, digestibility, ruminal fermentation pattern, and rumen protozoa population in growing lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1984324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amirteymoori
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amin Khezri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Dayani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Khorasani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Mousaie
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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Gouvêa VND, Biehl MV, Ferraz Junior MVDC, Moreira EM, Faleiro Neto JA, Westphalen MF, Oliveira GB, Ferreira EM, Polizel DM, Pires AV. Effects of soybean oil or various levels of whole cottonseed on intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal fermentation characteristics of finishing beef cattle. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yuste S, Amanzougarene Z, de la Fuente G, Fondevila M, de Vega A. Growth and bacterial dynamics of beef calves during transition from milk/pasture to a high-concentrate diet added with tannins or medium-chain fatty acids. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an21043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Rumen fermentation modulation with feed additives during the transition period to high-concentrate diets might help to avoid bacterial dysbiosis.
Aims
Assessing the effects of the addition of tannins and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) to the adaptation diet of beef calves to a high-concentrate ration on the rate of intake, animal performance and rumen bacterial composition.
Methods
Eighteen 7-month-old beef calves were abruptly weaned and transitioned over a 28-day period from a milk/grass regime to one of the following diets: a non-supplemented high-concentrate diet plus wheat straw, both given ad libitum (C); C plus 20 g/kg of a 65:35 chestnut and quebracho tannin extract; and C plus 6 g/kg of a commercial mixture of MCFA. Concentrate and straw rate of intake were recorded. Rumen fluid was collected on Days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 at 0, 3, 6 and 9 h after feeding to characterise rumen fermentation. Samples from 0 h were analysed to assess the bacterial population using Ion Torrent sequencing.
Key results
The rate of intake of concentrates and straw, as well as daily gains and final weights, were similar (P > 0.05) among diets. The addition of tannins or MCFA did not modify (P = 0.98) the rumen bacterial population, which was affected by sampling day (P < 0.001). The additives inclusion did not affect relative abundances of the main bacterial taxa (P < 0.05), most of them differing across days (P < 0.001). Diversity indexes (Shannon and richness) declined over sampling days (P < 0.05), although some genera emerged after concentrate inclusion.
Conclusions
At the doses used in the present experiment, tannins and MCFA did not exert any effect on intake, animal performance and bacterial population. Abrupt transition to high-concentrate diets modified the rumen environment and bacterial community, indicating bacterial adaptation to new environmental conditions.
Implications
Abrupt transition of 7-month-old calves from milk/pasture to a high-concentrate diet did not impair rumen microbiota or performance; therefore, the use of feed additives seems unnecessary.
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Shi L, Zhang Y, Wu L, Xun W, Liu Q, Cao T, Hou G, Zhou H. Moderate Coconut Oil Supplement Ameliorates Growth Performance and Ruminal Fermentation in Hainan Black Goat Kids. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:622259. [PMID: 33426036 PMCID: PMC7785786 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.622259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated amelioration effects of coconut oil (CO) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites in Hainan Black goat kids. Twenty-four Hainan Black goat kids (10 days of age) were assigned randomly to four treatments for 90 days, including pre-weaning (10-70 d of age) and post-weaning (70-100 d of age) days. The treatment regimens were control (CON), low CO (LCO), medium CO (MCO), and high CO (HCO) with 0, 4, 6, 8 g CO per goat per day, respectively. During the pre-weaning period, the average daily gain (ADG) linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05), whereas the average daily feed intake (ADFI) linearly decreased, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) also decreased linearly and quadratically by increasing CO supplementation (P < 0.05). During the post-weaning period, increasing CO supplementation linearly and quadratically increased the BW at 100 days and ADG (P < 0.05), but quadratically decreased the ADFI and FCR (P < 0.05). The digestibility of ether extract (EE) linearly and quadratically increased with increasing CO supplementation (P < 0.05). Supplementation of CO linearly increased ruminal pH (P < 0.05), but linearly decreased (P < 0.05) ammonia-N, total VFAs, molar proportions of acetate, ruminal microbial enzyme activity of carboxymethyl-cellulase, cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase and α-amylase, and number of total protozoa, the abundance of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, and Ruminobacter amylophilus. The estimated methane emission decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing CO addition (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and growth hormone (GH) linearly (P < 0.05) increased by raising the CO supplementation. The present results indicate that CO supplementation at 6 g/day per goats is optimum due to improved growth performance and decreased estimated methane emission. Supplementation CO up to 8 g/day depressed growth and feed conversion due to its suppression of growth performance, rumen protozoa, cellulolytic bacteria and microbial enzyme activity, and reduced ADF and ADF digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguang Shi
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lingli Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Wenjuan Xun
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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14
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Kandi M, Kazemi-Bonchenari M, HosseinYazdi M, Mirzaei M. Effects of Ca-salt of linseed oil supplementation and protein content in diet on performance, ruminal fermentation, microbial protein yield, and blood metabolites in young lambs. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Thirumalaisamy G, Malik PK, Kolte AP, Trivedi S, Dhali A, Bhatta R. Effect of silkworm ( Bombyx mori) pupae oil supplementation on enteric methane emission and methanogens diversity in sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:128-140. [PMID: 32573336 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1781147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to examine the effect of silkworm pupae oil on methane (CH4) emission and methanogens diversity. Five graded levels (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of silkworm pupae oil were tested in vitro. Eighteen Mandya adult sheep were divided into three groups. All the animals were fed on similar basal diet except the oil supplementation in test groups. Oil level for supplementation was decided on the basis of in vitro study. In vitro study indicated a reduction of 22% in CH4 production with 2% oil supplementation. Animals in test groups were supplemented with oil (2%) either daily (CON) or intermittently (INT) on every alternate week for all the seven days. A significant reduction of 17-20% in enteric CH4 emission (g/d) was achieved due to oil supplementation in sheep. However, No variation was established between test groups CON and INT. In present study, Methanobrevibacter was major genus contributed ∼90% of the total rumen methanogens; whilst Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii was the most abundant methanogens species. Abundance of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium was affected with the oil supplementation. It can be concluded that the silkworm pupae oil at 2% can decrease CH4 emission by 15-20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thirumalaisamy
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - P K Malik
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - A P Kolte
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - S Trivedi
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - A Dhali
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - R Bhatta
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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16
