1
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Chen Q, Le X, Li Q, Liu S, Chen Z. Exploration of inhibitors targeting KIF18A with ploidy-specific lethality. Drug Discov Today 2024:104142. [PMID: 39168405 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Currently, various antimitotic inhibitors applied in tumor therapy. However, these inhibitors exhibit targeted toxicity to some extent. As a motor protein, kinesin family member 18A (KIF18A) is crucial to spindle formation and is associated with tumors exhibiting characteristics such as chromosomal aneuploidy, whole-genome doubling, and chromosomal instability. Differing from traditional antimitotic targets, KIF18A exhibits tumor-specific selectivity. The functional loss or attenuation of KIF18A results in vulnerability of tumor cells with ploidy-specific characteristics, with lesser effects on diploid cells. Research on inhibitors targeting KIF18A with ploidy-specific lethality holds significant importance. This review provides a brief overview of the regulatory mechanisms of the ploidy-specific lethality target KIF18A and the research advancements in its inhibitors, aiming to facilitate the development of KIF18A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyang Le
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qianbin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Suyou Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Small Molecules for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Disease, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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2
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Gliech CR, Yeow ZY, Tapias-Gomez D, Yang Y, Huang Z, Tijhuis AE, Spierings DC, Foijer F, Chung G, Tamayo N, Bahrami-Nejad Z, Collins P, Nguyen TT, Plata Stapper A, Hughes PE, Payton M, Holland AJ. Weakened APC/C activity at mitotic exit drives cancer vulnerability to KIF18A inhibition. EMBO J 2024; 43:666-694. [PMID: 38279026 PMCID: PMC10907621 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of current antimitotic cancer drugs is limited by toxicity in highly proliferative healthy tissues. A cancer-specific dependency on the microtubule motor protein KIF18A therefore makes it an attractive therapeutic target. Not all cancers require KIF18A, however, and the determinants underlying this distinction remain unclear. Here, we show that KIF18A inhibition drives a modest and widespread increase in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling from kinetochores which can result in lethal mitotic delays. Whether cells arrest in mitosis depends on the robustness of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and cells predisposed with weak basal anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity and/or persistent SAC signaling through metaphase are uniquely sensitive to KIF18A inhibition. KIF18A-dependent cancer cells exhibit hallmarks of this SAC:APC/C imbalance, including a long metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and slow mitosis overall. Together, our data reveal vulnerabilities in the cell division apparatus of cancer cells that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Gliech
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhong Y Yeow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daniel Tapias-Gomez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andréa E Tijhuis
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, AV, 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Cj Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, AV, 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, AV, 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Grace Chung
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Nuria Tamayo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | | | - Patrick Collins
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94084, USA
| | - Thong T Nguyen
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94084, USA
| | - Andres Plata Stapper
- Center for Research Acceleration by Digital Innovation, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94084, USA
| | - Paul E Hughes
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Marc Payton
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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3
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Nair VM, Sabu AS, Hussain A, Kombarakkaran DP, Lakshmi RB, Manna TK. E3-ubiquitin ligase, FBXW7 regulates mitotic progression by targeting BubR1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:374. [PMID: 38008853 PMCID: PMC11072012 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation requires correct attachment of kinetochores with the spindle microtubules. Erroneously-attached kinetochores recruit proteins to activate Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which senses the errors and signals cells to delay anaphase progression for error correction. Temporal control of the levels of SAC activating-proteins is critical for checkpoint activation and silencing, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that E3 ubiquitin ligase, SCF-FBXW7 targets BubR1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and thereby controls SAC in human cells. Depletion of FBXW7 results in prolonged metaphase arrest with increased stabilization of BubR1 at kinetochores. Similar kinetochore stabilization is also observed for BubR1-interacting protein, CENP-E. FBXW7 induced ubiquitination of both BubR1 and the BubR1-interacting kinetochore-targeting domain of CENP-E, but CENP-E domain degradation is dependent on BubR1. Interestingly, Cdk1 inhibition disrupts FBXW7-mediated BubR1 targeting and further, phospho-resistant mutation of Cdk1-targeted phosphorylation site, Thr 620 impairs BubR1-FBXW7 interaction and FBXW7-mediated BubR1 ubiquitination, supporting its role as a phosphodegron for FBXW7. The results demonstrate SCF-FBXW7 as a key regulator of spindle assembly checkpoint that controls stability of BubR1 and its associated CENP-E at kinetochores. They also support that upstream Cdk1 specific BubR1 phosphorylation signals the ligase to activate the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu M Nair
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Amit Santhu Sabu
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Delvin P Kombarakkaran
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - R Bhagya Lakshmi
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Tapas K Manna
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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4
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Zhao L, Ye S, Jing S, Gao YJ, He T. Targeting TRIP13 for overcoming anticancer drug resistance (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 50:202. [PMID: 37800638 PMCID: PMC10565899 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the greatest dangers to human wellbeing and survival. A key barrier to effective cancer therapy is development of resistance to anti‑cancer medications. In cancer cells, the AAA+ ATPase family member thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) is key in promoting treatment resistance. Nonetheless, knowledge of the molecular processes underlying TRIP13‑based resistance to anticancer therapies is lacking. The present study evaluated the function of TRIP13 expression in anticancer drug resistance and potential methods to overcome this resistance. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms by which TRIP13 promotes resistance to anticancer drugs were explored, including induction of mitotic checkpoint complex surveillance system malfunction, promotion of DNA repair, the enhancement of autophagy and the prevention of immunological clearance. The effects of combination treatment, which include a TRIP13 inhibitor in addition to other inhibitors, were discussed. The present study evaluated the literature on TRIP13 as a possible target and its association with anticancer drug resistance, which may facilitate improvements in current anticancer therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Ye
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Jing
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhen He
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
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5
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Chen YZ, Zimyanin V, Redemann S. Loss of the mitochondrial protein SPD-3 elevates PLK-1 levels and dysregulates mitotic events. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302011. [PMID: 37684042 PMCID: PMC10488725 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, Polo-like kinase (PLK1) controls several mitotic events including nuclear envelope breakdown, centrosome maturation, spindle assembly and progression through mitosis. Here we show that a mutation in the mitochondria-localized protein SPD-3 affects mitotic events by inducing elevated levels of PLK-1 in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. SPD-3 mutant embryos contain abnormally positioned mitotic chromosomes, show a delay in anaphase onset and asymmetrically disassemble the nuclear lamina. We found that more PLK-1 accumulated on centrosomes, nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, and chromatin before NEBD, suggesting that PLK-1 overexpression is responsible for some of the observed mitotic phenotypes. In agreement with this, the chromosome positioning defects of the spd-3(oj35) mutant could be rescued by reducing PLK-1 levels. Our data suggests that the mitochondrial SPD-3 protein affects chromosome positioning and nuclear envelope integrity by up-regulating the endogenous levels of PLK-1 during early embryogenesis in C. elegans This finding suggests a novel link between mitochondria and nuclear envelope dynamics and chromosome positioning by increasing the amount of a key mitotic regulator, PLK-1, providing a novel link between mitochondria and mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zen Chen
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vitaly Zimyanin
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stefanie Redemann
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- https://ror.org/0153tk833 Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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6
