1
|
Abouir K, Exquis N, Gloor Y, Daali Y, Samer CF. Phenoconversion Due to Drug-Drug Interactions in CYP2C19 Genotyped Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 116:1121-1129. [PMID: 39075970 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
To compensate for drug response variability, drug metabolism phenotypes are determined based on the results of genetic testing, and if necessary, drug dosages are adjusted. In some cases, discrepancies between predicted and observed phenotypes (phenoconversion) may occur due to drug-drug interactions caused by concomitant medications. We conducted a prospective, exploratory study to evaluate the risk of CYP2C19 phenoconversion in genotyped healthy volunteers exposed to CYP2C19 inhibitors. Three groups of volunteers were enrolled: CYP2C19 g-RM, g-NM, and g-IM (g- for genetically predicted). All volunteers received as CYP2C19 phenotyping substrate 10 mg omeprazole (OME) alone at the control session and in co-administration with CYP2C19 inhibitors: voriconazole 400 mg and fluvoxamine 50 mg in second and third study sessions, respectively. Phenoconversion occurred in over 80% of healthy volunteers, with variations among genotypic groups, revealing distinct proportions in response to fluvoxamine and voriconazole. Statistically significant differences were observed in mean metabolic ratios between CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers (g-IMs) with *1/*2 and *2/*17 genotypes, with the *2/*17 group exhibiting lower ratios, and distinctions were noted between genotypic groups, emphasizing the impact of genetic variations on drug metabolism. When reclassified according to CYP2C19 baseline-measured phenotype into p-RM, p-NM, and p-IM (p- for measured phenotype), we observed 100% phenoconversion of p-RMs and a significant phenotype switch in p-NMs, p-IMs, and p-PMs after fluvoxamine and voriconazole, and complete phenoconversion of p-IMs to p-PMs on both inhibitors, emphasizing the impact of genetic variations on the vulnerability to CYP2C19 phenoconversion and the importance of considering both genotyping and phenotyping in predicting drug response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenza Abouir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Genève 14, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Exquis
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Gloor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Genève 14, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Genève 14, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Flora Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Genève 14, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Genève 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng Y, Wang X, Ghosh A, Pu J, Carayannopoulos LN, Li Y. Assessment of CYP-Mediated Drug Interactions for Enasidenib Based on a Cocktail Study in Patients with Relapse or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome. J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:984-992. [PMID: 38563070 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
As a selective and potent inhibitor targeting the isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) mutant protein, enasidenib obtained approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an IDH2 mutation. In vitro investigations demonstrated that enasidenib affects various drug metabolic enzymes and transporters. This current investigation aimed to assess enasidenib on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of CYP substrates, including dextromethorphan (CYP2D6 probe drug), flurbiprofen (CYP2C9 probe drug), midazolam (CYP3A4 probe drug), omeprazole (CYP2C19 probe drug), and pioglitazone (CYP2C8 probe drug), in patients with AML or myelodysplastic syndrome. Results showed that following the co-administration of enasidenib (100 mg, once daily) for 28 days, the PK parameters AUC(0-∞) and Cmax of dextromethorphan increased by 1.37 (90% confidence interval (CI): 0.96, 1.96) and 1.24 (90% CI: 0.94, 1.65)-fold, respectively, compared to dextromethorphan alone. For flurbiprofen, these parameters increased by 1.14 (90%CI: 1.01, 1.29) and 0.97 (90% CI 0.86, 1.08)-fold, respectively, when compared to flurbiprofen alone. Conversely, midazolam exhibited decreases to 0.57 (90% CI 0.34, 0.97) and 0.77 (90% CI 0.39, 1.53)-fold, respectively, in comparison to midazolam alone. The parameters for omeprazole increased by 1.86 (90% CI: 1.33, 2.60) and 1.47 (0.93, 2.31)-fold, respectively, compared to omeprazole alone, while those for pioglitazone decreased to 0.80 (90% CI: 0.62, 1.03) and 0.87 (90% CI: 0.65, 1.16)-fold, respectively, in comparison to pioglitazone alone. These findings provide valuable insights into dose recommendations concerning drugs acting as substrates of CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP2C8 when administered concurrently with enasidenib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Cheng
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Atalanta Ghosh
- Global Biometrics and Data Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jie Pu
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yan Li
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sobsey CA, Mady N, Richard VR, LeBlanc A, Zakharov T, Borchers CH, Jagoe RT. Measurement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity by a simplified Geneva cocktail approach in a cohort of free-living individuals: a pilot study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1232595. [PMID: 38370474 PMCID: PMC10869543 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1232595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The cytochrome P450 enzyme subfamilies, including CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, have a major role in metabolism of a range of drugs including several anti-cancer treatments. Many factors including environmental exposures, diet, diseaserelated systemic inflammation and certain genetic polymorphisms can impact the activity level of these enzymes. As a result, the net activity of each enzyme subfamily can vary widely between individuals and in the same individual over time. This variability has potential major implications for treatment efficacy and risk of drug toxicity, but currently no assays are available for routine use to guide clinical decision-making. Methods: To address this, a mass spectrometry-based method to measure activities of CYP3A4, CYP1A2 was adapted and tested in free-living participants. The assay results were compared with the predicted activity of each enzyme, based on a self-report tool capturing diet, medication, chronic disease state, and tobacco usage. In addition, a feasibility test was performed using a low-volume dried blood spots (DBS) on two different filter-paper supports, to determine if the same assay could be deployed without the need for repeated standard blood tests. Results: The results confirmed the methodology is safe and feasible to perform in free-living participants using midazolam and caffeine as test substrates for CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 respectively. Furthermore, though similar methods were previously shown to be compatible with the DBS format, the assay can also be performed successfully while incorporating glucuronidase treatment into the DBS approach. The measured CYP3A4 activity score varied 2.6-fold across participants and correlated with predicted activity score obtained with the self-report tool. The measured CYP1A2 activity varied 3.5-fold between participants but no correlation with predicted activity from the self-report tool was found. Discussion: The results confirm the wide variation in CYP activity between individuals and the important role of diet and other exposures in determining CYP3A4 activity. This methodology shows great potential and future cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using DBS are warranted to determine how best to use the assay results to guide drug treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constance A. Sobsey
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Noor Mady
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Peter Brojde Lung Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent R. Richard
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andre LeBlanc
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Zakharov
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Peter Brojde Lung Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R. Thomas Jagoe
- Peter Brojde Lung Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dai HR, Guo HL, Wang WJ, Shen X, Cheng R, Xu J, Hu YH, Ding XS, Chen F. From "wet" matrices to "dry" blood spot sampling strategy: a versatile LC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous monitoring caffeine and its three primary metabolites in preterm infants. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:97-110. [PMID: 37435827 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To update traditional "wet" matrices to dried blood spot (DBS) sampling, based on the liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique, and develop a method for simultaneous analyzing caffeine and its three primary metabolites (theobromine, paraxanthine, and theophylline), supporting routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for preterm infants. METHODS DBS samples were prepared by a two-step quantitative sampling method, i.e., volumetric sampling of a quantitative 10 μL volume of peripheral blood and an 8 mm diameter whole punch extraction by a methanol/water (80/20, v/v) mixture containing 125 mM formic acid. Four paired stable isotope labeled internal standards and a collision energy defect strategy were applied for the method optimization. The method was fully validated following international guidelines and industrial recommendations on DBS analysis. Cross validation with previously developed plasma method was also proceeded. The validated method was then implemented on the TDM for preterm infants. RESULTS The two-step quantitative sampling strategy and a high recovery extraction method were developed and optimized. The method validation results were all within the acceptable criteria. Satisfactory parallelism, concordance, and correlation were observed between DBS and plasma concentrations of the four analytes. The method was applied to provide routine TDM services to 20 preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS A versatile LC-MS/MS platform for simultaneous monitoring caffeine and its three primary metabolites was developed, fully validated, and successfully applied into the routine clinical TDM practices. Sampling method switching from "wet" matrices to "dry" DBS will facilitate and support the precision dosing of caffeine for preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Dai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jun Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xian Shen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodieux F, Storelli F, Curtin F, Manzano S, Gervaix A, Posfay-Barbe KM, Desmeules J, Daali Y, Samer CF. Evaluation of Pupillometry for CYP2D6 Phenotyping in Children Treated with Tramadol. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1227. [PMID: 37765034 PMCID: PMC10537526 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the contraindication of codeine use in children, increasing use of tramadol has been observed in pain management protocols. However, tramadol's pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics are influenced by cytochrome P450 (CYP)2D6 activity, similarly to codeine. Previous studies in adults have demonstrated a correlation between pupillary response and tramadol PK. Our objective was to evaluate pupillometry as a phenotyping method to assess CYP2D6 activity in children treated with tramadol. We included 41 children (mean age 11 years) receiving a first dose of tramadol (2 mg/kg) in the emergency room (ER) as part of their routine care. CYP2D6 phenotyping and genotyping were performed. The concentrations of tramadol and its active metabolite, M1, were measured, and static and dynamic pupillometry was conducted using a handheld pupillometer at the time of tramadol administration and during the ER stay. Pupillometric measurements were obtained for 37 children. Tramadol affected pupillary parameters, with a decrease in pupil diameter in 83.8% of children (p = 0.002) (mean decrease 14.1 ± 16.7%) and a decrease in reflex amplitude constriction in 78.4% (p = 0.011) (mean decrease 17.7 ± 34.5%) at T150 compared to T0. We were unable to identify a correlation between pupillometry measurements and CYP2D6 activity. Likely confounding factors include light intensity, pain, and stress, making the procedure less feasible in paediatric emergency settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Rodieux
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Storelli
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Curtin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Manzano
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology & Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Gervaix
