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Khamsingnok P, Rapichai W, Rattanasrisomporn A, Rungsuriyawiboon O, Choowongkomon K, Rattanasrisomporn J. Comparison of PCR, Nested PCR, and RT-LAMP for Rapid Detection of Feline Calicivirus Infection in Clinical Samples. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2432. [PMID: 39199965 PMCID: PMC11350671 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious virus that causes upper respiratory tract disease, commonly known as cat flu. It is widely distributed worldwide and poses a major threat to feline health. Therefore, it is essential to find an efficient and rapid method for detecting FCV. In this study, the colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay, using neutral red as an indicator, was developed and validated to target the ORF2 gene of FCV for the first time. Additionally, the study compared the diagnostic abilities of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, and RT-LAMP assays for detecting FCV in clinical samples. The optimized RT-LAMP amplification was carried out at 56.3 °C. The technique visually detected FCV within 70 min, with a limit of detection of 14.3 × 101 copies/µL, and showed no cross-reactivity with other feline pathogens. Out of 54 oropharyngeal swab samples, 17 tested positive for FCV using both nested PCR and RT-LAMP, while only one tested positive using conventional PCR. The positivity rate was higher with nested PCR and RT-LAMP (31.48%) compared to conventional PCR (1.85%). Consequently, these results demonstrated the effectiveness of the colorimetric RT-LAMP assay developed in this study as an alternative for diagnosing FCV in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyamat Khamsingnok
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Witsanu Rapichai
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Amonpun Rattanasrisomporn
- Interdisciplinary of Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Oumaporn Rungsuriyawiboon
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
- Graduate Program in Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
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Wei Y, Zeng Q, Gou H, Bao S. Update on feline calicivirus: viral evolution, pathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention and control. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1388420. [PMID: 38756726 PMCID: PMC11096512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1388420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a prevalent and impactful viral pathogen affecting domestic cats. As an RNA virus, FCV exhibits high mutability and genetic plasticity, enabling its persistence within cat populations. Viral genetic diversity is associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infections and mild oral and upper respiratory tract diseases to the potential development of virulent systemic, and even fatal conditions. This diversity poses distinctive challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases caused by FCV. Over the past four decades, research has significantly deepened understanding of this pathogen, with an emphasis on molecular biology, evolutionary dynamics, vaccine development, and disease management strategies. This review discusses various facets of FCV, including its genomic structure, evolution, innate immunity, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and approaches to disease management. FCV remains a complex and evolving concern in feline health, requiring continuous research to enhance understanding of its genetic diversity, to improve vaccine efficacy, and to explore novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huitian Gou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shijun Bao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Sun A, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yang X, Wei Y, Yang D, Li W, Wu X. Establishment of a triplex TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Cymbidium mosaic virus, Odontoglossum ringspot virus and Cymbidium ringspot virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129259. [PMID: 37275143 PMCID: PMC10235546 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchids are significant ornamental plants whose viral infection results in substantial economic damage. Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV), and Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV) represent three important and prevalent orchid viruses. The detection system proposed in this study uses a triplex TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR assay to identify CymMV, ORSV, and CymRSV in a simultaneous manner. We designed specific primers and probes for CymMV, ORSV, and CymRSV, with amplified sequences of 156 bp, 148 bp, and 145 bp, respectively. The minimum detection limit of the triplex qRT-PCR assay for CymMV and CymRSV was 1 copy/assay, and the minimum detection limit was 10 copies/assay for ORSV. The minimum stable detection limits for CymMV, ORSV, and CymRSV were 10, 102, and 102 copies/assay, respectively. Therefore, this system exhibited higher sensitivity (approximately 10 to 104-fold) than RT-PCR. The intra-and interassay CVs of Cq values are less than 0.55 and 0.95%, respectively, indicating that the triplex assay is highly reliable and accurate. In addition, 66 samples from five different orchid genera were analyzed using the established assay and gene chip. The detection results demonstrated that the triplex probe qRT-PCR demonstrated higher sensitivity than the gene chip, indicating that the triplex real-time PCR assay could be used for the detection of field samples. Our findings suggest that the triplex real-time RT-PCR detection system represents a rapid, simple, and accurate tool for detecting CymMV, ORSV, and CymRSV on orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Sun
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture Academy of Science Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture Academy of Science Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture Academy of Science Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Agriculture Academy of Science Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenhan Li
- Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuewei Wu
- Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Komina A, Krasnikov N, Kucheruk O, Zhukova E, Yuzhakov A, Gulyukin A. Distribution and genetic diversity of Feline calicivirus in Moscow metropolitan area. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e92. [PMID: 36448438 PMCID: PMC9715382 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline calicivirus (FCV) is widespread throughout the world. An FCV infection is associated with conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and mouth ulcers that can lead to the animal's death. Because vaccination is not always effective, it is necessary to monitor the infection regularly. OBJECTIVES This study examined the FCV epizootic situation in the Moscow metropolitan area by conducting a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the virus isolates. METHODS Samples from 6213 animals were examined by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. For phylogenetic analysis, 12 nucleotide sequences obtained from animal samples were selected. Sequencing was performed using the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method. RESULTS The FCV genome was detected in 1,596 (25.7%) samples out of 6,213. In 2018, calicivirus was detected in 18.9% of samples, 27.8% in 2019, 21.4% in 2020, and 32.6% in 2021. Phylogenetic analysis of the F ORF2 region and the ORF3 start region led to division into two FCV genogroups. Most of the isolates (8 out of 12) were close to the Chinese strains. On the other hand, there were isolates closely related to European and American strains. The isolates circulating in Moscow were not included in clusters with vaccine strains; their nucleotide similarity varied from 77% to 83%. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a high prevalence and genetic diversity of the FCV in Moscow. The epizootic situation remains stably tense because 24 viruses were detected in 25% of animals annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Komina
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), Moscow 109428, Russia
| | - Nikita Krasnikov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), Moscow 109428, Russia
| | - Oksana Kucheruk
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), Moscow 109428, Russia
| | - Elena Zhukova
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), Moscow 109428, Russia
| | - Anton Yuzhakov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), Moscow 109428, Russia
| | - Alexey Gulyukin
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV” (FSC VIEV), Moscow 109428, Russia
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Huang J, Liu Y, He Y, Yang X, Li Y. CRISPR-Cas13a Based Visual Detection Assays for Feline Calicivirus Circulating in Southwest China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:913780. [PMID: 35898546 PMCID: PMC9310557 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.913780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a well-known causative pathogen for upper respiratory infection in cats. Its high genetic variability challenges existing molecular diagnostic methods in clinical settings. Thus, we developed two sensitive and visual assays for FCV nucleic acid detection based on RPA reaction and CRISPR-Cas13a trans-cleavage activity. Recombinant plasmid DNA, crRNAs, and RPA primers were designed and prepared, respectively, targeting to FCV ORF1 gene. Besides, purified LwCas13a protein was produced by E.coli prokaryotic expression system. To confirm the validity of FCV-Cas13a assays, seven reaction systems (RSs) with different components were tested, and visual readouts were displayed by lateral flow dipstick (FCV-Cas13a-LFD) and fluorescence detector (FCV-Cas13a-FLUOR), respectively. The established FCV-Cas13a assays were capable of detecting FCV nucleic acid in presetting RSs without cross-reaction with other feline-associated pathogens, and the detection limit was as low as 5.5 copies/μl for both visual methods. Moreover, the positive rate of 56 clinical specimens detected by FCV-Cas13a assays (67.9%, 38/56) was notably higher than that of RT-qPCR (44.6%, 25/56) (p < 0.001), including 13 presumptive positive specimens. Taken together, FCV-Cas13a assays provided reliable and visual diagnostic alternatives for FCV field detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjia Liu
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwei He
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaonong Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li
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Cao N, Tang Z, Zhang X, Li W, Li B, Tian Y, Xu D. Development and Application of a Triplex TaqMan Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Feline Calicivirus, Feline Parvovirus, and Feline Herpesvirus 1. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:792322. [PMID: 35211534 PMCID: PMC8861203 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.792322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As companion animals, felines play an important role in human's family life, and their healthcare has attracted great attention. Viruses such as feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), and feline parvovirus virus (FPV) are the most common pathogens that cause severe infectious disease in baby cats. Thus, preclinical detection and intervention of these three viruses is an effective means to prevent diseases and minimize their danger condition. In this study, a triplex TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was developed to detect these three viruses simultaneously. The detection limit of FPV, FCV, and FHV-1 was 5 × 101 copies/assay, which exhibited higher sensitivity (about 10- to100-fold) than conventional PCR. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of the intra-assay variability were lower than 1.86%, and that of inter-assay variability were lower than 3.19%, indicating the excellent repeatability and reproducibility of the triplex assay. Additionally, the assay showed good specificity. Finally, samples from 48 cats were analyzed using the established assay and commercial kits. As a result, the total positive rates for these viruses were 70.83 or 62.5%, respectively, which demonstrated that the developed qRT-PCR assay was more accurate than the commercial kits and could be used in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanyan Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danning Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Danning Xu
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Kim SJ, Kim C, Chung HC, Park YH, Park KT. Full-length ORF2 sequence-based genetic and phylogenetic characterization of Korean feline caliciviruses. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e32. [PMID: 33908206 PMCID: PMC8170210 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly infectious pathogen in cats and widely distributed worldwide with high genetic variation. Full-length open reading frame 2 of 5 from recently isolated Korean FCV isolates were sequenced and compared with those of global isolates. The results of phylogenetic analysis supported dividing global FCV isolates into two genogroups (type I and II) and demonstrated the presence of genogroup II in Korea, indicating their geographic spread in East Asia. High sequence variations in region E of the FCV isolates emphasizes that a novel vaccine needs to be developed to induce protective immunity against various FCV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Cheongung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hee Chun Chung
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kun Taek Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
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