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Mo W, Li L, Yang BC, Wang X, Wang B, Zhang J, Huang Q, Yao ZP, Zhang D, Hu B. Wearable solid-phase microextraction sampling for enhanced detection of volatile analytes in human ears. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1318:342923. [PMID: 39067915 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating ear at molecule level is challenging task, since there is a lack of molecular detection by traditional diagnosis techniques such as otologic endoscopy, ear swab culture, and imaging diagnostic technique. Therefore, new development of noninvasive, highly sensitive, and convenient analytical method for investigating human ears is highly needed. RESULTS We developed a wearable sampling device for extracting trace analytes in ear by fixing solid-phase microextraction fibers into modified earmuffs (SPME-in-earmuffs). After sampling, SPME fiber was coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identification and quantification of extracted analytes. Enhanced detection of various analytes such as volatile metabolites, exposures, and therapeutic drugs of ears were demonstrated in this work. Particularly, sport-induced metabolic changes such as fatty acids, aldehyde compounds and oxidative produces were found from human ears using this method. Acceptable analytical performances were obtained by using this newly developed method for detecting ear medicines, e.g., low limit of detection (LOD, 0.005-0.021 ng/mL) and limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.018-0.071 ng/mL), excellent linear dynamic responses (R2 > 0.99, ranging from 0.050-8.00 ng/mL), good relative standard deviations (RSDs, 13.19 % ∼ 21.40 %, n = 6) and accuracy (84.43-150.18 %, n = 6) at different concentrations. SIGNIFICANCE For the first time, this work provides a simple, convenient, and wearable microextraction method for enhanced detection of trace volatiles in human ears. The enclosed space between ear and earmuff allows headspace SPME sampling of volatile analytes, and thus provides a new wearable method for monitoring ear metabolites and human exposures, showing potential applications in human health, disease diagnosis, and sport science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Mo
- College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Yang
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Xiangjie Wang
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Baixue Wang
- College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Bin Hu
- College of Environment and Climate, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Schulz E, Woollam M, Vashistha S, Agarwal M. Quantifying exhaled acetone and isoprene through solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1301:342468. [PMID: 38553125 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetone, isoprene, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath have been shown to be biomarkers for many medical conditions. Researchers use different techniques for VOC detection, including solid phase microextraction (SPME), to preconcentrate volatile analytes prior to instrumental analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These techniques include a previously developed method to detect VOCs in breath directly using SPME, but it is uncommon for studies to quantify exhaled volatiles because it can be time consuming due to the need of many external/internal standards, and there is no standardized or widely accepted method. The objective of this study was to develop an accessible method to quantify acetone and isoprene in breath by SPME GC-MS. RESULTS A system was developed to mimic human exhalation and expose VOCs to a SPME fiber in the gas phase at known concentrations. VOCs were bubbled/diluted with dry air at a fixed flow rate, duration, and volume that was comparable to a previously developed breath sampling method. Identification of acetone and isoprene through GC-MS was verified using standards and observing overlaps in chromatographic retention/mass spectral fragmentation. Calibration curves were developed for these two analytes, which showed a high degree of linear correlation. Acetone and isoprene displayed limits of detection/quantification equal to 12 ppb/37 ppb and 73 ppb/222 ppb respectively. Quantification results in healthy breath samples (n = 15) showed acetone concentrations spanned between 71 ppb and 294 ppb, and isoprene varied between 170 ppb and 990 ppb. Both concentration ranges for acetone and isoprene in this study overlap with those reported in existing literature. SIGNIFICANCE Results indicate the development of a system to quantify acetone and isoprene in breath that can be adapted to diverse sampling methods and instrumental analyses beyond SPME GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eray Schulz
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark Woollam
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sneha Vashistha
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mangilal Agarwal
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Bajo-Fernández M, Souza-Silva ÉA, Barbas C, Rey-Stolle MF, García A. GC-MS-based metabolomics of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath: applications in health and disease. A review. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1295955. [PMID: 38298553 PMCID: PMC10828970 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1295955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath analysis, with particular emphasis on volatile organic compounds, represents a growing area of clinical research due to its obvious advantages over other diagnostic tests. Numerous pathologies have been extensively investigated for the identification of specific biomarkers in exhalates through metabolomics. However, the transference of breath tests to clinics remains limited, mainly due to deficiency in methodological standardization. Critical steps include the selection of breath sample types, collection devices, and enrichment techniques. GC-MS is the reference analytical technique for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhalates, especially during the biomarker discovery phase in metabolomics. This review comprehensively examines and compares metabolomic studies focusing on cancer, lung diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition to delving into the experimental designs reported, it also provides a critical discussion of the methodological aspects, ranging from the experimental design and sample collection to the identification of potential pathology-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bajo-Fernández
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Érica A. Souza-Silva
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Departmento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ma Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Moura PC, Raposo M, Vassilenko V. Breath biomarkers in Non-Carcinogenic diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117692. [PMID: 38065379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from human matrices like breath, perspiration, and urine has received increasing attention from academic and medical researchers worldwide. These biological-borne VOCs molecules have characteristics that can be directly related to physiologic and pathophysiologic metabolic processes. In this work, gathers a total of 292 analytes that have been identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of various non-carcinogenic diseases. Herein we review the advances in VOCs with a focus on breath biomarkers and their potential role as minimally invasive tools to improve diagnosis prognosis and therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Catalão Moura
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maria Raposo
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Valentina Vassilenko
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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Moura PC, Raposo M, Vassilenko V. Breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of pathological conditions: A review. Biomed J 2023; 46:100623. [PMID: 37336362 PMCID: PMC10339195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal and abnormal/pathological status of physiological processes in the human organism can be characterized through Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted in breath. Recently, a wide range of volatile analytes has risen as biomarkers. These compounds have been addressed in the scientific and medical communities as an extremely valuable metabolic window. Once collected and analysed, VOCs can represent a tool for a rapid, accurate, non-invasive, and painless diagnosis of several diseases and health conditions. These biomarkers are released by exhaled breath, urine, faeces, skin, and several other ways, at trace concentration levels, usually in the ppbv (μg/L) range. For this reason, the analytical techniques applied for detecting and clinically exploiting the VOCs are extremely important. The present work reviews the most promising results in the field of breath biomarkers and the most common methods of detection of VOCs. A total of 16 pathologies and the respective database of compounds are addressed. An updated version of the VOCs biomarkers database can be consulted at: https://neomeditec.com/VOCdatabase/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Catalão Moura
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria Raposo
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Valentina Vassilenko
- Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus FCT-UNL, Caparica, Portugal.
