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Baratta M, Jian W, Hengel S, Kaur S, Cunliffe J, Boer J, Hughes N, Kar S, Kellie J, Kim YJ, Lassman M, Mehl J, Morgan L, Palandra J, Sarvaiya H, Zeng J, Zheng N, Wang J, Yuan L, Ji A, Kochansky C, Tao L, Huang Y, Maes E, Barbero L, Contrepois K, Ferrari L, Fu Y, Johnson J, Jones B, Kansal M, Lu Y, Post N, Shen H(H, Xue Y(YJ, Zhang Y(C, Biswas G, Cho S(J, Edmison A, Benson K, Abberley L, Azadeh M, Francis J, Garofolo F, Gupta S, Ivanova I(D, Ishii-Watabe A, Karnik S, Kassim S, Kavetska O, Keller S, Kossary E, Li W, McCush F, Mendes DN, Abhari MR, Scheibner K, Sikorski T, Staack RF, Tabler E, Tang H, Wan K, Wang YM, Whale E, Yang L, Zimmer J, Bandukwala A, Du X, Kholmanskikh O, Gijsel SKD, Wadhwa M, Xu J, Buoninfante A, Cludts I, Diebold S, Maxfield K, Mayer C, Pedras-Vasconcelos J, Abhari MR, Shubow S, Tanaka Y, Tounekti O, Verthelyi D, Wagner L. 2023 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Deuterated Drugs; LNP; Tumor/FFPE Biopsy; Targeted Proteomics; Small Molecule Covalent Inhibitors; Chiral Bioanalysis; Remote Regulatory Assessments; Sample Reconciliation/Chain of Custody (PART 1A - Recommendations on Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography, Sample Preparation Latest Developments, Challenges, and Solutions and BMV/Regulated Bioanalysis PART 1B - Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV, Biomarkers/IVD/CDx/BAV, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine). Bioanalysis 2024; 16:307-364. [PMID: 38913185 PMCID: PMC11216509 DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2347153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The 17th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (17th WRIB) took place in Orlando, FL, USA on June 19-23, 2023. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 17th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.Moreover, in-depth workshops on "EU IVDR 2017/746 Implementation and impact for the Global Biomarker Community: How to Comply with this NEW Regulation" and on "US FDA/OSIS Remote Regulatory Assessments (RRAs)" were the special features of the 17th edition.As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues.This 2023 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2023 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons.This publication covers the recommendations on Mass Spectrometry Assays, Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV (Part 1A) and Regulatory Inputs (Part 1B). Part 2 (Biomarkers, IVD/CDx, LBA and Cell-Based Assays) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 16 of Bioanalysis, issues 7 and 8 (2024), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenying Jian
- Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Mehl
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Naiyu Zheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yue Huang
- AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Luca Ferrari
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Yang Lu
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roland F Staack
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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2
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Kholmanskikh O, Wang YM, Hersey S, Wadhwa M, Block K, Bandukwala A, Szapacs M, Weiner R, Awwad K, Dessy F, Downing S, Du X, Garofolo F, Harris S, Hou V, Jones J, Kar S, Kinhikar A, Li M, Mathews J, Meissen J, Sumner GO, Pan L, Sanderink G, Scully I, Stanta J, Tanaka Y, Vauleon S, Wagner L, Wang K, Zhu L, Eck S, Lin YD, Azadeh M, Decman V, Diebold S, Du X, Goihberg P, Alcaide EG, Gonneau C, Hedrick MN, Hopkins G, Kar S, Loschko J, McCausland M, Mendez L, Sehra S, Stevens E, Sun YS, Tangri S, Trampont PC, Cludts I, Dysinger M, Kavita U, Sugimoto H, Chilewski S, Grimaldi C, Jiang Y, Kamerud J, Liu S, Owen C, Palackal N, Petit-frere C, Pine S, Abhari MR, Scheibner K, Williams L, Xu T, Zhang G. 2023 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: EU IVDR 2017/746 Implementation/Impact, IVD/CDx/CLIA Approved Assays, High Dimensional Cytometry, Multiplexing Technologies, LBA Tissue Analysis, Vaccine Study Endpoints, Cell-Based Assays for Biomarkers, Cell Therapy and Vaccines ( PART 2 - Recommendations on Development & Validation of Biomarkers, IVD, CDx, Cell-Based, Flow Cytometry, Ligand-Binding and Enzyme Assays; Advanced Critical Reagents Strategies). Bioanalysis 2024; 16:179-220. [PMID: 38899739 PMCID: PMC11216500 DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2340961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The 17th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (17th WRIB) took place in Orlando, FL, USA on 19-23 June 2023. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 17th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.Moreover, in-depth workshops on "EU IVDR 2017/746 Implementation and impact for the Global Biomarker Community: How to Comply with these NEW Regulations" and on "US FDA/OSIS Remote Regulatory Assessments (RRAs)" were the special features of the 17th edition.As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues.This 2023 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2023 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons.This publication (Part 2) covers the recommendations on Biomarkers, IVD/CDx, LBA and Cell-Based Assays. Part 1A (Mass Spectrometry Assays and Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV), P1B (Regulatory Inputs) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 16 of Bioanalysis, issues 9 and 7 (2024), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francis Dessy
- GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart, Belgium
- Takeda, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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Mora J, Palmer R, Wagner L, Wu B, Partridge M, Meena, Sonderegger I, Smeraglia J, Bivi N, Dakappagari N, Diebold S, Garofolo F, Grimaldi C, Kalina W, Kamerud J, Kar S, Marshall JC, Mayer C, Melton A, Merdek K, Nolan K, Picard S, Shao W, Seitzer J, Tanaka Y, Tounekti O, Vigil A, Walravens K, Xu J, Xu W, Xu Y, Yang L, Zhu L, Verthelyi D, Kubiak RJ, Coble K, Gupta S, Abhari MR, Richards S, Song Y, Ullmann M, Calderon B, Cludts I, Gunn GR, Gupta S, Ishii-Watabe A, Manangeeswaran M, Maxfield K, McCush F, O'Day C, Peng K, Poetzl J, Rasamoelisolo M, Saad OM, Scheibner K, Shubow S, Song S, Thacker S. 2023 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: ISR for ADA Assays, the Rise of dPCR vs qPCR, International Reference Standards for Vaccine Assays, Anti-AAV TAb Post-Dose Assessment, NanoString Validation, ELISpot as Gold Standard (Part 3 - Recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Vaccines Immunogenicity & Technologies; Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity & Risk Assessment; ADA/NAb Assay/Reporting Harmonization). Bioanalysis 2024; 16:77-119. [PMID: 38389403 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The 17th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (17th WRIB) took place in Orlando, FL, USA on June 19-23, 2023. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 17th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on "EU IVDR 2017/746 Implementation and impact for the Global Biomarker Community: How to Comply with these NEW Regulations" and on "US FDA/OSIS Remote Regulatory Assessments (RRAs)" were the special features of the 17th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2023 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2023 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 3) covers the recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity. Part 1A (Mass Spectrometry Assays and Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV), P1B (Regulatory Inputs) and Part 2 (Biomarkers, IVD/CDx, LBA and Cell-Based Assays) are published in volume 16 of Bioanalysis, issues 8 and 9 (2024), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Meena
- Stoke, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joshua Xu
- US FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Regenxbio, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Lin Yang
- US FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Regenxbio, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Song
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate Peng
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Barbero LM, Ianni AD, Molinaro F, Cowan KJ, Sirtori FR. Hybrid liquid chromatography high resolution and accuracy mass spectrometry approach for quantification of antibody-drug conjugates at the intact protein level in biological samples. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106502. [PMID: 37336420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical in vivo and in vitro characterization of Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) involves the development of several bioanalytical methods to address many drug exposure questions. The current pharma industry approach requires at least three different assays that must be run, i.e., total antibody (mAb), conjugated payload or conjugated mAb, and free payload assays. Herein we present analytical performances of a quantitative hybrid Ligand Binding/Liquid Chromatography High Resolution and Accuracy Mass Spectrometry (LB/LCHRAM) method that can condense much of the necessary bioanalytical information in one method. The method includes an immuno-capture step, and it detects whole ADC molecules. It was applied to plasma mouse samples and showed reliable bioanalytical performance according to full method validation standards. Quantitation using extracted ion chromatograms and deconvoluted mass peaks was evaluated. The limit of quantitation resulted in 0.5ng of protein on column with a linear dynamic range spanning from 0.5 to 10μg/mL. Moreover, lower drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) ADC species can be simultaneously detected, also enabling qualitative characterization of in vivo ADC conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca M Barbero
- NBE-DMPK Innovative BioAnalytics, Merck Serono RBM S.P.A., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Ribes 1, Colleretto Giacosa (TO) 10010, Italy.
