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Shen J, Zhao X, Bai X, Zhu W, Li Z, Yang Z, Wang Q, Ji J. Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals CDK5-Mediated phosphorylation of MTDH inhibits protein synthesis in microglia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 735:150669. [PMID: 39260336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
CDK5 plays a crucial role in maintaining normal central nervous system (CNS) development and synaptic function, while microglia are the primary immune cells present in the CNS and play vital physiological roles in CNS development, immune surveillance, and regulation of synaptic plasticity. Despite this, our understanding of both the substrate proteins and functional mechanisms of CDK5 in microglia remains limited. To address this, we utilized CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of Cdk5 in BV2 cells and conducted quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis to systematically screen potential CDK5 substrates in microglia. Our findings identified 335 phosphorylation sites on 234 proteins as potential CDK5 substrates in microglia based on the reported sequence motif. Through in vitro kinase assay and intracellular inhibition and knockout of CDK5 experiments, we confirmed that ER proteins MTDH (protein LYRIC) and Calnexin are novel substrate proteins of CDK5. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time a critical mechanism for regulating protein synthesis in microglia, that the phosphorylation of S565 site on MTDH, a key protein mediating cell growth, by CDK5 inhibits protein synthesis. Our data provide valuable insights for the discovery of new substrate proteins of CDK5 and the in-depth investigation of the function and mechanism of CDK5 in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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2
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Xu X, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhu Y, Wang J, Guo J. Favorable Immunotherapy Plus Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Outcome of Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients with Low CDK5 Expression. Cancer Res Treat 2023; 55:1321-1336. [PMID: 37024096 PMCID: PMC10582544 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2022.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapy (IO) plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has become the first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma, despite the lack of prognostic biomarkers. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) affects the tumor microenvironment, which may influence the efficacy of TKI+IO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two cohorts from our center (Zhongshan Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma [ZS-MRCC] cohort, Zhongshan High-risk Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma [ZS-HRRCC] cohort) and one cohort from a clinical trial (JAVELIN-101) were enrolled. The expression of CDK5 of each sample was determined by RNA sequencing. Immune infiltration and T cell function were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Response and progression-free survival (PFS) were set as primary endpoints. RESULTS Patients of low CDK5 expression showed higher objective response rate (60.0% vs. 23.3%) and longer PFS in both cohorts (ZS-MRCC cohort, p=0.014; JAVELIN-101 cohort, p=0.040). CDK5 expression was enhanced in non-responders (p < 0.05). In the ZS-HRRCC cohort, CDK5 was associated with decreased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, which was proved by immunohistochemistry (p < 0.05) and flow cytometry (Spearman's ρ=-0.49, p < 0.001). In the high CDK5 subgroup, CD8+ T cells revealed a dysfunction phenotype with decreased granzyme B, and more regulatory T cells were identified. A predictive score was further constructed by random forest, involving CDK5 and T cell exhaustion features. The RFscore was also validated in both cohorts. By utilizing the model, more patients might be distinguished from the overall cohort. Additionally, only in the low RFscore did TKI+IO outperform TKI monotherapy. CONCLUSION High-CDK5 expression was associated with immunosuppression and TKI+IO resistance. RFscore based on CDK5 may be utilized as a biomarker to determine the optimal treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Zhaoyi Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
China
| | - Yanjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
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3
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Wong DP, Fritz CE, Feinberg D, Huang AY, Parameswaran R. p35 is a Crucial Player in NK-cell Cytotoxicity and TGFβ-mediated NK-cell Dysfunction. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:793-806. [PMID: 37377891 PMCID: PMC10162136 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with cytotoxic activity. Understanding the factors regulating cytotoxicity is crucial for improving NK-cell adoptive therapies. Here, we studied a previously unknown role of p35 (CDK5R1), a coactivator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in NK-cell function. p35 expression was thought to be neuronal-specific and the majority of studies are still focused on neuronal cells. Here, we show that CDK5 and p35 are expressed in NK cells and are kinase-active. NK cells from p35 knockout mice were analyzed and showed significantly increased cytotoxicity against murine cancer cells, while they did not show any differences in cell numbers or maturation stages. We confirmed this using human NK cells transduced with p35 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), showing similar increase in cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. Overexpression of p35 in NK cells resulted in moderate decrease in cytotoxicity, while expressing a kinase-dead mutant of CDK5 displayed increased cytotoxicity. Together, these data suggest that p35 negatively regulates NK-cell cytotoxicity. Surprisingly, we found that TGFβ, a known negative regulator of NK-cell cytotoxicity, induces p35 expression in NK cells. NK cells cultured with TGFβ exhibit reduced cytotoxicity, while NK cells transduced with p35 shRNA or mutant CDK5 expression exhibited partial reversal of this inhibitory effect pointing to an interesting hypothesis that p35 plays an important role in TGFβ-mediated NK-cell exhaustion. Significance This study reports a role for p35 in NK-cell cytotoxicity and this might help to improve NK-cell adoptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Claire E. Fritz
