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Xing J, Bou G, Liu G, Li X, Shen Y, Akhtar MF, Bai D, Zhao Y, Dugarjaviin M, Zhang X. Leucine promotes energy metabolism and stimulates slow-twitch muscle fibers expression through AMPK/mTOR signaling in equine skeletal muscle satellite cells. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 51:101249. [PMID: 38776751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that leucine (Leu) can stimulate and enhance the proliferation of equine skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs). The gene expression profile associated with Leu-induced proliferation of equine SCs has also been documented. However, the specific role of Leu in regulating the expression of slow-twitch muscle fibers (slow-MyHC) and mitochondrial function in equine SCs, as well as the underlying mechanism, remains unclear. During this investigation, equine SCs underwent culturing in differentiation medium and were subjected to varying concentrations of Leu (0 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM) over a span of 3 days. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C and mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTOR) inhibitor Rapamycin were utilized to explore its underlying mechanism. Here we showed that the expression of slow-MyHC at 2 mM Leu level was significantly higher than the concentration levels of 0 mM,0.5 mM and 10 mM (P <0.01), and there was no significant difference compared to other groups (P > 0.05); the basal respiration, maximum respiration, standby respiration and the expression of slow-MyHC, PGC-1α, Cytc, ND1, TFAM, and COX1 were significantly increased with Leu supplementation (P < 0.01). We also found that Leu up-regulated the expression of key proteins on AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways, including LKB1, p-LKB1, AMPK, p-AMPK, S6, p-S6, 4EBP1, p-4EBP1, mTOR and p-mTOR (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Notably, when we treated the equine SCs with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C and the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin, we observed a reduction in the beneficial effects of Leu on the expression of genes related to slow-MyHC and signaling pathway-related gene expressions. This study provides novel evidence that Leu promotes slow-MyHC expression and enhances mitochondrial function in equine SCs through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms involved in these processes for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Gerelchimeg Bou
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yingchao Shen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | | | - Dongyi Bai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Manglai Dugarjaviin
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xinzhuang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Equine Research Center, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
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Pumar OYT, Zanotelli MR, Lin MCJ, Schmitt RR, Green KS, Rojas KS, Hwang IY, Cerione RA, Wilson KF. A multiprotein signaling complex sustains AKT and mTOR/S6K activity necessary for the survival of cancer cells undergoing stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.03.522657. [PMID: 36711811 PMCID: PMC9881951 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells encounter stresses during tumor progression and metastatic spread, however, how they survive these challenges is not fully understood. We now identify a mechanism for cancer cell survival through the discovery of a multiprotein signaling complex that includes the GTPase Cdc42, the Cdc42 GEF/effector protein Dock7, AKT, mTOR and the mTORC1 regulatory partners TSC1, TSC2, and Rheb. This pro-survival signaling complex sustains the activated state of AKT by preventing its dephosphorylation at Ser473 during serum starvation, resulting in a low but critical activation of a Raptor-independent mTOR/S6K activity. We demonstrate that the Dock7 DHR1 domain, previously of unknown function, is responsible for preserving AKT phosphorylation through an interaction requiring its C2-like motif. Collectively, these findings help address long-standing questions of how Cdc42 signals mTOR activation by elucidating the unique functions of its signaling partner Dock7 as an AKT regulator necessary for resistance to anoikis and apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miao-chong Joy Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kai Su Green
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Katherine S. Rojas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Irene Y. Hwang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard A. Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kristin F. Wilson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Atmakuru PS, Dhawan J. The cilium-centrosome axis in coupling cell cycle exit and cell fate. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:308872. [PMID: 37144419 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is an evolutionarily conserved, ancient organelle whose role in cell division was first described over a century ago. The structure and function of the centrosome as a microtubule-organizing center, and of its extracellular extension - the primary cilium - as a sensory antenna, have since been extensively studied, but the role of the cilium-centrosome axis in cell fate is still emerging. In this Opinion piece, we view cellular quiescence and tissue homeostasis from the vantage point of the cilium-centrosome axis. We focus on a less explored role in the choice between distinct forms of mitotic arrest - reversible quiescence and terminal differentiation, which play distinct roles in tissue homeostasis. We outline evidence implicating the centrosome-basal body switch in stem cell function, including how the cilium-centrosome complex regulates reversible versus irreversible arrest in adult skeletal muscle progenitors. We then highlight exciting new findings in other quiescent cell types that suggest signal-dependent coupling of nuclear and cytoplasmic events to the centrosome-basal body switch. Finally, we propose a framework for involvement of this axis in mitotically inactive cells and identify future avenues for understanding how the cilium-centrosome axis impacts central decisions in tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti S Atmakuru
- CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Zacharewicz E, Kalanon M, Murphy RM, Russell AP, Lamon S. MicroRNA-99b-5p downregulates protein synthesis in human primary myotubes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C432-C440. [PMID: 32608991 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00172.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of cellular homeostasis and exert their effect by directly controlling protein expression. We have previously reported an age-dependent negative association between microRNA-99b (miR-99b-5p) expression and muscle protein synthesis in human muscle in vivo. Here we investigated the role of miR-99b-5p as a potential negative regulator of protein synthesis via inhibition of mammalian target for rapamycin (MTOR) signaling in human primary myocytes. Overexpressing miR-99b-5p in human primary myotubes from young and old subjects significantly decreased protein synthesis with no effect of donor age. A binding interaction between miR-99b-5p and its putative binding site within the MTOR 3'-untranslated region (UTR) was confirmed in C2C12 myoblasts. The observed decline in protein synthesis was, however, not associated with a suppression of the MTOR protein but of its regulatory associated protein of mTOR complex 1 (RPTOR). These results demonstrate that modulating the expression levels of a miRNA can regulate protein synthesis in human muscle cells and provide a potential mechanism for muscle wasting in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Zacharewicz
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ming Kalanon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Venugopal N, Ghosh A, Gala H, Aloysius A, Vyas N, Dhawan J. The primary cilium dampens proliferative signaling and represses a G2/M transcriptional network in quiescent myoblasts. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:25. [PMID: 32293249 PMCID: PMC7161131 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reversible cell cycle arrest (quiescence/G0) is characteristic of adult stem cells and is actively controlled at multiple levels. Quiescent cells also extend a primary cilium, which functions as a signaling hub. Primary cilia have been shown to be important in multiple developmental processes, and are implicated in numerous developmental disorders. Although the association of the cilium with G0 is established, the role of the cilium in the control of the quiescence program is still poorly understood. RESULTS Primary cilia are dynamically regulated across different states of cell cycle exit in skeletal muscle myoblasts: quiescent myoblasts elaborate a primary cilium in vivo and in vitro, but terminally differentiated myofibers do not. Myoblasts where ciliogenesis is ablated using RNAi against a key ciliary assembly protein (IFT88) can exit the cell cycle but display an altered quiescence program and impaired self-renewal. Specifically, the G0 transcriptome in IFT88 knockdown cells is aberrantly enriched for G2/M regulators, suggesting a focused repression of this network by the cilium. Cilium-ablated cells also exhibit features of activation including enhanced activity of Wnt and mitogen signaling and elevated protein synthesis via inactivation of the translational repressor 4E-BP1. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results show that the primary cilium integrates and dampens proliferative signaling, represses translation and G2/M genes, and is integral to the establishment of the quiescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Venugopal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, -500 007, India
| | - Ananga Ghosh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, -500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Hardik Gala
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, -500 007, India
| | - Ajoy Aloysius
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, -500 007, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Neha Vyas
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, -500 007, India
- Present address: St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560034, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, -500 007, India.
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru, 560065, India.
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Rion N, Castets P, Lin S, Enderle L, Reinhard JR, Eickhorst C, Rüegg MA. mTOR controls embryonic and adult myogenesis via mTORC1. Development 2019; 146:dev.172460. [PMID: 30872276 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The formation of multi-nucleated muscle fibers from progenitors requires the fine-tuned and coordinated regulation of proliferation, differentiation and fusion, both during development and after injury in the adult. Although some of the key factors that are involved in the different steps are well known, how intracellular signals are coordinated and integrated is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of the cell-growth regulator mTOR by eliminating essential components of the mTOR complexes 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2) in mouse muscle progenitors. We show that inactivation of mTORC1, but not mTORC2, in developing muscle causes perinatal death. In the adult, mTORC1 deficiency in muscle stem cells greatly impinges on injury-induced muscle regeneration. These phenotypes are because of defects in the proliferation and fusion capacity of the targeted muscle progenitors. However, mTORC1-deficient muscle progenitors partially retain their myogenic function. Hence, our results show that mTORC1 and not mTORC2 is an important regulator of embryonic and adult myogenesis, and they point to alternative pathways that partially compensate for the loss of mTORC1.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rion
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Shuo Lin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Enderle
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Markus A Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Bi S, Li L, Gu H, Li M, Xu S, Bu W, Zhang M, Zhou Z, Chen X. Lycopene upregulates ZO-1 and downregulates claudin-1 through autophagy inhibition in the human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line COLO-16. J Cancer 2019; 10:510-521. [PMID: 30719147 PMCID: PMC6360289 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene, a kind of carotenoid, has been reported to have an inhibitory function on tumor cell migration. However, the potential role of lycopene in the treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed the biological effects of lycopene in the human cSCC cell line COLO-16, human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and the immortalized human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. We found that lycopene inhibited the cell proliferation and migration of COLO-16 cells but not normal keratinocytes. In addition, lycopene upregulated the protein levels of ZO-1 in COLO-16 and HaCaT cells but not in HEKs. In contrast, lycopene upregulated the protein level of claudin-1 in HEKs but downregulated claudin-1 in COLO-16 cells. Lycopene led to a decrease in autophagic flux in COLO-16 cells in a mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1)-dependent manner. Importantly, autophagy inhibition