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Li J, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Pan Z, Chen J, Sun M, Wang J, Li Y, Ye Q. Development and validation of a screening model for lung cancer using machine learning: A large-scale, multi-center study of biomarkers in breath. Front Oncol 2022; 12:975563. [PMID: 36203414 PMCID: PMC9531270 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.975563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lung cancer (LC) is the largest single cause of death from cancer worldwide, and the lack of effective screening methods for early detection currently results in unsatisfactory curative treatments. We herein aimed to use breath analysis, a noninvasive and very simple method, to identify and validate biomarkers in breath for the screening of lung cancer. Materials and methods We enrolled a total of 2308 participants from two centers for online breath analyses using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). The derivation cohort included 1007 patients with primary LC and 1036 healthy controls, and the external validation cohort included 158 LC patients and 107 healthy controls. We used eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to create a panel of predictive features and derived a prediction model to identify LC. The optimal number of features was determined by the greatest area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Results Six features were defined as a breath-biomarkers panel for the detection of LC. In the training dataset, the model had an AUC of 0.963 (95% CI, 0.941–0.982), and a sensitivity of 87.1% and specificity of 93.5% at a positivity threshold of 0.5. Our model was tested on the independent validation dataset and achieved an AUC of 0.771 (0.718–0.823), and sensitivity of 67.7% and specificity of 73.0%. Conclusion Our results suggested that breath analysis may serve as a valid method in screening lung cancer in a borderline population prior to hospital visits. Although our breath-biomarker panel is noninvasive, quick, and simple to use, it will require further calibration and validation in a prospective study within a primary care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Departmentof Cardio-Pulmonary Function, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhua Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meixiu Sun
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Meixiu Sun, ; Junfeng Wang,
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Meixiu Sun, ; Junfeng Wang,
| | - Yingxin Li
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Exhaled Aldehydes as Biomarkers for Lung Diseases: A Narrative Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165258. [PMID: 36014494 PMCID: PMC9415864 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breath analysis provides great potential as a fast and non-invasive diagnostic tool for several diseases. Straight-chain aliphatic aldehydes were repeatedly detected in the breath of patients suffering from lung diseases using a variety of methods, such as mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, or electro-chemical sensors. Several studies found increased concentrations of exhaled aldehydes in patients suffering from lung cancer, inflammatory and infectious lung diseases, and mechanical lung injury. This article reviews the origin of exhaled straight-chain aliphatic aldehydes, available detection methods, and studies that found increased aldehyde exhalation in lung diseases.
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Layer by Layer Optimization of Langmuir–Blodgett Films for Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Based Sensors for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Detection. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rayleigh surface acoustic wave (RSAW)-based resonant sensors, functionalized with single and multiple monomolecular layers of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films, were thickness and density optimized for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC), which could impose a serious threat on the environment and human health. Single layers of a phospholipid (SLP), hexane dissolved arachidic acid (HDAA), and chloroform dissolved arachidic acid (CDAA) were used for the LB film preparation. Several layers of these compounds were deposited on top of each other onto the active surface of high-Q 434 MHz two-port RSAW resonators in a LB trough to prepare a highly sensitive vapor detection quartz surface microbalance (QSM). Frequency shift was measured with a vector network analyzer (VNA). These devices were probed with saturated vapors of hexane, chloroform, methanol, acetone, ethanol, and water after each deposited layer to test the behavior of the QSM’s insertion loss, loaded Q, vapor sensitivity, and to find the optimum trade-off between these parameters for the best real-life sensor performance. With 2200 ppm and 3700 ppm sensitivity to chloroform, HDAA and CDAA coated QSM devices reached the optimum sensor performance at 15 and 11–15 monolayers, respectively. Surface pressure optimized single monolayers of phospholipid LB films were found to provide up to 530 ppm sensitivity to chloroform vapors with a negligible reduction in loss and loaded Q. This vapor sensitivity is higher than the mass of the sensing layer itself, making SLP films an excellent choice for QSM functionalization.
