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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu C, Covey T, Nielsen J, Li S, Weller H, Shou W. Acoustic Ejection/Full-Scan Mass Spectrometry Analysis for High-Throughput Compound Quality Control. SLAS Technol 2020; 26:178-188. [PMID: 33196338 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320967625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput analysis of compound dissolved in DMSO and arrayed in multiwell plates for quality control (QC) purposes has widespread utility in drug discovery, ranging from the QC of assay-ready plates dispatched by compound management, to compound integrity check in the screening collection, to reaction monitoring of chemical syntheses in microtiter plates. Due to the large number of samples (thousands per batch) involved, these workflows can put a significant burden on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platform typically used. To achieve the required speed of seconds per sample, several chromatography-free MS approaches have previously been used with mixed results. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of acoustic ejection-mass spectrometry (AE-MS) in full-scan mode for high-throughput compound QC in miniaturized formats, featuring direct, contactless liquid sampling, minimal sample consumption, and ultrafast analytical speed. The sample consumption and analysis time by AE-MS represent, respectively, a 1000-fold and 30-fold reduction compared with LC-MS. In qualitative QC, AE-MS generated comparable results to conventional LC-MS in identifying the presence and absence of expected compounds. AE-MS also demonstrated its utility in relative quantifications of the same compound in serial dilution plates, or substrate in chemical synthesis. To facilitate the processing of a large amount of data generated by AE-MS, we have developed a data processing platform using commercially available tools. The platform demonstrated fast and straightforward data extraction, reviewing, and reporting, thus eliminating the need for the development of custom data processing tools. The overall AE-MS workflow has effectively eliminated the analytical bottleneck in the high-throughput compound QC work stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shu Li
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Harold Weller
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Wilson Shou
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Lin K, Cabral P, Ekpenyong O, Bader SE, Galvao J, Kim Y, Lu SX, Tam YT, Bruder M, Rearden P, Shankaran H, Beaumont M. A Surrogate Matrix-Based Approach Toward Multiplexed Quantitation of an sGC Stimulator and cGMP in Ocular Tissue and Plasma. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 49:544-554. [PMID: 32851936 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320948836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay was developed and qualified for the multiplexed quantitation of a small molecule stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and its target engagement biomarker, 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), in ocular tissues and plasma from a single surrogate matrix calibration curve. A surrogate matrix approach was used in this assay due to the limited quantities of blank ocular matrices in a discovery research setting. After optimization, the assay showed high accuracy, precision, and recovery as well as parallelism between the surrogate matrix and the biological matrices (rabbit plasma, vitreous, and retina-choroid). This assay provided pharmacokinetic and target engagement data after intravitreal administration of the sGC stimulator. The nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway is a potential target to address glaucoma. Increasing sGC-mediated production of cGMP could improve aqueous humor outflow and ocular blood flow. The sGC stimulator showed dose-dependent exposure in rabbit vitreous, retina-choroid, and plasma. The cGMP exhibited a delayed yet sustained increase in vitreous humor but not retina-choroid. Multiplexed measurement of both pharmacokinetic and target engagement analytes reduced animal usage and provided improved context for interpreting PK and PD relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lin
- 2793Merck & Co., Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Cabral
- 2793Merck & Co., Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Joana Galvao
- 2793Merck & Co., Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sherry X Lu
- 2793Merck & Co., Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yu Tong Tam
- 2793Merck & Co., Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marc Bruder
- 2793Merck & Co., Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Rearden
- 2793Merck & Co., Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Validation and clinical application of dried blood spot assay for quantitative assessment of edoxaban in healthy adults. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:393-407. [PMID: 32329378 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Dried blood spot (DBS) is a sampling approach that offers several advantages over plasma and whole blood (WB) sampling, but several factors, such as hematocrit and temperature, can adversely affect quantitation. Methodology & results: In an open-label, three-way crossover study in healthy subjects, we explored the correlation between DBS, WB and plasma samples, and between DBS samples from finger-prick and venipuncture blood for measuring edoxaban and its metabolite M-4 using LC-MS/MS. The methods were validated comprehensively. The incurred sample reanalysis experiments demonstrated quantitation reproducibility in all three matrices. Overall, there was a good correlation (near perfect concordance for edoxaban) among plasma, WB and DBS measurements. M-4 concentrations in DBS and WB were lower than in plasma. Conclusion: These results indicate using DBS may be used as an alternative methodology to measure edoxaban pharmacokinetics.