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology & Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klara M. Posfay-Barbe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology & Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline F. Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leuschner M, Cromarty AD. Critical Assessment of Phenotyping Cocktails for Clinical Use in an African Context. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1098. [PMID: 37511712 PMCID: PMC10381848 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interethnic and interindividual variability in in vivo cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-dependent metabolism and altered drug absorption via expressed transport channels such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) contribute to the adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interaction and therapeutic failure seen in clinical practice. A cost-effective phenotyping approach could be advantageous in providing real-time information on in vivo phenotypes to assist clinicians with individualized drug therapy, especially in resource-constrained countries such as South Africa. A number of phenotyping cocktails have been developed and the aim of this study was to critically assess the feasibility of their use in a South African context. A literature search on library databases (including AccessMedicine, BMJ, ClinicalKey, MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Scopus and TOXLINE) was limited to in vivo cocktails used in the human population to phenotype phase I metabolism and/or P-gp transport. The study found that the implementation of phenotyping in clinical practice is currently limited by multiple administration routes, the varying availability of probe drugs, therapeutic doses eliciting side effects, the interaction between probe drugs and extensive sampling procedures. Analytical challenges include complicated sample workup or extraction assays and impractical analytical procedures with low detection limits, analyte sensitivity and specificity. It was concluded that a single time point, non-invasive capillary sampling, combined with a low-dose probe drug cocktail, to simultaneously quantify in vivo drug and metabolite concentrations, would enhance the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of routine phenotyping in clinical practice; however, future research is needed to establish whether the quantitative bioanalysis of drugs in a capillary whole-blood matrix correlates with that of the standard plasma/serum matrixes used as a reference in the current clinical environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Machel Leuschner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
| | - Allan Duncan Cromarty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0084, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghasim H, Rouini M, Safari S, Larti F, Khoshayand M, Gholami K, Neyshaburinezhad N, Gloor Y, Daali Y, Ardakani YH. Impact of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery on Metabolic Enzymes and P-Glycoprotein Activity Using the Geneva Cocktail Approach. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1042. [PMID: 37511655 PMCID: PMC10381895 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The inter-individual variability of CYP450s enzyme activity may be reduced by comparing the effects of bariatric surgery on CYP-mediated drug elimination in comparable patients before and after surgery. The current research will use a low-dose phenotyping cocktail to simultaneously evaluate the activities of six CYP isoforms and P-gp. The results showed that following weight reduction after surgery, the activity of all enzymes increased compared to the obese period, which was statistically significant in the case of CYP3A, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2. Furthermore, the activity of P-gp after surgery decreased without reaching a statistical significance (p-value > 0.05). Obese individuals had decreased CYP3A and CYP2D6 activity compared with the control group, although only CYP3A was statistically important. In addition, there was a trend toward increased activity for CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 in obese patients compared to the control group, without reaching statistical insignificance (p-value ≥ 0.05). After six months (at least), all enzymes and the P-gp pump activity were significantly higher than the control group except for CYP2D6. Ultimately, a greater comprehension of phenoconversion can aid in altering the patient's treatment. Further studies are required to confirm the changes in the metabolic ratios of probes after bariatric surgery to demonstrate the findings' clinical application. As a result, the effects of inflammation-induced phenoconversion on medication metabolism may differ greatly across persons and drug CYP pathways. It is essential to apply these results to the clinic to recommend dose adjustments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Ghasim
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rouini
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Saeed Safari
- Department of General Surgery, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Larti
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Khoshayand
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Kheirollah Gholami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Navid Neyshaburinezhad
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Yvonne Gloor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yalda H Ardakani
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Darnaud L, Delage C, Daali Y, Trouvin AP, Perrot S, Khoudour N, Merise N, Labat L, Etain B, Bellivier F, Lloret-Linares C, Bloch V, Curis E, Declèves X. Phenotyping Indices of CYP450 and P-Glycoprotein in Human Volunteers and in Patients Treated with Painkillers or Psychotropic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030979. [PMID: 36986840 PMCID: PMC10054647 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters are key determinants of drug pharmacokinetics and response. The cocktail-based cytochrome P450 (CYP) and drug transporter phenotyping approach consists in the administration of multiple CYP or transporter-specific probe drugs to determine their activities simultaneously. Several drug cocktails have been developed over the past two decades in order to assess CYP450 activity in human subjects. However, phenotyping indices were mostly established for healthy volunteers. In this study, we first performed a literature review of 27 clinical pharmacokinetic studies using drug phenotypic cocktails in order to determine 95%,95% tolerance intervals of phenotyping indices in healthy volunteers. Then, we applied these phenotypic indices to 46 phenotypic assessments processed in patients having therapeutic issues when treated with painkillers or psychotropic drugs. Patients were given the complete phenotypic cocktail in order to explore the phenotypic activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp activity was evaluated by determining AUC0-6h for plasma concentrations over time of fexofenadine, a well-known substrate of P-gp. CYP metabolic activities were assessed by measuring the CYP-specific metabolite/parent drug probe plasma concentrations, yielding single-point metabolic ratios at 2 h, 3 h, and 6 h or AUC0-6h ratio after oral administration of the cocktail. The amplitude of phenotyping indices observed in our patients was much wider than those observed in the literature for healthy volunteers. Our study helps define the range of phenotyping indices with "normal" activities in human volunteers and allows classification of patients for further clinical studies regarding CYP and P-gp activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Darnaud
- Biologie du Médicament-Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Clément Delage
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Perrot
- Centre de la Douleur, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Nihel Khoudour
- Biologie du Médicament-Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Merise
- Biologie du Médicament-Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, 75679 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Labat
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpital GHU Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Hôpital GHU Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Vanessa Bloch
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, UR 7537 BioSTM, 75006 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Biologie du Médicament-Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St. Jacques, 75679 Paris, France
- Faculty of Health, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neyshaburinezhad N, Shirzad N, Rouini M, Namazi S, Khoshayand M, Esteghamati A, Nakhjavani M, Ghasim H, Gloor Y, Daali Y, Ardakani YH. Evaluation of important human CYP450 isoforms and P-glycoprotein phenotype changes and genotype in type 2 diabetic patients, before and after intensifying treatment regimen using Geneva cocktail. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 132:487-499. [PMID: 36734157 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the influence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on important CYP450 (CYP) isoforms and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transporter activities before and 3 months after an intensifying treatment regimen involving 40 patients. Results have been compared with 21 non-T2D healthy participants (the control group). CYPs and Pgp activities were assessed after administering the Geneva cocktail. The mean metabolic ratios (MR) for CYP2B6 (1.81 ± 0.93 versus 2.68 ± 0.87), CYP2C19 (0.420 ± 0.360 versus 0.687 ± 0.558) and CYP3A4/5 (0.487 ± 0.226 versus 0.633 ± 0.254) significantly decreased in T2D patients compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CYP2C9 (0.089 ± 0.037 versus 0.069 ± 0.017) activities slightly increased in diabetic patients, and no difference was observed regarding CYP1A2 (0.154 ± 0.085 versus 0.136 ± 0.065), CYP2D6 (1.17 ± 0.56 versus 1.24 ± 0.83), and Pgp activities in comparison to the control group. Three months after the intensifying treatment regimen, MRs of CYP2C9 (0.080 ± 0.030) and CYP3A4/5 (0.592 ± 0.268) improved significantly and were not statistically different compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Several covariables, such as inflammatory markers (IL-1β and IL-6), genotypes, diabetes and demographic-related factors, were considered in the analyses. The results indicate that chronic inflammatory status associated with T2D modulates CYP450 activities in an isoform-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Neyshaburinezhad
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Shirzad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rouini
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soha Namazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Khoshayand
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hengameh Ghasim
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yvonne Gloor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yalda H Ardakani
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mouterde M, Daali Y, Rollason V, Čížková M, Mulugeta A, Al Balushi KA, Fakis G, Constantinidis TC, Al-Thihli K, Černá M, Makonnen E, Boukouvala S, Al-Yahyaee S, Yimer G, Černý V, Desmeules J, Poloni ES. Joint Analysis of Phenotypic and Genomic Diversity Sheds Light on the Evolution of Xenobiotic Metabolism in Humans. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6852765. [PMID: 36445690 PMCID: PMC9750130 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in genes involved in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs (ADME) can influence individual response to a therapeutic treatment. The study of ADME genetic diversity in human populations has led to evolutionary hypotheses of adaptation to distinct chemical environments. Population differentiation in measured drug metabolism phenotypes is, however, scarcely documented, often indirectly estimated via genotype-predicted phenotypes. We administered seven probe compounds devised to target six cytochrome P450 enzymes and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity to assess phenotypic variation in four populations along a latitudinal transect spanning over Africa, the Middle East, and Europe (349 healthy Ethiopian, Omani, Greek, and Czech volunteers). We demonstrate significant population differentiation for all phenotypes except the one measuring CYP2D6 activity. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) evidenced that the variability of phenotypes measuring CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 activity was associated with genetic variants linked to the corresponding encoding genes, and additional genes for the latter three. Instead, GWAS did not indicate any association between genetic diversity and the phenotypes measuring CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and P-gp activity. Genome scans of selection highlighted multiple candidate regions, a few of which included ADME genes, but none overlapped with the GWAS candidates. Our results suggest that different mechanisms have been shaping the evolution of these phenotypes, including phenotypic plasticity, and possibly some form of balancing selection. We discuss how these contrasting results highlight the diverse evolutionary trajectories of ADME genes and proteins, consistent with the wide spectrum of both endogenous and exogenous molecules that are their substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Rollason
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martina Čížková
- Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anwar Mulugeta
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Khalid A Al Balushi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Giannoulis Fakis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Khalid Al-Thihli
- Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Marie Černá
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sotiria Boukouvala
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Said Al-Yahyaee
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Getnet Yimer
- Center for Global Genomics & Health Equity, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Viktor Černý
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cytochromes P450 and P-Glycoprotein Phenotypic Assessment to Optimize Psychotropic Pharmacotherapy: A Retrospective Analysis of Four Years of Practice in Psychiatry. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111869. [PMID: 36579580 PMCID: PMC9693601 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered cytochromes P450 enzymes (CYP) and P-glycoprotein transporter (P-gp) activity may explain variabilities in drug response. In this study, we analyzed four years of phenotypic assessments of CYP/P-gp activities to optimize pharmacotherapy in psychiatry. A low-dose probe cocktail was administered to evaluate CYP1A2, 2B6, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4, and P-gp activities using the probe/metabolite concentration ratio in blood or the AUC. A therapeutic adjustment was suggested depending on the phenotyping results. From January 2017 to June 2021, we performed 32 phenotypings, 10 for adverse drug reaction, 6 for non-response, and 16 for both reasons. Depending on the CYP/P-gp evaluated, only 23% to 56% of patients had normal activity. Activity was decreased in up to 57% and increased in up to 60% of cases, depending on the CYP/P-gp evaluated. In 11/32 cases (34%), the therapeutic problem was attributable to the patient's metabolic profile. In 10/32 cases (31%), phenotyping excluded the metabolic profile as the cause of the therapeutic problem. For all ten individuals for which we had follow-up information, phenotyping allowed us to clearly state or clearly exclude the metabolic profile as a possible cause of therapeutic failure. Among them, seven showed a clinical improvement after dosage adaptation, or drug or pharmacological class switching. Our study confirmed the interest of CYP and P-gp phenotyping for therapeutic optimization in psychiatry.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gloor Y, Lloret-Linares C, Bosilkovska M, Perroud N, Richard-Lepouriel H, Aubry JM, Daali Y, Desmeules JA, Besson M. Drug metabolic enzyme genotype-phenotype discrepancy: High phenoconversion rate in patients treated with antidepressants. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113202. [PMID: 35653884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes from the P450 family (CYP) play a central role in the primary metabolism of frequently prescribed antidepressants, potentially affecting their efficacy and tolerance. There are however important differences in the drug metabolic capacities of each individual resulting from a combination of intrinsic and environmental factors. This variability can present an important risk for patients and increases the difficulty of drug prescription in clinical practice. Pharmacogenetic studies have uncovered a number of alleles defining the intrinsic metabolizer status, however, additional factors affecting cytochrome activity can modify this activity and result in a phenoconversion. The present study investigates the discrepancy between the genetically predicted and actually measured activities for the six most important liver cytochromes (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) in a cohort of patients under antidepressant treatment, previously shown to have a high proportion of patients with low metabolizing activities. We now performed the genetic characterization of this cohort to determine the extent of the genetic versus environmental contribution in these decreased activities. For all enzyme tested, we observed an important rate of phenoconversion, affecting between 33 % and 65 % of the patients, as well as a significant (p < 1E-06) global reduction in the effective but not predicted activities of CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 compared to the general population. Our results highlight the advantages of phenotyping versus genotyping as well as the increased risk of treatment failure or adverse effect occurrence in a polymedicated population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Gloor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - C Lloret-Linares
- Department of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Pays de Savoie Private Hospital, Annemasse, France
| | - M Bosilkovska
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthetics Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Perroud
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Richard-Lepouriel
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J-M Aubry
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthetics Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J A Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthetics Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Besson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthetics Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Achour B, Gosselin P, Terrier J, Gloor Y, Al-Majdoub ZM, Polasek TM, Daali Y, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Reny JL. Liquid Biopsy for Patient Characterization in Cardiovascular Disease: Verification against Markers of Cytochrome P450 and P-Glycoprotein Activities. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 111:1268-1277. [PMID: 35262906 PMCID: PMC9313840 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precision dosing strategies require accounting for between-patient variability in pharmacokinetics together with subsequent pharmacodynamic differences. Liquid biopsy is a valuable new approach to diagnose disease prior to the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms, potentially circumventing invasive tissue biopsies. However, the possibility of quantitative grading of biomarkers, as opposed to simply confirming their presence or absence, is relatively new. In this study, we aimed to verify expression measurements of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and the transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in liquid biopsy against genotype and activity phenotype (assessed by the Geneva cocktail approach) in 30 acutely ill patients with cardiovascular disease in a hospital setting. After accounting for exosomal shedding, expression in liquid biopsy correlated with activity phenotype for CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP3A, and P-gp (r = 0.44-0.70, P ≤ 0.05). Although genotype offered a degree of stratification, large variability (coefficient of variation (CV)) in activity (up to 157%) and expression in liquid biopsy (up to 117%) was observed within each genotype, indicating a mismatch between genotype and phenotype. Further, exosome screening revealed expression of 497 targets relevant to drug metabolism and disposition (159 enzymes and 336 transporters), as well as 20 molecular drug targets. Although there were no functional data available to correlate against these large-scale measurements, assessment of disease perturbation from healthy baseline was possible. Verification of liquid biopsy against activity phenotype is important to further individualize modeling approaches that aspire to achieve precision dosing from the start of drug treatment without the need for multiple rounds of dose optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Achour
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pauline Gosselin
- General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Terrier
- General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Gloor
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zubida M Al-Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas M Polasek
- Certara, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Youssef Daali
- Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Certara, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Reny
- General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Magliocco G, Desmeules J, Samer CF, Thomas A, Daali Y. Evaluation of CYP1A2 activity: Relationship between the endogenous urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin to melatonin ratio and paraxanthine to caffeine ratio in dried blood spots. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1482-1491. [PMID: 35338582 PMCID: PMC9199893 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The suitability of the endogenous 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin urinary metabolic ratio as a surrogate for the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio to predict cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity was assessed in this study. Twelve healthy volunteers completed four study sessions spread over 1 month (including overnight urine collection with first morning voids collected separately). Except for the third session, volunteers were asked to abstain from methylxanthine‐containing beverages and foods at least 24 h before urine collection. At the end of urine collection, subjects were given a caffeinated beverage and capillary blood samples were collected 2 h after the drink administration. A significant linear relationship between the 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin ratios from 12‐h urine samples and first morning voids was observed (R2 = 0.876, p < 0.0001). In contrast to the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio, consumption of methylxanthine‐containing beverages during session three did not significantly influence the 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin ratios compared with the other sessions requiring abstinence from caffeine. A larger intra‐ and interindividual variability in the 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin ratios compared with the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio was also observed. A very weak correlation was observed between the paraxanthine/caffeine ratio and both of the endogenous 6‐hydroxymelatonin/melatonin ratios (Pearson r < 0.35, p < 0.05). All these results question whether this endogenous metric could adequately reflect CYP1A2 activity or substitute for the probe caffeine. Additional studies with larger study samples are needed to examine this endogenous metric in more details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Magliocco
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Flora Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Unit of Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CURML, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lenoir C, Terrier J, Gloor Y, Gosselin P, Daali Y, Combescure C, Desmeules JA, Samer CF, Reny JL, Rollason V. Impact of the Genotype and Phenotype of CYP3A and P-gp on the Apixaban and Rivaroxaban Exposure in a Real-World Setting. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040526. [PMID: 35455642 PMCID: PMC9028714 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apixaban and rivaroxaban are the two most prescribed direct factor Xa inhibitors. With the increased use of DOACs in real-world settings, safety and efficacy concerns have emerged, particularly regarding their concomitant use with other drugs. Increasing evidence highlights drug−drug interactions with CYP3A/P-gp modulators leading to adverse events. However, current recommendations for dose adjustment do not consider CYP3A/P-gp genotype and phenotype. We aimed to determine their impact on apixaban and rivaroxaban blood exposure. Three-hundred hospitalized patients were included. CYP3A and P-gp phenotypic activities were assessed by the metabolic ratio of midazolam and AUC0−6h of fexofenadine, respectively. Relevant CYP3A and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms were also tested. Capillary blood samples collected at four time-points after apixaban or rivaroxaban administration allowed the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters. According to the developed multivariable linear regression models, P-gp activity (p < 0.001) and creatinine clearance (CrCl) (p = 0.01) significantly affected apixaban AUC0−6h. P-gp activity (p < 0.001) also significantly impacted rivaroxaban AUC0−6h. The phenotypic switch (from normal to poor metabolizer) of P-gp led to an increase of apixaban and rivaroxaban AUC0−6h by 16% and 25%, respectively, equivalent to a decrease of 38 mL/min in CrCl according to the apixaban model. CYP3A phenotype and tested SNPs of CYP3A/P-gp had no significant impact. In conclusion, P-gp phenotypic activity, rather than known CYP3A/P-gp polymorphisms, could be relevant for dose adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lenoir
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.T.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (J.A.D.); (C.F.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Terrier
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.T.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (J.A.D.); (C.F.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.G.); (J.-L.R.)
- Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Gloor
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.T.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (J.A.D.); (C.F.S.)
| | - Pauline Gosselin
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.G.); (J.-L.R.)
- Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.T.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (J.A.D.); (C.F.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Christophe Combescure
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Alexandre Desmeules
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.T.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (J.A.D.); (C.F.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Caroline Flora Samer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.T.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (J.A.D.); (C.F.S.)
- Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Jean-Luc Reny
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (P.G.); (J.-L.R.)
- Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Victoria Rollason
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.T.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (J.A.D.); (C.F.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guinchat V, Ansermot N, Ing Lorenzini K, Politis D, Daali Y, Eap CB, Crettol S. Case Report: Opioid Use Disorder Associated With Low/Moderate Dose of Loperamide in an Intellectual Disability Patient With CYP3A and P-Glycoprotein Reduced Activity. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:910684. [PMID: 35815036 PMCID: PMC9261480 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.910684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loperamide is an over-the-counter antidiarrheal for which increasing cases of abuse or misuse are described. We report the onset of opioid use disorder associated with low to moderate doses of loperamide in an intellectual disability patient without previous history of substance use disorder (SUD). Our patient presented strongly reduced activities of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein, which are mainly involved in loperamide metabolism and transport. We suggest that this led to an increase in bioavailability, systemic exposure, and brain penetration thus allowing loperamide to act on the central nervous system and contributing to the development of SUD. Slow release oral morphine (SROM) was chosen as opioid agonist treatment, which successfully contained loperamide use and globally improved her clinical condition. This situation highlights the need for caution and awareness when prescribing loperamide, particularly in vulnerable patients with few cognitive resources to understand the risks of self-medication and little insight into its effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Guinchat
- Psychiatric Section of Mental Development, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ansermot
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kuntheavy Ing Lorenzini
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Politis
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chin B Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Séverine Crettol
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghasim H, Rouini M, Gholami K, Larti F, Safari S, Ardakani YH. Evaluation of phenoconversion phenomenon in obese patients: the effects of bariatric surgery on the CYP450 activity "a protocol for a case-control pharmacokinetic study". J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:2085-2092. [PMID: 34900844 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Personalized therapy suggests the appropriate drug at the right dose for the first time through genotype-based individualized therapy, instead of prescribing medicines by the traditional one-size-fits-all manner, thereby claiming that it will make medicines safer and more effective. Accordingly, polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), which induce inter-individual variability in the pharmacokinetics of a drug, have attracted great interest in the context of personalized medicine. Obesity is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, including Iran, and the prevalence is increasing according to predictions. The remarkable role of P450 cytochromes has been verified in the metabolism of numerous drugs, toxins, carcinogen compounds, and the synthesis of some intrinsic compounds, such as steroid hormones. Thus, evaluating the activity of these enzymes is of great importance because any functionality variation can lead to failure in the treatment or unwanted side effects of some drugs. Therefore, any change in the activity of these enzymes in obese patients can also be problematic in the treatment process of these patients in comparison to normal weighted ones. Since only a few human studies have examined the role of inflammation in altering the function of these enzymes, it seems to be necessary to investigate the effect of obesity on the expression and activity of these enzymes; in which the role of inflammatory processes has been proven. Most importantly, it is worth evaluating changes in the activity levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and the inflammatory cytokines after a course of post-surgical treatment and weight loss. To evaluate the activity of CYPs, a multi-drug cocktail is prescribed to obese patients before and after obesity surgery, as well as to healthy volunteers, to provide simultaneous evaluation of different isoforms. A complete demographic data, medical examinations, laboratory tests, and the CYPs genotype of all participants can be extremely important during this investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Ghasim
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rouini
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kheirollah Gholami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Larti
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Safari
- Department of General Surgery, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda H Ardakani
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 1417614411, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lenoir C, Niederer A, Rollason V, Desmeules JA, Daali Y, Samer CF. Prediction of cytochromes P450 3A and 2C19 modulation by both inflammation and drug interactions using physiologically based pharmacokinetics. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 11:30-43. [PMID: 34791831 PMCID: PMC8752107 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotics can interact with cytochromes P450 (CYPs), resulting in drug-drug interactions, but CYPs can also contribute to drug-disease interactions, especially in the case of inflammation, which downregulates CYP activities through pretranscriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key proinflammatory cytokine, is mainly responsible for this effect. The aim of our study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to foresee the impact of elevated IL-6 levels in combination with drug interactions with esomeprazole on CYP3A and CYP2C19. Data from a cohort of elective hip surgery patients whose CYP3A and CYP2C19 activities were measured before and after surgery were used to validate the accurate prediction of the developed models. Successive steps were to fit models for IL-6, esomeprazole, and omeprazole and its metabolite from the literature and to validate them. The models for midazolam and its metabolite were obtained from the literature. When appropriate, a correction factor was applied to convert drug concentrations from whole blood to plasma. Mean ratios between simulated and observed areas under the curve for omeprazole/5-hydroxy omeprazole, esomeprazole, and IL-6 were 1.53, 1.06, and 0.69, respectively, indicating an accurate prediction of the developed models. The impact of IL-6 and esomeprazole on the exposure to CYP3A and CYP2C19 probe substrates and respective metabolites were correctly predicted. Indeed, the ratio between predicted and observed mean concentrations were <2 for all observations (ranging from 0.51 to 1.7). The impact of IL-6 and esomeprazole on CYP3A and CYP2C19 activities after a hip surgery were correctly predicted with the developed PBPK models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lenoir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amine Niederer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Rollason
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Alexandre Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Flora Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
McBride GM, Meakin AS, Soo JY, Darby JRT, Varcoe TJ, Bradshaw EL, Lock MC, Holman SL, Saini BS, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Berry MJ, Wiese MD, Morrison JL. Intrauterine growth restriction alters the activity of drug metabolising enzymes in the maternal-placental-fetal unit. Life Sci 2021; 285:120016. [PMID: 34614415 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ten percent of pregnancies are affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and evidence suggests that affected neonates have reduced activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug metabolising enzymes. Given that almost all pregnant individuals take medications and additional medications are often required during an IUGR pregnancy, we aimed to determine the impact of IUGR on hepatic CYP activity in sheep fetuses and pregnant ewes. METHODS Specific probes were used to determine the impact of IUGR on the activity of several CYP isoenzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A) in sheep fetuses and pregnant ewes. Probes were administered intravenously to the ewe at 132 days (d) gestation (term 150 d), followed by blood sampling from the maternal and fetal circulation over 24 h. Maternal and fetal liver tissue was collected at 139-140 d gestation, from which microsomes were isolated and incubated with probes. Metabolite and maternal plasma cortisol concentrations were measured using Liquid Chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Maternal plasma cortisol concentration and maternal hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP3A activity was significantly higher in IUGR pregnancies. Maternal hepatic CYP activity was higher than fetal hepatic CYP activity for all CYPs tested, and there was minimal CYP1A2 or CYP3A activity in the late gestation fetus when assessed using in vitro methods. CONCLUSIONS The physiological changes to the maternal-placental-fetal unit in an IUGR pregnancy have significant effects on maternal drug metabolism, suggesting changes in medications and/or doses may be required to optimise maternal and fetal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace M McBride
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Tamara J Varcoe
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Emma L Bradshaw
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | | | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Mike Seed
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mary J Berry
- University of Otago, Wellington, NZ 6242, New Zealand