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel Feinberg
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alex Y. Huang
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Reshmi Parameswaran
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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4
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Perucho L, Icardi L, Di Simone E, Basso V, Agresti A, Vilas Zornoza A, Lozano T, Prosper F, Lasarte JJ, Mondino A. The transcriptional regulator Sin3A balances IL-17A and Foxp3 expression in primary CD4 T cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55326. [PMID: 36929576 PMCID: PMC10157306 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sin3 transcriptional regulator homolog A (Sin3A) is the core member of a multiprotein chromatin-modifying complex. Its inactivation at the CD4/CD8 double-negative stage halts further thymocyte development. Among various functions, Sin3A regulates STAT3 transcriptional activity, central to the differentiation of Th17 cells active in inflammatory disorders and opportunistic infections. To further investigate the consequences of conditional Sin3A inactivation in more mature precursors and post-thymic T cell, we have generated CD4-Cre and CD4-CreERT2 Sin3AF/F mice. Sin3A inactivation in vivo hinders both thymocyte development and peripheral T-cell survival. In vitro, in Th17 skewing conditions, Sin3A-deficient cells proliferate and acquire memory markers and yet fail to properly upregulate Il17a, Il23r, and Il22. Instead, IL-2+ and FOXP3+ are mostly enriched for, and their inhibition partially rescues IL-17A+ T cells. Notably, Sin3A deletion also causes an enrichment of genes implicated in the mTORC1 signaling pathway, overt STAT3 activation, and aberrant cytoplasmic RORγt accumulation. Thus, together our data unveil a previously unappreciated role for Sin3A in shaping critical signaling events central to the acquisition of immunoregulatory T-cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perucho
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Icardi
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Simone
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Basso
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Agresti
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Amaia Vilas Zornoza
- Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and CCUN, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CCUN, IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and CCUN, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), CCUN, IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Mondino
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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5
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Estrogen receptor alpha and NFATc1 bind to a bone mineral density-associated SNP to repress WNT5B in osteoblasts. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:97-115. [PMID: 34906330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors and estrogen deficiency contribute to the development of osteoporosis. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2887571 is predicted from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to associate with osteoporosis but has had an unknown mechanism. Analysis of osteoblasts from 110 different individuals who underwent joint replacement revealed that the genotype of rs2887571 correlates with WNT5B expression. Analysis of our ChIP-sequencing data revealed that SNP rs2887571 overlaps with an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) binding site. Here we show that 17β-estradiol (E2) suppresses WNT5B expression and further demonstrate the mechanism of ERα binding at the enhancer containing rs2887571 to suppress WNT5B expression differentially in each genotype. ERα interacts with NFATc1, which is predicted to bind directly at rs2887571. CRISPR-Cas9 and ChIP-qPCR experiments confirm differential regulation of WNT5B between each allele. Homozygous GG has a higher binding affinity for ERα than homozygous AA and results in greater suppression of WNT5B expression. Functionally, WNT5B represses alkaline phosphatase expression and activity, decreasing osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Furthermore, WNT5B increases interleukin-6 expression and suppresses E2-induced expression of alkaline phosphatase during osteoblast differentiation. We show that WNT5B suppresses the differentiation of osteoblasts via receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1/2 (ROR1/2), which activates DVL2/3/RAC1/CDC42/JNK/SIN3A signaling and inhibits β-catenin activity. Together, our data provide mechanistic insight into how ERα and NFATc1 regulate the non-coding SNP rs2887571, as well as the function of WNT5B on osteoblasts, which could provide alternative therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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6
