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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Chang Y, Chen Q, Li H, Xu J, Tan M, Xiong X, Sun Y. The UBE2F-CRL5 ASB11-DIRAS2 axis is an oncogene and tumor suppressor cascade in pancreatic cancer cells. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1317-1332.e5. [PMID: 38574733 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
UBE2F, a neddylation E2, neddylates CUL5 to activate cullin-RING ligase-5, upon coupling with neddylation E3 RBX2/SAG. Whether and how UBE2F controls pancreatic tumorigenesis is previously unknown. Here, we showed that UBE2F is essential for the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells with KRAS mutation. In the mouse KrasG12D pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) model, Ube2f deletion suppresses cerulein-induced pancreatitis, and progression of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Mechanistically, Ube2f deletion inactivates the Mapk-c-Myc signals via blocking ubiquitylation of Diras2, a substrate of CRL5Asb11 E3 ligase. Biologically, DIRAS2 suppresses growth and survival of human pancreatic cancer cells harboring mutant KRAS, and Diras2 deletion largely rescues the phenotypes induced by Ube2f deletion. Collectively, Ube2f or Diras2 plays a tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive role in the mouse KrasG12D PDAC model, respectively. The UBE2F-CRL5ASB11 axis could serve as a valid target for pancreatic cancer, whereas the levels of UBE2F or DIRAS2 may serve as prognostic biomarkers for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China; Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mingjia Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou 310009, China; Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China; Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Fu Y, Lu Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Liu B, Yuan Y. Unravelling the complexity of lncRNAs in autophagy to improve potential cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188932. [PMID: 37329993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is well-known as an internal catabolic process that is evolutionarily conserved and performs the key biological function in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is tightly controlled by several autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, which are closely associated with many types of human cancers. However, what has remained controversial is the janus roles of autophagy in cancer progression. Interestingly, the biological function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in autophagy has been gradually understood in different types of human cancers. More recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that several lncRNAs may regulate some ATG proteins and autophagy-related signaling pathways to either activate or inhibit the autophagic process in cancer. Thus, in this review, we summarize the latest advance in the knowledge of the complicated relationships between lncRNAs and autophagy in cancer. Also, the in-depth dissection of the lncRNAs-autophagy-cancers axis involved in this review would shed new light on discovery of more potential cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqi Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Rosa N, Speelman-Rooms F, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Modulation of Ca 2+ signaling by antiapoptotic Bcl-2 versus Bcl-xL: From molecular mechanisms to relevance for cancer cell survival. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188791. [PMID: 36162541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Bcl-2-protein family are key controllers of apoptotic cell death. The family is divided into antiapoptotic (including Bcl-2 itself, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, etc.) and proapoptotic members (Bax, Bak, Bim, Bim, Puma, Noxa, Bad, etc.). These proteins are well known for their canonical role in the mitochondria, where they control mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and subsequent apoptosis. However, several proteins are recognized as modulators of intracellular Ca2+ signals that originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the major intracellular Ca2+-storage organelle. More than 25 years ago, Bcl-2, the founding member of the family, was reported to control apoptosis through Ca2+ signaling. Further work elucidated that Bcl-2 directly targets and inhibits inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), thereby suppressing proapoptotic Ca2+ signaling. In addition to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL was also shown to impact cell survival by sensitizing IP3R function, thereby promoting prosurvival oscillatory Ca2+ release. However, new work challenges this model and demonstrates that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL can both function as inhibitors of IP3Rs. This suggests that, depending on the cell context, Bcl-xL could support very distinct Ca2+ patterns. This not only raises several questions but also opens new possibilities for the treatment of Bcl-xL-dependent cancers. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and divergences between Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL regarding Ca2+ homeostasis and IP3R modulation from both a molecular and a functional point of view, with particular emphasis on cancer cell death resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rosa
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Femke Speelman-Rooms
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Feng J, Leng J, Zhao C, Guo J, Chen Y, Li H. High expression of 14-3-3ơ indicates poor prognosis and progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:203. [PMID: 35720477 PMCID: PMC9178702 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. 14-3-3ơ is an intracellular phosphoserine-binding protein that has been proposed to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, the biofunctional role of 14-3-3ơ and its clinicopathological/prognostic significance in LUAD have remained elusive. In the present study, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of cancer tissues/cells and the corresponding normal controls were performed to verify that 14-3-3ơ was upregulated in LUAD. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that high expression of 14-3-3ơ predicted poor overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with LUAD. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpression of 14-3-3ơ markedly promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, anchorage-independent growth and tumor growth, whereas 14-3-3ơ depletion produced the opposite effects. Of note, 14-3-3ơ was identified as an independent prognostic factor for patients with LUAD. Collectively, the present results revealed that high expression of 14-3-3ơ may serve as an independent biomarker, contributing to poor prognosis and progression of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Changdi Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315826, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Hong H, Wang Q, Li J, Zhang W, Chen T, Li P. NEDD4L-induced ubiquitination mediating UBE2T degradation inhibits progression of lung adenocarcinoma via PI3K-AKT signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:631. [PMID: 34838005 PMCID: PMC8626996 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies have indicated that Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T), as an oncogene, promotes progression and metastasis of lung cancer, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but it is completely unknown whether and how UBE2T is ubiquitylated and degraded, and by which E3 ligase. NEDD4L plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes of various cancers, most of which is attributed to its E3 ubiquitin ligase function. However, the relationship between NEDD4L and UBE2T in LUAD has not been elucidated. Methods The relationship between NEDD4L and UBE2T in LUAD tissues and cells was found by bioinformatic analyses and immunoblotting. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation assay, half-life analysis and the in vivo ubiquitylation assay, generation of xenograft model were performed to determine how NEDD4L regulates UBE2T and its downstream signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Results Bioinformatic analyses found that NEDD4L, as a potential correlation E3 ligase of UBE2T, was negatively correlated with UBE2T in LUAD. Consistently, UBE2T protein half-life was shortened or extended by NEDD4L overexpression or depletion, respectively. NEDD4L inhibited LUAD cell progression in vitro and in vivo via inducing the ubiquitination-mediated UBE2T degradation, which repressed PI3K-AKT signaling. Similarly, NEDD4L predicted a better patient survival, whereas UBE2T predicted a worse survival. Conclusions Collectively, our results reveal that NEDD4L is a novel E3 ligase of UBE2T, which can inhibit PI3K-AKT signaling by targeting for UBE2T ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in repression of LUAD cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beilun Branch, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Haihua Hong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beilun Branch, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beilun Branch, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Junqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Beilun Branch, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330052, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Pu Li
- State Drug Clinical Trial Agency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330052, China.
