1
|
Arai Y, Shitama H, Yamagishi M, Ono S, Kashima A, Hiraizumi M, Tsuda N, Katayama K, Tanaka K, Koda Y, Kato S, Sakata K, Nureki O, Miyazaki H. Optimization of α-amido boronic acids via cryo-electron microscopy analysis: Discovery of a novel highly selective immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (β5i)/LMP2 (β1i) dual inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 109:117790. [PMID: 38906067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (β5i)/LMP2 (β1i) dual blockade has been reported to suppress B cell differentiation and activation, suggesting that the dual inhibition of LMP7/LMP2 is a promising approach for treating autoimmune diseases. In contrast, the inhibition of the constitutive proteasome subunit β5c correlates with cytotoxicity against non-immune cells. Therefore, LMP7/LMP2 dual inhibitors with high selectivity over β5c may be desirable for treating autoimmune diseases. In this study, we present the optimization and discovery of α-amido boronic acids using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The exploitation of structural differences between the proteasome subunits led to the identification of a highly selective LMP7/LMP2 dual inhibitor 19. Molecular dynamics simulation based on cryo-EM structures of the proteasome subunits complexed with 19 explained the inhibitory activity profile. In mice immunized with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl conjugated to ovalbumin, results indicate that 19 is orally bioavailable and shows promise as potential treatment for autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Arai
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Shitama
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamagishi
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ono
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Kashima
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiraizumi
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsuda
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Koushirou Katayama
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Kouji Tanaka
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Yuzo Koda
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Sayuka Kato
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Kei Sakata
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mähönen K, Keskitalo S, Salokas K, Tuhkala A, Panelius J, Ranki A, Varjosalo M. Mass spectrometry -based proteomic analysis of the skin of patients with localized scleroderma. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:148-150. [PMID: 38350786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Mähönen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
| | | | - Kari Salokas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Tuhkala
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Panelius
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sevim E, Kobrin D, Casal-Dominguez M, Pinal-Fernandez I. A comprehensive review of dermatomyositis treatments - from rediscovered classics to promising horizons. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:197-209. [PMID: 37842905 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2270737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare inflammatory disease with diverse cutaneous and systemic manifestations, often associated with myositis-specific antibodies. Managing patients with refractory DM, or individuals presenting pecific complications, like calcinosis or rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease, presents unique challenges. AREAS COVERED This review explores current and promising treatment options for DM, drawing from clinical studies, case series, and case reports that consider the underlying disease pathophysiology. EXPERT OPINION Recent advancements have improved our understanding and management of DM. The discovery of distinct DM autoantibodies and their correlation with specific clinical phenotypes has transformed patient categorization and enhanced our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease. Intravenous immunoglobulin, a well-established treatment in dermatomyositis, has regained prominence and a large randomized clinical trial has reaffirmed its efficacy, confirming it as an effective therapeutic option in this group of patients. Identification of the type I interferon pathway as a key pathogenic mechanism in DM has opened up new avenues for more effective treatment strategies. Blocking the JAK/STAT pathway offers potential for improved management of refractory patients and prevention of highly morbid complications. These recent advancements have significantly impacted the management and care of dermatomyositis patients, enabling tailored approaches, targeted interventions, and improved outcomes for individuals affected by this complex condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Sevim
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dale Kobrin
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Casal-Dominguez
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iago Pinal-Fernandez