| | - Andrea Di Ianni
- NBE-DMPK Innovative BioAnalytics, Merck Serono RBM S.P.A., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Ribes 1, Colleretto Giacosa (TO) 10010, Italy; Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Francesco Molinaro
- NBE-DMPK Innovative BioAnalytics, Merck Serono RBM S.P.A., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Ribes 1, Colleretto Giacosa (TO) 10010, Italy
| | - Kyra J Cowan
- NBE-DMPK Innovative BioAnalytics, Merck Serono RBM S.P.A., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Ribes 1, Colleretto Giacosa (TO) 10010, Italy
| | - Federico Riccardi Sirtori
- NBE-DMPK Innovative BioAnalytics, Merck Serono RBM S.P.A., An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Ribes 1, Colleretto Giacosa (TO) 10010, Italy
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Sumner G, Keller S, Huleatt J, Staack RF, Wagner L, Azadeh M, Bandukwala A, Cao L, Du X, Salinas GF, Garofolo F, Harris S, Hopper S, Irwin C, Ji Q, Joseph J, King L, Kinhikar A, Lu Y, Luo R, Mabrouk O, Malvaux L, Marshall JC, McGuire K, Mikol V, Neely R, Qiu X, Saito Y, Salaun B, Scully I, Smeraglia J, Solstad T, Stoop J, Tang H, Teixeira P, Wang Y, Wright M, Mendez L, Beaver C, Eacret J, Au-Yeung A, Decman V, Dessy F, Eck S, Goihberg P, Alcaide EG, Gonneau C, Grugan K, Hedrick MN, Kar S, Sehra S, Stevens E, Stevens C, Sun Y, McCush F, Williams L, Fischer S, Wu B, Jordan G, Burns C, Cludts I, Coble K, Grimaldi C, Henderson N, Joyce A, Lotz G, Lu Y, Luo L, Neff F, Sperinde G, Stubenrauch KG, Wang Y, Ware M, Xu W. 2022 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Enzyme Assay Validation, BAV for Primary End Points, Vaccine Functional Assays, Cytometry in Tissue, LBA in Rare Matrices, Complex NAb Assays, Spectral Cytometry, Endogenous Analytes, Extracellular Vesicles Part 2 - Recommendations on Biomarkers/CDx, Flow Cytometry, Ligand-Binding Assays Development & Validation; Emerging Technologies; Critical Reagents Deep Characterization. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:861-903. [PMID: 37584363 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (16th WRIB) took place in Atlanta, GA, USA on September 26-30, 2022. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 16th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on ICH M10 BMV final guideline (focused on this guideline training, interpretation, adoption and transition); mass spectrometry innovation (focused on novel technologies, novel modalities, and novel challenges); and flow cytometry bioanalysis (rising of the 3rd most common/important technology in bioanalytical labs) were the special features of the 16th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2022 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2022 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 2) covers the recommendations on LBA, Biomarkers/CDx and Cytometry. Part 1 (Mass Spectrometry and ICH M10) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 15 of Bioanalysis, issues 16 and 14 (2023), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roland F Staack
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Ji
- AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yang Lu
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Priscila Teixeira
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Yixin Wang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregor Jordan
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil Henderson
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gregor Lotz
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Neff
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
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Szapacs M, Jian W, Spellman D, Cunliffe J, Verburg E, Kaur S, Kellie J, Li W, Mehl J, Qian M, Qiu X, Sirtori FR, Rosenbaum AI, Sikorski T, Surapaneni S, Wang J, Wilson A, Zhang J, Xue Y, Post N, Huang Y, Goykhman D, Yuan L, Fang K, Casavant E, Chen L, Fu Y, Huang M, Ji A, Johnson J, Lassman M, Li J, Saad O, Sarvaiya H, Tao L, Wang Y, Zheng N, Dasgupta A, Abhari MR, Ishii-Watabe A, Saito Y, Mendes Fernandes DN, Bower J, Burns C, Carleton K, Cho SJ, Du X, Fjording M, Garofolo F, Kar S, Kavetska O, Kossary E, Lu Y, Mayer A, Palackal N, Salha D, Thomas E, Verhaeghe T, Vinter S, Wan K, Wang YM, Williams K, Woolf E, Yang L, Yang E, Bandukwala A, Hopper S, Maher K, Xu J, Brodsky E, Cludts I, Irwin C, Joseph J, Kirshner S, Manangeeswaran M, Maxfield K, Pedras-Vasconcelos J, Solstad T, Thacker S, Tounekti O, Verthelyi D, Wadhwa M, Wagner L, Yamamoto T, Zhang L, Zhou L. 2022 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: ICH M10 BMV Guideline & Global Harmonization; Hybrid Assays; Oligonucleotides & ADC; Non-Liquid & Rare Matrices; Regulatory Inputs ( Part 1A - Recommendations on Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Sample Preparation, Novel Technologies, Novel Modalities, and Novel Challenges, ICH M10 BMV Guideline & Global Harmonization Part 1B - Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV, Biomarkers/CDx/BAV, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine). Bioanalysis 2023; 15:955-1016. [PMID: 37650500 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (16th WRIB) took place in Atlanta, GA, USA on September 26-30, 2022. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 16th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on the ICH M10 BMV final guideline (focused on this guideline training, interpretation, adoption and transition); mass spectrometry innovation (focused on novel technologies, novel modalities, and novel challenges); and flow cytometry bioanalysis (rising of the 3rd most common/important technology in bioanalytical labs) were the special features of the 16th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2022 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2022 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 1A) covers the recommendations on Mass Spectrometry and ICH M10. Part 1B covers the Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Bioanalysis, Biomarkers, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine. Part 2 (LBA, Biomarkers/CDx and Cytometry) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 15 of Bioanalysis, issues 15 and 14 (2023), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Mehl
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongjun Xue
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yue Huang
- AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ola Saad
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Naiyu Zheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Lu
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- US FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Eric Yang
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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Pan L, Mora J, Walravens K, Wagner L, Hopper S, Loo L, Bettoun D, Bond S, Dessy F, Downing S, Garofolo F, Gupta S, Henderson N, Irwin C, Ishii-Watabe A, Kar S, Jawa V, Joseph J, Malvaux L, Marshall JC, McDevitt J, Mohapatra S, Seitzer J, Smith J, Solstad T, Sugimoto H, Tounekti O, Wu B, Wu Y, Xu Y, Xu J, Yamamoto T, Yang L, Torri A, Kirshner S, Maxfield K, Vasconcelos JP, Abhari MR, Verthelyi D, Brodsky E, Carrasco-Triguero M, Kamerud J, Andisik M, Baltrukonis D, Bivi N, Cludts I, Coble K, Gorovits B, Gunn GR, Gupta S, Millner AH, Joyce A, Kubiak RJ, Kumar S, Liao K, Manangeeswaran M, Partridge M, Pine S, Poetzl J, Rajadhyaksha M, Rasamoelisolo M, Richards S, Song Y, Swanson S, Thacker S, Wadhwa M, Wolf A, Zhang L, Zhou L. 2022 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: FDA Draft Guidance on Immunogenicity Information in Prescription Drug Labeling, LNP & Viral Vectors Therapeutics/Vaccines Immunogenicity, Prolongation Effect, ADA Affinity, Risk-based Approaches, NGS, qPCR, ddPCR Assays ( Part 3 - Recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Vaccines Immunogenicity & Technologies; Immunogenicity & Risk Assessment of Biotherapeutics and Novel Modalities; NAb Assays Integrated Approach). Bioanalysis 2023; 15:773-814. [PMID: 37526071 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2022 16th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (WRIB) took place in Atlanta, GA, USA on September 26-30, 2022. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 16th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on ICH M10 BMV final guideline (focused on this guideline training, interpretation, adoption and transition); mass spectrometry innovation (focused on novel technologies, novel modalities, and novel challenges); and flow cytometry bioanalysis (rising of the 3rd most common/important technology in bioanalytical labs) were the special features of the 16th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2022 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2022 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 3) covers the recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity. Part 1 (Mass Spectrometry and ICH M10) and Part 2 (LBA, Biomarkers/CDx and Cytometry) are published in volume 15 of Bioanalysis, issues 16 and 15 (2023), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vibha Jawa
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Song
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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GSK Bioanalytical Hub model in bioanalysis: maximizing the synergies of co-locating various platforms in support of regulated and nonregulated study endpoints. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:127-132. [PMID: 36916633 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "bioanalytical" encompasses a much greater breadth of analytical deliverables than ever before. Circulating drug concentration data are complemented by experimental evidence of drug in biophase, immunogenicity, target engagement and subsequent pathway modulation. Many bioanalytical assays bridge the traditional divide across discovery and development. Our approach is the Bioanalytical Hub model bringing together a wide breadth of bioanalytical support (GxP and non-GxP), multiple endpoints (PK, ADA and biomarkers) and analytical platforms (LC/MS, immunoassay, flow cytometry, genomics, immunohistochemistry) onto a common lab footprint. This maximizes instrument utilization, facilitates workforce agility and enhances data interpretation capability while reducing the number of hand-offs as assays evolve from their origins as exploratory endpoints to fully characterized to support primary and secondary endpoints.