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Yanza YR, Szumacher-Strabel M, Jayanegara A, Kasenta AM, Gao M, Huang H, Patra AK, Warzych E, Cieślak A. The effects of dietary medium-chain fatty acids on ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation in vitro and in vivo: A meta-analysis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:874-889. [PMID: 32333621 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of methane (CH4 ) suppression using medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) remains inconclusive, despite a number of studies on this topic are available. We thus carried out a meta-analysis to integrate the published data on different concentrations and types of MCFA such as lauric acid and myristic acid, which investigated ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro MCFA sources were classified either as pure MCFA (lauric acid, myristic acid and their combinations) or as natural MCFA-rich oils (canola oil enriched with lauric acids, coconut oil, krabok oil and palm kernel oil). The MCFA sources used in the in vivo studies were coconut oil, lauric acid, myristic acid and the combination of lauric and myristic acids. A total of 41 studies (20 in vitro and 21 in vivo studies) were compiled in our database, which included the data on CH4 emission, digestibility, ruminal fermentation products and microbial populations. The results showed that the amount of CH4 production per unit of digested organic matter decreased linearly under in vitro conditions (p < .01) and tended to decrease quadratically under in vivo conditions (p < .07) with increasing doses of MCFA. Populations of protozoa (p < .01) in both in vitro and in vivo responded negatively in a linear manner, whereas Archaea population diminished quadratically (p = .04) only in the in vitro conditions with increasing doses of MCFA. Increasing dietary MCFA concentrations also reduced the fibre digestibility linearly (p < .05) in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. CH4 production for different sources of MCFA decreased in following order: coconut oil > lauric acid > myristic acid > mixed lauric and myristic acids > palm kernel oil > canola oil enriched with lauric acids > krabok oil. It can be concluded that the effect of MCFA on ruminal methanogenesis depends on the amount and type of MCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulianri Rizki Yanza
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Andre Meiditama Kasenta
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Livestock Production Program, Polytechnic Agriculture and Animal Science (MAPENA), Tuban, Indonesia
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Haihao Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, India
| | - Ewelina Warzych
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Cieślak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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17
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Kumari S, Fagodiya RK, Hiloidhari M, Dahiya RP, Kumar A. Methane production and estimation from livestock husbandry: A mechanistic understanding and emerging mitigation options. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136135. [PMID: 31927428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, livestock is an important contributor to methane (CH4) emissions. This paper reviewed the various CH4 measurement and estimation techniques and mitigation approaches for the livestock sector. Two approaches for enteric livestock CH4 emission estimation are the top-down and bottom-up. The combination of both could further improve our understanding of enteric CH4 emission and possible mitigation measures. We discuss three mitigation approaches: reducing emissions, avoiding emissions, and enhancing the removal of emissions from livestock. Dietary management, livestock management, and breeding management are viable reducing emissions pathways. Dietary manipulation is easily applicable and can bring an immediate response. Economic incentive policies can help the livestock farmers to opt for diet, breeding, and livestock management mitigation approaches. Carbon pricing creates a better option to achieve reduction targets in a given period. A combination of carbon pricing, feeding management, breeding management, and livestock management is more feasible and sustainable CH4 emissions mitigation strategy rather than a single approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Kumari
- Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110 016, India.
| | - R K Fagodiya
- Division of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR - Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, India
| | - Moonmoon Hiloidhari
- IDP in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai - 400 076, India
| | - R P Dahiya
- Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110 016, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Botany, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra - 282 005, India
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18
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McGeough E, Passetti L, Chung Y, Beauchemin K, McGinn S, Harstad O, Crow G, McAllister T. Methane emissions, feed intake, and total tract digestibility in lambs fed diets differing in fat content and fibre digestibility. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study determined enteric methane (CH4) emissions, intake, and apparent total tract digestibility of diets varying in fibre digestibility and fat content. A Latin square design with two levels of fat [2.0% and 6.0% dry matter (DM); low and high] and two levels of fibre digestibility [low fibre digestibility (LFbD) or high fibre digestibility (HFbD)] was used. Higher dry matter intake (DMI) was observed (P < 0.01) for LFbD versus HFbD diets (2.56 vs. 2.14 kg d−1, respectively), with no effect of fat. Fibre, DM, and organic matter digestibility were higher (P < 0.01) for HFbD than LFbD diets. Increasing fat did not affect intake or digestibility of DM or dietary constituents but there was a fibre digestibility × fat content interaction (P < 0.01) for fat digestibility. There was also a fat content × fibre digestibility interaction (P < 0.05) for CH4 (g kg−1 DMI, organic matter intake, neutral detergent fibre intake, and percent gross energy intake), with emissions being higher when fat was added to the HFbD than the LFbD diet. The CH4 emissions per kilogram of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digested were higher (P < 0.01) for the HFbD than the LFbD diet. Methane emissions were increased by the HFbD diet, but inclusion of fat had a differential impact on CH4 emissions as a proportion of DMI or NDF intake in diets differing in fibre digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.J. McGeough
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - L.C.G. Passetti
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Y.H. Chung
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - K.A. Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - S.M. McGinn
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - O.M. Harstad
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås NO-1432, Norway
| | - G. Crow
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - T.A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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19
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Yuste S, Amanzougarene Z, de la Fuente G, de Vega A, Fondevila M. Rumen protozoal dynamics during the transition from milk/grass to high-concentrate based diet in beef calves as affected by the addition of tannins or medium-chain fatty acids. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Lan W, Yang C. Ruminal methane production: Associated microorganisms and the potential of applying hydrogen-utilizing bacteria for mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:1270-1283. [PMID: 30841400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Methane emission from ruminants not only causes serious environmental problems, but also represents a significant source of energy loss to animals. The increasing demand for sustainable animal production is driving researchers to explore proper strategies to mitigate ruminal methanogenesis. Since hydrogen is the primary substrate of ruminal methanogenesis, hydrogen metabolism and its associated microbiome in the rumen may closely relate to low- and high-methane phenotypes. Using candidate microbes that can compete with methanogens and redirect hydrogen away from methanogenesis as ruminal methane mitigants are promising avenues for methane mitigation, which can both prevent the adverse effects deriving from chemical additives such as toxicity and resistance, and increase the retention of feed energy. This review describes the ruminal microbial ecosystem and its association with methane production, as well as the effects of interspecies hydrogen transfer on methanogenesis. It provides a scientific perspective on using bacteria that are involved in hydrogen utilization as ruminal modifiers to decrease methanogenesis. This information will be helpful in better understanding the key role of ruminal microbiomes and their relationship with methane production and, therefore, will form the basis of valuable and eco-friendly methane mitigation methods while improving animal productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lan
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, China.