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Allardyce D, Adu Mantey P, Szalecka M, Nkwo R, Loizidou EZ. Identification of a new class of proteasome inhibitors based on a naphthyl-azotricyclic-urea-phenyl scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:573-582. [PMID: 36970145 PMCID: PMC10034219 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00404f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes play an important role in protein degradation and regulation of many cellular pathways by maintaining protein balance. Inhibitors of proteasomes disrupt this balance affecting proteins that are key in malignancies and as such have found applications in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. However, resistance mechanisms have been reported for these proteasome inhibitors including mutations at the β5 site which necessitates the constant development of new inhibitors. In this work, we report the identification of a new class of proteasome inhibitors, polycyclic molecules bearing a naphthyl-azotricyclic-urea-phenyl scaffold, from screening of the ZINC library of natural products. The most potent of these compounds showed evidence of dose dependency through proteasome assays with IC50 values in the low micromolar range, and kinetic analysis revealed competitive binding at the β5c site with an estimated inhibition constant, K i, of 1.15 μM. Inhibition was also shown for the β5i site of the immunoproteasome at levels similar to those of the constitutive proteasome. Structure-activity relationship studies identified the naphthyl substituent to be crucial for activity and this was attributed to enhanced hydrophobic interactions within β5c. Further to this, halogen substitution within the naphthyl ring enhanced the activity and allowed for π-π interactions with Y169 in β5c and Y130 and F124 in β5i. The combined data highlight the importance of hydrophobic and halogen interactions in β5 binding and assist in the design of next generation inhibitors of proteasomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Allardyce
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University The Burroughs London NW4 4BT UK
| | - Priscilla Adu Mantey
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University The Burroughs London NW4 4BT UK
| | - Monika Szalecka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University The Burroughs London NW4 4BT UK
| | - Robert Nkwo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University The Burroughs London NW4 4BT UK
| | - Eriketi Z Loizidou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University The Burroughs London NW4 4BT UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muchamuel T, Fan RA, Anderl JL, Bomba DJ, Johnson HWB, Lowe E, Tuch BB, McMinn DL, Millare B, Kirk CJ. Zetomipzomib (KZR-616) attenuates lupus in mice via modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1043680. [PMID: 36969170 PMCID: PMC10036830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1043680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zetomipzomib (KZR-616) is a selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome currently undergoing clinical investigation in autoimmune disorders. Here, we characterized KZR-616 in vitro and in vivo using multiplexed cytokine analysis, lymphocyte activation and differentiation, and differential gene expression analysis. KZR-616 blocked production of >30 pro-inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), polarization of T helper (Th) cells, and formation of plasmablasts. In the NZB/W F1 mouse model of lupus nephritis (LN), KZR-616 treatment resulted in complete resolution of proteinuria that was maintained at least 8 weeks after the cessation of dosing and was mediated in part by alterations in T and B cell activation, including reduced numbers of short and long-lived plasma cells. Gene expression analysis of human PBMCs and tissues from diseased mice revealed a consistent and broad response focused on inhibition of T, B, and plasma cell function and the Type I interferon pathway and promotion of hematopoietic cell lineages and tissue remodeling. In healthy volunteers, KZR-616 administration resulted in selective inhibition of the immunoproteasome and blockade of cytokine production following ex vivo stimulation. These data support the ongoing development of KZR-616 in autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)/LN.
Collapse
|
6
|
Plocque A, Mitri C, Lefèvre C, Tabary O, Touqui L, Philippart F. Should We Interfere with the Interleukin-6 Receptor During COVID-19: What Do We Know So Far? Drugs 2023; 83:1-36. [PMID: 36508116 PMCID: PMC9743129 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Severe manifestations of COVID-19 consist of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to an initially local reaction leading to a systemic inflammatory response that results in hypoxia. Many therapeutic approaches have been attempted to reduce the clinical consequences of an excessive immune response to viral infection. To date, systemic corticosteroid therapy is still the most effective intervention. More recently, new hope has emerged with the use of interleukin (IL)-6 receptor inhibitors (tocilizumab and sarilumab). However, the great heterogeneity of the methodology and results of published studies obfuscate the true value of this treatment, leading to a confusing synthesis in recent meta-analyses, and the persistence of doubts in terms of patient groups and the appropriate time to treat. Moreover, their effects on the anti-infectious or pro-healing response are still poorly studied. This review aims to clarify the potential role of IL-6 receptor inhibitors in the treatment of severe forms of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Plocque
- Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Christie Mitri
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Charlène Lefèvre
- Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Tabary
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Lhousseine Touqui
- INSERM U938 Unit, St. Antoine Research Centre, Sorbona University, Paris, France
- Mucoviscidosis and Pulmonary Disease Units, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
- Cystic fibrosis and Bronchial diseases team-INSERM U938, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Francois Philippart
- Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France.