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Bertran-Alamillo J, Giménez-Capitán A, Román R, Talbot S, Whiteley R, Floc'h N, Martínez-Pérez E, Martin MJ, Smith PD, Sullivan I, Terp MG, Saeh J, Marino-Buslje C, Fabbri G, Guo G, Xu M, Tornador C, Aguilar-Hernández A, Reguart N, Ditzel HJ, Martínez-Bueno A, Nabau-Moretó N, Gascó A, Rosell R, Pease JE, Polanska UM, Travers J, Urosevic J, Molina-Vila MA. BID expression determines the apoptotic fate of cancer cells after abrogation of the spindle assembly checkpoint by AURKB or TTK inhibitors. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:110. [PMID: 37443114 PMCID: PMC10339641 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs targeting the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), such as inhibitors of Aurora kinase B (AURKB) and dual specific protein kinase TTK, are in different stages of clinical development. However, cell response to SAC abrogation is poorly understood and there are no markers for patient selection. METHODS A panel of 53 tumor cell lines of different origins was used. The effects of drugs were analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry. Copy number status was determined by FISH and Q-PCR; mRNA expression by nCounter and RT-Q-PCR and protein expression by Western blotting. CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used for gene knock-out (KO) and a doxycycline-inducible pTRIPZ vector for ectopic expression. Finally, in vivo experiments were performed by implanting cultured cells or fragments of tumors into immunodeficient mice. RESULTS Tumor cells and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) sensitive to AURKB and TTK inhibitors consistently showed high expression levels of BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID), while cell lines and PDXs with low BID were uniformly resistant. Gene silencing rendered BID-overexpressing cells insensitive to SAC abrogation while ectopic BID expression in BID-low cells significantly increased sensitivity. SAC abrogation induced activation of CASP-2, leading to cleavage of CASP-3 and extensive cell death only in presence of high levels of BID. Finally, a prevalence study revealed high BID mRNA in 6% of human solid tumors. CONCLUSIONS The fate of tumor cells after SAC abrogation is driven by an AURKB/ CASP-2 signaling mechanism, regulated by BID levels. Our results pave the way to clinically explore SAC-targeting drugs in tumors with high BID expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bertran-Alamillo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, C/ Sabino Arana 5-19, 08913, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Giménez-Capitán
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, C/ Sabino Arana 5-19, 08913, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Román
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, C/ Sabino Arana 5-19, 08913, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Talbot
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Rebecca Whiteley
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Nicolas Floc'h
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Matthew J Martin
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Paul D Smith
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Ivana Sullivan
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Mikkel G Terp
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, 5000, Denmark
| | - Jamal Saeh
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | - Giulia Fabbri
- Translational Medicine, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Grace Guo
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Man Xu
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Noemí Reguart
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, 5000, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Amaya Gascó
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, 08916, Spain
| | - J Elizabeth Pease
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Urszula M Polanska
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Jon Travers
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Jelena Urosevic
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
| | - Miguel A Molina-Vila
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quiron Dexeus University Hospital, C/ Sabino Arana 5-19, 08913, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Ide AH, DeLuca KF, Wiggan O, Markus SM, DeLuca JG. The role of kinetochore dynein in checkpoint silencing is restricted to disassembly of the corona. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar76. [PMID: 37126397 PMCID: PMC10295480 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-04-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, kinetochore-microtubule attachments are monitored by a molecular surveillance system known as the spindle assembly checkpoint. The prevailing model posits that dynein evicts checkpoint proteins (e.g., Mad1, Mad2) from stably attached kinetochores by transporting them away from kinetochores, thus contributing to checkpoint silencing. However, the mechanism by which dynein performs this function, and its precise role in checkpoint silencing remain unresolved. Here, we find that dynein's role in checkpoint silencing is restricted to evicting checkpoint effectors from the fibrous corona, and not the outer kinetochore. Dynein evicts these molecules from the corona in a manner that does not require stable, end-on microtubule attachments. Thus, by disassembling the corona through indiscriminate microtubule encounters, dynein primes the checkpoint signaling apparatus so it can respond to stable end-on microtubule attachments and permit cells to progress through mitosis. Accordingly, we find that dynein function in checkpoint silencing becomes largely dispensable in cells in which checkpoint effectors are excluded from the corona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H. Ide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Keith F. DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - O’Neil Wiggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Steven M. Markus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Jennifer G. DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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8
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Goo BS, Mun DJ, Kim S, Nhung TTM, Lee SB, Woo Y, Kim SJ, Suh BK, Park SJ, Lee HE, Park K, Jang H, Rah JC, Yoon KJ, Baek ST, Park SY, Park SK. Schizophrenia-associated Mitotic Arrest Deficient-1 (MAD1) regulates the polarity of migrating neurons in the developing neocortex. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:856-870. [PMID: 36357673 PMCID: PMC9908555 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified an association between MAD1L1 (Mitotic Arrest Deficient-1 Like 1) and the pathology of schizophrenia, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to address these mechanisms by examining the role of MAD1 (the gene product of MAD1L1) in key neurodevelopmental processes in mice and human organoids. Our findings indicated that MAD1 is highly expressed during active cortical development and that MAD1 deficiency leads to impairments in neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth. We also observed that MAD1 is localized to the Golgi apparatus and regulates vesicular trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, which is required for the growth and polarity of migrating neurons. In this process, MAD1 physically interacts and collaborates with the kinesin-like protein KIFC3 (kinesin family member C3) to regulate the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and neuronal polarity, thereby ensuring proper neuronal migration and differentiation. Consequently, our findings indicate that MAD1 is an essential regulator of neuronal development and that alterations in MAD1 may underlie schizophrenia pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon Seong Goo
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Mun
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Truong Thi My Nhung
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Woo
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Suh
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Park
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.168645.80000 0001 0742 0364Present Address: Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Hee-Eun Lee
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kunyou Park
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Jang
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Rah
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Hyper-active RAS/MAPK introduces cancer-specific mitotic vulnerabilities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208255119. [PMID: 36191188 PMCID: PMC9565228 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208255119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, the incorrect number of whole chromosomes, is a common feature of tumors that contributes to their initiation and evolution. Preventing aneuploidy requires properly functioning kinetochores, which are large protein complexes assembled on centromeric DNA that link mitotic chromosomes to dynamic spindle microtubules and facilitate chromosome segregation. The kinetochore leverages at least two mechanisms to prevent aneuploidy: error correction and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). BubR1, a factor involved in both processes, was identified as a cancer dependency and therapeutic target in multiple tumor types; however, it remains unclear what specific oncogenic pressures drive this enhanced dependency on BubR1 and whether it arises from BubR1's regulation of the SAC or error-correction pathways. Here, we use a genetically controlled transformation model and glioblastoma tumor isolates to show that constitutive signaling by RAS or MAPK is necessary for cancer-specific BubR1 vulnerability. The MAPK pathway enzymatically hyperstimulates a network of kinetochore kinases that compromises chromosome segregation, rendering cells more dependent on two BubR1 activities: counteracting excessive kinetochore-microtubule turnover for error correction and maintaining the SAC. This work expands our understanding of how chromosome segregation adapts to different cellular states and reveals an oncogenic trigger of a cancer-specific defect.