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Zhang X, Medrano RF, Wang M, Beauchemin KA, Ma Z, Wang R, Wen J, Bernard LA, Tan Z. Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation, microbiota and methane emissions in goats. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:6. [PMID: 30680191 PMCID: PMC6343244 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urea pretreatment is an efficient strategy to improve fiber digestibility of low quality roughages for ruminants. Nitrate and oil are usually used to inhibit enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation to the diet on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, CH4 emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbiota in goats. Nine female goats were used in a triple 3 × 3 Latin Square design (27 d periods). The treatments were: control (untreated rice straw, no added corn oil), rice straw pretreated with urea and nitrate (34 and 4.7 g/kg of rice straw on a dry matter [DM] basis, respectively, UN), and UN diet supplemented with corn oil (15 g/kg soybean and 15 g/kg corn were replaced by 30 g/kg corn oil, DM basis, UNCO). Results Compared with control, UN increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (P < 0.001) and copies of protozoa (P < 0.001) and R. albus (P < 0.05) in the rumen, but decreased N retention (-21.2%, P < 0.001), dissolved hydrogen concentration (-22.8%, P < 0.001), molar proportion of butyrate (-18.2%, P < 0.05), (acetate + butyrate) to propionate ratio (P < 0.05) and enteric CH4 emissions (-10.2%, P < 0.05). In comparison with UN, UNCO increased N retention (+34.9%, P < 0.001) and decreased copies of protozoa (P < 0.001) and methanogens (P < 0.001). Compared with control, UNCO increased NDF digestibility (+8.3%, P < 0.001), reduced ruminal dissolved CH4 concentration (-24.4%, P < 0.001) and enteric CH4 emissions (-12.6%, P < 0.05). Conclusions A combination of rice straw pretreated with urea plus nitrate and corn oil supplementation of the diet improved fiber digestibility and lowered enteric CH4 emissions without negative effects on N retention. These strategies improved the utilization of rice straw by goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China.,2University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Rodolfo F Medrano
- 3College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, 3120 Nueva Ecija, Philippines.,4College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1 Canada
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China.,2University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Rong Wang
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China.,4College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Wen
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China.,4College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 People's Republic of China
| | - Lukuyu A Bernard
- 6International livestock Research Institute, POB 30709, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
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22
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Kim SH, Mamuad LL, Choi YJ, Sung HG, Cho KK, Lee SS. Effects of reductive acetogenic bacteria and lauric acid on in vivo ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, and methane mitigation in Hanwoo steers in South Korea. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:4360-4367. [PMID: 30060161 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal science nutrition studies are increasingly focusing on finding solutions to reduce methane (CH4) emissions. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of reductive acetogenic bacteria [acetogen probiotics (AP)] and lauric acid (LA) on in vivo rumen fermentation and microbial populations in Hanwoo steers. Four cannulated Hanwoo steers (392 ± 14 kg) were analyzed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and were placed in hood-type chambers. They were fed similar amounts of concentrate and rice straw within and experimental design as follows: control (Con; 40 g DM basal feed, nonaddition of AP or LA), T1 = LA (40 g DM basal feed mixed with 40 g LA), T2 = AP (40 g DM basal feed, fermented with AP), and T3 = LA + AP (40 g DM basal feed, fermented with AP and mixed with 40 g LA). The animals were acclimatized to the diet for 15 d, followed by 6 d of the experimental period. Rumen fluid samples for metabolite and molecular analyses were collected 6 h after the morning feeding, with 2-h collection intervals. The enteric CH4 production was monitored on the last 2 d of the experimental period. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids increased with the increase in time after feeding. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were observed to be higher in the treatments than in Con. The addition of LA and AP reduced CH4 emission compared with that of Con (P < 0.01). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results revealed no correlation between the LA and Con groups, but AP showed a correlation with LA and Con. Reduction in the number of protozoa which was accompanied by a decrease, because methanogens live symbiotically with protozoa. Supplementation of AP or LA alone and in combination decreased (P < 0.05) the methanogen population, whereas supplementation of LA alone significantly increased (P < 0.05) Ruminococcus flavefaciens and slightly increased total fungi. Thus, dietary supplementation of LA and AP has inhibitory effects on CH4 production in Hanwoo cattle. If the effects of this method can be maintained, reductive acetogens could become an important part of strategies to lower ruminant CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, South Korea.,Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Ha Guyn Sung
- Department of Animal Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Chinju, South Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
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23
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Sarker NC, Keomanivong F, Borhan M, Rahman S, Swanson K. In vitro evaluation of nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on mitigation of gaseous emissions. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 60:27. [PMID: 30455973 PMCID: PMC6225618 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-018-0185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric methane (CH4) accounts for about 70% of total CH4 emissions from the ruminant animals. Researchers are exploring ways to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants. Recently, nano zinc oxide (nZnO) has shown potential in reducing CH4 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production from the liquid manure under anaerobic storage conditions. Four different levels of nZnO and two types of feed were mixed with rumen fluid to investigate the efficacy of nZnO in mitigating gaseous production. METHODS All experiments with four replicates were conducted in batches in 250 mL glass bottles paired with the ANKOMRF wireless gas production monitoring system. Gas production was monitored continuously for 72 h at a constant temperature of 39 ± 1 °C in a water bath. Headspace gas samples were collected using gas-tight syringes from the Tedlar bags connected to the glass bottles and analyzed for greenhouse gases (CH4 and carbon dioxide-CO2) and H2S concentrations. CH4 and CO2 gas concentrations were analyzed using an SRI-8610 Gas Chromatograph and H2S concentrations were measured using a Jerome 631X meter. At the same time, substrate (i.e. mixed rumen fluid+ NP treatment+ feed composite) samples were collected from the glass bottles at the beginning and at the end of an experiment for bacterial counts, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) analysis. RESULTS Compared to the control treatment the H2S and GHGs concentration reduction after 72 h of the tested nZnO levels varied between 4.89 to 53.65%. Additionally, 0.47 to 22.21% microbial population reduction was observed from the applied nZnO treatments. Application of nZnO at a rate of 1000 μg g- 1 have exhibited the highest amount of concentration reductions for all three gases and microbial population. CONCLUSION Results suggest that both 500 and 1000 μg g- 1 nZnO application levels have the potential to reduce GHG and H2S concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Chandra Sarker