- Endotoxins, Structures and Host Response, Department of Microbiology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, UMR 9891 CNRS-CEA-Paris Saclay University, 98190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Targeting immunoproteasome in neurodegeneration: A glance to the future. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108329. [PMID: 36526014 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome is a specialized form of proteasome equipped with modified catalytic subunits that was initially discovered to play a pivotal role in MHC class I antigen processing and immune system modulation. However, over the last years, this proteolytic complex has been uncovered to serve additional functions unrelated to antigen presentation. Accordingly, it has been proposed that immunoproteasome synergizes with canonical proteasome in different cell types of the nervous system, regulating neurotransmission, metabolic pathways and adaptation of the cells to redox or inflammatory insults. Hence, studying the alterations of immunoproteasome expression and activity is gaining research interest to define the dynamics of neuroinflammation as well as the early and late molecular events that are likely involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders. Furthermore, these novel functions foster the perspective of immunoproteasome as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegeneration. In this review, we provide a brain and retina-wide overview, trying to correlate present knowledge on structure-function relationships of immunoproteasome with the variety of observed neuro-modulatory functions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Immunoproteasome Activity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia as a Target of the Immunoproteasome-Selective Inhibitors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050838. [PMID: 35269460 PMCID: PMC8909520 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting proteasome with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) is an approved treatment strategy in multiple myeloma that has also been explored pre-clinically and clinically in other hematological malignancies. The approved PIs target both the constitutive and the immunoproteasome, the latter being present predominantly in cells of lymphoid origin. Therapeutic targeting of the immunoproteasome in cells with sole immunoproteasome activity may be selectively cytotoxic in malignant cells, while sparing the non-lymphoid tissues from the on-target PIs toxicity. Using activity-based probes to assess the proteasome activity profile and correlating it with the cytotoxicity assays, we identified B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) to express predominantly immunoproteasome activity, which is associated with high sensitivity to approved proteasome inhibitors and, more importantly, to the immunoproteasome selective inhibitors LU005i and LU035i, targeting all immunoproteasome active subunits or only the immunoproteasome β5i, respectively. At the same time, LU102, a proteasome β2 inhibitor, sensitized B-CLL or immunoproteasome inhibitor-inherently resistant primary cells of acute myeloid leukemia, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia to low doses of LU035i. The immunoproteasome thus represents a novel therapeutic target, which warrants further testing with clinical stage immunoproteasome inhibitors in monotherapy or in combinations.
Collapse
|
9
|
Parihar N, Bhatt LK. Deubiquitylating enzymes: potential target in autoimmune diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1683-1699. [PMID: 34792672 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is responsible for the turnover of different cellular proteins, such as transport proteins, presentation of antigens to the immune system, control of the cell cycle, and activities that promote cancer. The enzymes which remove ubiquitin, deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), play a critical role in central and peripheral immune tolerance to prevent the development of autoimmune diseases and thus present a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. DUBs function by removing ubiquitin(s) from target protein and block ubiquitin chain elongation. The addition and removal of ubiquitin molecules have a significant impact on immune responses. DUBs and E3 ligases both specifically cleave target protein and modulate protein activity and expression. The balance between ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation modulates protein levels and also protein interactions. Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway results in the development of various autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), psoriasis, multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This review summarizes the current understanding of ubiquitination in autoimmune diseases and focuses on various DUBs responsible for the progression of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Oddone F, Kudriaeva AA, Lacal PM, Belogurov AA, Graziani G, Marini S. At the Cutting Edge against Cancer: A Perspective on Immunoproteasome and Immune Checkpoints Modulation as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4852. [PMID: 34638337 PMCID: PMC8507813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoproteasome is a noncanonical form of proteasome with enzymological properties optimized for the generation of antigenic peptides presented in complex with class I MHC molecules. This enzymatic property makes the modulation of its activity a promising area of research. Nevertheless, immunotherapy has emerged as a front-line treatment of advanced/metastatic tumors providing outstanding improvement of life expectancy, even though not all patients achieve a long-lasting clinical benefit. To enhance the efficacy of the currently available immunotherapies and enable the development of new strategies, a broader knowledge of the dynamics of antigen repertoire processing by cancer cells is needed. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of immunoproteasome in antigen processing and of the therapeutic implication of its modulation is mandatory. Studies on the potential crosstalk between proteasome modulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors could provide novel perspectives and an unexplored treatment option for a variety of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna A. Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.)
| | - Pedro M. Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alexey A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.)