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10
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DeLuca KF, Mick JE, Ide AH, Lima WC, Sherman L, Schaller KL, Anderson SM, Zhao N, Stasevich TJ, Varma D, Nilsson J, DeLuca JG. Generation and diversification of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. eLife 2021; 10:72093. [PMID: 34970967 PMCID: PMC8763395 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are indispensable tools used for a large number of applications in both foundational and translational bioscience research; however, there are drawbacks to using traditional antibodies generated in animals. These include a lack of standardization leading to problems with reproducibility, high costs of antibodies purchased from commercial sources, and ethical concerns regarding the large number of animals used to generate antibodies. To address these issues, we have developed practical methodologies and tools for generating low-cost, high-yield preparations of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments directed to protein epitopes from primary sequences. We describe these methods here, as well as approaches to diversify monoclonal antibodies, including customization of antibody species specificity, generation of genetically encoded small antibody fragments, and conversion of single chain antibody fragments (e.g. scFv) into full-length, bivalent antibodies. This study focuses on antibodies directed to epitopes important for mitosis and kinetochore function; however, the methods and reagents described here are applicable to antibodies and antibody fragments for use in any field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Jeanne E Mick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Amy Hodges Ide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Wanessa C Lima
- Geneva Antibody Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lori Sherman
- CU Cancer Center Cell Technologies Shared Resource, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Kristin L Schaller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Timothy J Stasevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
| | - Dileep Varma
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Germany
| | - Jennifer G DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
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11
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Luna-Maldonado F, Andonegui-Elguera MA, Díaz-Chávez J, Herrera LA. Mitotic and DNA Damage Response Proteins: Maintaining the Genome Stability and Working for the Common Good. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:700162. [PMID: 34966733 PMCID: PMC8710681 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.700162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular function is highly dependent on genomic stability, which is mainly ensured by two cellular mechanisms: the DNA damage response (DDR) and the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). The former provides the repair of damaged DNA, and the latter ensures correct chromosome segregation. This review focuses on recently emerging data indicating that the SAC and the DDR proteins function together throughout the cell cycle, suggesting crosstalk between both checkpoints to maintain genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luna-Maldonado
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas–Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Andonegui-Elguera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas–Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas–Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas–Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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13
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Ryniawec JM, Rogers GC. Centrosome instability: when good centrosomes go bad. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6775-6795. [PMID: 34476544 PMCID: PMC8560572 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The centrosome is a tiny cytoplasmic organelle that organizes and constructs massive molecular machines to coordinate diverse cellular processes. Due to its many roles during both interphase and mitosis, maintaining centrosome homeostasis is essential to normal health and development. Centrosome instability, divergence from normal centrosome number and structure, is a common pathognomonic cellular state tightly associated with cancers and other genetic diseases. As novel connections are investigated linking the centrosome to disease, it is critical to understand the breadth of centrosome functions to inspire discovery. In this review, we provide an introduction to normal centrosome function and highlight recent discoveries that link centrosome instability to specific disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Ryniawec
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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14
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Fischer ES, Yu CWH, Bellini D, McLaughlin SH, Orr CM, Wagner A, Freund SMV, Barford D. Molecular mechanism of Mad1 kinetochore targeting by phosphorylated Bub1. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52242. [PMID: 34013668 PMCID: PMC8391104 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During metaphase, in response to improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activates the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), an inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). This process is orchestrated by the kinase Mps1, which initiates the assembly of the MCC onto kinetochores through a sequential phosphorylation-dependent signalling cascade. The Mad1-Mad2 complex, which is required to catalyse MCC formation, is targeted to kinetochores through a direct interaction with the phosphorylated conserved domain 1 (CD1) of Bub1. Here, we present the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of Mad1 (Mad1CTD ) bound to two phosphorylated Bub1CD1 peptides at 1.75 Å resolution. This interaction is mediated by phosphorylated Bub1 Thr461, which not only directly interacts with Arg617 of the Mad1 RLK (Arg-Leu-Lys) motif, but also directly acts as an N-terminal cap to the CD1 α-helix dipole. Surprisingly, only one Bub1CD1 peptide binds to the Mad1 homodimer in solution. We suggest that this stoichiometry is due to inherent asymmetry in the coiled-coil of Mad1CTD and has implications for how the Mad1-Bub1 complex at kinetochores promotes efficient MCC assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dom Bellini
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
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15
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Bodrug T, Welsh KA, Hinkle M, Emanuele MJ, Brown NG. Intricate Regulatory Mechanisms of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome and Its Role in Chromatin Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687515. [PMID: 34109183 PMCID: PMC8182066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system is vital to nearly every biological process in eukaryotes. Specifically, the conjugation of Ub to target proteins by Ub ligases, such as the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), is paramount for cell cycle transitions as it leads to the irreversible destruction of cell cycle regulators by the proteasome. Through this activity, the RING Ub ligase APC/C governs mitosis, G1, and numerous aspects of neurobiology. Pioneering cryo-EM, biochemical reconstitution, and cell-based studies have illuminated many aspects of the conformational dynamics of this large, multi-subunit complex and the sophisticated regulation of APC/C function. More recent studies have revealed new mechanisms that selectively dictate APC/C activity and explore additional pathways that are controlled by APC/C-mediated ubiquitination, including an intimate relationship with chromatin regulation. These tasks go beyond the traditional cell cycle role historically ascribed to the APC/C. Here, we review these novel findings, examine the mechanistic implications of APC/C regulation, and discuss the role of the APC/C in previously unappreciated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kaeli A Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Megan Hinkle
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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16
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Ali MM, Di Marco M, Mahale S, Jachimowicz D, Kosalai ST, Reischl S, Statello L, Mishra K, Darnfors C, Kanduri M, Kanduri C. LY6K-AS lncRNA is a lung adenocarcinoma prognostic biomarker and regulator of mitotic progression. Oncogene 2021; 40:2463-2478. [PMID: 33674747 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in genomics unraveled several actionable mutational drivers in lung cancer, leading to promising therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the tumors' acquired resistance to the newly-developed as well as existing therapies restricts life quality improvements. Therefore, we investigated the noncoding portion of the human transcriptome in search of alternative actionable targets. We identified an antisense transcript, LY6K-AS, with elevated expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, and its higher expression in LUAD patients predicts poor survival outcomes. LY6K-AS abrogation interfered with the mitotic progression of lung cancer cells resulting in unfaithful chromosomal segregation. LY6K-AS interacts with and stabilizes 14-3-3 proteins to regulate the transcription of kinetochore and mitotic checkpoint proteins. We also show that LY6K-AS regulates the levels of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at the promoters of kinetochore members. Cisplatin treatment and LY6K-AS silencing affect many common pathways enriched in cell cycle-related functions. LY6K-AS silencing affects the growth of xenografts derived from wildtype and cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells. Collectively, these data indicate that LY6K-AS silencing is a promising therapeutic option for LUAD that inhibits oncogenic mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Moustafa Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mirco Di Marco