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9
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Zacharias AO, Liu C, VanAernum ZL, Covey TR, Bateman KP, Wen X, McLaren DG. Ultrahigh-Throughput Intact Protein Analysis with Acoustic Ejection Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:4-9. [PMID: 36468949 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The need for high-throughput intact protein analysis has been rising as drug discovery increasingly requires the analysis of large sets of covalent modifiers and protein therapeutics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the primary analytical tool used to date to characterize proteins within the biopharmaceutical industry. However, the speed of LC-MS prevents the analysis of large-scale sample sets (>1000 within a day). Acoustic ejection mass spectrometry (AEMS) has recently been established as an electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS based platform with both fast analytical throughput and high data quality. Since its introduction, this technology has been applied in numerous fields with a primary focus on small-molecule analysis in high-throughput drug discovery and development. Here we explore the application of AEMS to high-throughput intact protein analysis for proteins ranging in molecular weight from 17 to 150 kDa on a prototype high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (HR QTOF) based AEMS system. Data quality obtained on this platform is comparable to LC-MS, while the analysis speed is significantly improved to one-second-per-sample. This ultrahigh-throughput intact protein analysis platform has the potential to be used broadly in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adway O Zacharias
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave. Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, OntarioL4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Zachary L VanAernum
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave. Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Thomas R Covey
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, OntarioL4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Kevin P Bateman
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave. Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Xiujuan Wen
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave. Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - David G McLaren
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave. Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
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10
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Development and implementation of urinary transporter biomarkers to facilitate assessment of drug-drug interaction. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:971-984. [PMID: 36066071 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Novel urinary biomarker evaluation approaches to support inhibition assessment for renal transporters (e.g., OCT2, multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins [MATEs]). Methods: Highly sensitive and robust hydrophilic interaction chromatography-MS/high-resolution MS assays, for urine and plasma, were developed and characterized to evaluate transporter biomarkers including N1-methyladenosine and N1-methylnicotinamide. Results: The assays were simple and reliable with good selectivity and sensitivity, and successfully supported a clinical drug-drug interaction study with a drug candidate that presented in vitro inhibition of OCT2 and MATEs. Conclusion: The multiplexed assays enable a performance comparison, including biomarker specificity and sensitivity, that should increase the confidence in early clinical OCT2/MATEs drug-drug interaction risk assessment.
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11
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Method development workflow for quantifying protein biomarkers by hybrid LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:985-1004. [PMID: 36066044 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Industry-standard guidance on method development and validation of hybrid LC-MS/MS assays for protein biomarkers, particularly on evaluation of parallelism, is lacking. Methods: Using a protein endogenous to humans and mice as a model analyte, a quantitative hybrid LC-MS/MS workflow was developed using a surrogate matrix approach with a recombinant form of the protein as the calibrant. Results: The developed workflow identified a surrogate matrix, established parallelism between the surrogate and authentic matrices and assessed parallelism between the recombinant and authentic forms of the protein. The final method was qualified using precision and accuracy with recovery assessments. Conclusion: The established workflow can be used in future bioanalytical studies to develop effective hybrid LC-MS/MS methods for endogenous protein biomarkers.
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12
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Masui S, Yonezawa A, Yokoyama K, Iwamoto N, Shimada T, Onishi A, Onizawa H, Fujii T, Murakami K, Murata K, Tanaka M, Nakagawa S, Hira D, Itohara K, Imai S, Nakagawa T, Hayakari M, Matsuda S, Morinobu A, Terada T, Matsubara K. N-terminus of Etanercept is Proteolytically Processed by Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2541-2554. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Abstract
In recent years, many antibody drugs that play an important role in the pharmacotherapy of several diseases have been developed. Antibody drugs exhibit immunogenicity in vivo leading to the development of antibodies against the antibody drug (anti-drug antibody). Nonetheless, other factors also affect the pharmacokinetics of antibody drugs. Recently, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab was introduced for personalized medicine. However, the usefulness of TDM in antibody therapy remains unclear. In addition to intervention studies, real-world data analysis is important. Unlike small-molecule drugs, antibody drugs do not have a uniform molecular weight; therefore, using the conventional analysis methods, it is impossible to determine the true pharmacokinetic outcomes of these agents. To analyze structural changes of antibody drugs in the body, new technologies are necessary. In the future, along with the development of new drugs, the establishment of novel analytical methods is essential to facilitate the promotion of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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14
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Criteria of slope and endogenous level for selection of matrix in the quantitation of endogenous compounds by LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:807-816. [PMID: 35938284 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of the appropriate matrix for standard curve is critical for an accurate and sensitive biomarker method. Slope of a standard curve is the key factor for parallelism assessment between tested matrix and authentic matrix for LC-MS/MS assays. Here the authors have established slope criteria using a generic equation and endogenous level criteria for achieving assay sensitivity. The slope difference criterion is from -13.0 to +17.6% for LC-MS assays with ± 15% bias criteria. When the ratio of endogenous concentration in the tested matrix to the lower limit of quantitation is <4.0, the lower limit of quantitation is achievable. If these criteria are met, the tested matrix can be used for assays. The utility of the two criteria has been illustrated with case studies.