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Immunoproteasome Function in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071577. [PMID: 34206607 PMCID: PMC8305381 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a central part of protein homeostasis, degrading not only misfolded or oxidized proteins but also proteins with essential functions. The fact that a healthy hematopoietic system relies on the regulation of protein homeostasis and that alterations in the UPS can lead to malignant transformation makes the UPS an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Herein, inhibitors of the proteasome, the last and most important component of the UPS enzymatic cascade, have been approved for the treatment of these malignancies. However, their use has been associated with side effects, drug resistance, and relapse. Inhibitors of the immunoproteasome, a proteasomal variant constitutively expressed in the cells of hematopoietic origin, could potentially overcome the encountered problems of non-selective proteasome inhibition. Immunoproteasome inhibitors have demonstrated their efficacy and safety against inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, even though their development for the treatment of hematologic malignancies is still in the early phases. Various immunoproteasome inhibitors have shown promising preliminary results in pre-clinical studies, and one inhibitor is currently being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Here, we will review data on immunoproteasome function and inhibition in hematopoietic cells and hematologic cancers.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kollár L, Gobec M, Szilágyi B, Proj M, Knez D, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Petri L, Imre T, Bajusz D, Ferenczy GG, Gobec S, Keserű GM, Sosič I. Discovery of selective fragment-sized immunoproteasome inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113455. [PMID: 33894528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteasomes contribute to maintaining protein homeostasis and their inhibition is beneficial in certain types of cancer and in autoimmune diseases. However, the inhibition of the proteasomes in healthy cells leads to unwanted side-effects and significant effort has been made to identify inhibitors specific for the immunoproteasome, especially to treat diseases which manifest increased levels and activity of this proteasome isoform. Here, we report our efforts to discover fragment-sized inhibitors of the human immunoproteasome. The screening of an in-house library of structurally diverse fragments resulted in the identification of benzo[d]oxazole-2(3H)-thiones, benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thiones, benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thiones, and 1-methylbenzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thiones (with a general term benzoXazole-2(3H)-thiones) as inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like (β5i) subunit of the immunoproteasome. A subsequent structure-activity relationship study provided us with an insight regarding growing vectors. Binding to the β5i subunit was shown and selectivity against the β5 subunit of the constitutive proteasome was determined. Thorough characterization of these compounds suggested that they inhibit the immunoproteasome by forming a disulfide bond with the Cys48 available specifically in the β5i active site. To obtain fragments with biologically more tractable covalent interactions, we performed a warhead scan, which yielded benzoXazole-2-carbonitriles as promising starting points for the development of selective immunoproteasome inhibitors with non-peptidic scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levente Kollár
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martina Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bence Szilágyi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matic Proj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Petri
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Imre
- MS Metabolomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György G Ferenczy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Izidor Sosič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zian Z, Berry SPDG, Bahmaie N, Ghotbi D, Kashif A, Madkaikar M, Bargir UA, Abdullahi H, Khan H, Azizi G. The clinical efficacy of Rituximab administration in autoimmunity disorders, primary immunodeficiency diseases and malignancies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107565. [PMID: 33773205 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rituximab (RTX), as a monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapeutic intervention targeting CD20 on B cells, has proven efficacy in the treatment of patients with some immune-mediated diseases. In the present review, we provided information on the immunobiological mechanisms of signaling for RTX and its clinical applications, according to the immune-pathophysiology involved in the microenvironment of multiple diseases. We highlighted combination therapy, dose schedules, and laboratory monitoring, as well as the associated common and rare side effects to avoid. We also discussed the efficacy and safety of RTX-based therapeutic strategies and whether RTX therapy can be used as a promising treatment regimen for autoimmune diseases, primary immunodeficiency diseases, and malignancies. Our review highlights and supports the importance of collaboration between basic medical researchers and clinical specialists when considering the use of RTX in the treatment of various immune-mediated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Zian
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, P.B. 416, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - S P Déo-Gracias Berry
- Centre de Recherches Médicales (CERMEL) de Lambaréné, B.P: 242, Gabon; Technical University of Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Nazila Bahmaie
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Health Science, Near East University (NEU), Nicosia, 99138, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - Dana Ghotbi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Ali Kashif
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Manisha Madkaikar
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai 400070, India
| | - Umair Ahmed Bargir
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai 400070, India
| | - Hamisu Abdullahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, 840232, Nigeria