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sagar Mahale
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Jachimowicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Subazini Thankaswamy Kosalai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Reischl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luisa Statello
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kankadeb Mishra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catarina Darnfors
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meena Kanduri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chandrasekhar Kanduri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Guo Z, Dai Y, Hu W, Zhang Y, Cao Z, Pei W, Liu N, Nie J, Wu A, Mao W, Chang L, Li B, Pei H, Hei TK, Zhou G. The long noncoding RNA CRYBG3 induces aneuploidy by interfering with spindle assembly checkpoint via direct binding with Bub3. Oncogene 2021; 40:1821-1835. [PMID: 33564066 PMCID: PMC7946627 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of genomic instability that leads to tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. CDC20, Bub1, and Bub3 form the mitosis checkpoint complex (MCC) that binds the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C), a crucial factor of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), to ensure the bi-directional attachment and proper segregation of all sister chromosomes. However, just how MCC is regulated to ensure normal mitosis during cellular division remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that LNC CRYBG3, an ionizing radiation-inducible long noncoding RNA, directly binds with Bub3 and interrupts its interaction with CDC20 to result in aneuploidy. The 261-317 (S3) residual of the LNC CRYBG3 sequence is critical for its interaction with Bub3 protein. Overexpression of LNC CRYBG3 leads to aneuploidy and promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of lung cancer cells, implying that LNC CRYBG3 is a novel oncogene. These findings provide a novel mechanistic basis for the pathogenesis of NSCLC after exposure to ionizing radiation as well as a potential target for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of an often fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yingchu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhifei Cao
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weiwei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ningang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Anqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weidong Mao
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hailong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Tom K Hei
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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18
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Elowe S. Adventures of the undead at kinetochores. Mol Cell Oncol 2021; 8:1876511. [PMID: 33860079 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2021.1876511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
At the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, phosphatase activity feeds back to reverse early mitotic phosphorylation events. Our recent work indicates that the pseudokinase domain of the spindle checkpoint protein BUB1 (Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazoles 1) mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BUB1B, BUBR1) maintains kinase-phosphatase balance at the outer kinetochore during mitotic exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Elowe
- Axe de reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,PROTEO-regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l'ingénierie et les applications des protéines, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médicine, Université Laval et le Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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19
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Funk LC, Wan J, Ryan SD, Kaur C, Sullivan R, Roopra A, Weaver BA. p53 Is Not Required for High CIN to Induce Tumor Suppression. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:112-123. [PMID: 32948674 PMCID: PMC7810023 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer. While low levels of CIN can be tumor promoting, high levels of CIN cause cell death and tumor suppression. The widely used chemotherapeutic, paclitaxel (Taxol), exerts its anticancer effects by increasing CIN above a maximally tolerated threshold. One significant outstanding question is whether the p53 tumor suppressor is required for the cell death and tumor suppression caused by high CIN. Both p53 loss and reduction of the mitotic kinesin, centromere-associated protein-E, cause low CIN. Combining both genetic insults in the same cell leads to high CIN. Here, we test whether high CIN causes cell death and tumor suppression even in the absence p53. Despite a surprising sex-specific difference in tumor spectrum and latency in p53 heterozygous animals, these studies demonstrate that p53 is not required for high CIN to induce tumor suppression. Pharmacologic induction of high CIN results in equivalent levels of cell death due to loss of essential chromosomes in p53+/+ and p53-/- cells, further demonstrating that high CIN elicits cell death independently of p53 function. IMPLICATIONS: These results provide support for the efficacy of anticancer therapies that induce high CIN, even in tumors that lack functional p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Funk
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sean D Ryan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Charanjeet Kaur
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ruth Sullivan
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Beth A Weaver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Oncology/McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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20
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Gao L, Hou Y, Zeng S, Li J, Zhu S, Fu X. The Error-Prone Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments During Meiosis I in Vitrified Oocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:621. [PMID: 32733898 PMCID: PMC7363986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocytes vitrification is frequently applied in assisted reproductive technologies. However, chromosomes segregation was error-prone during meiosis maturation of vitrified oocytes. The fidelity of chromosomes segregation depends on the correct kinetochore-microtubule attachments (KT-MTs). In meiosis I, the Aurora B/C would not spatially separate from the attachment sites upon bivalents stretched. Oocytes lack a mechanism for coordinating bivalent stretching and Aurora B/C inhibition in meiosis I. Thus, the KT-MTs are unstable in oocytes. In this study, we firstly found the incorrect KT-MTs were markedly increased in vitrified oocytes. The Aurora B/C activity in vitrified oocytes was significantly increased when the bivalents were stretched. This Aurora B/C activity could not induce a SAC response, as the SAC protein Mad2 was significantly decreased during MI stage in vitrified oocytes. Thus, the KT-MTs in vitrified oocytes were error-prone. This study, for the first time, revealed the mechanism of the incorrect KT-MTs occurred in vitrified oocytes and provided a theoretical basis for further improvement of oocytes vitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenming Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyou Li
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shien Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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21
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Antagonistic activities of CDC14B and CDK1 on USP9X regulate WT1-dependent mitotic transcription and survival. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1268. [PMID: 32152317 PMCID: PMC7063047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mitosis secures cellular integrity and its failure critically contributes to the development, maintenance, and treatment resistance of cancer. In yeast, the dual phosphatase Cdc14 controls mitotic progression by antagonizing Cdk1-mediated protein phosphorylation. By contrast, specific mitotic functions of the mammalian Cdc14 orthologue CDC14B have remained largely elusive. Here, we find that CDC14B antagonizes CDK1-mediated activating mitotic phosphorylation of the deubiquitinase USP9X at serine residue 2563, which we show to be essential for USP9X to mediate mitotic survival. Starting from an unbiased proteome-wide screening approach, we specify Wilms' tumor protein 1 (WT1) as the relevant substrate that becomes deubiquitylated and stabilized by serine 2563-phosphorylated USP9X in mitosis. We further demonstrate that WT1 functions as a mitotic transcription factor and specify CXCL8/IL-8 as a target gene of WT1 that conveys mitotic survival. Together, we describe a ubiquitin-dependent signaling pathway that directs a mitosis-specific transcription program to regulate mitotic survival.