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Bax C, Robbiani S, Zannin E, Capelli L, Ratti C, Bonetti S, Novelli L, Raimondi F, Di Marco F, Dellacà RL. An Experimental Apparatus for E-Nose Breath Analysis in Respiratory Failure Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:776. [PMID: 35453824 PMCID: PMC9026987 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-invasive, bedside diagnostic tools are extremely important for tailo ring the management of respiratory failure patients. The use of electronic noses (ENs) for exhaled breath analysis has the potential to provide useful information for phenotyping different respiratory disorders and improving diagnosis, but their application in respiratory failure patients remains a challenge. We developed a novel measurement apparatus for analysing exhaled breath in such patients. Methods: The breath sampling apparatus uses hospital medical air and oxygen pipeline systems to control the fraction of inspired oxygen and prevent contamination of exhaled gas from ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) It is designed to minimise the dead space and respiratory load imposed on patients. Breath odour fingerprints were assessed using a commercial EN with custom MOX sensors. We carried out a feasibility study on 33 SARS-CoV-2 patients (25 with respiratory failure and 8 asymptomatic) and 22 controls to gather data on tolerability and for a preliminary assessment of sensitivity and specificity. The most significant features for the discrimination between breath-odour fingerprints from respiratory failure patients and controls were identified using the Boruta algorithm and then implemented in the development of a support vector machine (SVM) classification model. Results: The novel sampling system was well-tolerated by all patients. The SVM differentiated between respiratory failure patients and controls with an accuracy of 0.81 (area under the ROC curve) and a sensitivity and specificity of 0.920 and 0.682, respectively. The selected features were significantly different in SARS-CoV-2 patients with respiratory failure versus controls and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 patients (p < 0.001 and 0.046, respectively). Conclusions: the developed system is suitable for the collection of exhaled breath samples from respiratory failure patients. Our preliminary results suggest that breath-odour fingerprints may be sensitive markers of lung disease severity and aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bax
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” (DCMC), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Stefano Robbiani
- TechRes Lab, Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.R.); (E.Z.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Emanuela Zannin
- TechRes Lab, Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.R.); (E.Z.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Laura Capelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” (DCMC), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Christian Ratti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” (DCMC), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Simone Bonetti
- Unit of Pneumology, Azienda Ospedaliera Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (S.B.); (L.N.); (F.R.); (F.D.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Novelli
- Unit of Pneumology, Azienda Ospedaliera Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (S.B.); (L.N.); (F.R.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Federico Raimondi
- Unit of Pneumology, Azienda Ospedaliera Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (S.B.); (L.N.); (F.R.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Fabiano Di Marco
- Unit of Pneumology, Azienda Ospedaliera Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (S.B.); (L.N.); (F.R.); (F.D.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaele L. Dellacà
- TechRes Lab, Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.R.); (E.Z.); (R.L.D.)
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Kingsborough RP, Wrobel AT, Kunz RR. Colourimetry for the sensitive detection of vapour-phase chemicals: State of the art and future trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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External ears for non-invasive and stable monitoring of volatile organic compounds in human blood. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10415. [PMID: 34112816 PMCID: PMC8192764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released through skin (transcutaneous gas) has been increasing in importance for the continuous and real-time assessment of diseases or metabolisms. For stable monitoring of transcutaneous gas, finding a body part with little interference on the measurement is essential. In this study, we have investigated the possibility of external ears for stable and real-time measurement of ethanol vapour by developing a monitoring system that consisted with an over-ear gas collection cell and a biochemical gas sensor (bio-sniffer). The high sensitivity with the broad dynamic range (26 ppb–554 ppm), the high selectivity to ethanol, and the capability of the continuous measurement of the monitoring system uncovered three important characteristics of external ear-derived ethanol with alcohol intake for the first time: there is little interference from sweat glands to a sensor signal at the external ear; similar temporal change in ethanol concentration to that of breath with delayed peak time (avg. 13 min); relatively high concentration of ethanol relative to other parts of a body (external ear-derived ethanol:breath ethanol = 1:590). These features indicated the suitability of external ears for non-invasive monitoring of blood VOCs.
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Kaiser A, Torres Ceja E, Liu Y, Huber F, Müller R, Herr U, Thonke K. H 2S sensing for breath analysis with Au functionalized ZnO nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:205505. [PMID: 33498025 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a H2S selective resistive gas sensor design based on a chemical field effect transistor (ChemFET) with open gate formed by hundreds of high temperature chemical vapour deposition (CVD) grown zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NW). The sensing ability of pristine ZnO NWs and surface functionalized ZnO NWs for H2S is analysed systematically. ZnO NWs are functionalized by deposition of discontinuous gold (Au) nanoparticle films of different thicknesses of catalyst layer ranging from 1 to 10 nm and are compared in their gas sensing properties. All experiments were performed in a temperature stabilized small volume compartment with adjustable gas mixture at room temperature. The results allow for a well-founded understanding of signal-to-noise ratio, enhanced response, and improved limit of detection due to the Au functionalisation. Comprehension and controlled application of the beneficial effects of Au catalyst on ZnO NWs allow for the detection of very low H2S concentrations down to 10 ppb, and a theoretically estimated 500 ppt in synthetic air at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Kaiser
- Institute of Quantum Matter/Semiconductor Physics Group, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Erick Torres Ceja
- Institute of Quantum Matter/Semiconductor Physics Group, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yujia Liu
- Institute of Quantum Matter/Semiconductor Physics Group, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Huber
- Institute of Quantum Matter/Semiconductor Physics Group, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Raphael Müller
- Institute of Quantum Matter/Semiconductor Physics Group, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herr
- Institute of Functional Nanosystems, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Thonke
- Institute of Quantum Matter/Semiconductor Physics Group, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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13
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Mohamed N, van de Goor R, El-Sheikh M, Elrayah O, Osman T, Nginamau ES, Johannessen AC, Suleiman A, Costea DE, Kross KW. Feasibility of a Portable Electronic Nose for Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Sudan. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050534. [PMID: 34063592 PMCID: PMC8147635 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing at an alarming rate particularly in low-income countries. This urges for research into noninvasive, user-friendly diagnostic tools that can be used in limited-resource settings. This study aims to test and validate the feasibility of e-nose technology for detecting OSCC in the limited-resource settings of the Sudanese population. METHODS Two e-nose devices (Aeonose™, eNose Company, Zutphen, The Netherlands) were used to collect breath samples from OSCC (n = 49) and control (n = 35) patients. Patients were divided into a training group for building an artificial neural network (ANN) model and a blinded control group for model validation. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for the analysis of baseline characteristics and regression. Aethena proprietary software was used for data analysis using artificial neural networks based on patterns of volatile organic compounds. RESULTS A diagnostic accuracy of 81% was observed, with 88% sensitivity and 71% specificity. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that e-nose is an efficient tool for OSCC detection in limited-resource settings, where it offers a valuable cost-effective strategy to tackle the burden posed by OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Mohamed
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.M.); (T.O.); (E.S.N.); (A.C.J.)