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The Emerging Roles of Autophagy in Human Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111651. [PMID: 34829881 PMCID: PMC8615641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a process of cellular self-digestion, delivers intracellular components including superfluous and dysfunctional proteins and organelles to the lysosome for degradation and recycling and is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. In recent decades, autophagy has been found to help fight against a variety of human diseases, but, at the same time, autophagy can also promote the procession of certain pathologies, which makes the connection between autophagy and diseases complex but interesting. In this review, we summarize the advances in understanding the roles of autophagy in human diseases and the therapeutic methods targeting autophagy and discuss some of the remaining questions in this field, focusing on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders.
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The Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Type 3 in the Pathogenesis of Human Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010964. [PMID: 34681622 PMCID: PMC8535862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3C3), the mammalian ortholog of yeast vesicular protein sorting 34 (Vps34), belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. PIK3C3 can phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a phospholipid central to autophagy. Inhibition of PIK3C3 successfully inhibits autophagy. Autophagy maintains cell survival when modifications occur in the cellular environment and helps tumor cells resist metabolic stress and cancer treatment. In addition, PIK3C3 could induce oncogenic transformation and enhance tumor cell proliferation, growth, and invasion through mechanisms independent of autophagy. This review addresses the structural and functional features, tissue distribution, and expression pattern of PIK3C3 in a variety of human tumors and highlights the underlying mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. The implications in cancer biology, patient prognosis prediction, and cancer therapy are discussed. Altogether, the discovery of pharmacological inhibitors of PIK3C3 could reveal novel strategies for improving treatment outcomes for PIK3C3-mediated human diseases.
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Tantanavipas S, Aojanepong T, Waiyaput W, Sophonsritsuk A. The expression of BECN1, LC3B, and BCL2 genes in eutopic endometrium of patients with adenomyosis: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/22840265211046750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Both autophagy and apoptosis play a role in the cyclic remodeling of the endometrium. The abnormal regulation of genes and signaling pathways in the eutopic endometrium plays a role in the abnormal migration and implantation in adenomyosis. Objective: The present study investigates the mRNA expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related genes BECN1, LC3B, and BCL2 in the eutopic endometrium of patients with adenomyosis compared with healthy premenopausal women. Materials and methods: The present work was a cross-sectional study conducted between July 2018 and April 2019. The participants were 32 premenopausal women who attended the surgery for adenomyosis and other benign gynecological conditions. The participants were divided into two groups, with 16 women in the adenomyosis group and 16 healthy women in the control group. Endometrial tissues were collected during the proliferative menstrual phase for a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The mRNA expression of BECN1, LC3B, and BCL2 were normalized by geometric mean mRNA expression of actin and GAPDH. There was no significant difference in mRNA expression for all three genes when comparing the control and adenomyosis groups. Conclusions: The mRNA expressions of autophagy-related genes BECN1 and LC3B and anti-apoptosis-related gene BCL2 were not significantly different in the eutopic endometrium of patients with adenomyosis compared with healthy premenopausal women during the proliferative menstrual phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluk Tantanavipas
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tepchongchit Aojanepong
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Waiyaput
- Office of Research Academic and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Areepan Sophonsritsuk
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Li C, Li Z, Song L, Meng L, Xu G, Zhang H, Hu J, Li F, Liu C. GEFT Inhibits Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rhabdomyosarcoma via Activation of the Rac1/Cdc42-mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656608. [PMID: 34221974 PMCID: PMC8252888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are dynamic processes that determine the fate of cells, and regulating these processes can treat cancer. GEFT is highly expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), which accelerates the tumorigenicity and metastasis of RMS by activating Rac1/Cdc42 signaling, but the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis are unclear. In our study, we found that the RMS tissues had high Rac1, Cdc42, mTOR, and Bcl-2 expression levels and low Beclin1, LC3, and Bax expression levels compared with the normal striated muscle tissues (P < 0.05). In addition, multivariate analysis has proven that Rac1 is an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.05), and the high expression level of the Beclin1 protein was closely associated with the tumor diameter of the RMS patients (P = 0.044), whereas the high expression level of the LC3 protein was associated with the clinical stage of the RMS patients (P = 0.027). Furthermore, GEFT overexpression could inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS. A Rac1/Cdc42 inhibitor was added, and the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis decreased. Rac1 and Cdc42 could regulate mTOR to inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS. Overall, these studies demonstrated that the GEFT–Rac1/Cdc42–mTOR pathway can inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS and provide evidence for innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsen Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Lingxie Song
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Guixuan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Dou Z, Zhao D, Chen X, Xu C, Jin X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xie X, Li Q, Di C, Zhang H. Aberrant Bcl-x splicing in cancer: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic modulation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:194. [PMID: 34118966 PMCID: PMC8196531 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-x pre-mRNA splicing serves as a typical example to study the impact of alternative splicing in the modulation of cell death. Dysregulation of Bcl-x apoptotic isoforms caused by precarious equilibrium splicing is implicated in genesis and development of multiple human diseases, especially cancers. Exploring the mechanism of Bcl-x splicing and regulation has provided insight into the development of drugs that could contribute to sensitivity of cancer cells to death. On this basis, we review the multiple splicing patterns and structural characteristics of Bcl-x. Additionally, we outline the cis-regulatory elements, trans-acting factors as well as epigenetic modifications involved in the splicing regulation of Bcl-x. Furthermore, this review highlights aberrant splicing of Bcl-x involved in apoptosis evade, autophagy, metastasis, and therapy resistance of various cancer cells. Last, emphasis is given to the clinical role of targeting Bcl-x splicing correction in human cancer based on the splice-switching oligonucleotides, small molecular modulators and BH3 mimetics. Thus, it is highlighting significance of aberrant splicing isoforms of Bcl-x as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Dou
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Dapeng Zhao
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Caipeng Xu
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuetian Zhang
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yupei Wang
- Medical Genetics Center of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Bio-Medical Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516029, China.