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22
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Keating L, Touati SA, Wassmann K. A PP2A-B56-Centered View on Metaphase-to-Anaphase Transition in Mouse Oocyte Meiosis I. Cells 2020; 9:E390. [PMID: 32046180 PMCID: PMC7072534 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is required to reduce to haploid the diploid genome content of a cell, generating gametes-oocytes and sperm-with the correct number of chromosomes. To achieve this goal, two specialized cell divisions without intermediate S-phase are executed in a time-controlled manner. In mammalian female meiosis, these divisions are error-prone. Human oocytes have an exceptionally high error rate that further increases with age, with significant consequences for human fertility. To understand why errors in chromosome segregation occur at such high rates in oocytes, it is essential to understand the molecular players at work controlling these divisions. In this review, we look at the interplay of kinase and phosphatase activities at the transition from metaphase-to-anaphase for correct segregation of chromosomes. We focus on the activity of PP2A-B56, a key phosphatase for anaphase onset in both mitosis and meiosis. We start by introducing multiple roles PP2A-B56 occupies for progression through mitosis, before laying out whether or not the same principles may apply to the first meiotic division in oocytes, and describing the known meiosis-specific roles of PP2A-B56 and discrepancies with mitotic cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Keating
- Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis (MOM) UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (L.K.); (S.A.T.)
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandra A. Touati
- Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis (MOM) UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (L.K.); (S.A.T.)
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Mammalian Oocyte Meiosis (MOM) UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (L.K.); (S.A.T.)
- CNRS UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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23
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Henschke L, Frese M, Hellmuth S, Marx A, Stemmann O, Mayer TU. Identification of Bioactive Small Molecule Inhibitors of Separase. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2155-2159. [PMID: 31553567 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Separase, a cysteine protease of the CD clan, triggers chromosome segregation during mitosis by cleaving the cohesin ring entrapping the two sister chromatids. Deregulated separase activity is associated with aneuploidy, a hallmark of most human cancers. In fact, separase is highly overexpressed in many solid cancers, making it an attractive chemotherapeutic target. To identify small molecules capable of inhibiting separase in its complex cellular environment, we established a highly sensitive assay to quantify separase activity in cells and screened a 51 009-member library for separase inhibitors. In vitro assays confirmed that the identified compounds efficiently inhibited separase, while not affecting caspase-1, another CD-clan protease structurally related to separase. Importantly, HeLa cells with compromised separase activity displayed severe chromosome segregation defects upon compound treatment, confirming that the identified inhibitors are bioactive in tumor tissue culture cells. Structure-activity relationship studies succeeded in the optimization of the most promising inhibitor. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying separase-specific inhibitors, which serve as promising lead compounds for the development of clinically relevant separase inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Henschke
- Department of Biology and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Matthias Frese
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Susanne Hellmuth
- Chair of Genetics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Olaf Stemmann
- Chair of Genetics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas U. Mayer
- Department of Biology and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
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24
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Miller MP, Evans RK, Zelter A, Geyer EA, MacCoss MJ, Rice LM, Davis TN, Asbury CL, Biggins S. Kinetochore-associated Stu2 promotes chromosome biorientation in vivo. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008423. [PMID: 31584935 PMCID: PMC6795502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate segregation of chromosomes to daughter cells is a critical aspect of cell division. It requires the kinetochores on duplicated chromosomes to biorient, attaching to microtubules from opposite poles of the cell. Bioriented attachments come under tension, while incorrect attachments lack tension and must be released to allow proper attachments to form. A well-studied error correction pathway is mediated by the Aurora B kinase, which destabilizes low tension-bearing attachments. We recently discovered that in vitro, kinetochores display an additional intrinsic tension-sensing pathway that utilizes Stu2. The contribution of kinetochore-associated Stu2 to error correction in cells, however, was unknown. Here, we identify a Stu2 mutant that abolishes its kinetochore function and show that it causes biorientation defects in vivo. We also show that this Stu2-mediated pathway functions together with the Aurora B-mediated pathway. Altogether, our work indicates that cells employ multiple pathways to ensure biorientation and the accuracy of chromosome segregation. The precise regulation of cell division is critical to processes such as self-renewal, proliferation and development. A key event in the cell cycle is the partitioning of every pair of duplicated chromosomes to daughter cells. Defects in chromosome partitioning lead to aneuploidy, a condition that is a common hallmark of cancer cells and the cause of some birth defects. Chromosomes segregate using their kinetochores, the specialized protein structures that are assembled on centromeric DNA sequences and attach to spindle microtubules. Here, we report that a protein that associates with kinetochores called Stu2 ensures that each kinetochore attaches to the proper microtubules. We identified a Stu2 mutant that does not associate with kinetochores and found that it generates aneuploidy. Together, our work identifies a previously unknown mechanism where cells ensure that chromosomes are accurately inherited during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Miller
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rena K. Evans
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alex Zelter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth A. Geyer
- Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Luke M. Rice
- Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Trisha N. Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States of America
| | - Charles L. Asbury
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sue Biggins
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Lu S, Qian J, Guo M, Gu C, Yang Y. Insights into a Crucial Role of TRIP13 in Human Cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:854-861. [PMID: 31321001 PMCID: PMC6612527 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid Hormone Receptor Interacting Protein 13 (TRIP13) plays a key role in regulating mitotic processes, including spindle assembly checkpoint and DNA repair pathways, which may account for Chromosome instability (CIN). As CIN is a predominant hallmark of cancer, TRIP13 may act as a tumor susceptibility locus. Amplification of TRIP13 has been observed in various human cancers and implicated in several aspects of malignant transformation, including cancer cell proliferation, drug resistance and tumor progression. Here, we discussed the functional significance of TRIP13 in cell progression, highlighted the recent findings on the aberrant expression in human cancers and emphasized its significance for the therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - J Qian
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - M Guo
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - C Gu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Y Yang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 0Nanjing, China
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26
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E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM Proteins, Cell Cycle and Mitosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050510. [PMID: 31137886 PMCID: PMC6562728 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is a series of events by which cellular components are accurately segregated into daughter cells, principally controlled by the oscillating activities of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their co-activators. In eukaryotes, DNA replication is confined to a discrete synthesis phase while chromosome segregation occurs during mitosis. During mitosis, the chromosomes are pulled into each of the two daughter cells by the coordination of spindle microtubules, kinetochores, centromeres, and chromatin. These four functional units tie chromosomes to the microtubules, send signals to the cells when the attachment is completed and the division can proceed, and withstand the force generated by pulling the chromosomes to either daughter cell. Protein ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that plays a central role in cellular homeostasis. E3 ubiquitin ligases mediate the transfer of ubiquitin to substrate proteins determining their fate. One of the largest subfamilies of E3 ubiquitin ligases is the family of the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, whose dysregulation is associated with a variety of cellular processes and directly involved in human diseases and cancer. In this review we summarize the current knowledge and emerging concepts about TRIMs and their contribution to the correct regulation of cell cycle, describing how TRIMs control the cell cycle transition phases and their involvement in the different functional units of the mitotic process, along with implications in cancer progression.