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Faithe Keomanivong
- Animal Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Md. Borhan
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
| | - Kendall Swanson
- Animal Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108 USA
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Niu M, Kebreab E, Hristov AN, Oh J, Arndt C, Bannink A, Bayat AR, Brito AF, Boland T, Casper D, Crompton LA, Dijkstra J, Eugène MA, Garnsworthy PC, Haque MN, Hellwing ALF, Huhtanen P, Kreuzer M, Kuhla B, Lund P, Madsen J, Martin C, McClelland SC, McGee M, Moate PJ, Muetzel S, Muñoz C, O'Kiely P, Peiren N, Reynolds CK, Schwarm A, Shingfield KJ, Storlien TM, Weisbjerg MR, Yáñez‐Ruiz DR, Yu Z. Prediction of enteric methane production, yield, and intensity in dairy cattle using an intercontinental database. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3368-3389. [PMID: 29450980 PMCID: PMC6055644 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Enteric methane (CH4 ) production from cattle contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. Measurement of enteric CH4 is complex, expensive, and impractical at large scales; therefore, models are commonly used to predict CH4 production. However, building robust prediction models requires extensive data from animals under different management systems worldwide. The objectives of this study were to (1) collate a global database of enteric CH4 production from individual lactating dairy cattle; (2) determine the availability of key variables for predicting enteric CH4 production (g/day per cow), yield [g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)], and intensity (g/kg energy corrected milk) and their respective relationships; (3) develop intercontinental and regional models and cross-validate their performance; and (4) assess the trade-off between availability of on-farm inputs and CH4 prediction accuracy. The intercontinental database covered Europe (EU), the United States (US), and Australia (AU). A sequential approach was taken by incrementally adding key variables to develop models with increasing complexity. Methane emissions were predicted by fitting linear mixed models. Within model categories, an intercontinental model with the most available independent variables performed best with root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) as a percentage of mean observed value of 16.6%, 14.7%, and 19.8% for intercontinental, EU, and United States regions, respectively. Less complex models requiring only DMI had predictive ability comparable to complex models. Enteric CH4 production, yield, and intensity prediction models developed on an intercontinental basis had similar performance across regions, however, intercepts and slopes were different with implications for prediction. Revised CH4 emission conversion factors for specific regions are required to improve CH4 production estimates in national inventories. In conclusion, information on DMI is required for good prediction, and other factors such as dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration, improve the prediction. For enteric CH4 yield and intensity prediction, information on milk yield and composition is required for better estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutian Niu
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Alexander N. Hristov
- Department of Animal ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Joonpyo Oh
- Department of Animal ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | | | - André Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock ResearchWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ali R. Bayat
- Milk Production Solutions, Green TechnologyNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)JokioinenFinland
| | - André F. Brito
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food SystemsUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | - Tommy Boland
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinBelfield, Dublin 4Ireland
| | | | - Les A. Crompton
- School of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Jan Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Maguy A. Eugène
- UMR Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont AuvergneSaint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | | | - Md Najmul Haque
- Department of Large Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Pekka Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Science for Northern SwedenSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH ZurichInstitute of Agricultural SciencesZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bjoern Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional PhysiologyLeibniz Institute for Farm Animal BiologyDummerstorfMecklenburg‐VorpommernGermany
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal ScienceAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
| | - Jørgen Madsen
- Department of Large Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Cécile Martin
- UMR Herbivores, INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont AuvergneSaint‐Genès‐ChampanelleFrance
| | | | - Mark McGee
- Teagasc, Agriculture and Food Development AuthorityCarlowIreland
| | - Peter J. Moate
- Agriculture Research DivisionDepartment of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and ResourcesMelbourneVic.Australia
| | | | - Camila Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA RemehueOsornoChile
| | - Padraig O'Kiely
- Teagasc, Agriculture and Food Development AuthorityCarlowIreland
| | - Nico Peiren
- Animal Sciences DepartmentFlanders Research Institute for AgricultureFisheries and FoodMelleBelgium
| | | | - Angela Schwarm
- ETH ZurichInstitute of Agricultural SciencesZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kevin J. Shingfield
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Tonje M. Storlien
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural SciencesNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | | | | | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
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Lamp O, Reyer H, Otten W, Nürnberg G, Derno M, Wimmers K, Metges CC, Kuhla B. Intravenous lipid infusion affects dry matter intake, methane yield, and rumen bacteria structure in late-lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6032-6046. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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BHATT RS, SAHOO A, SANKHYAN SK, MEENA MC. Growth performance and economics of pre-weaner lambs fed gelatinized and non-gelatinized milk replacer. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i2.79341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Influence of milk replacer feeding to lambs was assessed on pre-weaning growth and nutrient utilization. Seven day old Malpura lambs (45) were divided into three groups of fifteen lambs in each group and were fed ad lib. creep mixture and roughage (C-0; Control) along with free suckling of dam. Unlike control (C-0), the lambs in two treatment groups were additionally fed with gelatinized (MR-G) and non-gelatinized (MR-Ng) milk replacer with limited suckling from their dam, which were manually milked once in the afternoon (4.00 PM). The MR was fed at 100 ml/lamb/day for first fifteen days and thereafter at 250 ml/lamb/day. The experimental feeding including a digestibility trial was continued until weaning at 3 months of age. Weaning weight, total gain and ADG was higher in MR-G compared to MR-Ng and control and there was 15.25% improvement in MR-G than the control. A lower value of FCR indicated 10.5% improvement in MR-G than the control. The plane of nutrition and digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, hemicellulose was similar in all the three groups. The total milk collected/ewe in MR-G and MR-Ng group was 9.0 kg each that fetched rs. 360 and it reduced the production cost to rs. 51.0 in MR-G, 53.1 in MRNg compared to rs. 68.1 in C-0. One time milking of ewes and replenishment with additional milk replacer to lambs promises higher gain and introduction of the gelatinization procedure ensures further improvement in FCR and ease in delivery to lambs.