- Center for International Health (CIH), University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Basic Sciences, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan; (M.E.-S.); (O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Rens van de Goor
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Bernhoven Hospital, P.O. Box 707, 5400 AS Uden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariam El-Sheikh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Basic Sciences, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan; (M.E.-S.); (O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Osman Elrayah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Basic Sciences, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan; (M.E.-S.); (O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Tarig Osman
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.M.); (T.O.); (E.S.N.); (A.C.J.)
| | - Elisabeth Sivy Nginamau
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.M.); (T.O.); (E.S.N.); (A.C.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Christine Johannessen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.M.); (T.O.); (E.S.N.); (A.C.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ahmed Suleiman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Basic Sciences, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan; (M.E.-S.); (O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.M.); (T.O.); (E.S.N.); (A.C.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: (D.E.C.); (K.W.K); Tel.: +47-5597-2565 (D.E.C.); +33-7-68-19-05-57 (K.W.K.)
| | - Kenneth W. Kross
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Policlinique Saint Odilon, 32 Rue Professeur Etienne Sorrel, 03000 Moulins, France
- Correspondence: (D.E.C.); (K.W.K); Tel.: +47-5597-2565 (D.E.C.); +33-7-68-19-05-57 (K.W.K.)
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14
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Kotru S, Klimuntowski M, Ridha H, Uddin Z, Askhar AA, Singh G, Howlader MMR. Electrochemical sensing: A prognostic tool in the fight against COVID-19. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 136:116198. [PMID: 33518850 PMCID: PMC7825925 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the world, despite all efforts in infection control and treatment/vaccine development. Hospitals are currently overcrowded, with health statuses of patients often being hard to gauge. Therefore, methods for determining infection severity need to be developed so that high-risk patients can be prioritized, resources can be efficiently distributed, and fatalities can be prevented. Electrochemical prognostic biosensing of various biomarkers may hold promise in solving these problems as they are low-cost and provide timely results. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature and extracted the most promising biomarkers along with their most favourable electrochemical sensors. The biomarkers discussed in this paper are C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (ILs), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferons (IFNs), glutamate, breath pH, lymphocytes, platelets, neutrophils and D-dimer. Metabolic syndrome is also discussed as comorbidity for COVID-19 patients, as it increases infection severity and raises chances of becoming infected. Cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol (CBD), are discussed as a potential adjunct therapy for COVID-19 as their medicinal properties may be desirable in minimizing the neurodegenerative or severe inflammatory damage caused by severe COVID-19 infection. Currently, hospitals are struggling to provide adequate care; thus, point-of-care electrochemical sensor development needs to be prioritized to provide an approximate prognosis for hospital patients. During and following the immediate aftermath of the pandemic, electrochemical sensors can also be integrated into wearable and portable devices to help patients monitor recovery while returning to their daily lives. Beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, these sensors will also prove useful for monitoring inflammation-based diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Kotru
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin Klimuntowski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hashim Ridha
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Zakir Uddin
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Ali A Askhar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Matiar M R Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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15
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Tiwari S, Kate A, Mohapatra D, Tripathi MK, Ray H, Akuli A, Ghosh A, Modhera B. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Biomarkers for quality management of horticultural commodities during storage through e-sensing. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Winkowski M, Stacewicz T. Optical detection of formaldehyde in air in the 3.6 µm range. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:7019-7031. [PMID: 33408977 PMCID: PMC7747927 DOI: 10.1364/boe.405384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The optical detector of formaldehyde designed for sensing cancer biomarkers in air exhaled from human lungs with possible application in free atmosphere is described. The measurements were performed at wavelengths ranging from 3595.77-3596.20 nm. It was stated that at the pressure of 0.01 atm this absorption band exhibits the best immunity to typical interferents that might occur at high concentration in human breath. Multipass absorption spectroscopy was also applied. The method of optical fringes quenching by wavelength modulation and signal averaging over the interferences period was presented. The application of such approaches enabled the detection limit of about single ppb to be achieved.