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Australia; Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lenoir C, Terrier J, Gloor Y, Curtin F, Rollason V, Desmeules JA, Daali Y, Reny JL, Samer CF. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) on Cytochromes P450 Activity Assessed by the Geneva Cocktail. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:1358-1367. [PMID: 34473836 PMCID: PMC8653122 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, is a severe acute respiratory syndrome with an underlying inflammatory state. We have previously demonstrated that acute inflammation modulates cytochromes P450 (CYPs) activity in an isoform‐specific manner. We therefore hypothesized that COVID‐19 might also impact CYP activity, and thus aimed to evaluate the impact of acute inflammation in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the six main human CYPs activity. This prospective observational study was conducted in 28 patients hospitalized at the Geneva University Hospitals (Switzerland) with a diagnosis of moderate to severe COVID‐19. They received the Geneva phenotyping cocktail orally during the first 72 hours of hospitalization and after 3 months. Capillary blood samples were collected 2 hours after cocktail administration to assess the metabolic ratios (MRs) of CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A. C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels were also measured in blood. CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A MRs decreased by 52.6% (P = 0.0001), 74.7% (P = 0.0006), and 22.8% (P = 0.045), respectively, in patients with COVID‐19. CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 MRs increased by 101.1% (P = 0.009) and 55.8% (P = 0.0006), respectively. CYP2D6 MR variation did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.072). As expected, COVID‐19 was a good acute inflammation model as mean serum levels of CRP, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were significantly (P < 0.001) higher during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. CYP activity are modulated in an isoform‐specific manner by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The pharmacokinetics of CYP substrates, whether used to treat the disease or as the usual treatment of patients, could be therefore clinically impacted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lenoir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Terrier
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Gloor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Curtin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Personalized Health and Related Technologies, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Rollason
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Alexandre Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Reny
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Flora Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mai Y, Dou L, Yao Z, Madla CM, Gavins FKH, Taherali F, Yin H, Orlu M, Murdan S, Basit AW. Quantification of P-Glycoprotein in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Humans and Rodents: Methodology, Gut Region, Sex, and Species Matter. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1895-1904. [PMID: 33886332 PMCID: PMC8289313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Intestinal efflux
transporters affect the gastrointestinal processing
of many drugs but further data on their intestinal expression levels
are required. Relative mRNA expression and relative and absolute protein
expression data of transporters are commonly measured by real-time
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and mass spectrometry-based
targeted proteomics techniques. All of these methods, however, have
their own strengths and limitations, and therefore, validation for
optimized quantification methods is needed. As such, the identification
of the most appropriate technique is necessary to effectively translate
preclinical findings to first-in-human trials. In this study, the
mRNA expression and protein levels of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein
(P-gp) in jejunal and ileal epithelia of 30 male and female human
subjects, and the duodenal, jejunal, ileal and colonic tissues in
48 Wistar rats were quantified using RT-PCR, Western blot and liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A similar sex
difference was observed in the expression of small intestinal P-gp
in humans and Wistar rats where P-gp was higher in males than females
with an increasing trend from the proximal to the distal parts in
both species. A strong positive linear correlation was determined
between the Western blot data and LC-MS/MS data in the small intestine
of humans (R2 = 0.85). Conflicting results,
however, were shown in rat small intestinal and colonic P-gp expression
between the techniques (R2 = 0.29 and
0.05, respectively). In RT-PCR and Western blot, an internal reference
protein is experimentally required; here, beta-actin was used which
is innately variable along the intestinal tract. Quantification via
LC-MS/MS can provide data on P-gp expression without the need for
an internal reference protein and consequently, can give higher confidence
on the expression levels of P-gp along the intestinal tract. Overall,
these findings highlight similar trends between the species and suggest
that the Wistar rat is an appropriate preclinical animal model to
predict the oral drug absorption of P-gp substrates in the human small
intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mai
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liu Dou
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Christine M Madla
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Francesca K H Gavins
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Farhan Taherali
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Heyue Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Sudaxshina Murdan
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Magliocco G, Desmeules J, Bosilkovska M, Thomas A, Daali Y. The 1β-Hydroxy-Deoxycholic Acid to Deoxycholic Acid Urinary Metabolic Ratio: Toward a Phenotyping of CYP3A Using an Endogenous Marker? J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020150. [PMID: 33672438 PMCID: PMC7923269 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the potential use of the 1β-hydroxy-deoxycholic acid (1β-OH-DCA) to deoxycholic acid (DCA) urinary metabolic ratio (UMR) as a CYP3A metric in ten male healthy volunteers. Midazolam (MDZ) 1 mg was administered orally at three sessions: alone (control session), after pre-treatment with fluvoxamine 50 mg (12 h and 2 h prior to MDZ administration), and voriconazole 400 mg (2 h before MDZ administration) (inhibition session), and after a 7-day pre-treatment with the inducer rifampicin 600 mg (induction session). The 1β-OH-DCA/DCA UMR was measured at each session, and correlations with MDZ metrics were established. At baseline, the 1β-OH-DCA/DCA UMR correlated significantly with oral MDZ clearance (r = 0.652, p = 0.041) and Cmax (r = -0.652, p = 0.041). In addition, the modulation of CYP3A was reflected in the 1β-OH-DCA/DCA UMR after the intake of rifampicin (induction ratio = 11.4, p < 0.01). During the inhibition session, a non-significant 22% decrease in 1β-OH-DCA/DCA was observed (p = 0.275). This result could be explained by the short duration of CYP3A inhibitors intake fixed in our clinical trial. Additional studies, particularly involving CYP3A inhibition for a longer period and larger sample sizes, are needed to confirm the 1β-OH-DCA/DCA metric as a suitable CYP3A biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Magliocco
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marija Bosilkovska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, CURML, 1000 Lausanne University Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, Lausanne, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.M.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lenoir C, Daali Y, Rollason V, Curtin F, Gloor Y, Bosilkovska M, Walder B, Gabay C, Nissen MJ, Desmeules JA, Hannouche D, Samer CF. Impact of Acute Inflammation on Cytochromes P450 Activity Assessed by the Geneva Cocktail. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 109:1668-1676. [PMID: 33341941 PMCID: PMC8247903 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are subject to important interindividual variability in their activity due to genetic and environmental factors and some diseases. Limited human data support the idea that inflammation downregulates CYP activities. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of orthopedic surgery (acute inflammation model) on the activity of six human CYP. This prospective observational study was conducted in 30 patients who underwent elective hip surgery at the Geneva University Hospitals in Switzerland. The Geneva phenotyping cocktail containing caffeine, bupropion, flurbiprofen, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, and midazolam as probe drugs respectively assessing CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A activities was administered orally before surgery, day 1 (D1) and 3 (D3) postsurgery and at discharge. Capillary blood samples were collected 2 hours after cocktail intake to assess metabolic ratios (MRs). Serum inflammatory markers (CRP, IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ) were also measured in blood. CYP1A2 MRs decreased by 53% (P < 0.0001) between baseline and the nadir at D1. CYP2C19 and CYP3A activities (MRs) decreased by 57% (P = 0.0002) and 61% (P < 0.0001), respectively, with the nadir at D3. CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 MRs increased by 120% (P < 0.0001) and 79% (P = 0.018), respectively, and peaked at D1. Surgery did not have a significant impact on CYP2D6 MR. Hip surgery was a good acute inflammation model as CRP, IL‐6, and TNF‐α peak levels were reached between D1 and day 2 (D2). Acute inflammation modulated CYP activity in an isoform‐specific manner, with different magnitudes and kinetics. Acute inflammation may thus have a clinically relevant impact on the pharmacokinetics of these CYP substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lenoir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Rollason
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Curtin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Gloor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marija Bosilkovska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Walder
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael John Nissen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Alexandre Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Hannouche
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Flora Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rollason V, Lloret-Linares C, Lorenzini KI, Daali Y, Gex-Fabry M, Piguet V, Besson M, Samer C, Desmeules J. Evaluation of Phenotypic and Genotypic Variations of Drug Metabolising Enzymes and Transporters in Chronic Pain Patients Facing Adverse Drug Reactions or Non-Response to Analgesics: A Retrospective Study. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E198. [PMID: 33121061 PMCID: PMC7711785 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study evaluates the link between an adverse drug reaction (ADR) or a non-response to treatment and cytochromes P450 (CYP), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in patients taking analgesic drugs for chronic pain. Patients referred to a pain center for an ADR or a non-response to an analgesic drug between January 2005 and November 2014 were included. The genotype and/or phenotype was obtained for assessment of the CYPs, P-gp or COMT activities. The relation between the event and the result of the genotype and/or phenotype was evaluated using a semi-quantitative scale. Our analysis included 243 individual genotypic and/or phenotypic explorations. Genotypes/phenotypes were mainly assessed because of an ADR (n = 145, 59.7%), and the majority of clinical situations were observed with prodrug opioids (n = 148, 60.9%). The probability of a link between an ADR or a non-response and the genotypic/phenotypic status of the patient was evaluated as intermediate to high in 40% and 28.2% of all cases, respectively. The drugs in which the probability of an association was the strongest were the prodrug opioids, with an intermediate to high link in 45.6% of the cases for occurrence of ADRs and 36.0% of the cases for non-response. This study shows that the genotypic and phenotypic approach is useful to understand ADRs or therapeutic resistance to a usual therapeutic dosage, and can be part of the evaluation of chronic pain patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rollason
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.I.L.); (Y.D.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (C.S.); (J.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Célia Lloret-Linares
- Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Pays de Savoie, Maladies Nutritionnelles et Métaboliques, 74000 Annemasse, France;
| | - Kuntheavy Ing Lorenzini
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.I.L.); (Y.D.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (C.S.); (J.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.I.L.); (Y.D.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (C.S.); (J.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Gex-Fabry