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Zhou X, Stevens MJA, Neuenschwander S, Schwarm A, Kreuzer M, Bratus-Neuenschwander A, Zeitz JO. The transcriptome response of the ruminal methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium strain M1 to the inhibitor lauric acid. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:135. [PMID: 29454387 PMCID: PMC5816558 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Lauric acid (C12) is a medium-chain fatty acid that inhibits growth and production of the greenhouse gas methane by rumen methanogens such as Methanobrevibacter ruminantium. To understand the inhibitory mechanism of C12, a transcriptome analysis was performed in M. ruminantium strain M1 (DSM 1093) using RNA-Seq. Results Pure cell cultures in the exponential growth phase were treated with 0.4 mg/ml C12, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), for 1 h and transcriptomic changes were compared to DMSO-only treated cells (final DMSO concentration 0.2%). Exposure to C12 resulted in differential expression of 163 of the 2280 genes in the M1 genome (maximum log2-fold change 6.6). Remarkably, C12 hardly affected the expression of genes involved in methanogenesis. Instead, most affected genes encode cell-surface associated proteins (adhesion-like proteins, membrane-associated transporters and hydrogenases), and proteins involved in detoxification or DNA-repair processes. Enrichment analysis on the genes regulated in the C12-treated group showed a significant enrichment for categories ‘cell surface’ and ‘mobile elements’ (activated by C12), and for the categories ‘regulation’ and ‘protein fate’ (represssed). These results are useful to generate and test specific hypotheses on the mechanism how C12 affects rumen methanogens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3242-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J A Stevens
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Food Hygiene and Safety, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Neuenschwander
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 1, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Schwarm
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Bratus-Neuenschwander
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 1, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna O Zeitz
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Li E, Lv Z, Liu H, Liu L, Li Y, Li Z, Wang F, Li D, Zhang S. Determination of net energy content of soybean oil fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:149-157. [PMID: 28914474 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this experiment were: (i) to determine the net energy (NE) of soybean oil (SBO) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry (IC); and (ii) to evaluate the effects of inclusion rate of SBO on heat production, oxidative status and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Eighteen growing barrows were allotted to three diets based on completely randomized design with six replicate pigs (period) per diet. Diets included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two test diets containing 5% or 10% SBO at the expense of corn and soybean meal. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 14 days, including 7 days to adapt to feed, metabolism crate and environmental conditions. On day 8, pigs were transferred to the open-circuit respiration chambers for measurement of daily O2 consumption and CO2 and CH4 production. During this time, pigs were fed one of the three diets at 2.4 MJ metabolizable energy/kg body weight (BW)0.6 /day. Total feces and urine were collected and daily total heat production (THP) was measured from days 9 to 13 and fasted on day 14 to evaluate their fasting heat production (FHP). The results show that trends of decreased apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (linear, P = 0.09) and acid detergent fiber (linear, P = 0.07) were observed as the content of dietary lipids increased. The average THP for the three diets were 1326, 1208 and 1193 kJ/kg BW0.6 /day, respectively. The FHP of pigs averaged 843 kJ/kg BW0.6 /day and was not affected by diet characteristics. A reduction of the respiratory quotients in the fed state as the inclusion level of SBO increased was observed. In conclusion, the NE values of SBO we determined by indirect calorimetry were 33.45 and 34.05 MJ/kg dry matter under two inclusion levels. THP could be largely reduced when SBO is added in the feed, but the THP of SBO included at 5% in a corn-soybean meal diet is not different from the THP of SBO included at 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Defa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wang S, Kreuzer M, Braun U, Schwarm A. Effect of unconventional oilseeds (safflower, poppy, hemp, camelina) on in vitro ruminal methane production and fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3864-3870. [PMID: 28188639 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with oilseeds can reduce methane emission in ruminants, but only a few common seeds have been tested so far. This study tested safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), poppy (Papaver somniferum), hemp (Cannabis sativa), and camelina (Camelina sativa) seeds in vitro using coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) as positive controls. RESULTS All the tested oilseeds suppressed methane yield (mL g-1 dry matter, up to 21%) compared to the non-supplemented control when provided at 70 g oil kg-1 dry matter, and they were as effective as coconut oil. Safflower and hemp were more effective than linseed (21% and 18% vs. 10%), whereas the effects of poppy and camelina were similar to linseed. When methane was related to digestible organic matter, only hemp and safflower seeds and coconut oil were effective compared to the non-supplemented control (up to 11%). The level of methanogenesis and the ratios of either the n-6:n-3 fatty acids or C18:2 :C18:3 in the seed lipids were not related. CONCLUSION Unconventional oilseeds widen the spectrum of oilseeds that can be used in dietary methane mitigation. In vivo confirmation of their methane mitigating effect is still needed, and their effects on animal performance still must be determined. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopu Wang
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Braun
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Clinic for Ruminants, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Schwarm
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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Effects of coconut oil on glycemia, inflammation, and urogenital microbial parameters in female Ossabaw mini-pigs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179542. [PMID: 28704429 PMCID: PMC5509134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty percent of American women are obese and at risk for type II diabetes, impaired immune function, and altered microbiome diversity, thus impacting overall health. We investigated whether obesity induced by an excess calorie, high fat diet containing hydrogenated fats, fructose, and coconut oil (HFD) altered glucose homeostasis, peripheral immunity, and urogenital microbial dynamics. We hypothesized that HFD would cause hyperglycemia, increase peripheral inflammation, and alter urogenital microbiota to favor bacterial taxonomy associated with inflammation. We utilized female Ossabaw mini-pigs to model a ‘thrifty’ metabolic phenotype associated with increased white adipose tissue mass. Pigs were fed HFD (~4570 kcal/pig/day) or lean (~2000 kcal/pig/day) diet for a total of 9 estrous cycles (~6 months). To determine the effect of cycle stage on cytokines and the microbiome, animals had samples collected during cycles 7 and 9 on certain days of the cycle: D1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 18. Vaginal swabs or cervical flushes assessed urogenital microbiota. Systemic fatty acids, insulin, glucose, and cytokines were analyzed. Pig weights and morphometric measurements were taken weekly. Obese pigs had increased body weight, length, heart and belly girth but similar glucose concentrations. Obese pigs had decreased cytokine levels (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10), arachidonic acid and plasma insulin, but increased levels of vaccenic acid. Obese pigs had greater urogenital bacterial diversity, including several taxa known for anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, induction of obesity did not induce inflammation but shifted the microbial communities within the urogenital tract to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We postulate that the coconut oil in the HFD oil may have supported normal glucose homeostasis and modulated the immune response, possibly through regulation of microbial community dynamics and fatty acid metabolism. This animal model holds promise for the study of how different types of obesity and high fat diets may affect metabolism, immune phenotype, and microbial dynamics.
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Félix-Bernal JA, Estrada-Angulo A, Angulo-Escalante MA, Castro-Pérez BI, Landeros-López H, López-Soto MA, Barreras A, Zinn RA, Plascencia A. Feeding value of supplemental curcas crude oil in finishing diets for feedlot lambs. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3875-3882. [PMID: 27898912 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the feeding value of a mechanically extracted nontoxic variety of oil (JCO) as source of energy for feedlot lambs. Twenty Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs were individually fed a dry-rolled-corn-based finishing diet supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, or 6% JCO (diet dry matter basis). Supplemental JCO replaced dry rolled corn in the basal diet. Fatty acid composition of JCO was C16:0, 14.0%; C18:0, 8.2%; C18:1, 26.0%; C18:2, 50.3%, and C18:3, 0.4%. Daily intakes of JCO averaged 24.7, 51.1, and 77.3 g/day or 0.57, 1.08, and 1.62 g/kg LW for the 2%, 4%, and 6% levels of supplementation, respectively. Supplemental JCO did not affect ( = 0.33) dry matter intake (DMI), but tended to increase (linear effect, = 0.06) average daily gain, efficiency of gain (linear effect, < 0.01), and dietary net energy (linear effect, < 0.01) and decreased (linear effect, < 0.01) the ratio of observed/expected DMI. At low levels (20 g/kg diet dry matter) of supplementation, the net energy (NE) value of JCO corresponds closely (0.99) to the NE value assigned by current standards (), and this NE value decreased linearly as the inclusion level of JCO increased. There were not treatment effects on plasma metabolites. Across treatments, the concentrations of hemoglobin (11.64 ± 1.08 g/dL), hematocrit (39.15 ± 3.67%), glucose (85.2 ± 17.64 mg/dL), creatinine (1.43 ± 0.28 mg/dL), and urea (20.70 ± 4.35 mg/dL) were within normal (9-15 g/dL, 27%-40%, 50-90 mg/dL, 1.0-1.8 mg/dL, and 15-50 mg/dL, for hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, creatinine, and urea, respectively) ranges for healthy lambs. Based on DMI, performance and plasma metabolites observed in this study, nontoxic JCO is a suitable source of energy in finishing diets for lambs.