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12
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Zada S, Hwang JS, Ahmed M, Lai TH, Pham TM, Elashkar O, Kim DR. Cross talk between autophagy and oncogenic signaling pathways and implications for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188565. [PMID: 33992723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved metabolic process involved in the degradation of intracellular components including proteins and organelles. Consequently, it plays a critical role in recycling metabolic energy for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in response to various stressors. In cancer, autophagy either suppresses or promotes cancer progression depending on the stage and cancer type. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis are directly mediated by oncogenic signal proteins including SNAI1, SLUG, ZEB1/2, and NOTCH1, which are functionally correlated with autophagy. In this report, we discuss the crosstalk between oncogenic signaling pathways and autophagy followed by possible strategies for cancer treatment via regulation of autophagy. Although autophagy affects EMT and cancer metastasis, the overall signaling pathways connecting cancer progression and autophagy are still illusive. In general, autophagy plays a critical role in cancer cell survival by providing a minimum level of energy via self-digestion. Thus, cancer cells face nutrient limitations and challenges under stress during EMT and metastasis. Conversely, autophagy acts as a potential cancer suppressor by degrading oncogenic proteins, which are essential for cancer progression, and by removing damaged components such as mitochondria to enhance genomic stability. Therefore, autophagy activators or inhibitors represent possible cancer therapeutics. We further discuss the regulation of autophagy-dependent degradation of oncogenic proteins and its functional correlation with oncogenic signaling pathways, with potential applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahib Zada
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Minh Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Omar Elashkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 527-27, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Yoon JY, Brezden-Masley C, Streutker CJ. Autophagic Heterogeneity in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:555614. [PMID: 33859932 PMCID: PMC8042205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.555614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous disease, with various etiologies and with tumors encompassing a spectrum of histologic and molecular subtypes. "Autophagy" includes two related but distinct homeostatic processes that promote cell survival under adverse conditions, namely macro- and chaperone-mediated autophagy. There is increasing evidence of the roles autophagy may play in tumorigenesis. Methods Autophagic pathways were examined in the context of the heterogeneity intrinsic to gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma, utilizing immunohistochemistry targeting specific proteins within the pathways (p62, LAMP2A, LC3B). We examined whole sections of normal and dysplastic gastric mucosa, as well as a tissue microarray of adenocarcinomas. Results Dysplastic gastric epithelium was marked by frequent nuclear p62 and aberrant LAMP2A expression compared to normal. Examining the pattern of LC3B/cytoplasmic p62 immuno-reactivity in gastric adenocarcinoma demonstrated a predominant pattern of LC3BHigh/p62High staining (56/86, 65.1%), which has been previously associated with active, but impaired macroautophagy. There were no statistically significant associations seen between LC3B/cytoplasmic p62 staining patterns with tumor grade, histotype, or approximated TCGA molecular subtype. LAMP2A and nuclear p62 and staining patterns were also heterogeneous across the cohort, but with no statistically significant associations seen. The prognostic significance of the three proteins was limited, however high nuclear p62 levels were associated with worse overall survival (log-rank p-value = 0.0396). Conclusion Our data demonstrate the dynamic nature of autophagic proteins in the gastric epithelium, and we expand the biological heterogeneity observed in gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma to include autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yoon Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Catherine J Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Chen T, Liu L, Zou Y, Hu X, Zhang W, Zhou T, Luo X, Fu W, Xu J. Nobiletin downregulates the SKP2-p21/p27-CDK2 axis to inhibit tumor progression and shows synergistic effects with palbociclib on renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:227-244. [PMID: 33628597 PMCID: PMC7877181 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Natural extracts, including nobiletin, have been reported to enhance the efficacy and sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, whether and how nobiletin affects tumor growth and progression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still unclear. Methods: Cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis analyses, colony-formation assays, immunoblotting analysis, and qRT-PCR analysis were performed to investigate how nobiletin affected RCC cell proliferation in vitro. The nude mouse model was used to test the efficacy of nobiletin alone or in combination with palbociclib. Results: Nobiletin inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis in RCC cells. Mechanistically, nobiletin decreased SKP2 protein expression by reducing its transcriptional level. The downregulated SKP2 caused accumulation of its substrates, p27 and p21, which further inhibited the activity of the G1 phase-related protein, CDK2, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor formation. A higher SKP2 protein level indicated less sensitivity to the CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib. A combination of nobiletin and palbociclib showed a synergistic tumor inhibition in vitro and in an in vivo model. Conclusions: Nobiletin downregulated the SKP2-p21/p27-CDK2 axis to inhibit tumor progression and showed synergistic tumor inhibition effects with the CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, on RCC, which indicates a potential new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430040, China
| | - Yonghong Zou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ji'an Central People's Hospital, Ji'an 343100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330001, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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15
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Zheng HC, Zhao S, Xue H, Zhao EH, Jiang HM, Hao CL. The Roles of Beclin 1 Expression in Gastric Cancer: A Marker for Carcinogenesis, Aggressive Behaviors and Favorable Prognosis, and a Target of Gene Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:613679. [PMID: 33425768 PMCID: PMC7787063 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.613679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beclin 1 is encoded by Becn1, and plays a role in tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, apoptosis and autophagy. Here, the aggressive phenotypes and relevant proteins were examined after Beclin 1 expression was altered in gastric cancer cells. We also observed the effects of Beclin 1 on gastric carcinogenesis using Becn1 knockout mice. Finally, clinicopathological significances of Beclin 1 expression were analyzed using meta- and bioinformatics analyses. Becn1 overexpression was found to inhibit proliferation, glucose metabolism, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, whereas its knockdown caused the opposite effects. Beclin 1 suppressed the tumor growth by decreasing proliferation and increasing apoptosis. The heterozygous abrogation of Becn1 in gastric pit, parietal and chief cells could not cause any epithelial lesion. Beclin 1-mediated chemoresistance was