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15
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2021 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: TAb/NAb, Viral Vector CDx, Shedding Assays; CRISPR/Cas9 & CAR-T Immunogenicity; PCR & Vaccine Assay Performance; ADA Assay Comparability & Cut Point Appropriateness ( Part 3 - Recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Vaccine Assays; Immunogenicity of Biotherapeutics and Novel Modalities; Integrated Summary of Immunogenicity Harmonization). Bioanalysis 2022; 14:737-793. [PMID: 35578991 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 15th edition of the Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (15th WRIB) was held on 27 September to 1 October 2021. Even with a last-minute move from in-person to virtual, an overwhelmingly high number of nearly 900 professionals representing pharma and biotech companies, contract research organizations (CROs), and multiple regulatory agencies still eagerly convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 15th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on biomarker assay development and validation (BAV) (focused on clarifying the confusion created by the increased use of the term "Context of Use - COU"); mass spectrometry of proteins (therapeutic, biomarker and transgene); state-of-the-art cytometry innovation and validation; and, critical reagent and positive control generation were the special features of the 15th edition. This 2021 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop, and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2021 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 3) covers the recommendations on TAb/NAb, Viral Vector CDx, Shedding Assays; CRISPR/Cas9 & CAR-T Immunogenicity; PCR & Vaccine Assay Performance; ADA Assay Comparability & Cut Point Appropriateness. Part 1A (Endogenous Compounds, Small Molecules, Complex Methods, Regulated Mass Spec of Large Molecules, Small Molecule, PoC), Part 1B (Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Bioanalysis, Biomarkers, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine) and Part 2 (ISR for Biomarkers, Liquid Biopsies, Spectral Cytometry, Inhalation/Oral & Multispecific Biotherapeutics, Accuracy/LLOQ for Flow Cytometry) are published in volume 14 of Bioanalysis, issues 9 and 10 (2022), respectively.
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16
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2021 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: ISR for Biomarkers, Liquid Biopsies, Spectral Cytometry, Inhalation/Oral & Multispecific Biotherapeutics, Accuracy/LLOQ for Flow Cytometry ( Part 2 - Recommendations on Biomarkers/CDx Assays Development & Validation, Cytometry Validation & Innovation, Biotherapeutics PK LBA Regulated Bioanalysis, Critical Reagents & Positive Controls Generation). Bioanalysis 2022; 14:627-692. [PMID: 35578974 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 15th edition of the Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (15th WRIB) was held on 27 September to 1 October 2021. Even with a last-minute move from in-person to virtual, an overwhelmingly high number of nearly 900 professionals representing pharma and biotech companies, contract research organizations (CROs), and multiple regulatory agencies still eagerly convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 15th WRIB included three Main Workshops and seven Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on biomarker assay development and validation (BAV) (focused on clarifying the confusion created by the increased use of the term "context of use" [COU]); mass spectrometry of proteins (therapeutic, biomarker and transgene); state-of-the-art cytometry innovation and validation; and critical reagent and positive control generation were the special features of the 15th edition. This 2021 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop, and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2021 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 2) covers the recommendations on ISR for Biomarkers, Liquid Biopsies, Spectral Cytometry, Inhalation/Oral & Multispecific Biotherapeutics, Accuracy/LLOQ for Flow Cytometry. Part 1A (Endogenous Compounds, Small Molecules, Complex Methods, Regulated Mass Spec of Large Molecules, Small Molecule, PoC), Part 1B (Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Bioanalysis, Biomarkers, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine) and Part 3 (TAb/NAb, Viral Vector CDx, Shedding Assays; CRISPR/Cas9 & CAR-T Immunogenicity; PCR & Vaccine Assay Performance; ADA Assay Comparability & Cut Point Appropriateness) are published in volume 14 of Bioanalysis, issues 9 and 11 (2022), respectively.
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17
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Fernández-Metzler C, Ackermann B, Garofolo F, Arnold ME, DeSilva B, Gu H, Laterza O, Mao Y, Rose M, Vazvaei-Smith F, Steenwyk R. Biomarker Assay Validation by Mass Spectrometry. AAPS J 2022; 24:66. [PMID: 35534647 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of discussion and publication have gone into the guidance from the scientific community and the regulatory agencies on the use and validation of pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic assays by chromatographic and ligand binding assays for the measurement of drugs and metabolites. These assay validations are well described in the FDA Guidance on Bioanalytical Methods Validation (BMV, 2018). While the BMV included biomarker assay validation, the focus was on understanding the challenges posed in validating biomarker assays and the importance of having reliable biomarker assays when used for regulatory submissions, rather than definition of the appropriate experiments to be performed. Different from PK bioanalysis, analysis of biomarkers can be challenging due to the presence of target analyte(s) in the control matrices used for calibrator and quality control sample preparation, and greater difficulty in procuring appropriate reference standards representative of the endogenous molecule. Several papers have been published offering recommendations for biomarker assay validation. The situational nature of biomarker applications necessitates fit-for-purpose (FFP) assay validation. A unifying theme for FFP analysis is that method validation requirements be consistent with the proposed context of use (COU) for any given biomarker. This communication provides specific recommendations for biomarker assay validation (BAV) by LC-MS, for both small and large molecule biomarkers. The consensus recommendations include creation of a validation plan that contains definition of the COU of the assay, use of the PK assay validation elements that support the COU, and definition of assay validation elements adapted to fit biomarker assays and the acceptance criteria for both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad Ackermann