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Mata e Silva BC, Lopes FCF, Pereira LGR, Tomich TR, Morenz MJF, Martins CE, Gomide CAM, Paciullo DSC, Maurício RM, Chaves AV. Effect of sunflower oil supplementation on methane emissions of dairy cows grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. marandu. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an16470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sunflower oil supplementation on methane (CH4) emission of crossbred Holstein × Gyr (Bos indicus) dairy cows grazing tropical pasture. Lactating dairy cows were fed Urochloa brizantha (syn Brachiaria brizantha) pasture managed under rotational grazing. Sunflower oil was supplemented to cows using concentrates with inclusion at 0% or 14.9% (DM basis). Crude fat concentrations in these concentrates were 2.4% and 13.8% respectively (DM basis). Dietary fat concentrations for control and supplemented sunflower oil treatments were 3.2% and 5.2% (DM basis) respectively. Sixteen lactating cows Holstein × Gyr (Bos indicus; 240 ± 10 days in milk, 524 ± 57 kg of bodyweight, 11.2 ± 2.30 kg/day of milk) were used in the study. Methane emissions were estimated by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. The experiment was a randomised-block design with two repetitions of pasture area, with two treatments (0 g or 383 g of sunflower oil supplementation, DM basis) and four replications (cows) per treatment per block. Methane emission and yield expressed as g CH4/day and g CH4/kg of DM intake decreased 21.5% (P = 0.048) and 20.2% (P = 0.032) respectively, in cows supplemented with sunflower oil compared with unsupplemented cows. There was no effect (P = 0.29) of sunflower oil supplementation on CH4 expressed as g CH4/kg of milk. Lactating dairy cows grazing tropical-grass pasture supplemented with sunflower oil (5.3% dietary fat; 383 g oil/day) demonstrated potential for mitigating CH4 emissions without negatively affecting cow milk yield or composition.
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Wang J, Liu M, Wu Y, Wang L, Liu J, Jiang L, Yu Z. Medicinal herbs as a potential strategy to decrease methane production by rumen microbiota: a systematic evaluation with a focus on Perilla frutescens seed extract. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9757-9771. [PMID: 27660180 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitigation of the methane (CH4) emission from ruminants is needed to decrease the environmental impact of ruminant animal production. Different plant materials and chemicals have been tested, but few are both effective and practical. Medicinal herbs contain biological compounds and antimicrobials that may be effective in lowering the CH4 production. However, few studies have systematically evaluated medicinal herbs for their effect on CH4 production or on the rumen microbiota. In this study, extracts from 100 medicinal herbs were assessed for their ability to decrease CH4 production by rumen microbiota in vitro. The extracts of 12 herbs effectively lowered the CH4 production, with the extract of Perilla frutescens seeds being the most effective. The major components of P. frutescens seed extract were identified, and the effects of the extract on the fermentation characteristics and populations of rumen methanogens, fungi, protozoa, and select bacteria were also assessed. The decreased CH4 production induced by the P. frutescens seed extract was accompanied by an increased abundance of Ruminobacter, Selenomonas, Succinivibrio, Shuttleworthis, Pseudobutyrivbrio, Anaerovibrio, and Roseomonas and a decreased abundance of Methanobrevibacter millerae. The abundance of Pedobacter, Anaeroplasma, Paludibacter, Ruminococcus, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae was positively correlated with the CH4 production, with no effects on volatile fatty acids. This study suggests that medicinal herbs may be used to mitigate the CH4 emission from ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Wang
- IMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mei Liu
- IMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelei Wu
- IMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- IMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- IMoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Nguyen SH, Hegarty RS. Effects of defaunation and dietary coconut oil distillate on fermentation, digesta kinetics and methane production of Brahman heifers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:984-993. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Nguyen
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
- National Institute of Animal Sciences; Thuy Phuong Tu Liem Hanoi Vietnam
| | - R. S. Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
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35
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Martin C, Ferlay A, Mosoni P, Rochette Y, Chilliard Y, Doreau M. Increasing linseed supply in dairy cow diets based on hay or corn silage: Effect on enteric methane emission, rumen microbial fermentation, and digestion. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3445-3456. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Webster TM, Smith AL, Reddy RR, Pinto AJ, Hayes KF, Raskin L. Anaerobic microbial community response to methanogenic inhibitors 2-bromoethanesulfonate and propynoic acid. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:537-50. [PMID: 26987552 PMCID: PMC4985588 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanogenic inhibitors are often used to study methanogenesis in complex microbial communities or inhibit methanogens in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock. However, the resulting structural and functional changes in archaeal and bacterial communities are poorly understood. We characterized microbial community structure and activity in mesocosms seeded with cow dung and municipal wastewater treatment plant anaerobic digester sludge after exposure to two methanogenic inhibitors, 2‐bromoethanesulfonate (BES) and propynoic acid (PA). Methane production was reduced by 89% (0.5 mmol/L BES), 100% (10 mmol/LBES), 24% (0.1 mmol/LPA), and 95% (10 mmol/LPA). Using modified primers targeting the methyl‐coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) gene, changes in mcrA gene expression were found to correspond with changes in methane production and the relative activity of methanogens. Methanogenic activity was determined by the relative abundance of methanogen 16S rRNA cDNA as a percentage of the total community 16S rRNA cDNA. Overall, methanogenic activity was lower when mesocosms were exposed to higher concentrations of both inhibitors, and aceticlastic methanogens were inhibited to a greater extent than hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Syntrophic bacterial activity, measured by 16S rRNA cDNA, was also reduced following exposure to both inhibitors, but the overall structure of the active bacterial community was not significantly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Webster
- Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adam L Smith
- Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Raghav R Reddy
- Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ameet J Pinto
- Infrastructure and Environment Research Division, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kim F Hayes
- Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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37
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Aemiro A, Watanabe S, Suzuki K, Hanada M, Umetsu K, Nishida T. Effects of Euglena (Euglena gracilis) supplemented to diet (forage: concentrate ratios of 60:40) on the basic ruminal fermentation and methane emissions in in vitro condition. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Caetano M, Wilkes MJ, Pitchford WS, Lee SJ, Hynd PI. Efficacy of methane-reducing supplements in beef cattle rations. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of including a pellet containing feed components targeted at methane-producing microbes and methane-producing biochemical pathways, into the ration of beef cattle in southern Australia. The so-called ‘methane-reducing supplement’ (MRS) components were chosen from readily available and inexpensive sources to ensure high adoption of the practice if successful. The effect of the pellet on animal performance, diet DM digestibility and gas emissions (measured using an open-circuit gas quantification system) of beef cattle in comparison with animals fed a control diet or high-quality supplement (HQS) was evaluated. In the first trial, there were no differences in DM and digestible energy (DE) intake, but the methane emission in g/day, g/MJ of DE intake (P < 0.01), and in g/kg of DM intake (P = 0.01) were lower for steers fed MRS. There was also a trend to lower carbon dioxide emission (g/MJ of DE intake) in steers fed MRS (P = 0.07). In the second trial, heifers fed the MRS produced 18.7% less carbon dioxide (P < 0.01) and 15.5% less methane (P = 0.01) than heifers on the HQS supplement, when expressed in g per unit supplement intake on a bodyweight basis. There was no difference in growth rate of heifers on the HQS and MRS supplements. Combining methane-inhibiting feedstuffs derived from agro-industrial by-products into supplements for cattle in southern Australia appears to be an effective means of reducing methane output and methane intensity from grazing beef cattle.