closely linked to the autophagy, Bax underexpression, and the overexpression of Bcl-2, LRP1, MDR1, and ING5. Bioinformatics analysis showed higher Becn1 mRNA expression in intestinal- than diffuse-type carcinomas (P<0.05), and in male than female gastric cancer patients (P<0.05). Becn1 hyperexpression was positively associated with both overall and progression-free survival rates of the cancer patients (P<0.05). Meta-analysis showed that down-regulated Beclin 1 expression in gastric cancer was positively with lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, dedifferentiation and poor prognosis (P<0.05). Becn1-related signal pathways in gastric cancer included prostate, lung, renal, colorectal, endometrial and thyroid cancers, glioma, and leukemia, the metabolism of amino acid, lipid and sugar, and some signal pathways of insulin, MAPK, TRL, VEGF, JAK-STAT, chemokine, p53, lysosome, peroxidome and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation (P<0.05). These suggested that Beclin 1 might be considered as a potential marker of gastric carcinogenesis, aggressiveness and prognostic prediction, and as a target of gene therapy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - En-Hong Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chang-Lai Hao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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16
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17
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Hu YJ, Zhong JT, Gong L, Zhang SC, Zhou SH. Autophagy-Related Beclin 1 and Head and Neck Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6213-6227. [PMID: 32669852 PMCID: PMC7335767 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s256072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beclin 1, a positive regulator of autophagy, behaves as a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis. Beclin 1 contributes to tumor suppression by removing defective or damaged organelles and other cellular components; however, its activity can also stimulate cancer initiation and progression. In head and neck cancer, Beclin 1 overexpression promotes autophagy, which limits DNA damage and chromosomal instability and increases necrosis and inflammation by impacting apoptotic and autophagic pathways. This paper reviews the relationship between Beclin 1, carcinogenesis and head and neck cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Jie Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi 315300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Tao Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi 315300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Cong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Cixi Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi 315300, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
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18
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The autophagy-independent role of BECN1 in colorectal cancer metastasis through regulating STAT3 signaling pathway activation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:304. [PMID: 32358527 PMCID: PMC7195408 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BECN1 is a critical regulator of autophagy, which plays important roles in tumor formation and metastasis. However, the autophagy-independent role of BECN1 and the clinical prediction value of BECN1 still need to be explored. Here, we observed significantly lower expression of BECN1 in colorectal cancers (CRCs) compared with adjacent normal colon tissue, and downregulation of BECN1 was positively related to poor prognosis in CRC patients. In addition, we found that knockdown of BECN1 markedly promoted CRC cell motility and invasion. Bioinformatics gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that low levels of BECN1 were significantly correlated with the STAT3 signaling pathway in CRC. Consistently, knockdown of BECN1 increased the phosphorylation of STAT3 and activated the STAT3 signaling pathway in CRC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that STAT3 was involved in the CRC metastasis mediated by knockdown of BECN1 in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, knockdown of BECN1 promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3 via regulation of the interaction between STAT and JAK2 but did not inhibit autophagy. Our study revealed that BECN1 served as a negative regulator of CRC metastasis by regulating STAT3 signaling pathway activation in an autophagy-independent manner. The BECN1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway can be used as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic CRC.
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19
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Xiong H, Shen J, Chen Z, Yang J, Xie B, Jia Y, Jayasinghe U, Wang J, Zhao W, Xie S, Wang L, Zhou J. H19/let‑7/Lin28 ceRNA network mediates autophagy inhibiting epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:794-806. [PMID: 32124962 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 and Lin28 protein have been shown to participate in various pathophysiological processes, including cellular proliferation, autophagy and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). A number of studies have investigated lncRNAs, microRNAs and mRNAs, and their roles in the initiation and progression of cancer, in doing so identifying competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, including the H19/let‑7/Lin28 network. However, whether the H19/let‑7/Lin28 ceRNA network is involved in autophagy and EMT in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that the H19/let‑7/Lin28 loop was required for the downregulation of autophagy in BC cells via western blot analysis, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and autophagy flux monitoring. Using wound healing, migration and invasion assays, and morphological assays, the H19/let‑7/Lin28 loop was revealed to promote EMT in BC cells. Moreover, the H19/let‑7/Lin28 network was found to contribute to autophagy by inhibiting EMT in BC cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to suggest the important roles of the H19/let‑7/Lin28 ceRNA network in BC autophagy and EMT, thus providing insight for the use of these molecules as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in BC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchu Xiong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Bojian Xie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P.R. China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Ushani Jayasinghe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Wenhe Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Shuduo Xie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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20
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Qin X, Lu A, Ke M, Zhu W, Ye X, Wang G, Weng G. DJ-1 inhibits autophagy activity of prostate cancer cells by repressing JNK-Bcl2-Beclin1 signaling. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:937-946. [PMID: 31868268 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of DJ-1 on AR signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). DJ-1 could alter autophagy and regulate Beclin1-involved autophagy response through JNK-dependent pathway. JNK is known to mediate autophagy through Bcl2-Beclin1 complex. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the significance of autophagy in DJ-1-modulated PCa cells. The current studies showed that DJ-1 overexpression in LNCaP decreased LC3 transformation and autophagosome formation. However, DJ-1 knockdown exerted the opposite effect. Moreover, DJ-1 silencing inhibited survival and promoted death in LNCaP, which was recovered by autophagy inhibition with 3-MA. In addition, DJ-1 overexpression inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and Bcl2, and the dissociation of Beclin1 and Bcl2; while the effect of silencing DJ-1 was completely opposite. More important, JNK activated by anisimycin inhibited the proliferation and promoted death of DJ-1-overexpressed LNCaP while increasing LC3 transformation and LC3-puncta formation, but these results were reversed by the decrease of Beclin1 (by spautin-1). In contrast, when DJ-1 was silenced, the death of LNCaP, LC3 transformation, and LC3-puncta formation were inhibited by JNK inhibitor SP600125, which promoted cell proliferation. However, Bcl2 inhibition (by ABT737) reversed all the effects of SP600125. Our results suggested that DJ-1 in PCa cells could promote the growth of PCa through autophagy inhibition, and JNK-Bcl2-Beclin1 signaling played an important role in it. The study provided new insights into the role of DJ-1 in the development of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Qin