- Eli Lilly & Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Fabio Garofolo
- BRI - a Frontage Company, 8898 Heather St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6P 3S8, Canada
| | - Mark E Arnold
- Labcorp Drug Development, 221 Tulip Tree Drive, Westampton, NJ, 08060-5511, USA
| | - Binodh DeSilva
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Huidong Gu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Omar Laterza
- Merck and Co Inc., 90 E Scott Ave, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Yan Mao
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Mark Rose
- Gossamer Bio Inc., 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Rick Steenwyk
- Pfizer-Retired, 8739 N Homestead Circle, Irons, MI, 49644, USA
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18
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2021 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Mass Spec of Proteins, Extracellular Vesicles, CRISPR, Chiral Assays, Oligos; Nanomedicines Bioanalysis; ICH M10 Section 7.1; Non-Liquid & Rare Matrices; Regulatory Inputs ( Part 1A - Recommendations on Endogenous Compounds, Small Molecules, Complex Methods, Regulated Mass Spec of Large Molecules, Small Molecule, PoC & Part 1B - Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Bioanalysis, Biomarkers, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine). Bioanalysis 2022; 14:505-580. [PMID: 35578993 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The 15th edition of the Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (15th WRIB) was held on 27 September to 1 October 2021. Even with a last-minute move from in-person to virtual, an overwhelmingly high number of nearly 900 professionals representing pharma and biotech companies, contract research organizations (CROs), and multiple regulatory agencies still eagerly convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 15th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on biomarker assay development and validation (BAV) (focused on clarifying the confusion created by the increased use of the term "Context of Use - COU"); mass spectrometry of proteins (therapeutic, biomarker and transgene); state-of-the-art cytometry innovation and validation; and, critical reagent and positive control generation were the special features of the 15th edition. This 2021 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop, and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2021 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 1A) covers the recommendations on Endogenous Compounds, Small Molecules, Complex Methods, Regulated Mass Spec of Large Molecules, Small Molecule, PoC. Part 1B covers the Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Bioanalysis, Biomarkers, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine. Part 2 (ISR for Biomarkers, Liquid Biopsies, Spectral Cytometry, Inhalation/Oral & Multispecific Biotherapeutics, Accuracy/LLOQ for Flow Cytometry) and Part 3 (TAb/NAb, Viral Vector CDx, Shedding Assays; CRISPR/Cas9 & CAR-T Immunogenicity; PCR & Vaccine Assay Performance; ADA Assay Comparabil ity & Cut Point Appropriateness) are published in volume 14 of Bioanalysis, issues 10 and 11 (2022), respectively.
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19
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Mu R, Yuan J, Huang Y, Meissen JK, Mou S, Liang M, Rosenbaum AI. Bioanalytical Methods and Strategic Perspectives Addressing the Rising Complexity of Novel Bioconjugates and Delivery Routes for Biotherapeutics. BioDrugs 2022; 36:181-196. [PMID: 35362869 PMCID: PMC8972746 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increase in the discovery and development of biotherapeutics employing new modalities, such as bioconjugates or novel routes of delivery, has created bioanalytical challenges. The inherent complexity of conjugated molecular structures means that quantification of the bioconjugate and its multiple components is critical for preclinical/clinical studies to inform drug discovery and development. Moreover, bioconjugates involve additional multifactorial complexity because of the potential for in vivo catabolism and biotransformation, which may require thorough investigations in multiple biological matrices. Furthermore, excipients that enhance absorption are frequently evaluated and employed for the development of oral and inhaled biotherapeutics. Risk-benefit assessments are required for novel or existing excipients that utilize dosages above previously approved levels. Bioanalytical methods that can measure both excipients and potential drug metabolites in biological matrices are highly relevant to these emerging bioanalysis challenges. We discuss the bioanalytical strategies for analyzing bioconjugates such as antibody-drug conjugates and antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates and review recent advances in bioanalytical methods for the quantification and characterization of novel bioconjugates. We also discuss bioanalytical considerations for both biotherapeutics and excipients through novel administration routes and review analyses in various biological matrices, from the extensively studied serum or plasma to tissue biopsy in the context of preclinical and clinical studies from both technical and regulatory perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Mu
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John K Meissen
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Si Mou
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meina Liang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anton I Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Comparison of three parallelism assessment methods of biomarker quantification by LC-MS/MS: a case study of the bioanalysis of creatinine in human urine samples. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:279-287. [PMID: 35188423 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Currently, no regulatory guidelines are available for parallelism assessment for LC-MS biomarker quantification. Spike recovery, standard addition and dilutional linearity are recommended with no mention of the implications of applying these approaches. Results: Here, using human urine creatinine, the authors compared spike recovery and standard addition in LC-MS biomarker quantification, and evaluated a new hybrid approach: parallelism QCs. The authors drew different conclusions based on which approach was used (<15% cutoff). Conclusion: Current recommended approaches may lead to different conclusions and are not equivalent and interchangeable. The authors recommend that standard addition should be the universal 'go-to' method for LC-MS biomarker parallelism assessment; parallelism QCs, which consider the total concentration as the theoretical value, can be used if the authentic matrix is limited.