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Terse A, Amin N, Hall B, Bhaskar M, Binukumar B, Utreras E, Pareek TK, Pant H, Kulkarni AB. Protocols for Characterization of Cdk5 Kinase Activity. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e276. [PMID: 34679246 PMCID: PMC8555461 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are generally known to be involved in controlling the cell cycle, but Cdk5 is a unique member of this protein family for being most active in post-mitotic neurons. Cdk5 is developmentally important in regulating neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth, and axon guidance. Cdk5 is enriched in synaptic membranes and is known to modulate synaptic activity. Postnatally, Cdk5 can also affect neuronal processes such as dopaminergic signaling and pain sensitivity. Dysregulated Cdk5, in contrast, has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite primarily being implicated in neuronal development and activity, Cdk5 has lately been linked to non-neuronal functions including cancer cell growth, immune responses, and diabetes. Since Cdk5 activity is tightly regulated, a method for measuring its kinase activity is needed to fully understand the precise role of Cdk5 in developmental and disease processes. This article includes methods for detecting Cdk5 kinase activity in cultured cells or tissues, identifying new substrates, and screening for new kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, since Cdk5 shares homology and substrate specificity with Cdk1 and Cdk2, the Cdk5 kinase assay can be used, with modification, to measure the activity of other Cdks as well. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol 1: Measuring Cdk5 activity from protein lysates Support Protocol 1: Immunoprecipitation of Cdk5 using Dynabeads Alternate Protocol: Non-radioactive protocols to measure Cdk5 kinase activity Support Protocol 2: Western blot analysis for the detection of Cdk5, p35, and p39 Support Protocol 3: Immunodetection analysis for Cdk5, p35, and p39 Support Protocol 4: Genetically engineered mice (+ and - controls) Basic Protocol 2: Identifying new Cdk5 substrates and kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Terse
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niranjana Amin
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bradford Hall
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manju Bhaskar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.K Binukumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Elias Utreras
- Department of Biology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Harish Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashok B. Kulkarni
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Munro SK, Balakrishnan B, Lissaman AC, Gujral P, Ponnampalam AP. Cytokines and pregnancy: Potential regulation by histone deacetylases. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:321-337. [PMID: 33904218 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are important regulators of pregnancy and parturition. Aberrant expression of proinflammatory cytokines during pregnancy contributes towards preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. The regulation of cytokine expression in human cells is highly complex, involving interactions between environment, transcription factors, and feedback mechanisms. Recent developments in epigenetic research have made tremendous advancements in exploring histone modifications as a key epigenetic regulator of cytokine expression and the effect of their signaling molecules on various organ systems in the human body. Histone acetylation and subsequent deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) are major epigenetic regulators of protein expression in the human body. The expression of various proinflammatory cytokines, their role in normal and abnormal pregnancy, and their epigenetic regulation via HDACs will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl K Munro
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Biju Balakrishnan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Abbey C Lissaman
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Palak Gujral
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna P Ponnampalam
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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8
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of R/S-Roscovitine and CDKs Related Inhibition under Both Focal and Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Focus on Neurovascular Unit and Immune Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010104. [PMID: 33429982 PMCID: PMC7827530 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Following ischemic stroke, Neurovascular Unit (NVU) inflammation and peripheral leucocytes infiltration are major contributors to the extension of brain lesions. For a long time restricted to neurons, the 10 past years have shown the emergence of an increasing number of studies focusing on the role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) on the other cells of NVU, as well as on the leucocytes. The most widely used CDKs inhibitor, (R)-roscovitine, and its (S) isomer both decreased brain lesions in models of global and focal cerebral ischemia. We previously showed that (S)-roscovitine acted, at least, by modulating NVU response to ischemia. Interestingly, roscovitine was shown to decrease leucocytes-mediated inflammation in several inflammatory models. Specific inhibition of roscovitine majors target CDK 1, 2, 5, 7, and 9 showed that these CDKs played key roles in inflammatory processes of NVU cells and leucocytes after brain lesions, including ischemic stroke. The data summarized here support the investigation of roscovitine as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke, and provide an overview of CDK 1, 2, 5, 7, and 9 functions in brain cells and leucocytes during cerebral ischemia.