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315192, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aimei Lu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Ningbo Urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315192, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meilin Ke
- Operating Room, Ningbo Urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315192, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weizhi Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315192, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Department of Cytobiology, Ningbo Institute of Medical Science, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315192, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guobin Weng
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology & Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, 315192, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Aurora-A/ERK1/2/mTOR axis promotes tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer and dual-targeting Aurora-A/mTOR shows synthetic lethality. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:606. [PMID: 31406104 PMCID: PMC6690898 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined as a tumor subtype that lacks ER, PR, and HER2, shows a poor prognosis due to its aggressive tumor biology and limited treatment options. Deregulation of Aurora kinase A (Aur-A), a member of the mitotic serine/threonine Aurora kinase family, and overactivation of the mTOR pathway commonly occur in multiple cancer types. We previously found that Aur-A activated the mTOR pathway and inhibited autophagy activity in breast cancer cell models. Whether and how Aur-A regulates mTOR in TNBC are still unclear. Here, we found that Aur-A and p-mTOR are highly expressed and positively associated with each other in TNBC cells and tissues. Inhibition or knockdown of Aur-A decreased p-mTOR and suppressed cell proliferation and migration, whereas overexpression of Aur-A increased p-mTOR levels and promoted cell proliferation and migration, which was significantly abrogated by simultaneous silencing of mTOR. Intriguingly, overexpression of Aur-A enhanced the expression of p-mTOR and p-ERK1/2, and silencing or inhibition of ERK1/2 blocked Aur-A-induced p-mTOR. However, silencing or inhibition of mTOR failed to reverse Aur-A-induced ERK1/2, indicating that Aur-A/ERK1/2/mTOR forms an oncogenic cascade in TNBC. We finally found that double inhibition of Aur-A and mTOR showed significant synergistic effects in TNBC cell lines and a xenograft model, indicating that Aur-A and mTOR are potential therapeutic targets in the TNBC subtype.
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22
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Chen HT, Liu H, Mao MJ, Tan Y, Mo XQ, Meng XJ, Cao MT, Zhong CY, Liu Y, Shan H, Jiang GM. Crosstalk between autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its application in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:101. [PMID: 31126310 PMCID: PMC6533683 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that mediates degradation of pernicious or dysfunctional cellular components, such as invasive pathogens, senescent proteins, and organelles. It can promote or suppress tumor development, so it is a “double-edged sword” in tumors that depends on the cell and tissue types and the stages of tumor. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex biological trans-differentiation process that allows epithelial cells to transiently obtain mesenchymal features, including motility and metastatic potential. EMT is considered as an important contributor to the invasion and metastasis of cancers. Thus, clarifying the crosstalk between autophagy and EMT will provide novel targets for cancer therapy. It was reported that EMT-related signal pathways have an impact on autophagy; conversely, autophagy activation can suppress or strengthen EMT by regulating various signaling pathways. On one hand, autophagy activation provides energy and basic nutrients for EMT during metastatic spreading, which assists cells to survive in stressful environmental and intracellular conditions. On the other hand, autophagy, acting as a cancer-suppressive function, is inclined to hinder metastasis by selectively down-regulating critical transcription factors of EMT in the early phases. Therefore, the inhibition of EMT by autophagy inhibitors or activators might be a novel strategy that provides thought and enlightenment for the treatment of cancer. In this article, we discuss in detail the role of autophagy and EMT in the development of cancers, the regulatory mechanisms between autophagy and EMT, the effects of autophagy inhibition or activation on EMT, and the potential applications in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 2528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Jie Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 2528000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Qiong Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng-Ting Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chu-Yu Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 2528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 2528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 2528000, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Ji E, Lee H, Ahn S, Jung M, Lee SH, Lee JH, Lee EK. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 promotes the expression of autophagy-related protein 6 in human colorectal cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:255-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Zhou W, Xu J, Tan M, Li H, Li H, Wei W, Sun Y. UBE2M Is a Stress-Inducible Dual E2 for Neddylation and Ubiquitylation that Promotes Targeted Degradation of UBE2F. Mol Cell 2019; 70:1008-1024.e6. [PMID: 29932898 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UBE2M and UBE2F are two family members of neddylation E2 conjugating enzyme that, together with E3s, activate CRLs (Cullin-RING Ligases) by catalyzing cullin neddylation. However, whether and how two E2s cross-talk with each other are largely unknown. Here, we report that UBE2M is a stress-inducible gene subjected to cis-transactivation by HIF-1 and AP1, and MLN4924, a small molecule inhibitor of E1 NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE), upregulates UBE2M via blocking degradation of HIF-1α and c-JUN. UBE2M is a dual E2 for targeted ubiquitylation and degradation of UBE2F, acting as a neddylation E2 to activate CUL3-Keap1 E3 under physiological conditions but as a ubiquitylation E2 for Parkin-DJ-1 E3 under stressed conditions. UBE2M-induced UBE2F degradation leads to CRL5 inactivation and subsequent NOXA accumulation to suppress the growth of lung cancer cells. Collectively, our study establishes a negative regulatory axis between two neddylation E2s with UBE2M ubiquitylating UBE2F, and two CRLs with CRL3 inactivating CRL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhou
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PRC
| | - Mingjia Tan
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haomin Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PRC; Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - Hua Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PRC.