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17
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Wang Y, Duan L, Deng Z, Liao J. Electrically Transduced Gas Sensors Based on Semiconducting Metal Oxide Nanowires. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6781. [PMID: 33260973 PMCID: PMC7729516 DOI: 10.3390/s20236781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting metal oxide-based nanowires (SMO-NWs) for gas sensors have been extensively studied for their extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio, high chemical and thermal stabilities, high sensitivity, and unique electronic, photonic and mechanical properties. In addition to improving the sensor response, vast developments have recently focused on the fundamental sensing mechanism, low power consumption, as well as novel applications. Herein, this review provides a state-of-art overview of electrically transduced gas sensors based on SMO-NWs. We first discuss the advanced synthesis and assembly techniques for high-quality SMO-NWs, the detailed sensor architectures, as well as the important gas-sensing performance. Relationships between the NWs structure and gas sensing performance are established by understanding general sensitization models related to size and shape, crystal defect, doped and loaded additive, and contact parameters. Moreover, major strategies for low-power gas sensors are proposed, including integrating NWs into microhotplates, self-heating operation, and designing room-temperature gas sensors. Emerging application areas of SMO-NWs-based gas sensors in disease diagnosis, environmental engineering, safety and security, flexible and wearable technology have also been studied. In the end, some insights into new challenges and future prospects for commercialization are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence & Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;
| | - Li Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;
| | - Zhen Deng
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianhui Liao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
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18
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Scortichini S, Boarelli MC, Castello M, Chiavarini F, Gabrielli S, Marcantoni E, Fiorini D. Development and application of a solid-phase microextraction gas cromatography mass spectrometry method for analysing volatile organic compounds produced during cooking. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4534. [PMID: 32368848 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, there is more awareness on the impact on human health of pollutants emitted during cooking processes, both from commercial and from domestic activities. In this study, a new method exploiting solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) was developed to analyse the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during cooking. The air above the cooking plate was sampled using a polyethylene terephthalate olfactometric bag that allows to transport the sample to the instrument location and to perform the SPME extraction of the sampled air. The efficiency of different extraction systems and different extraction times (1, 8, 16, and 24 h) was evaluated in order to obtain sufficient sensitivity. Thus, the proposed system, combining the use of olfactometric bags and SPME-GC-MS, was applied for the first time to study VOCs emitted during cooking allowing to perform the analysis, even on samples produced in sites far from the instrument location, in an easy way and with instrumentations available in most of laboratories. Then, the method was applied to assess the efficiency of odour filters used in common kitchen hoods, using deep frying of potatoes in sunflower oil as cooking model system. VOCs were analysed in the air before and after passage through the filter, calculating then percentages of dejection for the different classes of VOCs that resulted to be in the range 31-77%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scortichini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Castello
- Elica S.p.A., Via Ermanno Casoli 2, Fabriano, 60044, Italy
| | | | - Serena Gabrielli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Enrico Marcantoni
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino, 62032, Italy
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19
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Ammonia Gas Sensors: Comparison of Solid-State and Optical Methods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High precision and fast measurement of gas concentrations is important for both understanding and monitoring various phenomena, from industrial and environmental to medical and scientific applications. This article deals with the recent progress in ammonia detection using in-situ solid-state and optical methods. Due to the continuous progress in material engineering and optoelectronic technologies, these methods are among the most perceptive because of their advantages in a specific application. We present the basics of each technique, their performance limits, and the possibility of further development. The practical implementations of representative examples are described in detail. Finally, we present a performance comparison of selected practical application, accumulating data reported over the preceding decade, and conclude from this comparison.
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20
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Apriyanto DK, Satriawan M. CO 2 Laser Photoacoustic Spectrometer for Measuring Acetone in the Breath of Lung Cancer Patients. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10060055. [PMID: 32471087 PMCID: PMC7344467 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A CO2 laser has the advantages of being high in power and having many laser lines in the 9–11 µm infrared region. Thus, a CO2 laser photoacoustic spectrometer (PAS) can have a multi-component measurement capability for many gas compounds that have non-zero absorption coefficients at the laser lines, and therefore can be applied for measuring several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the human breath. We have developed a CO2 laser PAS system for detecting acetone in the human breath. Although acetone has small absorption coefficients at the CO2 laser lines, our PAS system was able to obtain strong photoacoustic (PA) signals at several CO2 laser lines, with the strongest one being at the 10P20 line. Since at the 10P20 line, ethylene and ammonia also have significant absorption coefficients, these two gases have to be included in a multi-component measurement with acetone. We obtained the lowest detection limit of our system for the ethylene, acetone, and ammonia are 6 ppbv, 11 ppbv, and 31 ppbv, respectively. We applied our PAS system to measure these three VOCs in the breath of three groups of subjects, i.e., patients with lung cancer disease, patients with other lung diseases, and healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donni Kis Apriyanto
- Department of Physics, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35141, Indonesia;
| | - Mirza Satriawan
- Department of Physics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
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21
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Nabiev SS, Ivanov SV, Lagutin AS, Palkina LA, Malashevich SV, Ol’khov OA, Golubkov MG. Role of Spectral Line Profile in Laser IR Analysis of Multicomponent Gas Mixtures. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119050191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Zhang X, Kang X, Cui W, Zhang Q, Zheng Z, Cui X. Floral and lamellar europium( iii)-based metal–organic frameworks as high sensitivity luminescence sensors for acetone. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Floral Eu-BDC and lamellar Eu-BTC as high sensitivity luminescence sensor for acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials of Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Chengdu 610200