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9
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Do PA, Lee CH. The Role of CDK5 in Tumours and Tumour Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E101. [PMID: 33396266 PMCID: PMC7795262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which belongs to the protein kinase family, regulates neuronal function but is also associated with cancer development and has been proposed as a target for cancer treatment. Indeed, CDK5 has roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune response. Aberrant CDK5 activation triggers tumour progression in numerous types of cancer. In this review, we summarise the role of CDK5 in cancer and neurons and CDK5 inhibitors. We expect that our review helps researchers to develop CDK5 inhibitors as treatments for refractory cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Phamaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team, and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang 100-715, Korea;
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10
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Petroni G, Formenti SC, Chen-Kiang S, Galluzzi L. Immunomodulation by anticancer cell cycle inhibitors. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:669-679. [PMID: 32346095 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle proteins that are often dysregulated in malignant cells, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6, have attracted considerable interest as potential targets for cancer therapy. In this context, multiple inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 have been developed, including three small molecules (palbociclib, abemaciclib and ribociclib) that are currently approved for the treatment of patients with breast cancer and are being extensively tested in individuals with other solid and haematological malignancies. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that the anticancer activity of CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors results not only from their ability to block the cell cycle in malignant cells but also from a range of immunostimulatory effects. In this Review, we discuss the ability of anticancer cell cycle inhibitors to modulate various immune functions in support of effective antitumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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11
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Sharma S, Sicinski P. A kinase of many talents: non-neuronal functions of CDK5 in development and disease. Open Biol 2020; 10:190287. [PMID: 31910742 PMCID: PMC7014686 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) represents an unusual member of the family of cyclin-dependent kinases, which is activated upon binding to non-cyclin p35 and p39 proteins. The role of CDK5 in the nervous system has been very well established. In addition, there is growing evidence that CDK5 is also active in non-neuronal tissues, where it has been postulated to affect a variety of functions such as the immune response, angiogenesis, myogenesis, melanogenesis and regulation of insulin levels. Moreover, high levels of CDK5 have been observed in different tumour types, and CDK5 was proposed to play various roles in the tumorigenic process. In this review, we discuss these various CDK5 functions in normal physiology and disease, and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting CDK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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12
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A unique tolerizing dendritic cell phenotype induced by the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-DFPA (RTA-408) is protective against EAE. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9886. [PMID: 28851867 PMCID: PMC5575165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) have emerged as relevant clinical targets for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. However, the pathways essential for conferring the tolerizing DC phenotype and optimal methods for their induction remain an intense area of research. Triterpenoids are a class of small molecules with potent immunomodulatory activity linked to activation of Nrf2 target genes, and can also suppress the manifestations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here we demonstrate that DCs are a principal target of the immune modulating activity of triterpenoids in the context of EAE. Exposure of DCs to the new class of triterpenoid CDDO-DFPA (RTA-408) results in the induction of HO-1, TGF-β, and IL-10, as well as the repression of NF-κB, EDN-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and TNFα. CDDO-DFPA exposed DCs retained expression of surface ligands and capacity for antigen uptake but were impaired to induce Th1 and Th17 cells. TGF-β was identified as the factor mediating suppression of T cell proliferation by CDDO-DFPA pretreated DCs, which failed to passively induce EAE. These findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic utility of CDDO-DFPA in the treatment and prevention of autoimmune disorders, and its capacity to induce tolerance via modulation of the DC phenotype.
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13
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity is required for allogeneic T-cell responses after hematopoietic cell transplantation in mice. Blood 2016; 129:246-256. [PMID: 28064242 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-702738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular intermediates in T-cell activation pathways are crucial targets for the therapy and prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). We recently identified an essential role for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in T-cell activation and effector function, but the contribution of Cdk5 activity to the development of GVHD has not been explored. Using an established, preclinical, murine, GVHD model, we reveal that Cdk5 activity is increased in key target organs early after allo-HCT. We then generated chimeric mice (Cdk5+/+C or Cdk5-/-C) using hematopoietic progenitors from either embryonic day 16.5 Cdk5+/+ or Cdk5-/- embryos to enable analyses of the role of Cdk5 in GVHD, as germ line Cdk5 gene deletion is embryonically lethal. The immunophenotype of adult Cdk5-/-C mice is identical to control Cdk5+/+C mice. However, transplantation of donor Cdk5-/-C bone marrow and T cells dramatically reduced the severity of systemic and target organ GVHD. This phenotype is attributed to decreased T-cell migration to secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), reduced in vivo proliferation within these organs, and fewer cytokine-producing donor T cells during GVHD development. Moreover, these defects in Cdk5-/- T-cell function are associated with altered CCR7 signaling following ligation by CCL19, a receptor:ligand interaction critical for T-cell migration into SLOs. Although Cdk5 activity in donor T cells contributed to graft-versus-tumor effects, pharmacologic inhibition of Cdk5 preserved leukemia-free survival. Collectively, our data implicate Cdk5 in allogeneic T-cell responses after HCT and as an important new target for therapeutic intervention.