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39
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Liu H, Xiong B, Li K, Zhou D, Lv M, Zhao J. Effects of Suaeda glauca crushed seed on rumen microbial populations, ruminal fermentation, methane emission, and growth performance in Ujumqin lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Santos AD, Magalhães D, Azevedo R, Vieira I, França D, Geraseev L, Duarte E. Efeito da inclusão da torta de macaúba na população de protozoários do rúmen de vacas leiteiras. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliaram-se os efeitos da inclusão da torta de macaúba (TM) na dieta sobre a concentração e o perfil da população de protozoários ciliados do rúmen. Foram utilizadas oito vacas Holandesas, dispostas em dois quadrados latinos 4x4 e alimentadas com diferentes níveis de inclusão da TM (0, 100, 200 e 300g kg-1 de matéria seca na dieta total). Para quantificação e identificação dos protozoários, amostras de 1mL do líquido ruminal de cada animal foram diluídas em 9mL de solução de formaldeído a 10%. Após diluições decimais sucessivas em solução salina, os protozoários foram quantificados em câmara de Sedgewick. A identificação foi realizada sob a luz da microscopia óptica, utilizando-se a objetiva de 40x para caracterizar o mínimo de 100 indivíduos por amostra. As concentrações de protozoários pequenos (P<0,01), médios (P=0,05), grandes (P=0,01) e o número total (P<0,01) apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente com o aumento dos níveis de inclusão da TM nas dietas. Foram encontradas características morfológicas típicas de 16 gêneros de protozoários ciliados, sendo os gêneros Entodinium e Eodinium os mais frequentes no líquido ruminal dos animais avaliados. O perfil da população de protozoários ciliados sofreu pequenas alterações com a inclusão da TM, sendo observada alteração na participação percentual dos gêneros Charonina (P = 0,03) e Polyplastron (P<0,01). A utilização da TM na dieta de bovinos promove redução na concentração e modificação no perfil da população de protozoários ciliados do rúmen.
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41
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Positive consequences of maternal diet and post-natal rumen inoculation on rumen function and animal performance of Merino lambs. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Zhang Y, Liu Q, Wang C, Pei C, Li H, Wang Y, Yang W, Bai Y, Shi Z, Liu X. Effects of supplementation of Simmental steers with 2-methylbutyrate on rumen microflora, enzyme activities and methane production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Haque M, Roggenbuck M, Khanal P, Nielsen M, Madsen J. Development of methane emission from lambs fed milk replacer and cream for a prolonged period. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Kim ET, Park CG, Lim DH, Kwon EG, Ki KS, Kim SB, Moon YH, Shin NH, Lee SS. Effects of Coconut Materials on In vitro Ruminal Methanogenesis and Fermentation Characteristics. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1721-5. [PMID: 25358365 PMCID: PMC4213683 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of coconut materials on ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics, in particular their effectiveness for mitigating ruminal methanogenesis. Fistulated Holstein cows were used as the donor of rumen fluid. Coconut materials were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with rumen fluid-buffer mixture and timothy substrate for 24 h incubation. Total gas production, gas profiles, total volatile fatty acids (tVFAs) and the ruminal methanogens diversity were measured. Although gas profiles in added coconut oil and coconut powder were not significantly different, in vitro ruminal methane production was decreased with the level of reduction between 15% and 19% as compared to control, respectively. Coconut oil and coconut powder also inhibited gas production. The tVFAs concentration was increased by coconut materials, but was not affected significantly as compared to control. Acetate concentration was significantly lower (p<0.05), while propionate was significantly higher (p<0.05) by addition of the coconut materials than that of the control. The acetate:propionate ratio was significantly lowered with addition of coconut oil and coconut powder (p<0.05). The methanogens and ciliate-associated methanogens in all added coconut materials were shown to decrease as compared with control. This study showed that ciliate-associated methanogens diversity was reduced by more than 50% in both coconut oil and coconut powder treatments. In conclusion, these results indicate that coconut powder is a potential agent for decreasing in vitro ruminal methane production and as effective as coconut oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Kim
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - C G Park
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - D H Lim
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - E G Kwon
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - K S Ki
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - S B Kim
- Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-550, Korea
| | - Y H Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - N H Shin
- Gyengsangnamdo Livestock Veterinary Research Institute, Sancheong 666-962, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju 660-701, Korea
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45
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Bhatt RS, Karim SA, Sahoo A, Shinde AK. Growth performance of lambs fed diet supplemented with rice bran oil as such or as calcium soap. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:812-9. [PMID: 25049854 PMCID: PMC4093241 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Forty two Malpura lambs (21 d old) were divided into three groups of 14 each consisting of 8 females and 6 males. Lambs were allowed to suckle their respective dams twice daily up to weaning (13 wks) and offered free choice concentrate and roughage in a cafeteria system. The lambs in control group were fed conventional concentrate mixture, in RBO group concentrate mixture fortified with 4% industrial grade rice bran oil and in Ca-soap rice bran oil (as in RBO group) was supplemented in the form of calcium soap. The concentrate intake decreased(p≤0.05) in RBO group as a result total dry matter, crude protein and metabolizable energy intake decreased compared to control whereas Ca-soap prepared from the same rice bran oil stimulated the concentrate intake leading to higher total dry matter, crude protein and energy intakes. The digestibility of dry matter (p≤0.05), organic matter (p≤0.05) and crude protein (p≤0.05) was higher in RBO group followed by Ca-soap and control whereas no effect was observed for ether extract digestibility. Higher cholesterol (p≤0.05) content was recorded in serum of oil supplemented groups (RBO and Ca-soap) while no effect was recorded for other blood parameters. Rice bran oil as such adversely affected and reduced the body weight gain (p≤0.001) of lambs in comparison to control whereas the Ca-soap of rice bran oil improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in lambs. Fat supplementation decreased total volatile fatty acids (p≤0.05) and individual volatile fatty acid concentration which increased at 4 h post feeding. Fat supplementation also reduced (p≤0.05) total protozoa count. Ca-soap of rice bran oil improved pre slaughter weight (p≤0.05) and hot carcass weight (p≤0.05). It is concluded from the study that rice bran oil in the form of calcium soap at 40 g/kg of concentrate improved growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality as compared to rice bran oil as such and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Bhatt
- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501, Rajasthan, India
| | - S A Karim
- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501, Rajasthan, India
| | - A Sahoo
- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501, Rajasthan, India
| | - A K Shinde
- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501, Rajasthan, India
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46
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Knapp JR, Laur GL, Vadas PA, Weiss WP, Tricarico JM. Invited review: Enteric methane in dairy cattle production: quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3231-61. [PMID: 24746124 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many opportunities exist to reduce enteric methane (CH4) and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of product from ruminant livestock. Research over the past century in genetics, animal health, microbiology, nutrition, and physiology has led to improvements in dairy production where intensively managed farms have GHG emissions as low as 1 kg of CO2 equivalents (CO2e)/kg of energy-corrected milk (ECM), compared with >7 kg of CO2 e/kg of ECM in extensive systems. The objectives of this review are to evaluate options that have been demonstrated to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions per unit of ECM (CH4/ECM) from dairy cattle on a quantitative basis and in a sustained manner and to integrate approaches in genetics, feeding and nutrition, physiology, and health to emphasize why herd productivity, not individual animal productivity, is important to environmental sustainability. A nutrition model based on carbohydrate digestion was used to evaluate the effect of feeding and nutrition strategies on CH4/ECM, and a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of lipid supplementation on CH4/ECM. A second model combining herd structure dynamics and production level was used to estimate the effect of genetic and management strategies that increase milk yield and reduce culling on CH4/ECM. Some of these approaches discussed require further research, but many could be implemented now. Past efforts in CH4 mitigation have largely focused on identifying and evaluating CH4 mitigation approaches based on nutrition, feeding, and modifications of rumen function. Nutrition and feeding approaches may be able to reduce CH4/ECM by 2.5 to 15%, whereas rumen modifiers have had very little success in terms of sustained CH4 reductions without compromising milk production. More significant reductions of 15 to 30% CH4/ECM can be achieved by combinations of genetic and management approaches, including improvements in heat abatement, disease and fertility management, performance-enhancing technologies, and facility design to increase feed efficiency and life-time productivity of individual animals and herds. Many of the approaches discussed are only partially additive, and all approaches to reducing enteric CH4 emissions should consider the economic impacts on farm profitability and the relationships between enteric CH4 and other GHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Knapp
- Fox Hollow Consulting LLC, Columbus, OH 43201.
| | - G L Laur
- Gwinn-Sawyer Veterinary Clinic, Gwinn, MI 49841
| | - P A Vadas
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706
| | - W P Weiss
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691
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A meta-analysis of the effect of dietary fat on enteric methane production, digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep, and a comparison of these responses between cattle and sheep. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Fiorentini G, Carvalho IPC, Messana JD, Castagnino PS, Berndt A, Canesin RC, Frighetto RTS, Berchielli TT. Effect of lipid sources with different fatty acid profiles on the intake, performance, and methane emissions of feedlot Nellore steers. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:1613-20. [PMID: 24492580 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lipids with different fatty acid profiles on the intake, performance, and enteric CH4 emission of Nellore steers. A total of 45 Nellore animals with an average initial BW of 419 ± 11 kg (at 15 ± 2 mo) were distributed in a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 9 replicates. The roughage feed was maize silage (600 g/kg on a DM basis) plus concentrate (400 g/kg on a DM basis). The dietary treatments were as follows: without additional fat (WF), palm oil (PO), linseed oil (LO), protected fat (PF; Lactoplus), and whole soybeans (WS). The lipid source significantly affected (P < 0.05) nutrient intake. The greatest intakes of DM, OM, and CP were observed in the animals that were fed the WF or PF diets, and the lowest intakes were observed in the animals that were fed the PO diet. Intake of NDF decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of PO. Enteric methane emission (g/kg DMI) was reduced by an average of 30% when the animals were fed diets containing WS, LO, and PO (P < 0.05), and these diets caused a larger reduction in the energy loss in the form of methane compared to those without added fat and with added PF (3.3 vs. 4.7%). The different fatty acid profiles did not affect the backfat thickness or the loin eye area of the animals (P > 0.05). However, animals fed PO displayed lower daily weight gain (0.36 kg/d), feed efficiency (0.08 kg ADG/kg DM), HCW (245 kg), and hot yield percentage (52.6%) compared to animals that were fed the other diets. Therefore, PO compared to the other lipid sources used in this study reduces intake, performance, feed efficiency, and carcass yield. Therefore, PO is not suggested for feedlot-finished animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fiorentini
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP)/Campus Jaboticabal, Rod. Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, Rural, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP: 14884-900
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49
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Effects of isovalerate supplementation on microbial status and rumen enzyme profile in steers fed on corn stover based diet. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Azevedo R, Santos A, Ribeiro Júnior C, Santos F, Araújo L, Bicalho F, Fonseca L, Geraseev L. Desempenho de vacas em lactação alimentadas com dietas contendo torta de macaúba. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352014000100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliaram-se o consumo de nutrientes e a produção e composição do leite de vacas da raça Holandesa alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes quantidades de inclusão de torta de macaúba. Oito animais foram distribuídos em dois quadrados latinos 4x4, sendo quatro tratamentos, 0, 100, 200 e 300g kg-1 de TM na matéria seca da dieta, e quatro períodos experimentais de 21 dias, 14 de adaptação e sete de avaliações. A adição de quantidades crescentes de torta de macaúba à dieta alterou o consumo de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos não fibrosos, produção e os teores de lactose, extrato seco desengordurado e sólidos totais do leite, bem como a eficiência alimentar e a digestibilidade da matéria seca. Por outro lado, não foi verificada diferença nos teores de gordura do leite. A adição da TM em até 300g kg-1 da dieta comprometeu o consumo e o desempenho produtivo dos animais.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L. Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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