- China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Xiaoli Kang
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials of Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Chengdu 610200
- China
| | - Wen Cui
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials of Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Chengdu 610200
- China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials of Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Chengdu 610200
- China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials of Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Chengdu 610200
- China
| | - Xudong Cui
- Sichuan Research Center of New Materials of Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Chengdu 610200
- China
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23
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Wallace MAG, Pleil JD. Evolution of clinical and environmental health applications of exhaled breath research: Review of methods and instrumentation for gas-phase, condensate, and aerosols. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:18-38. [PMID: 29776545 PMCID: PMC6082128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human breath, along with urine and blood, has long been one of the three major biological media for assessing human health and environmental exposure. In fact, the detection of odor on human breath, as described by Hippocrates in 400 BC, is considered the first analytical health assessment tool. Although less common in comparison to contemporary bio-fluids analyses, breath has become an attractive diagnostic medium as sampling is non-invasive, unlimited in timing and volume, and does not require clinical personnel. Exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) are different types of breath matrices used to assess human health and disease state. Over the past 20 years, breath research has made many advances in assessing health state, overcoming many of its initial challenges related to sampling and analysis. The wide variety of sampling techniques and collection devices that have been developed for these media are discussed herein. The different types of sensors and mass spectrometry instruments currently available for breath analysis are evaluated as well as emerging breath research topics, such as cytokines, security and airport surveillance, cellular respiration, and canine olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ariel Geer Wallace
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Joachim D Pleil
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human breath can contain thousands of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile compounds that are related to metabolism and other biochemical processes. The presence of cancer cells can affect the identity and abundances of chemicals in breath when compared to those in healthy control subjects, which can be used to indicate the likelihood of a patient having cancer. Recently, the chemical analysis of exhaled breath from patients has been shown to be promising for diagnosing many different types of cancers, including lung, breast, colon, head, neck, and prostate, along with pre-cancerous conditions (dysplasia). AREAS COVERED Here, we reviewed the sampling, analytical and data analysis methods reported in the recent patent literature related to cancer breath testing (2014-2017). In addition, the different types of cancer biomarkers that were disclosed are discussed. EXPERT OPINION The major advantages of breath testing compared to conventional X-ray and imaging based methods includes simplicity of use, non-invasiveness, and the potential to detect cancer at a relatively early stage. Such methods are also suitable to perform population screening because of their non-invasiveness. However, the establishment of standard sampling, detection and quantification methods for breath testing is required before the methods can be employed for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Mohibul Kabir
- a School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales, NSW , Sydney , Australia
| | - William A Donald
- a School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales, NSW , Sydney , Australia
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25
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Szabra D, Prokopiuk A, Mikołajczyk J, Ligor T, Buszewski B, Bielecki Z. Air sampling unit for breath analyzers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:115006. [PMID: 29195373 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents a portable breath sampling unit (BSU) for human breath analyzers. The developed unit can be used to probe air from the upper airway and alveolar for clinical and science studies. The BSU is able to operate as a patient interface device for most types of breath analyzers. Its main task is to separate and to collect the selected phases of the exhaled air. To monitor the so-called I, II, or III phase and to identify the airflow from the upper and lower parts of the human respiratory system, the unit performs measurements of the exhaled CO2 (ECO2) in the concentration range of 0%-20% (0-150 mm Hg). It can work in both on-line and off-line modes according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society standards. A Tedlar bag with a volume of 5 dm3 is mounted as a BSU sample container. This volume allows us to collect ca. 1-25 selected breath phases. At the user panel, each step of the unit operation is visualized by LED indicators. This helps us to regulate the natural breathing cycle of the patient. There is also an operator's panel to ensure monitoring and configuration setup of the unit parameters. The operation of the breath sampling unit was preliminarily verified using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) laboratory setup. At this setup, volatile organic compounds were extracted by solid phase microextraction. The tests were performed by the comparison of GC/MS signals from both exhaled nitric oxide and isoprene analyses for three breath phases. The functionality of the unit was proven because there was an observed increase in the signal level in the case of the III phase (approximately 40%). The described work made it possible to construct a prototype of a very efficient breath sampling unit dedicated to breath sample analyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szabra
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Prokopiuk
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bielecki
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Wojtas J, Gluszek A, Hudzikowski A, Tittel FK. Mid-Infrared Trace Gas Sensor Technology Based on Intracavity Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17030513. [PMID: 28273836 PMCID: PMC5375799 DOI: 10.3390/s17030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of compact inexpensive trace gas sensor technology to a mid-infrared nitric oxide (NO) detectoion using intracavity quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (I-QEPAS) is reported. A minimum detection limit of 4.8 ppbv within a 30 ms integration time was demonstrated by using a room-temperature, continuous-wave, distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser (QCL) emitting at 5.263 µm (1900.08 cm-1) and a new compact design of a high-finesse bow-tie optical cavity with an integrated resonant quartz tuning fork (QTF). The optimum configuration of the bow-tie cavity was simulated using custom software. Measurements were performed with a wavelength modulation scheme (WM) using a 2f detection procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wojtas
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Gluszek
- Electronics Faculty, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Hudzikowski
- Electronics Faculty, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Frank K Tittel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA.