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14
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Pan H, Han Y, Huang J, Yu X, Jiao C, Yang X, Dhaliwal P, Xie Y, Yang BB. Purification and identification of a polysaccharide from medicinal mushroom Amauroderma rude with immunomodulatory activity and inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26219260 PMCID: PMC4627345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms in recent years have been the subject of many experiments searching for anticancer properties. We previously screened thirteen mushrooms for their potential in inhibiting tumor growth, and found that the water extract of Amauroderma rude exerted the highest activity. Previous studies have shown that the polysaccharides contained in the water extract were responsible for the anticancer properties. This study was designed to explore the potential effects of the polysaccharides on immune regulation and tumor growth. Using the crude Amauroderma rude extract, in vitro experiments showed that the capacities of spleen lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells were all increased. In vivo experiments showed that the extract increased macrophage metabolism, lymphocyte proliferation, and antibody production. In addition, the partially purified product stimulated the secretion of cytokines in vitro, and in vivo. Overall, the extract decreased tumor growth rates. Lastly, the active compound was purified and identified as polysaccharide F212. Most importantly, the purified polysaccharide had the highest activity in increasing lymphocyte proliferation. In summary, this molecule may serve as a lead compound for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Pan
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiguo Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongtao Yu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunwei Jiao
- Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Preet Dhaliwal
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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15
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Lam E, Choi SH, Pareek TK, Kim BG, Letterio JJ. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 represses Foxp3 gene expression and Treg development through specific phosphorylation of Stat3 at Serine 727. Mol Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26198700 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is known as a unique member of the cyclin-dependent family of serine/threonine kinases. Previously, we demonstrated Cdk5 to be an important regulator of T cell function and that disruption of Cdk5 expression ameliorates T cell mediated neuroinflammation. Here, we show a novel role of Cdk5 in the regulation of Foxp3 expression in murine CD4(+) T cells. Our data indicate that disruption of Cdk5 activity in T cells abrogates the IL-6 suppression of Foxp3 expression. This effect is achieved through Cdk5 phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) specifically at Serine 727 in T cells, and we show this post-translational modification is required for proper Stat3 DNA binding to the Foxp3 gene on the enhancer II region. Taken together, our data point to an essential role for Cdk5 in the differentiation of T cells as it regulates Foxp3 gene expression through phosphorylation of Stat3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Center, The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute, United States; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Center, The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute, United States; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Tej K Pareek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Center, The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute, United States; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Center, The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute, United States; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - John J Letterio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Center, The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute, United States; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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16
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Haery L, Thompson RC, Gilmore TD. Histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases in B- and T-cell development, physiology and malignancy. Genes Cancer 2015; 6:184-213. [PMID: 26124919 PMCID: PMC4482241 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of B and T cells from hematopoietic precursors and the regulation of the functions of these immune cells are complex processes that involve highly regulated signaling pathways and transcriptional control. The signaling pathways and gene expression patterns that give rise to these developmental processes are coordinated, in part, by two opposing classes of broad-based enzymatic regulators: histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HATs and HDACs can modulate gene transcription by altering histone acetylation to modify chromatin structure, and by regulating the activity of non-histone substrates, including an array of immune-cell transcription factors. In addition to their role in normal B and T cells, dysregulation of HAT and HDAC activity is associated with a variety of B- and T-cell malignancies. In this review, we describe the roles of HATs and HDACs in normal B- and T-cell physiology, describe mutations and dysregulation of HATs and HDACs that are implicated lymphoma and leukemia, and discuss HAT and HDAC inhibitors that have been explored as treatment options for leukemias and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Haery
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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