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27
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Vallardi G, Cordeiro MH, Saurin AT. A Kinase-Phosphatase Network that Regulates Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments and the SAC. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 56:457-484. [PMID: 28840249 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The KMN network (for KNL1, MIS12 and NDC80 complexes) is a hub for signalling at the outer kinetochore. It integrates the activities of two kinases (MPS1 and Aurora B) and two phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A-B56) to regulate kinetochore-microtubule attachments and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). We will first discuss each of these enzymes separately, to describe how they are regulated at kinetochores and why this is important for their primary function in controlling either microtubule attachments or the SAC. We will then discuss why inhibiting any one of them individually produces secondary effects on all the others. This cross-talk may help to explain why all enzymes have been linked to both processes, even though the direct evidence suggests they each control only one. This chapter therefore describes how a network of kinases and phosphatases work together to regulate two key mitotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vallardi
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Marilia Henriques Cordeiro
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Adrian Thomas Saurin
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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28
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Khumukcham SS, Samanthapudi VSK, Penugurti V, Kumari A, Kesavan PS, Velatooru LR, Kotla SR, Mazumder A, Manavathi B. Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein is a substrate and an inhibitor of the APC/C-Cdc20 complex and regulates mitosis by stabilizing cyclin B1. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10236-10252. [PMID: 31101654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper cell division relies on the coordinated regulation between a structural component, the mitotic spindle, and a regulatory component, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein (HPIP) is a microtubule-associated protein that plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation, cell migration, and tumor metastasis. Here, using HEK293T and HeLa cells, along with immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, live-cell imaging, and protein-stability assays, we report that HPIP expression oscillates throughout the cell cycle and that its depletion delays cell division. We noted that by utilizing its D box and IR domain, HPIP plays a dual role both as a substrate and inhibitor, respectively, of the APC/C complex. We observed that HPIP enhances the G2/M transition of the cell cycle by transiently stabilizing cyclin B1 by preventing APC/C-Cdc20-mediated degradation, thereby ensuring timely mitotic entry. We also uncovered that HPIP associates with the mitotic spindle and that its depletion leads to the formation of multiple mitotic spindles and chromosomal abnormalities, results in defects in cytokinesis, and delays mitotic exit. Our findings uncover HPIP as both a substrate and an inhibitor of APC/C-Cdc20 that maintains the temporal stability of cyclin B1 during the G2/M transition and thereby controls mitosis and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasudevarao Penugurti
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India and
| | - Anita Kumari
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India and
| | - P S Kesavan
- the Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500107, Telangana, India
| | - Loka Reddy Velatooru
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India and
| | - Siva Reddy Kotla
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India and
| | - Aprotim Mazumder
- the Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500107, Telangana, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- From the Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India and
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29
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Gomez-Acevedo H, Dornhoffer JR, Stone A, Dai Y, Richter GT. Gene Expression Differences in Pediatric Lymphatic Malformations: Size Really Matters. Lymphat Res Biol 2019; 16:347-352. [PMID: 30130159 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2017.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are congenital vascular anomalies characterized by dilated and cystic lymphatic channels. They are subdivided into macrocystic and microcystic lesions based upon the predominant size of the cysts involved. However, significant differences in clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognosis between macrocytic and microcytic disease suggest variation in underlying biologic and genetic influences. Indirect differential expression analysis revealed that 426 genes are significantly different (p < 0.01) in a small sample of LM subtypes. Functional analyses on the differentially expressed gene sets showed that microcystic LM gene expression favors a prooncogenic profile with upregulation of MYC target genes and cell cycle proteins, whereas macrocystic expression demonstrates hypoxic events that lead to angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Therefore, microcystic and macrocystic LMs, although histologically and physiologically similar, may occur under the influence of vastly different biological pathways and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Gomez-Acevedo
- 1 Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - James R Dornhoffer
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Annjanette Stone
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas.,4 Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Yuemeng Dai
- 5 Mesquite Rehabilitation Institute , Mesquite, Texas
| | - Gresham T Richter
- 6 Department Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas.,7 Arkansas Children's Hospital , Little Rock, Arkansas
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30
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Zhang G, Kruse T, Guasch Boldú C, Garvanska DH, Coscia F, Mann M, Barisic M, Nilsson J. Efficient mitotic checkpoint signaling depends on integrated activities of Bub1 and the RZZ complex. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.2018100977. [PMID: 30782962 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetochore localized Mad1 is essential for generating a "wait anaphase" signal during mitosis, hereby ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. Inconsistent models for the function and quantitative contribution of the two mammalian Mad1 kinetochore receptors: Bub1 and the Rod-Zw10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex exist. By combining genome editing and RNAi, we achieve penetrant removal of Bub1 and Rod in human cells, which reveals that efficient checkpoint signaling depends on the integrated activities of these proteins. Rod removal reduces the proximity of Bub1 and Mad1, and we can bypass the requirement for Rod by tethering Mad1 to kinetochores or increasing the strength of the Bub1-Mad1 interaction. We find that Bub1 has checkpoint functions independent of Mad1 localization that are supported by low levels of Bub1 suggesting a catalytic function. In conclusion, our results support an integrated model for the Mad1 receptors in which the primary role of RZZ is to localize Mad1 at kinetochores to generate the Mad1-Bub1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark .,Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Thomas Kruse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Guasch Boldú
- Cell Division Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dimitriya H Garvanska
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Coscia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Mann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Dasari R, Błauż A, Medellin DC, Kassim RM, Viera C, Santarosa M, van der Westhuyzen AE, van Otterlo WAL, Olivas T, Yildiz T, Betancourt T, Shuster CB, Rogelj S, Rychlik B, Hudnall T, Frolova LV, Kornienko A. Microtubule-Targeting 7-Deazahypoxanthines Derived from Marine Alkaloid Rigidins: Exploration of the N3 and N9 Positions and Interaction with Multidrug-Resistance Proteins. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:322-333. [PMID: 30562414 PMCID: PMC6476547 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratories have been investigating synthetic analogues of marine alkaloid rigidins that possess promising anticancer activities. These analogues, based on the 7-deazahypoxanthine skeleton, are available in one- or two-step synthetic sequences and exert cytotoxicity by disrupting microtubule dynamics in cancer cells. In the present work we extended the available structure-activity relationship (SAR) data to N3- and N9-substituted derivatives. Although N3 substitution results in loss of activity, the N9-substituted compounds retain nanomolar antiproliferative activities and the anti-tubulin mode of action of the original unsubstituted compounds. Furthermore, our results also demonstrate that multidrug-resistance (MDR) proteins do not confer resistance to both N9-unsubstituted and -substituted compounds. It was found that sublines overexpressing ABCG2, ABCC1, and ABCB1 proteins are as responsive to the rigidin analogues as their parental cell lines. Thus, the study reported herein provides further impetus to investigate the rigidin-inspired 7-deazahypoxanthines as promising anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Derek C Medellin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Roaa M Kassim