contributed to the lycopene-induced regulation on ZO-1 and claudin-1 in COLO-16 cells. Moreover, JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and MEK inhibitor (U0126) treatment abolished the increase in phosphorylated MTOR and ribosomal protein S6 as well as the increase in ZO-1 and the decrease in claudin-1 in lycopene-treated COLO-16 cells. Gene silencing of JNK and ERK also prohibited ZO-1 upregulation and claudin-1 downregulation. In conclusion, lycopene upregulates ZO-1 expression and downregulates claudin-1 expression through the activation of ERK, JNK and MTORC1 as well as the inhibition of autophagy in human cSCC cells. Our findings demonstrate that autophagy plays a key role in lycopene-mediated pharmacological effects. This study indicates that lycopene might be a useful chemopreventive agent against cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.,Dermatology and Venereology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Song Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Zhihai Zhou
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
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Ding J, Peng Z, Wu D, Miao J, Liu B, Wang L. A transcriptomics study of differentiated C2C12 myoblasts identified novel functional responses to 17β-estradiol. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:965-974. [PMID: 29570902 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Ding
- Medical Research Center of Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang 110004 China
| | - ZhaoHong Peng
- Medical Research Center of Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang 110004 China
| | - Di Wu
- Medical Research Center of Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang 110004 China
| | - JiaNing Miao
- Medical Research Center of Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang 110004 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Medical Research Center of Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang 110004 China
| | - LiLi Wang
- Medical Research Center of Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang 110004 China
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Gao CQ, Xu YL, Jin CL, Hu XC, Li HC, Xing GX, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Differentiation capacities of skeletal muscle satellite cells in Lantang and Landrace piglets. Oncotarget 2017; 8:43192-43200. [PMID: 28574820 PMCID: PMC5522138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated and cultured satellite cells (SCs) from the longissimus dorsi muscles of 1-day-old male Landrace and Lantang piglets to compare the SC differentiation capacity in the two breeds. Lantang piglets yielded more (P < 0.05) SCs per gram of muscle than Landrace piglets (5.2 ± 0.9×104 vs. 2.4 ± 0.2×104). Transcription of the differentiation markers myogenin and myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I) in the longissimus dorsi muscle was higher in Lantang than Landrace piglets (P < 0.05). Protein levels of myogenin (P < 0.05), MyHC I (P < 0.05), and myogenic regulatory factor 4 (P = 0.07) were higher in Lantang than Landrace piglet SCs after 72 h of differentiation. Creatine kinase activity was higher in Lantang than Landrace piglet SCs after 24, 48, and 72 h of differentiation (P < 0.05), and there was a greater fusion index in Landrace piglet SCs after 72 h of differentiation. In addition, phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, S6K1, S6, and 4EBP1 was lower in Lantang than Landrace piglet SCs (P < 0.05). Thus differentiation was more extensive in Lantang than Landrace piglet SCs, but expression of the mTOR signaling pathway was lower in Lantang piglet SCs, suggesting mTOR signaling may inhibit myogenic differentiation. These findings reveal that mTOR signaling is a factor in myogenesis and imply that mTOR could potentially serve as an activator of myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation/ National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin-Long Xu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation/ National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou United Bio-Technology Feed Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Long Jin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation/ National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Chao Hu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation/ National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Chang Li
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guang-Xu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation/ National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation/ National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong, China
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Environmental enrichment improves learning and memory and long-term potentiation in young adult rats through a mechanism requiring mGluR5 signaling and sustained activation of p70s6k. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 125:126-34. [PMID: 26341144 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our lab have demonstrated that mild cognitive impairments identified early in life are predictive of cognitive deficits that develop with age, suggesting that enhancements in cognition at an early age can provide a buffer against age-related cognitive decline. Environmental enrichment has been shown to improve learning and memory in the rodent, but the impact of enrichment on synaptic plasticity and the molecular mechanisms behind enrichment are not completely understood. To address these unresolved issues, we have housed 2-month old rats in environmentally enriched (EE), socially enriched (SE), or standard housing (SC) and conducted tests of learning and memory formation at various time intervals. Here we demonstrate that animals that have been exposed to one month of social or environmental enrichment demonstrate enhanced learning and memory relative to standard housed controls. However, we have found that after 4months EE animals perform better than both SE and SC groups and demonstrate an enhanced hippocampal LTP. Our results demonstrate that this LTP is dependent on mGluR5 signaling, activation of ERK and mTOR signaling cascades, and sustained phosphorylation of p70s6 kinase, thus providing a potential target mechanism for future studies of cognitive enhancement in the rodent.
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Iadevaia V, Cowan JL, Coldwell MJ. mTORCing about myogenic differentiation. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:3-4. [PMID: 25551658 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.988107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Iadevaia
- a Centre for Biological Sciences ; University of Southampton, Highfield Campus ; Southampton , UK
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