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25
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Yoon K, Kim N, Park Y, Kim BK, Park JH, Shin CM, Lee DH, Surh YJ. Correlation between macrophage migration inhibitory factor and autophagy in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211736. [PMID: 30742638 PMCID: PMC6370197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and autophagy in gastric cancer is not clear. We determined H. pylori infection status of the subjects and investigated the expression of MIF and autophagy markers (Atg5, LC3A and LC3B) in human gastric tissue at baseline. Then H. pylori eradication was done for H. pylori positive patients and MIF and Atg5 levels were investigated on each follow-up for both H. pylori-eradicated and H. pylori negative patients. Baseline tissue mRNA expression of MIF, Atg5, LC3A and LC3B was measured by real-time PCR in 453 patients (control 165, gastric dysplasia 82, and gastric cancer 206). Three hundred three patients (66.9%) had H. pylori infection at the time of enrollment. Only within H. pylori-positive group, MIF level was significantly elevated in patients with cancer than in control or dysplasia groups (P<0.05). LC3A and LC3B levels also showed significant differences within H. pylori-positive subgroups. H. pylori-positive dysplasia subgroup showed significantly lower (LC3A) (P<0.05) and higher (LC3B) mRNA levels (P<0.05) than in other subgroups. On follow-up, within H. pylori-eradicated group, Atg5 expression increased sequentially from control to dysplasia and cancer subgroups. Multiple linear regression showed autophagy markers (LC3A, LC3B, and Atg5) directly predicted MIF level (adjusted R2 = 0.492, P<0.001). Serial follow-up showed longitudinal increase in Atg5 level in general, with constantly higher levels in H. pylori-eradicated group than in -negative group. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) group initially showed higher Atg5 expression than the IM-negative group. However, it was reversed between the groups eventually because of the lower rate of increase in IM group. These results suggest a role of MIF and autophagy markers and their interaction in H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Youngmi Park
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Li S, Lin Z, Zheng W, Zheng L, Chen X, Yan Z, Cheng Z, Yan H, Zheng C, Guo P. IL-17A inhibits autophagic activity of HCC cells by inhibiting the degradation of Bcl2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Chen J, Zhang L, Zhou H, Wang W, Luo Y, Yang H, Yi H. Inhibition of autophagy promotes cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through Atg5 and Beclin 1 in A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6859-6865. [PMID: 29512762 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that autophagy contributes to tumorigenesis and participates in acquired chemotherapeutic resistance. The present study aimed to determine the function and underlying mechanism of cisplatin‑induced autophagy in A549 human lung cancer cells. Autophagy was measured by LC3B‑I/II conversion, LC3B puncta and autophagosomes formation. Apoptotic cell death was measured by caspase‑3 activity, caspase‑3 cleavage and LDH release. The transcriptional and expressional level of autophagy related proteins were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Beclin 1 and Atg 5 siRNA transfection was used to explore the function of cisplatin‑induced autophagy. The results demonstrated that cisplatin induces apoptotic cell death in A549 cells and triggers an autophagic response, as indicated by increased microtubule‑associated protein 1 light chain 3β (LC3B)‑I/II conversion, increased LC3B puncta and autophagosome formation. Mechanisms underlying cisplatin‑induced autophagic responses were also investigated. Cisplatin induced autophagy by upregulating the mRNA and protein expression levels of autophagy protein (Atg)5 and Beclin 1, whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels of serine/threonine‑protein kinase ULK1, Atg3, Atg7, Atg12, and sequestosome‑1 were not markedly upregulated. In addition, knockdown of Atg5 and Beclin 1 by small interfering RNA transfection impaired cisplatin‑induced activation of autophagic responses, increased caspase‑3 cleavage and inhibited cell viability. These findings suggested that disruption of autophagy via the inhibition of Atg5 and Beclin 1 may promote cisplatin‑induced apoptotic cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that targeting autophagy may be used in the future for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Hematology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhong Luo
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Huihuang Yi
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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28
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Russo A, Maiolino S, Pagliara V, Ungaro F, Tatangelo F, Leone A, Scalia G, Budillon A, Quaglia F, Russo G. Enhancement of 5-FU sensitivity by the proapoptotic rpL3 gene in p53 null colon cancer cells through combined polymer nanoparticles. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79670-79687. [PMID: 27835895 PMCID: PMC5346744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide and the therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is mainly limited due to resistance. Recently, we have demonstrated that nucleolar stress upon 5-FU treatment leads to the activation of ribosome-free rpL3 (L3) as proapoptotic factor. In this study, we analyzed L3 expression profile in colon cancer tissues and demonstrated that L3 mRNA amount decreased with malignant progression and the intensity of its expression was inversely related to tumor grade and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. With the aim to develop a combined therapy of 5-FU plus plasmid encoding L3 (pL3), we firstly assessed the potentiation of the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU on colon cancer cells by L3. Next, 10 μM 5-FU and 2 μg of pL3 were encapsulated in biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) chemically conjugated with HA to achieve active tumor-targeting ability in CD44 overexpressing cancer cells. We showed the specific intracellular accumulation of NPs in cells and a sustained release for 5-FU and L3. Analysis of cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction potential of combined NPs clearly showed that the 5-FU plus L3 were more effective in inducing apoptosis than 5-FU or L3 alone. Furthermore, we show that the cancer-specific chemosensitizer effect of combined NPs may be dependent on L3 ability to affect 5-FU efflux by controlling P-gp (P-glycoprotein) expression. These results led us to propose a novel combined therapy with the use of 5-FU plus L3 in order to establish individualized therapy by examining L3 profiles in tumors to yield a better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapina Russo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Maiolino
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Pagliara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Ungaro
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Budillon
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione Pascale"-IRCCS, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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29
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Tian M, Chen L, Ma L, Wang D, Shao B, Wu J, Wu H, Jin Y. Expression and prognostic significance of CCL11/CCR3 in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:32617-27. [PMID: 27119233 PMCID: PMC5078038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary nervous system cancer, but due to its rarity and complexity, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. To identify potential tumorigenic factors in GBM, we screened antibody-based cytokine arrays and found that CCL11 was upregulated. We then demonstrated in vitro that both CCL11 and its receptor, CCR3, were overexpressed and promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. To examine the clinical significance of CCL11/CCR3, 458 GBM samples were divided into a training cohort with 225 cases and a test cohort containing 233 cases. In the training set, immunohistochemical analysis showed overexpression of CCL11 and CCR3 were correlated with unfavorable overall survival (OS). We further developed a prognostic classifier combining CCL11 and CCR3 expression and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) for predicting one-year survival in GBM patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that this predictor achieved 90.7% sensitivity and 73.4% specificity. These results were validated with the test sample set. Our findings suggest that CCL11-CCR3 binding is involved in the progression of GBM and may prompt a novel therapeutic approach. In addition, CCL11 and CCR3 expression, combined with KPS, may be used as an accurate predictor of one-year survival in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tian