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj 3149779453, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schiffrer ES, Proj M, Gobec M, Rejc L, Šterman A, Mravljak J, Gobec S, Sosič I. Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Warhead-Decorated Psoralens as (Immuno)Proteasome Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020356. [PMID: 33445542 PMCID: PMC7826781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunoproteasome is a multicatalytic protease that is predominantly expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin. Its elevated expression has been associated with autoimmune diseases, various types of cancer, and inflammatory diseases. Selective inhibition of its catalytic activities is therefore a viable approach for the treatment of these diseases. However, the development of immunoproteasome-selective inhibitors with non-peptidic scaffolds remains a challenging task. We previously reported 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one (psoralen)-based compounds with an oxathiazolone warhead as selective inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like (β5i) subunit of immunoproteasome. Here, we describe the influence of the electrophilic warhead variations at position 3 of the psoralen core on the inhibitory potencies. Despite mapping the chemical space with different warheads, all compounds showed decreased inhibition of the β5i subunit of immunoproteasome in comparison to the parent oxathiazolone-based compound. Although suboptimal, these results provide crucial information about structure–activity relationships that will serve as guidance for the further design of (immuno)proteasome inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Shannon Schiffrer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.S.S.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (A.Š.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Matic Proj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.S.S.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (A.Š.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.S.S.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (A.Š.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Luka Rejc
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andrej Šterman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.S.S.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (A.Š.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Janez Mravljak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.S.S.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (A.Š.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.S.S.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (A.Š.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.S.S.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (A.Š.); (J.M.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-4769-569
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Borcherding N, Jethava Y, Vikas P. Repurposing Anti-Cancer Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:5045-5058. [PMID: 33239864 PMCID: PMC7680713 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s282252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused catastrophic damage to human life across the globe along with social and financial hardships. According to the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center, more than 41.3 million people worldwide have been infected, and more than 1,133,000 people have died as of October 22, 2020. At present, there is no available vaccine and a scarcity of efficacious therapies. However, there is tremendous ongoing effort towards identifying effective drugs and developing novel vaccines. Early data from Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trials (ACTT) sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and compassionate use study have shown promise for remdesivir, leading to emergency authorization by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, several randomized studies have now shown no benefit or increased adverse events associated with remdesivir treatment. Drug development is a time-intensive process and requires extensive safety and efficacy evaluations. In contrast, drug repurposing is a time-saving and cost-effective drug discovery strategy geared towards using existing drugs instead of de novo drug discovery. Treatments for cancer and COVID-19 often have similar goals of controlling inflammation, inhibiting cell division, and modulating the host microenvironment to control the disease. In this review, we focus on anti-cancer drugs that can potentially be repurposed for COVID-19 and are currently being tested in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Borcherding
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yogesh Jethava
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Praveen Vikas
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gan T, Li Y, Zhou XJ, Zhang H. Immunoproteasome in IgA Nephropathy: State-of-Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2518-2526. [PMID: 32792854 PMCID: PMC7415421 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.48330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. The exact pathogenesis of IgAN is not well defined, but some genetic studies have led to a novel discovery that the immunoproteasome probably plays an important role in IgAN. The immunoproteasome is a proteasome variant that is expressed when cells are stressed or receive inflammatory signals. While immunoproteasome is suggested to be mainly involved in major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) antigen presentation, recent studies indicate that it may assert broad functions in trafficking events that activate both innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we first summarize new insights into its functions in immunity, and discuss how it underlies its associations with IgAN. We also highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gan
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yang Li
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Meul T, Meiners S. Exploring the proteasome system: A novel concept of proteasome inhibition and regulation. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107526. [PMID: 32173559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is a well-identified therapeutic target for cancer treatment. It acts as the main protein degradation system in the cell and degrades key mediators of cell growth, survival and function. The term "proteasome" embraces a whole family of distinct complexes, which share a common proteolytic core, the 20S proteasome, but differ by their attached proteasome activators. Each of these proteasome complexes plays specific roles in the control of cellular function. In addition, distinct proteasome interacting proteins regulate proteasome activity in subcellular compartments and in response to cellular signals. Proteasome activators and regulators may thus serve as building blocks to fine-tune proteasome function in the cell according to cellular needs. Inhibitors of the proteasome, e.g. the FDA approved drugs Velcade™, Kyprolis™, Ninlaro™, inactivate the catalytic 20S core and effectively block protein degradation of all proteasome complexes in the cell resulting in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Efficacy of these inhibitors, however, is hampered by their pronounced cytotoxic side-effects as well as by the emerging development of resistance to catalytic proteasome inhibitors. Targeted inhibition of distinct buiding blocks of the proteasome system, i.e. proteasome activators or regulators, represents an alternative strategy to overcome these limitations. In this review, we stress the importance of the diversity of the proteasome complexes constituting an entire proteasome system. Our building block concept provides a rationale for the defined targeting of distinct proteasome super-complexes in disease. We thereby aim to stimulate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches beyond broad catalytic proteasome inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meul
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|