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Carlos Viera
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Maximo Santarosa
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Alet E van der Westhuyzen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Willem A L van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Taryn Olivas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Tugba Yildiz
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Charles B Shuster
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Snezna Rogelj
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Todd Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Liliya V Frolova
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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32
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Karasu ME, Bouftas N, Keeney S, Wassmann K. Cyclin B3 promotes anaphase I onset in oocyte meiosis. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1265-1281. [PMID: 30723090 PMCID: PMC6446836 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclins control the switch-like cell cycle transitions that orchestrate orderly duplication and segregation of genomes. Karasu et al. delineate an essential function for mouse cyclin B3 for anaphase onset in the first meiotic division of oocytes. Meiosis poses unique challenges because two rounds of chromosome segregation must be executed without intervening DNA replication. Mammalian cells express numerous temporally regulated cyclins, but how these proteins collaborate to control meiosis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that female mice genetically ablated for cyclin B3 are viable—indicating that the protein is dispensable for mitotic divisions—but are sterile. Mutant oocytes appear normal until metaphase I but then display a highly penetrant failure to transition to anaphase I. They arrest with hallmarks of defective anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activation, including no separase activity, high CDK1 activity, and high cyclin B1 and securin levels. Partial APC/C activation occurs, however, as exogenously expressed APC/C substrates can be degraded. Cyclin B3 forms active kinase complexes with CDK1, and meiotic progression requires cyclin B3–associated kinase activity. Cyclin B3 homologues from frog, zebrafish, and fruit fly rescue meiotic progression in cyclin B3–deficient mouse oocytes, indicating conservation of the biochemical properties and possibly cellular functions of this germline-critical cyclin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet E Karasu
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nora Bouftas
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7622, Paris, France
| | - Scott Keeney
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY .,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France .,Developmental Biology Lab, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7622, Paris, France
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33
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Zhang G, Nilsson J. The closed form of Mad2 is bound to Mad1 and Cdc20 at unattached kinetochores. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1087-1091. [PMID: 29895228 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1480209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures accurate chromosome segregation by delaying anaphase onset in response to unattached kinetochores. Anaphase is delayed by the generation of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) composed of the checkpoint proteins Mad2 and BubR1/Bub3 bound to the protein Cdc20. Current models assume that MCC production is catalyzed at unattached kinetochores and that the Mad1/Mad2 complex is instrumental in the conversion of Mad2 from an open form (O-Mad2) to a closed form (C-Mad2) that can bind to Cdc20. Importantly the levels of Mad2 at kinetochores correlate with SAC activity but whether C-Mad2 at kinetochores exclusively represents its complex with Mad1 is not fully established. Here we use a recently established C-Mad2 specific monoclonal antibody to show that Cdc20 and C-Mad2 levels correlate at kinetochores and that depletion of Cdc20 reduces Mad2 but not Mad1 kinetochore levels. Importantly reintroducing wild type Cdc20 but not Cdc20 R132A, a mutant form that cannot bind Mad2, restores Mad2 levels. In agreement with this live cell imaging of fluorescent tagged Mad2 reveals that Cdc20 depletion strongly reduces Mad2 localization to kinetochores. These results support the presence of Mad2-Cdc20 complexes at kinetochores in agreement with current models of the SAC but also argue that Mad2 levels at kinetochores cannot be used as a direct readout of Mad1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- a The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of health and medical sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,b Cancer Institute , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China.,c Qingdao Cancer Institute , Qingdao , China
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- a The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of health and medical sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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34
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Skowyra A, Allan LA, Saurin AT, Clarke PR. USP9X Limits Mitotic Checkpoint Complex Turnover to Strengthen the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint and Guard against Chromosomal Instability. Cell Rep 2018; 23:852-865. [PMID: 29669289 PMCID: PMC5917450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis depends on the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which delays progression through mitosis until every chromosome has stably attached to spindle microtubules via the kinetochore. We show here that the deubiquitinase USP9X strengthens the SAC by antagonizing the turnover of the mitotic checkpoint complex produced at unattached kinetochores. USP9X thereby opposes activation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and specifically inhibits the mitotic degradation of SAC-controlled APC/C substrates. We demonstrate that depletion or loss of USP9X reduces the effectiveness of the SAC, elevates chromosome segregation defects, and enhances chromosomal instability (CIN). These findings provide a rationale to explain why loss of USP9X could be either pro- or anti-tumorigenic depending on the existing level of CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Skowyra
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Lindsey A Allan
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Adrian T Saurin
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Paul R Clarke
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia.
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35
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Tension-Induced Error Correction and Not Kinetochore Attachment Status Activates the SAC in an Aurora-B/C-Dependent Manner in Oocytes. Curr Biol 2017; 28:130-139.e3. [PMID: 29276128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell division with partitioning of the genetic material should take place only when paired chromosomes named bivalents (meiosis I) or sister chromatids (mitosis and meiosis II) are correctly attached to the bipolar spindle in a tension-generating manner. For this to happen, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) checks whether unattached kinetochores are present, in which case anaphase onset is delayed to permit further establishment of attachments. Additionally, microtubules are stabilized when they are attached and under tension. In mitosis, attachments not under tension activate the so-named error correction pathway depending on Aurora B kinase substrate phosphorylation. This leads to microtubule detachments, which in turn activates the SAC [1-3]. Meiotic divisions in mammalian oocytes are highly error prone, with severe consequences for fertility and health of the offspring [4, 5]. Correct attachment of chromosomes in meiosis I leads to the generation of stretched bivalents, but-unlike mitosis-not to tension between sister kinetochores, which co-orient. Here, we set out to address whether reduction of tension applied by the spindle on bioriented bivalents activates error correction and, as a consequence, the SAC. Treatment of oocytes in late prometaphase I with Eg5 kinesin inhibitor affects spindle tension, but not attachments, as we show here using an optimized protocol for confocal imaging. After Eg5 inhibition, bivalents are correctly aligned but less stretched, and as a result, Aurora-B/C-dependent error correction with microtubule detachment takes place. This loss of attachments leads to SAC activation. Crucially, SAC activation itself does not require Aurora B/C kinase activity in oocytes.