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21
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Welcome to volume 14 of Bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2021. [PMID: 34839717 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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REGEN-COV ® antibody cocktail bioanalytical strategy: comparison of LC-MRM-MS and immunoassay methods for drug quantification. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1827-1836. [PMID: 34743612 PMCID: PMC8579949 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Regeneron developed the anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody cocktail, REGEN-COV® (RONAPREVE® outside the USA). Drug concentration data was important for determination of dose, so a two-part bioanalytical strategy was implemented to ensure the therapy was rapidly available for use. Results & methodology: Initially, a liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS) assay, was used to analyze early-phase study samples. Subsequently, a validated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay was implemented for high throughput sample analysis for all samples. A comparison of drug concentration data from the methods was performed which identified strong linear correlations and for Bland-Altman, small bias. In addition, pharmacokinetic data from both methods produced similar profiles and parameters. Discussion & conclusion: This novel bioanalytical strategy successfully supported swift development of a critical targeted therapy during the COVID-19 public health emergency.
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Rajadhyaksha M, Londhe V. Microsampling: A role to play in Covid-19 diagnosis, surveillance, treatment and clinical trials. Drug Test Anal 2021; 13:1238-1248. [PMID: 34089576 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the new coronavirus disease changed the world upside down. Every day, millions of people were subjected to diagnostic testing for Covid-19, all over the world. Molecular tests helped in the diagnosis of current infection by detecting the presence of viral genome whereas serological tests helped in detecting the presence of antibody in blood as well as contributed to vaccine development. This testing helped in understanding the immunogenicity, community prevalence, geographical spread and conditions post-infection. However, with the contagious nature of the virus, biological specimen sampling involved the risk of transmission and spread of infection. Clinic or pathology visit was the most concerning part. Trained personnel and resources was another barrier. In this scenario, microsampling played an important role due to its most important advantage of remote, contactless, small volume and self-sampling. Minimum requirements for sample storage and ease of shipment added value in this situation. The highly sensitive instruments and validated assay formats assured the accuracy of results and stability of samples. Microsampling techniques are contributing effectively to the Covid-19 pandemic by reducing the demand for clinical staff in population-level testing. The validated and established applications supported the use of microsampling in diagnosis, therapeutic drug monitoring, development of treatment or vaccines and clinical trials for Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Rajadhyaksha
- SPPSPTM, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India.,Sitec Labs. Ltd., Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vaishali Londhe
- SPPSPTM, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
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Shi J, Chen X, Diao J, Jiang L, Li L, Li S, Liang W, Jin X, Wang Y, Wong C, Zhang XT, Tse FLS. Bioanalysis in the Age of New Drug Modalities. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:64. [PMID: 33942188 PMCID: PMC8093172 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of regulatory guidelines for the bioanalysis of new drug modalities, many of which contain multiple functional domains, bioanalytical strategies have been carefully designed to characterize the intact drug and each functional domain in terms of quantity, functionality, biotransformation, and immunogenicity. The present review focuses on the bioanalytical challenges and considerations for RNA-based drugs, bispecific antibodies and multi-domain protein therapeutics, prodrugs, gene and cell therapies, and fusion proteins. Methods ranging from the conventional ligand binding assays and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays to quantitative polymerase chain reaction or flow cytometry often used for oligonucleotides and cell and gene therapies are discussed. Best practices for method selection and validation are proposed as well as a future perspective to address the bioanalytical needs of complex modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China.
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Jianbo Diao
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Liying Jiang
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Lan Li
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Stephen Li
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Wenzhong Liang
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Colton Wong
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Xiaolong Tom Zhang
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Francis L S Tse
- Bioanalytical Services Department, WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao, Shanghai, 200131, China
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Whole blood stability evaluation of monoclonal antibody therapeutics using volumetric absorptive microsampling. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:621-629. [PMID: 33829873 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is increasingly utilized for both nonclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic studies. Currently, VAMS is employed as the sampling method for the detection of antibodies for coronavirus disease 2019. Biotherapeutics whole blood stability on VAMS presents as a critical concern for the health and pharmaceutical industries. In this follow-up to our previous publication, we evaluated daclizumab and trastuzumab whole blood sample stability on VAMS. The drug recovery data we observed at room temperature for short term and -80°C for long term was very encouraging. The knowledge could help us better understand and plan important investigation timelines, especially pandemic situations where human whole blood samples from a large population are collected and in urgent need of data analysis.
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