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Geneva University Hospitals, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland;
| | - Valérie Piguet
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.I.L.); (Y.D.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (C.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Marie Besson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.I.L.); (Y.D.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (C.S.); (J.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.I.L.); (Y.D.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (C.S.); (J.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (K.I.L.); (Y.D.); (V.P.); (M.B.); (C.S.); (J.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
An improved cytochrome P450 phenotyping cocktail with a simplified and highly sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS assay in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1140:122013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Samer CF, Gloor Y, Rollason V, Guessous I, Doffey‐Lazeyras F, Saurat J, Sorg O, Desmeules J, Daali Y. Cytochrome P450 1A2 activity and incidence of thyroid disease and cancer after chronic or acute exposure to dioxins. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126:296-303. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Flora Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Acute Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology Geneva Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Gloor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Acute Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Victoria Rollason
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Acute Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland
| | - Idris Guessous
- Division of Primary Care Medicine Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Doffey‐Lazeyras
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Acute Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Hilaire Saurat
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology Geneva Switzerland
| | - Olivier Sorg
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Acute Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology Geneva Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Acute Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology Geneva Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Presoaking dried blood spot with water improves efficiency for small-molecule analysis. Biotechniques 2019; 67:219-228. [PMID: 31631689 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current method of extracting small molecules from dried blood spots (DBSs) and liquid blood is similar. However, owing to their different physical characteristics, a modification of the extraction process for DBS is required. We propose a modified method involving presoaking in water that results in better extraction efficiency for small-molecule analysis than the conventional protein precipitation method. Using blood and DBSs from eight subjects, the similarities, recovery rates and extraction efficiencies of both methods were compared. Quantitative analysis showed that seven and six out of ten conditions for the modified method group exhibited almost 100% recovery and extraction efficiency rates, respectively, compared with the conventional method group. Taken together, the results suggest that a presoaking step is needed for efficient DBS analysis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bosilkovska M, Magliocco G, Desmeules J, Samer C, Daali Y. Interaction between Fexofenadine and CYP Phenotyping Probe Drugs in Geneva Cocktail. J Pers Med 2019; 9:jpm9040045. [PMID: 31581637 PMCID: PMC6963818 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug metabolic enzymes and transporters are responsible for an important variability in drug disposition. The cocktail approach is a sound strategy for the simultaneous evaluation of several enzyme and transporter activities for a personalized dosage of medications. Recently, we have demonstrated the reliability of the Geneva cocktail, combining the use of dried blood spots (DBS) and reduced dose of phenotyping drugs for the evaluation of the activity of six cytochromes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). As part of a study evaluating potential drug–drug interactions between probe drugs of the Geneva cocktail, the present paper focuses on the impact of cytochromes (CYP) probe drugs on the disposition of fexofenadine, a P-gp test drug. In a randomized four-way Latin-square crossover study, 30 healthy volunteers (15 men and 15 women) received caffeine 50 mg, bupropion 20 mg, flurbiprofen 10 mg, omeprazole 10 mg, dextromethorphan 10 mg, midazolam 1 mg, and fexofenadine 25 mg alone (or as part of a previously validated combination) and all together (Geneva cocktail). The determination of drug concentrations was performed in DBS samples and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Fexofenadine AUC0–8 h and Cmax decreased by 43% (geometric mean ratio: 0.57; CI 90: 0.50–0.65; p < 0.001) and 49% (geometric mean ratio: 0.51; CI 90: 0.44–0.59; p < 0.001), respectively, when fexofenadine was administered as part of the Geneva cocktail in comparison to fexofenadine alone. Consequently, the apparent oral clearance (Cl/F) increased 1.7-fold (CI 90: 1.49–1.93; p < 0.001). There was no interaction between the remaining probes. In conclusion, an unexpected interaction occurred between fexofenadine and one or several of the following substances: caffeine, bupropion, flurbiprofen, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, and midazolam. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of this interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Bosilkovska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Gaelle Magliocco
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lloret-Linares C, Daali Y, Abbara C, Carette C, Bouillot JL, Vicaut E, Czernichow S, Declèves X. CYP450 activities before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: correlation with their intestinal and liver content. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15:1299-1310. [PMID: 31262651 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
30
|
Cusinato DAC, Filgueira GCDO, Rocha A, Cintra MAC, Lanchote VL, Coelho EB. LC-MS/MS analysis of the plasma concentrations of a cocktail of 5 cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein probe substrates and their metabolites using subtherapeutic doses. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:430-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Heo JK, Kim HJ, Lee GH, Ohk B, Lee S, Song KS, Song IS, Liu KH, Yoon YR. Simultaneous Determination of Five Cytochrome P450 Probe Substrates and Their Metabolites and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide Probe Substrate in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030079. [PMID: 30004443 PMCID: PMC6160928 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and cytochrome P450 (P450) probe substrates and their phase I metabolites in human plasma was developed. The OATP1B1 (pitavastatin) and five P450 probe substrates, caffeine (CYP1A2), losartan (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), and midazolam (CYP3A) and their metabolites were extracted from human plasma (50 µL) using methanol. Analytes were separated on a C18 column followed by selected reaction monitoring detection using MS/MS. All analytes were separated simultaneously within a 9 min run time. The developed method was fully validated over the expected clinical concentration range for all analytes tested. The intra- and inter-day precisions for all analytes were lower than 11.3% and 8.82%, respectively, and accuracy was 88.5–117.3% and 96.1–109.2%, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.05 ng/mL for dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, midazolam, and 1′-hydroxymidazolam; 0.5 ng/mL for losartan, EXP-3174, omeprazole, 5′-hydroxyomeprazole, and pitavastatin; and 5 ng/mL for caffeine and paraxanthine. The method was successfully used in a pharmacokinetic study in healthy subjects after oral doses of five P450 and OATP1B1 probes. This analytical method provides a simple, sensitive, and accurate tool for the determination of OATP1B1 and five major P450 activities in vivo drug interaction studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyung Heo
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ga-Hyun Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Boram Ohk
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sik Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Im Sook Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lloret-Linares C, Daali Y, Chevret S, Nieto I, Molière F, Courtet P, Galtier F, Richieri RM, Morange S, Llorca PM, El-Hage W, Desmidt T, Haesebaert F, Vignaud P, Holtzmann J, Cracowski JL, Leboyer M, Yrondi A, Calvas F, Yon L, Le Corvoisier P, Doumy O, Heron K, Montange D, Davani S, Déglon J, Besson M, Desmeules J, Haffen E, Bellivier F. Exploring venlafaxine pharmacokinetic variability with a phenotyping approach, a multicentric french-swiss study (MARVEL study). BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:70. [PMID: 29115994 PMCID: PMC5678760 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that the standard doses of a given drug may not have equivalent effects in all patients. To date, the management of depression remains mainly empirical and often poorly evaluated. The development of a personalized medicine in psychiatry may reduce treatment failure, intolerance or resistance, and hence the burden and costs of mood depressive disorders. The Geneva Cocktail Phenotypic approach presents several advantages including the “in vivo” measure of different cytochromes and transporter P-gp activities, their simultaneous determination in a single test, avoiding the influence of variability over time on phenotyping results, the administration of low dose substrates, a limited sampling strategy with an analytical method developed on DBS analysis. The goal of this project is to explore the relationship between the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME), assessed by a phenotypic approach, and the concentrations of Venlafaxine (VLX) + O-demethyl-venlafaxine (ODV), the efficacy and tolerance of VLX. Methods/design This study is a multicentre prospective non-randomized open trial. Eligible patients present a major depressive episode, MADRS over or equal to 20, treatment with VLX regardless of the dose during at least 4 weeks. The Phenotype Visit includes VLX and ODV concentration measurement. Following the oral absorption of low doses of omeprazole, midazolam, dextromethorphan, and fexofenadine, drug metabolizing enzymes activity is assessed by specific metabolite/probe concentration ratios from a sample taken 2 h after cocktail administration for CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP2D6; and by the determination of the limited area under the curve from the capillary blood samples taken 2–3 and 6 h after cocktail administration for CYP2C19 and P-gp. Two follow-up visits will take place between 25 and 40 days and 50–70 days after inclusion. They include assessment of efficacy, tolerance and observance. Eleven french centres are involved in recruitment, expected to be completed within approximately 2 years with 205 patients. Metabolic ratios are determined in Geneva, Switzerland. Discussion By showing an association between drug metabolism and VLX concentrations, efficacy and tolerance, there is a hope that testing drug metabolism pathways with a phenotypical approach would help physicians in selecting and dosing antidepressants. The MARVEL study will provide an important contribution to increasing the knowledge of VLX variability and in optimizing the use of methods of personalized therapy in psychiatric settings. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT02590185 (10/27/2015). This study is currently recruiting participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lloret-Linares
- Inserm, U1144, F-75006, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, F-75013, Paris, France. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Therapeutic Research Unit, F-75010, Paris, France.