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36
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Ji W, Luo Y, Ahmad E, Liu ST. Direct interactions of mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1) domains with each other and MAD2 conformers are required for mitotic checkpoint signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:484-496. [PMID: 29162720 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a sensitive signaling system, the mitotic checkpoint ensures faithful chromosome segregation by delaying anaphase onset even when a single kinetochore is unattached to mitotic spindle microtubules. The key signal amplification reaction for the checkpoint is the conformational conversion of "open" mitotic arrest deficient 2 (O-MAD2) into "closed" MAD2 (C-MAD2). The reaction has been suggested to be catalyzed by an unusual catalyst, a MAD1:C-MAD2 tetramer, but how the catalysis is executed and regulated remains elusive. Here, we report that in addition to the well-characterized middle region of MAD1 containing the MAD2-interaction motif (MIM), both N- and C-terminal domains (NTD and CTD) of MAD1 also contribute to mitotic checkpoint signaling. Unlike the MIM, which stably associated only with C-MAD2, the NTD and CTD in MAD1 surprisingly bound both O- and C-MAD2, suggesting that these two domains interact with both substrates and products of the O-to-C conversion. MAD1NTD and MAD1CTD also interacted with each other and with the MPS1 protein kinase, which phosphorylated both NTD and CTD. This phosphorylation decreased the NTD:CTD interaction and also CTD's interaction with MPS1. Of note, mutating the phosphorylation sites in the MAD1CTD, including Thr-716, compromised MAD2 binding and the checkpoint responses. We further noted that Ser-610 and Tyr-634 also contribute to the mitotic checkpoint signaling. Our results have uncovered that the MAD1NTD and MAD1CTD directly interact with each other and with MAD2 conformers and are regulated by MPS1 kinase, providing critical insights into mitotic checkpoint signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ji
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Yibo Luo
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Song-Tao Liu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
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37
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Gilberto S, Peter M. Dynamic ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle regulation. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2259-2271. [PMID: 28684425 PMCID: PMC5551716 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201703170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilberto and Peter discuss the role of ubiquitylation in the regulation of DNA replication and mitosis. The cell division cycle is driven by a collection of enzymes that coordinate DNA duplication and separation, ensuring that genomic information is faithfully and perpetually maintained. The activity of the effector proteins that perform and coordinate these biological processes oscillates by regulated expression and/or posttranslational modifications. Ubiquitylation is a cardinal cellular modification and is long known for driving cell cycle transitions. In this review, we emphasize emerging concepts of how ubiquitylation brings the necessary dynamicity and plasticity that underlie the processes of DNA replication and mitosis. New studies, often focusing on the regulation of chromosomal proteins like DNA polymerases or kinetochore kinases, are demonstrating that ubiquitylation is a versatile modification that can be used to fine-tune these cell cycle events, frequently through processes that do not involve proteasomal degradation. Understanding how the increasing variety of identified ubiquitin signals are transduced will allow us to develop a deeper mechanistic perception of how the multiple factors come together to faithfully propagate genomic information. Here, we discuss these and additional conceptual challenges that are currently under study toward understanding how ubiquitin governs cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gilberto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science PhD Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Funk LC, Zasadil LM, Weaver BA. Living in CIN: Mitotic Infidelity and Its Consequences for Tumor Promotion and Suppression. Dev Cell 2017; 39:638-652. [PMID: 27997823 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis have been recognized as a hallmark of tumor cells since the late 1800s, resulting in the long-standing hypothesis that mitotic abnormalities drive tumorigenesis. Recent work has shown that mitotic defects can promote tumors, suppress them, or do neither, depending on the rate of chromosome missegregation. Here we discuss the causes of chromosome missegregation, their effects on tumor initiation and progression, and the evidence that increasing the rate of chromosome missegregation may be an effective chemotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Funk
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lauren M Zasadil
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Beth A Weaver
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, 6109 WIMR I, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA.
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39
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Bub1 positions Mad1 close to KNL1 MELT repeats to promote checkpoint signalling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15822. [PMID: 28604727 PMCID: PMC5472792 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper segregation of chromosomes depends on a functional spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and requires kinetochore localization of the Bub1 and Mad1/Mad2 checkpoint proteins. Several aspects of Mad1/Mad2 kinetochore recruitment in human cells are unclear and in particular the underlying direct interactions. Here we show that conserved domain 1 (CD1) in human Bub1 binds directly to Mad1 and a phosphorylation site exists in CD1 that stimulates Mad1 binding and SAC signalling. Importantly, fusion of minimal kinetochore-targeting Bub1 fragments to Mad1 bypasses the need for CD1, revealing that the main function of Bub1 is to position Mad1 close to KNL1 MELT repeats. Furthermore, we identify residues in Mad1 that are critical for Mad1 functionality, but not Bub1 binding, arguing for a direct role of Mad1 in the checkpoint. This work dissects functionally relevant molecular interactions required for spindle assembly checkpoint signalling at kinetochores in human cells. The spindle assembly checkpoint ensures correct chromosome segregation and relies on kinetochore localization of the Bub1 and Mad1/Mad2 checkpoint proteins. Here the authors show that main function of Bub1 is to position Mad1 close to KNL1 MELT repeats in human cells.
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40
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Cdc20: At the Crossroads between Chromosome Segregation and Mitotic Exit. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:193-205. [PMID: 28202332 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-division cycle protein 20 homologue (Cdc20) has important functions in chromosome segregation and mitotic exit. Cdc20 is the target of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and a key cofactor of the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ubiquitin ligase, thus regulating APC/C ubiquitin activity on specific substrates for their subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Here we discuss the roles of Cdc20 in SAC signalling and mitotic exit, describe how the integration of traditional approaches with emerging technologies has revealed new details of Cdc20 functions, comment about the potential of Cdc20 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of human malignancies, and discuss recent advances and controversies in the mechanistic understanding of the control of chromosome segregation during cell division.
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41
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Garvanska DH, Larsen MSY, Nilsson J. Synergistic inhibition of the APC/C by the removal of APC15 in HCT116 cells lacking UBE2C. Biol Open 2016; 5:1441-1448. [PMID: 27591192 PMCID: PMC5087681 DOI: 10.1242/bio.020842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in response to unattached kinetochores by generating a diffusible inhibitor termed the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). At metaphase, rapid activation of the APC/C requires removal of the MCC, a process that has been shown to depend on the APC/C E2 enzymes, UBE2C and UBE2S. Here we investigate the in vivo role of the APC/C E2 enzymes in SAC silencing using CRISPR/Cas9 genetically engineered HCT116 UBE2C or UBE2S null cell lines. Using live cell assays, we show that UBE2C and UBE2S make a minor contribution to SAC silencing in HCT116 cells. Strikingly, in cells specifically lacking UBE2C, we observe a strong synergistic inhibition of mitotic progression when we stabilize the MCC on the APC/C by depleting APC15, potentially reflecting increased competition between the MCC and the remaining initiating E2 enzyme UBE2D. In conclusion, we provide in vivo insight into the APC/C E2 module and its interplay with SAC silencing components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitriya H Garvanska
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Marie Sofie Yoo Larsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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42
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Agarwal S, Varma D. How the SAC gets the axe: Integrating kinetochore microtubule attachments with spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. BIOARCHITECTURE 2015; 5:1-12. [PMID: 26430805 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2015.1090669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitosis entails the bona fide segregation of duplicated chromosomes. This process is accomplished by the attachment of kinetochores on chromosomes to microtubules (MTs) of the mitotic spindle. Once the appropriate attachment is achieved, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that delays the premature onset of anaphase needs to be silenced for the cell to proceed to anaphase and cytokinesis. Therefore, while it is imperative to preserve the SAC when kinetochores are unattached, it is of paramount importance that SAC components are removed post kinetochore microtubule (kMT) attachment. Precise knowledge of how kMT attachments trigger the removal of SAC components from kinetochores or how the checkpoint proteins feedback in to the attachment machinery remains elusive. This review aims to describe the recent advances that provide an insight into the interplay of molecular events that coordinate and regulate the SAC activity in response to kMT attachment during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology ; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University ; Chicago , IL USA
| | - Dileep Varma
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology ; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University ; Chicago , IL USA
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