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Determining molecular properties with differential mobility spectrometry and machine learning. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5096. [PMID: 30504922 PMCID: PMC6269546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The fast and accurate determination of molecular properties is highly desirable for many facets of chemical research, particularly in drug discovery where pre-clinical assays play an important role in paring down large sets of drug candidates. Here, we present the use of supervised machine learning to treat differential mobility spectrometry - mass spectrometry data for ten topological classes of drug candidates. We demonstrate that the gas-phase clustering behavior probed in our experiments can be used to predict the candidates' condensed phase molecular properties, such as cell permeability, solubility, polar surface area, and water/octanol distribution coefficient. All of these measurements are performed in minutes and require mere nanograms of each drug examined. Moreover, by tuning gas temperature within the differential mobility spectrometer, one can fine tune the extent of ion-solvent clustering to separate subtly different molecular geometries and to discriminate molecules of very similar physicochemical properties.
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Development of a high-performance, enterprise-level, multimode LC–MS/MS autosampler for drug discovery. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1643-1654. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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6
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Spotting of external calibration standards on blank dried blood spots as a resource-sparing protocol. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1441-1450. [PMID: 29056076 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Dried blood spots (DBS) offer significant ethical and scientific advantages; however preparation of calibration curves often times, off-sets some of these advantages. We have developed a methodology wherein small volumes of external calibration standards can be spiked on to blank DBS cards. RESULTS A total of 2 μl of stock solution spotted on to blank blood spots yielded concentrations that were comparable to those obtained using conventional DBS method. The stability of six analytes on 10-day-old blank spots was within 80-120%. The new methodology was successfully applied to a hydroxycholorquine mouse pharmacokinetics study. CONCLUSION Blank DBS samples can be opportunistically prepared from overweight or satellite animals, be stored, and subsequently spiked with standards to prepare calibration standards.
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Liu C, Le Blanc JCY, Schneider BB, Shields J, Federico JJ, Zhang H, Stroh JG, Kauffman GW, Kung DW, Ieritano C, Shepherdson E, Verbuyst M, Melo L, Hasan M, Naser D, Janiszewski JS, Hopkins WS, Campbell JL. Assessing Physicochemical Properties of Drug Molecules via Microsolvation Measurements with Differential Mobility Spectrometry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:101-109. [PMID: 28280776 PMCID: PMC5324087 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The microsolvated state of a molecule, represented by its interactions with only a small number of solvent molecules, can play a key role in determining the observable bulk properties of the molecule. This is especially true in cases where strong local hydrogen bonding exists between the molecule and the solvent. One method that can probe the microsolvated states of charged molecules is differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), which rapidly interrogates an ion's transitions between a solvated and desolvated state in the gas phase (i.e., few solvent molecules present). However, can the results of DMS analyses of a class of molecules reveal information about the bulk physicochemical properties of those species? Our findings presented here show that DMS behaviors correlate strongly with the measured solution phase pKa and pKb values, and cell permeabilities of a set of structurally related drug molecules, even yielding high-resolution discrimination between isomeric forms of these drugs. This is due to DMS's ability to separate species based upon only subtle (yet predictable) changes in structure: the same subtle changes that can influence isomers' different bulk properties. Using 2-methylquinolin-8-ol as the core structure, we demonstrate how DMS shows promise for rapidly and sensitively probing the physicochemical properties of molecules, with particular attention paid to drug candidates at the early stage of drug development. This study serves as a foundation upon which future drug molecules of different structural classes could be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - Jefry Shields
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James J. Federico
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Justin G. Stroh
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory W. Kauffman
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kung
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christian Ieritano
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Evan Shepherdson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mitch Verbuyst
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Luke Melo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Moaraj Hasan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dalia Naser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John S. Janiszewski
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- E-mail:
| | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- E-mail:
| | - J. Larry Campbell
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- E-mail:
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Dziadosz M, Klintschar M, Teske J. Sample pooling as an effective way of simultaneous analysis of new designer drugs together with synthetic cannabinoids in human serum provided by therapy and forensic psychiatric centres. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2016; 56:155-156. [PMID: 27044924 DOI: 10.1177/0025802415587319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Dziadosz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany
| | | | - Jörg Teske
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany
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Palmowski P, Rogowska-Wrzesinska A, Williamson J, Beck HC, Mikkelsen JD, Hansen HH, Jensen ON. Acute Phencyclidine Treatment Induces Extensive and Distinct Protein Phosphorylation in Rat Frontal Cortex. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1578-92. [DOI: 10.1021/pr4010794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Palmowski
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Adelina Rogowska-Wrzesinska
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - James Williamson
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Hans C. Beck
- Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Allé 29, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ole N. Jensen
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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