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27
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Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis for Discrimination from Healthy Subjects. Lung 2017; 195:247-254. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-9979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Wang Y, Jiang J, Hua L, Hou K, Xie Y, Chen P, Liu W, Li Q, Wang S, Li H. High-Pressure Photon Ionization Source for TOFMS and Its Application for Online Breath Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9047-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department
of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Christiansen A, Davidsen JR, Titlestad I, Vestbo J, Baumbach J. A systematic review of breath analysis and detection of volatile organic compounds in COPD. J Breath Res 2016; 10:034002. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/034002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Bayrakli I, Turkmen A, Cem Kockar M. Feasibility Study of Using Breath Ammonia Analysis Based on Off-Axis Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy with External Cavity Diode Laser for Noninvasive Real-Time Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1269-1277. [PMID: 27296306 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816654052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of using breath ammonia analysis based on off-axis cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OA-CEAS) with an external-cavity diode laser (ECL) for noninvasive, real-time diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Analyses are performed for the breath of 15 healthy volunteers, and eight children and 19 adults with HP infection. The range of ammonia levels for healthy participants is determined to be between 178 and 610 ppb, whereas the ranges for child and adult patients with HP infection are measured to be 457-2470 ppb and 450-2990 ppb, respectively. The ammonia concentrations for patients with HP infection are significantly higher than the concentrations for healthy volunteers. However, no sharp boundary between the ammonia concentrations in the breath of patients with HP infection and healthy volunteers is observed. No correlation between breath ammonia and either body mass index (BMI) or age is found. The reported results suggest that our breath ammonia measurement system has the potential for future use in easy, noninvasive diagnosis of HP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Bayrakli
- Suleyman Demirel University, Biomedical Engineering, Bati kampusu, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Turkmen
- Suleyman Demirel University, Biomedical Engineering, Bati kampusu, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Cem Kockar
- Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Dogu kampusu, Isparta, Turkey
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31
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Huang Z, Zhang J, Zhang P, Wang H, Pan Z, Wang L. Analysis of volatile organic compounds in pleural effusions by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with cryotrap gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2544-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Hong Wang
- Respiratory Department; Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Zaifa Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
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32
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Huang Y, Li Y, Luo Z, Duan Y. Investigation of biomarkers for discriminating breast cancer cell lines from normal mammary cell lines based on VOCs analysis and metabolomics. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the volatile organic components of human breast cancer/normal cell lines for fingerprinting and exploring potential VOCs biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
| | - Yu Li
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
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33
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SUZUKI TT, SAKAGUCHI I. Selective Concentration of Ultra-trace Acetone in the Air by Cryogenic Temperature Programmed Desorption (cryo-TPD). ANAL SCI 2016; 32:937-41. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Wojtas J. Application of Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy to the Detection of Nitric Oxide, Carbonyl Sulphide, and Ethane--Breath Biomarkers of Serious Diseases. SENSORS 2015; 15:14356-69. [PMID: 26091398 PMCID: PMC4507679 DOI: 10.3390/s150614356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents one of the laser absorption spectroscopy techniques as an effective tool for sensitive analysis of trace gas species in human breath. Characterization of nitric oxide, carbonyl sulphide and ethane, and the selection of their absorption lines are described. Experiments with some biomarkers showed that detection of pathogenic changes at the molecular level is possible using this technique. Thanks to cavity enhanced spectroscopy application, detection limits at the ppb-level and short measurements time (<3 s) were achieved. Absorption lines of reference samples of the selected volatile biomarkers were probed using a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser and a tunable laser system consisting of an optical parametric oscillator and difference frequency generator. Setup using the first source provided a detection limit of 30 ppb for nitric oxide and 250 ppb for carbonyl sulphide. During experiments employing a second laser, detection limits of 0.9 ppb and 0.3 ppb were obtained for carbonyl sulphide and ethane, respectively. The conducted experiments show that this type of diagnosis would significantly increase chances for effective therapy of some diseases. Additionally, it offers non-invasive and real time measurements, high sensitivity and selectivity as well as minimizing discomfort for patients. For that reason, such sensors can be used in screening for early detection of serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wojtas
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego Str., Warsaw 00-908, Poland.