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bin Shao
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianyu Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hangyu Wu
- Department of Emergency, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yimin Jin
- Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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30
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Ba M, Long H, Wang S, Wu Y, Zhang B, Yan Z, Yu F, Cui S. Hyperthermia enhances radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells through ROS inducing autophagic cell death. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3763-3774. [PMID: 29240246 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Chen Ba
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Hui Long
- Department of PharmacyGuangzhou Dermatology InstituteGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Yin‐Bing Wu
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Bo‐Huo Zhang
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Zhao‐Fei Yan
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Fei‐Hong Yu
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Shu‐Zhong Cui
- Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
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31
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Wang S, Gu K. Insulin-like growth factor 1 inhibits autophagy of human colorectal carcinoma drug-resistant cells via the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2952-2956. [PMID: 29257307 PMCID: PMC5783513 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is reported to inhibit autophagy of human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT); however, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of IGF-1 on autophagy in HCT resistant strains. The present study aimed to analyze the inhibitory effect of IGF-1 on the autophagy of HCT resistant strains and its potential underlying mechanisms. The viability and apoptosis of HCT-8 colon cancer cells were analyzed, and expression levels of relevant genes and proteins were investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Treatment of cells with IGF-1 induced apoptosis. IGF-1 treatment activated protein kinase B (AKT), which may inhibit autophagy via the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Following inhibition of autophagy, drug resistant cells became sensitive to apoptosis induced by 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuomin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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32
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Kovalenko YA, Zharikov YO. [Portal cholangiocarcinoma: epidemiology, staging principles and aspects of tumor biology]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2017:85-91. [PMID: 29186104 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia20171185-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu O Zharikov
- A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Minamoto T, Nakayama K, Nakamura K, Katagiri H, Sultana R, Ishibashi T, Ishikawa M, Yamashita H, Sanuki K, Iida K, Nakayama S, Otsuki Y, Ishikawa N, Kyo S. Loss of beclin 1 expression in ovarian cancer: A potential biomarker for predicting unfavorable outcomes. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1170-1176. [PMID: 29399172 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of the expression of proteins associated with autophagy, beclin 1 (BECN1), 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) and high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1), were investigated in patients with ovarian carcinoma, receiving combination chemotherapy with a platinum agent and a taxane. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for autophagy-associated proteins in tumor tissues from 141 patients with ovarian carcinoma. Clinical data were collected retrospectively by reviewing medical charts, and the association between protein expression, clinicopathological features and survival was investigated. Amongst 141 ovarian carcinoma samples, the loss of BECN1, LC3, and HMGB-1 expression was identified in 59 (41.8%), 35 (24.8%), and 66 (46.8%) samples, respectively. Clinicopathological factors were not significantly associated with the loss of BECN1 expression. However, significant associations were demonstrated between the expression of BECN1, LC3, and HMGB-1. In addition, loss of BECN1 expression demonstrated a significant association with poor progression-free and poor overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that loss of BECN1 expression and postoperative residual tumor were significant independent predictors of poor progression-free survival and poor overall survival. These results indicated that loss of BECN1 expression in ovarian carcinoma is a negative prognosticator in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Assessment of BECN1 expression may be useful for predicting an unfavorable response to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Minamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Razia Sultana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Masako Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Kaori Sanuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Kouji Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4308558, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Otsuki
- Department of Pathology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 4308558, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Organ Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 6938501, Japan
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34
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Indira D, Varadarajan SN, Subhasingh Lupitha S, Lekshmi A, Mathew KA, Chandrasekharan A, Rajappan Pillai P, Pulikkal Kadamberi I, Ramachandran I, Sekar H, Kochucherukkan Gopalakrishnan A, Tr S. Strategies for imaging mitophagy in high-resolution and high-throughput. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 97:1-14. [PMID: 29092745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective autophagic removal of mitochondria called mitophagy is an essential physiological signaling for clearing damaged mitochondria and thus maintains the functional integrity of mitochondria and cells. Defective mitophagy is implicated in several diseases, placing mitophagy as a target for drug development. The identification of key regulators of mitophagy as well as chemical modulators of mitophagy requires sensitive and reliable quantitative approaches. Since mitophagy is a rapidly progressing event and sub-microscopic in nature, live cell image-based detection tools with high spatial and temporal resolution is preferred over end-stage assays. We describe two approaches for measuring mitophagy in mammalian cells using stable cells expressing EGFP-LC3 - Mito-DsRed to mark early phase of mitophagy and Mitochondria-EGFP - LAMP1-RFP stable cells for late events of mitophagy. Both the assays showed good spatial and temporal resolution in wide-field, confocal and super-resolution microscopy with high-throughput adaptable capability. A limited compound screening allowed us to identify a few new mitophagy inducers. Compared to the current mitophagy tools, mito-Keima or mito-QC, the assay described here determines the direct delivery of mitochondrial components to the lysosome in real time mode with accurate quantification if monoclonal cells expressing a homogenous level of both probes are established. Since the assay described here employs real-time imaging approach in a high-throughput mode, the platform can be used both for siRNA screening or compound screening to identify key regulators of mitophagy at decisive stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Indira
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | | | | | - Asha Lekshmi
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Krupa Ann Mathew
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Prakash Rajappan Pillai
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Indu Ramachandran
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Hari Sekar
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Santhoshkumar Tr
- Cancer Research Program-1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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35