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Chevret
- Service de Biostatistiques et Information Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, ECSTRA Team, Inserm UMR-1153, Université Paris Diderot, 1 rue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Nieto
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital F. Widal, F-75010, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Raphaëlle-Marie Richieri
- Pôle psychiatrie, addictologie, pédopsychiatrie, Assistance Publique des hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Morange
- APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM, CIC Hôpital Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Service Psychiatrie et Addictologie de l'Adulte CMP B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- Inserm U930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm CIC 1415, Tours, France.,Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Thomas Desmidt
- Inserm U930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Haesebaert
- PsyR2 Team, U 1028, INSERM and UMR 5292, CNRS, Center for Neuroscience Research of Lyon (CRNL), CH Le Vinatier, Lyon-1 University, Bron, France.,Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et en Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale (CRIUSM), Université Laval, QC, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Vignaud
- PsyR2 Team, U 1028, INSERM and UMR 5292, CNRS, Center for Neuroscience Research of Lyon (CRNL), CH Le Vinatier, Lyon-1 University, Bron, France
| | - Jerôme Holtzmann
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie. CHU Grenoble-Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Jean-Luc Cracowski
- Unité de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Grenoble, INSERM CIC1406, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- AP-HP, pole de psychiatrie des HU Henri Mondor, Equipe psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France.,Inserm U955 and foundation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Antoine Yrondi
- Service de psychiatrie et psychologie médicale CHU Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, ToNIC, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Calvas
- Inserm CIC 1436, CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Liova Yon
- Inserm, Clinical Investigation Center 1430 and Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Le Corvoisier
- Inserm, Clinical Investigation Center 1430 and Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Doumy
- Centre Expert Dépression Résistante, Centre Référence Pathologies Anxieuses et Dépression (CERPAD), Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kyle Heron
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, UK and Somerset Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Damien Montange
- Department of Pharmacology, CHRU Besançon, Univ. Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, EA3920, Besançon, France
| | - Siamak Davani
- Department of Pharmacology, CHRU Besançon, Univ. Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, EA3920, Besançon, France
| | - Julien Déglon
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, University Hospitals of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Unit of Toxicology, CURML, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Besson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Inserm, U1144, F-75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, F-75013, Paris, France.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital F. Widal, F-75010, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Storelli F, Matthey A, Lenglet S, Thomas A, Desmeules J, Daali Y. Impact of CYP2D6 Functional Allelic Variations on Phenoconversion and Drug-Drug Interactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 104:148-157. [PMID: 28940476 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers carrying a nonfunctional allele are at higher risk of phenoconversion to poor metabolizers in the presence of CYP2D6 inhibitors. Seventeen homozygous carriers of two fully-functional alleles and 17 heterozygous carriers of one fully-functional and one nonfunctional allele participated in this trial. Dextromethorphan 5 mg and tramadol 10 mg were given at each of the three study sessions. CYP2D6 was inhibited by duloxetine 60 mg (session 2) and paroxetine 20 mg (session 3). A higher rate of phenoconversion to intermediate metabolizers with duloxetine (71% vs. 25%, P = 0.009) and to poor metabolizers with paroxetine (94% vs. 56%, P = 0.011) was observed in heterozygous than homozygous extensive metabolizers. The magnitude of drug-drug interaction between dextromethorphan and paroxetine was higher in homozygous than in heterozygous subjects (14.6 vs. 8.5, P < 0.028). Our study suggests that genetic extensive metabolizers may not represent a homogenous population and that available genetic data should be considered when addressing drug-drug interactions in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Storelli
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Matthey
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Puris E, Pasanen M, Gynther M, Häkkinen MR, Pihlajamäki J, Keränen T, Honkakoski P, Raunio H, Petsalo A. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of nine cytochrome P450 probe drugs and their corresponding metabolites in human serum and urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:251-268. [PMID: 27734142 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cocktail phenotyping using specific probe drugs for cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes provides information on the real-time activity of multiple CYPs. We investigated different sample preparation techniques and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with simple protein precipitation for the analysis of nine CYP probe drugs and their metabolites in human serum and urine. Specific CYP probe drugs (melatonin, CYP1A2; nicotine, CYP2A6; bupropion, CYP2B6; repaglinide, CYP2C8; losartan, CYP2C9; omeprazole, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4; dextromethorphan, CYP2D6; chlorzoxazone, CYP2E; midazolam, CYP3A4) and their main metabolites, with the exception of 3'-hydroxyrepaglinide, were quantified in human serum and urine using the developed LC-MS/MS method. The analytical method was fully validated showing high selectivity, linearity, acceptable accuracy (85-115 %) and precision (2-19 %) and applied to a pharmacokinetic study in four healthy volunteers after oral administration of drugs given as a cocktail. All probe drugs and their metabolites (totally 19 analytes) were detected and quantified from human serum and urine over the time range of 1 to 6 h after oral administration. Therefore, the proposed method is applicable for drug interaction and CYP phenotyping studies utilizing a cocktail approach. Graphical Abstract Workflow overwiew of cocktail CYP-phenotyping study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Puris
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Markku Pasanen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Gynther
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja R Häkkinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tapani Keränen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Raunio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aleksanteri Petsalo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Marsousi N, Samer CF, Fontana P, Reny JL, Rudaz S, Desmeules JA, Daali Y. Coadministration of ticagrelor and ritonavir: Toward prospective dose adjustment to maintain an optimal platelet inhibition using the PBPK approach. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:295-304. [PMID: 27264793 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ticagrelor is a potent antiplatelet drug metabolized by cytochrome (CYP)3A. It is contraindicated in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of the expected CYP3A inhibition by most protease inhibitors, such as ritonavir and an increased bleeding risk. In this study, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was created for ticagrelor and its active metabolite (AM). Based on the simulated interaction between ticagrelor 180 mg and ritonavir 100 mg, a lower dose of ticagrelor was calculated to obtain, when coadministered with ritonavir, the same pharmacokinetic (PK) and platelet inhibition as ticagrelor administered alone. A clinical study was thereafter conducted in healthy volunteers. Observed PK profiles of ticagrelor and its AM were successfully predicted with the model. Platelet inhibition was nearly complete in both sessions despite administration of a fourfold lower dose of ticagrelor in the second session. This PBPK model could be prospectively used to broaden the usage of ticagrelor in patients with ritonavir-treated HIV regardless of the CYP3A inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Marsousi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Geneva University, Switzerland
| | - C F Samer
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Fontana
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland.,Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J L Reny
- Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - S Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Geneva University, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J A Desmeules
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Geneva University, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Daali
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Geneva University, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lloret-Linares C, Rollason V, Lorenzini KI, Samer C, Daali Y, Gex-Fabry M, Aubry JM, Desmeules J, Besson M. Screening for genotypic and phenotypic variations in CYP450 activity in patients with therapeutic problems in a psychiatric setting, a retrospective study. Pharmacol Res 2016; 118:104-110. [PMID: 27378571 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aimed to assess to what extent an adverse drug reaction (ADR), an abnormal therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) or a non-response, was attributable to an abnormal cytochrome P450 activity in a psychiatric setting. METHOD We collected the results of investigations performed in these situations related to psychotropic drugs between January 2005 and November 2014. Activities of different cytochrome P450 were assessed by genotyping and/or phenotyping. Two experienced clinical pharmacologists assessed independently the possible association between the event and the results of the investigations. RESULTS One hundred and thirty eight clinical or biological situations had a complete assessment of all major metabolic pathways of the target drug. A majority of clinical or biological situations were observed with antidepressants (n=93, 67.4%), followed by antipsychotics (n=28, 20.3%), benzodiazepines and hypnotics (n=13, 9.4%), and psychostimulants (n=4, 2.9%). Genotype and/or phenotype determination was mainly performed because of ADRs (n=68, 49.3%) or non-response (n=46, 33.3%). Inter-rate reliability of the scoring system between the pharmacologists was excellent (kappa=0.94). The probability of an association between ADR, TDM or non-response and metabolic status was rated as intermediate to high in 34.7% of all cases, with proportions of 30.4% and 36.7%, for non-response and ADR respectively. CONCLUSION When indicated by clinical pharmacologists, ADR, TDM or non-response may be attributable to a variation of the metabolic status with an intermediate to high probability in 34.7% of patients, based on the congruent assessment made by two clinical pharmacologists. Further studies assessing the clinical relevance of prospective explorations and clarifying the appropriate method according to the clinical context are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lloret-Linares