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35
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Fischer S, Trefz P, Bergmann A, Steffens M, Ziller M, Miekisch W, Schubert JS, Köhler H, Reinhold P. Physiological variability in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath and released from faeces due to nutrition and somatic growth in a standardized caprine animal model. J Breath Res 2015; 9:027108. [PMID: 25971714 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/2/027108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physiological effects may change volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations and may therefore act as confounding factors in the definition of VOCs as disease biomarkers. To evaluate the extent of physiological background variability, this study assessed the effects of feed composition and somatic growth on VOC patterns in a standardized large animal model. Fifteen clinically healthy goats were followed during their first year of life. VOCs present in the headspace over faeces, exhaled breath and ambient air inside the stable were repeatedly assessed in parallel with the concentrations of glucose, protein, and albumin in venous blood. VOCs were collected and analysed using solid-phase or needle-trap microextraction and gas chromatograpy together with mass spectroscopy. The concentrations of VOCs in exhaled breath and above faeces varied significantly with increasing age of the animals. The largest variations in volatiles detected in the headspace over faeces occurred with the change from milk feeding to plant-based diet. VOCs above faeces and in exhaled breath correlated significantly with blood components. Among VOCs exhaled, the strongest correlations were found between exhaled nonanal concentrations and blood concentrations of glucose and albumin. Results stress the importance of a profound knowledge of the physiological backgrounds of VOC composition before defining reliable and accurate marker sets for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis at 'Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut' (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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36
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Ligor T, Pater Ł, Buszewski B. Application of an artificial neural network model for selection of potential lung cancer biomarkers. J Breath Res 2015; 9:027106. [PMID: 25944812 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/2/027106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath samples of lung cancer patients and healthy controls was carried out by SPME-GC/MS (solid phase microextraction- gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry) analyses. In order to compensate for the volatile exogenous contaminants, ambient air blank samples were also collected and analyzed. We recruited a total of 123 patients with biopsy-confirmed lung cancer and 361 healthy controls to find the potential lung cancer biomarkers. Automatic peak deconvolution and identification were performed using chromatographic data processing software (AMDIS with NIST database). All of the VOCs sample data operation, storage and management were performed using the SQL (structured query language) relational database. The selected eight VOCs could be possible biomarker candidates. In cross-validation on test data sensitivity was 63.5% and specificity 72.4% AUC 0.65. The low performance of the model has been mainly due to overfitting and the exogenous VOCs that exist in breath. The dedicated software implementing a multilayer neural network using a genetic algorithm for training was built. Further work is needed to confirm the performance of the created experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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37
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In vivo and ex vivo SPME: a low invasive sampling and sample preparation tool in clinical bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2015; 6:1227-39. [PMID: 24946923 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is well-established technology in bioanalysis. Current review discusses the features of SPME, which determine the non- or low-invasiveness of the method in biomedical analysis. In the first section we analyze the factors, which have significant influence on the SPME sampling device performance in the view of sampling safety and efficiency. In the later sections applicability of various SPME approaches for analysis of easily accessible samples routinely used for analysis (e.g., urine, blood) as well as limited availability samples (tissues) is discussed. Moreover, the examples of sampling alternative matrices such as hair, saliva, sweat or breath are presented. The advantages and limitation of the technology in the view of future development of SPME are also reviewed.
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38
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Bujak R, Struck-Lewicka W, Markuszewski MJ, Kaliszan R. Metabolomics for laboratory diagnostics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 113:108-20. [PMID: 25577715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an emerging approach in a systems biology field. Due to continuous development in advanced analytical techniques and in bioinformatics, metabolomics has been extensively applied as a novel, holistic diagnostic tool in clinical and biomedical studies. Metabolome's measurement, as a chemical reflection of a current phenotype of a particular biological system, is nowadays frequently implemented to understand pathophysiological processes involved in disease progression as well as to search for new diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of various organism's disorders. In this review, we discussed the research strategies and analytical platforms commonly applied in the metabolomics studies. The applications of the metabolomics in laboratory diagnostics in the last 5 years were also reviewed according to the type of biological sample used in the metabolome's analysis. We also discussed some limitations and further improvements which should be considered taking in mind potential applications of metabolomic research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bujak
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Gen J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Struck-Lewicka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Gen J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland
| | - Michał J Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Gen J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
| | - Roman Kaliszan
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Gen J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk 80-416, Poland.
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Skeete Z, Cheng H, Crew E, Lin L, Zhao W, Joseph P, Shan S, Cronk H, Luo J, Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhong CJ. Design of functional nanoparticles and assemblies for theranostic applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21752-21768. [PMID: 25111087 DOI: 10.1021/am502693t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured materials have found increasing applications in medical therapies and diagnostics (theranostics). The main challenge is the ability to impart the nanomaterials with structurally tailored functional properties which can effectively target biomolecules but also provide signatures for effective detection. The harnessing of functional nanoparticles and assemblies serves as a powerful strategy for the creation of the structurally tailored multifunctional properties. This article highlights some of the important design strategies in recent investigation of metals (especially gold and silver), and magnetically functionalized nanoparticles, and molecularly assembled or biomolecularly conjugated nanoparticles with tunable optical, spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrical properties for applications in several areas of potential theranostic interests. Examples include colorimetric detection of amino acids and small peptides, surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of biomolecular recognition of proteins and DNAs, delivery in cell transfection and bacteria inactivation, and chemiresistive detection of breath biomarkers. A major emphasis is placed on understanding how the control of the nanostructures and the molecular and biomolecular interactions impact these biofunctional properties, which has important implications for bottom-up designs of theranostic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakiya Skeete
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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40
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Bean HD, Jiménez-Díaz J, Zhu J, Hill JE. Breathprints of model murine bacterial lung infections are linked with immune response. Eur Respir J 2014; 45:181-90. [PMID: 25323243 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00015814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this model study, we explored the host's contribution of breath volatiles to diagnostic secondary electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) breathprints for acute bacterial lung infections, their correlation with the host's immune response, and their use in identifying the lung pathogen. Murine airways were exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cell lysates or to PBS (controls), and their breath and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected at six time points (from 6 to 120 h) after exposure. Five to six mice per treatment group and four to six mice per control group were sampled at each time. Breath volatiles were analysed using SESI-MS and the BALF total leukocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and cytokine concentrations were quantified. Lysate exposure breathprints contain host volatiles that persist for up to 120 h; are pathogen specific; are unique from breathprints of controls, active infections and cleared infections; and are correlated with the host's immune response. Bacterial lung infections induce changes to the host's breath volatiles that are selective and specific predictors of the source of infection. Harnessing the pathogen-specific volatiles in the host's breath may provide useful information for detecting latent bacterial lung infections and managing the spread of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Bean
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Jaime Jiménez-Díaz
- School of Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- School of Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jane E Hill
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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41
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Cheng HW, Luo J, Zhong CJ. An aggregative growth process for controlling size, shape and composition of metal, alloy and core–shell nanoparticles toward desired bioapplications. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6904-6916. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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