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; INSERM UMR-S1144, Paris, France
| | - Victoria Rollason
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kuntheavy Ing Lorenzini
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Gex-Fabry
- Division of Psychiatric Specialties, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Aubry
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Besson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bosilkovska M, Samer C, Déglon J, Thomas A, Walder B, Desmeules J, Daali Y. Evaluation of Mutual Drug-Drug Interaction within Geneva Cocktail for Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping using Innovative Dried Blood Sampling Method. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:284-90. [PMID: 27009433 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity can be assessed using a 'cocktail' phenotyping approach. Recently, we have developed a cocktail (Geneva cocktail) which combines the use of low-dose probes with a low-invasiveness dried blood spots (DBS) sampling technique and a single analytical method for the phenotyping of six major CYP isoforms. We have previously demonstrated that modulation of CYP activity after pre-treatment with CYP inhibitors/inducer could be reliably predicted using Geneva cocktail. To further validate this cocktail, in this study, we have verified whether probe drugs contained in the latter cause mutual drug-drug interactions. In a randomized, four-way, Latin-square crossover study, 30 healthy volunteers received low-dose caffeine, flurbiprofen, omeprazole, dextromethorphan and midazolam (a previously validated combination with no mutual drug-drug interactions); fexofenadine alone; bupropion alone; or all seven drugs simultaneously (Geneva cocktail). Pharmacokinetic profiles of the probe drugs and their metabolites were determined in DBS samples using both conventional micropipette sampling and new microfluidic device allowing for self-sampling. The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of AUC metabolite/AUC probe for CYP probes administered alone or within Geneva cocktail fell within the 0.8-1.25 bioequivalence range indicating the absence of pharmacokinetic interaction. The same result was observed for the chosen phenotyping indices, that is metabolic ratios at 2 hr (CYP1A2, CYP3A) or 3 hr (CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6) post-cocktail administration. DBS sampling could successfully be performed using a new microfluidic device. In conclusion, Geneva cocktail combined with an innovative DBS sampling device can be used routinely as a test for simultaneous CYP phenotyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Bosilkovska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Déglon
- Unit of Toxicology, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,DBS System, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Toxicology, University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Walder
- Division of Anesthesiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu L, Miao MX, Zhong ZY, Xu P, Chen Y, Liu XD. Chronic administration of caderofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, increases hepatic CYP2E1 expression and activity in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:561-70. [PMID: 26838075 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Caderofloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone that is under phase III clinical trials in China. Here we examined the effects of caderofloxacin on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms as well as the potential of caderofloxacin interacting with co-administered drugs. METHODS Male rats were treated with caderofloxacin (9 mg/kg, ig) once or twice daily for 14 consecutive days. The effects of caderofloxacin on CYP3A, 2D6, 2C19, 1A2, 2E1 and 2C9 were evaluated using a "cocktail" of 6 probes (midazolam, dextromethorphan, omeprazole, theophylline, chlorzoxazone and diclofenac) injected on d 0 (prior to caderofloxacin exposure) and d 15 (after caderofloxacin exposure). Hepatic microsomes from the caderofloxacin-treated rats were used to assess CYP2E1 activity and chlorzoxazone metabolism. The expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and protein in hepatic microsomes was analyzed with RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Fourteen-day administration of caderofloxacin significantly increased the activity of hepatic CYP2E1, leading to enhanced metabolism of chlorzoxazone. In vitro microsomal study confirmed that CYP2E1 was a major metabolic enzyme involved in chlorzoxazone metabolism, and the 14-d administration of caderofloxacin significantly increased the activity of CYP2E1 in hepatic microsomes, resulting in increased formation of 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone. Furthermore, the 14-d administration of caderofloxacin significantly increased the expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and protein in liver microsomes, which was consistent with the pharmacokinetic results. CONCLUSION Fourteen-day administration of caderofloxacin can induce the expression and activity of hepatic CYP2E1 in rats. When caderofloxacin is administered, a potential drug-drug interaction mediated by CYP2E1 induction should be considered.
Collapse
|
39
|
Shi R, Ma B, Wu J, Wang T, Ma Y. Rapid and accurate liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of ten metabolic reactions catalyzed by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3363-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Bingliang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
De Kesel PMM, Lambert WE, Stove CP. Alternative Sampling Strategies for Cytochrome P450 Phenotyping. Clin Pharmacokinet 2015; 55:169-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
41
|
Leuthold LA, Heudi O, Déglon J, Raccuglia M, Augsburger M, Picard F, Kretz O, Thomas A. New microfluidic-based sampling procedure for overcoming the hematocrit problem associated with dried blood spot analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2068-71. [PMID: 25607538 DOI: 10.1021/ac503931g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematocrit (Hct) is one of the most critical issues associated with the bioanalytical methods used for dried blood spot (DBS) sample analysis. Because Hct determines the viscosity of blood, it may affect the spreading of blood onto the filter paper. Hence, accurate quantitative data can only be obtained if the size of the paper filter extracted contains a fixed blood volume. We describe for the first time a microfluidic-based sampling procedure to enable accurate blood volume collection on commercially available DBS cards. The system allows the collection of a controlled volume of blood (e.g., 5 or 10 μL) within several seconds. Reproducibility of the sampling volume was examined in vivo on capillary blood by quantifying caffeine and paraxanthine on 5 different extracted DBS spots at two different time points and in vitro with a test compound, Mavoglurant, on 10 different spots at two Hct levels. Entire spots were extracted. In addition, the accuracy and precision (n = 3) data for the Mavoglurant quantitation in blood with Hct levels between 26% and 62% were evaluated. The interspot precision data were below 9.0%, which was equivalent to that of a manually spotted volume with a pipet. No Hct effect was observed in the quantitative results obtained for Hct levels from 26% to 62%. These data indicate that our microfluidic-based sampling procedure is accurate and precise and that the analysis of Mavoglurant is not affected by the Hct values. This provides a simple procedure for DBS sampling with a fixed volume of capillary blood, which could eliminate the recurrent Hct issue linked to DBS sample analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Alexis Leuthold
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , DMPK/Bioanalytics, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhou Y, Wang S, Ding T, Chen M, Wang L, Wu M, Hu G, Lu X. Evaluation of the effect of apatinib (YN968D1) on cytochrome P450 enzymes with cocktail probe drugs in rats by UPLC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 973C:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
43
|
A cocktail approach for assessing the in vitro activity of human cytochrome P450s: An overview of current methodologies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:221-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
44
|
CYP1A2 phenotyping in dried blood spots and microvolumes of whole blood and plasma. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:3011-24. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phenotyping, using caffeine as probe substrate, is a proper method to assess CYP1A2 activity. We evaluated the utility of dried blood spots (DBS) for CYP1A2 phenotyping. Results: LC–MS/MS methods were developed and validated for quantitation of caffeine and its metabolite paraxanthine in DBS, whole blood and plasma. All parameters met the pre-established criteria. While recovery, matrix effects and precision were unaffected by hematocrit (Hct), there was a Hct effect on accuracy, although for the evaluated Hct interval (0.36–0.50) it remained within acceptable limits. The phenotyping methods were successfully applied in healthy volunteers. Conclusion: Excellent method performance and highly comparable phenotyping indices in DBS, whole blood and plasma, combined with the benefits of DBS sampling, illustrate the suitability of DBS-based CYP1A2 phenotyping.
Collapse
|
45
|
De Kesel PMM, Lambert WE, Stove CP. Why Dried Blood Spots Are an Ideal Tool for CYP1A2 Phenotyping. Clin Pharmacokinet 2014; 53:763-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-014-0150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
46
|
Phenotyping of CYP450 in human liver microsomes using the cocktail approach. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4875-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
47
|
Geneva cocktail for cytochrome p450 and P-glycoprotein activity assessment using dried blood spots. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 96:349-59. [PMID: 24722393 PMCID: PMC4151019 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of the capillary dried blood spot (DBS) sampling method was assessed for simultaneous phenotyping of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) using a cocktail approach. Ten volunteers received an oral cocktail capsule containing low doses of the probes bupropion (CYP2B6), flurbiprofen (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), midazolam (CYP3A), and fexofenadine (P-gp) with coffee/Coke (CYP1A2) on four occasions. They received the cocktail alone (session 1), and with the CYP inhibitors fluvoxamine and voriconazole (session 2) and quinidine (session 3). In session 4, subjects received the cocktail after a 7-day pretreatment with the inducer rifampicin. The concentrations of probes/metabolites were determined in DBS and plasma using a single liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs were comparable in DBS and plasma. Important modulation of CYP and P-gp activities was observed in the presence of inhibitors and the inducer. Minimally invasive one- and three-point (at 2, 3, and 6 h) DBS-sampling methods were found to reliably reflect CYP and P-gp activities at each session.
Collapse
|