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Zhao H, Yang M, Zhao B. Beclin 1 and LC3 as predictive biomarkers for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59058-59067. [PMID: 28938618 PMCID: PMC5601714 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-destructive process that disassembles dysfunctional or unnecessary cellular components. It plays an important role in cancer metastasis, which is of particular interest considering metastatic disease is the major cause of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) related mortality. Here, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin 1 and Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) within surgical CRC specimens, first in a training cohort (205 patients), then in an inner validation cohort (160 patients) and an independent cohort (161 patients). The expressions of Beclin 1 and LC3 were lower in metastatic CRC compared with non-metastatic CRC. Furthermore, we developed an autophagy-based classifier for metastatic prediction. This classifier, including Beclin 1, LC3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, resulted in 82.9% sensitivity and 89.8% specificity for metastatic detection in the training cohort. In the independent cohort, it achieved 77.9% sensitivity and 90.3% specificity in predicting the metastasis of CRC. These results suggested that low expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 contributed to a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype, and our autophagy-based classifier was a reliable tool for metastatic prediction in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Maopeng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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36
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Ba MC, Long H, Cui SZ, Gong YF, Yan ZF, Wang S, Wu YB. Mild hyperthermia enhances sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy through reactive oxygen species-induced autophagic death. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639902 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317711952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild hyperthermia enhances anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy, but the precise biochemical mechanisms involved are not clear. This study was carried out to investigate whether mild hyperthermia sensitizes gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy through reactive oxygen species-induced autophagic death. In total, 20 BABL/c mice of MKN-45 human gastric cancer tumor model were divided into hyperthermia + chemotherapy group, hyperthermia group, chemotherapy group, N-acetyl-L-cysteine group, and mock group. Reactive oxygen species production and expression of autophagy-related genes Beclin1, LC3B, and mammalian target of rapamycin were determined. The relationships between tumor growth regression, expression of autophagy-related genes, and reactive oxygen species production were evaluated. Tumor size and wet weight of hyperthermia + chemotherapy group was significantly decreased relative to values from hyperthermia group, chemotherapy group, N-acetyl-L-cysteine group, and mock group ( F = 6.92, p < 0.01 and F = 5.36, p < 0.01, respectively). Reactive oxygen species production was significantly higher in hyperthermia + chemotherapy group than in hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and mock groups. The expression levels of Beclin1 and LC3B were significantly higher, while those of mammalian target of rapamycin were significantly lower in hyperthermia + chemotherapy group than in hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and mock groups. Tumor growth regression was consistent with changes in reactive oxygen species production and expression of autophagy-related genes. N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited changes in the expression of the autophagy-related genes and also suppressed reactive oxygen species production and tumor growth. Hyperthermia + chemotherapy increase expression of autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and LC3B, decrease expression of mammalian target of rapamycin, and concomitantly increase reactive oxygen species generation. These results strongly indicate that mild hyperthermia enhances sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy through reactive oxygen species-induced autophagic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chen Ba
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Long
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Dermatology Institute, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Feng Gong
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Fei Yan
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Bing Wu
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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37
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Zhang QX, Gao R, Xiang J, Yuan ZY, Qian YM, Yan M, Wang ZF, Liu Q, Zhao HD, Liu CH. Cell cycle protein Bora serves as a novel poor prognostic factor in multiple adenocarcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:43838-43852. [PMID: 28402276 PMCID: PMC5546444 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle protein Bora has been identified to integrate the functions of three major mitotic kinases: Cyclin-dependent kinase-1, Polo-like kinase-1, and Aurora A kinase. Overexpression of Bora disrupts spindle assembly and causes genomic instability. However, the clinical relevance of Bora in cancer remains unclear. In this study, we examined the expression of Bora and its association with clinical characteristics in breast (n = 538), lung (n = 144) and gastric (n = 77) adenocarcinomas. We found that Bora was overexpressed in primary breast cancer tissues compared to paired non-cancerous tissues. Bora overexpression was observed at a higher proportion in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, 77.63%) compared with non-TNBC subtypes (42.76%, P < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that Bora overexpression was associated with unfavourable overall survival (OS, P < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.007) in breast cancer. In addition, Bora subclassified patients with distinct clinical outcomes in both stages (II/III) and subtypes (HR+, HER2+) of breast cancer. Consistently, Bora was associated with adverse prognosis in lung (P = 0.005 for OS and DFS P = 0.001 for DFS) and gastric adenocarcinomas (P < 0.0001 for OS, and P < 0.0001 for DFS). Moreover, Bora was positively correlated with proliferation index Ki67 in breast and gastric cancer (P < 0.001, P = 0.005, respectively). Multivariate analyses further revealed that Bora was an independent prognostic parameter for OS and DFS in all three types of adenocarcinomas. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that Bora was overexpressed and served as an independent biomarker for poor prognosis in multiple adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Xia Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yuan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yuan-Min Qian
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Min Yan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zi-Feng Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hai-Dong Zhao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chang-Hong Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Qian HR, Yang Y. Functional role of autophagy in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17641-51. [PMID: 26910278 PMCID: PMC4951239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly regulated catabolic pathway responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins and damaged intracellular organelles. Perturbations in autophagy are found in gastric cancer. In host gastric cells, autophagy can be induced by Helicobacter pylori (or H. pylori) infection, which is associated with the oncogenesis of gastric cancer. In gastric cancer cells, autophagy has both pro-survival and pro-death functions in determining cell fate. Besides, autophagy modulates gastric cancer metastasis by affecting a wide range of pathological events, including extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor angiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment. In addition, some of the autophagy-related proteins, such as Beclin 1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1-LC3), and p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) have certain prognostic values for gastric cancer. In this article, we review the recent studies regarding the functional role of autophagy in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-ran Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Xu J, Zhou W, Yang F, Chen G, Li H, Zhao Y, Liu P, Li H, Tan M, Xiong X, Sun Y. The β-TrCP-FBXW2-SKP2 axis regulates lung cancer cell growth with FBXW2 acting as a tumour suppressor. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14002. [PMID: 28090088 PMCID: PMC5241824 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-TrCP and SKP2 are two well-studied F-box proteins, which often act as oncogenes. Whether and how they communicate with each other is unknown. Here we report that FBXW2, a poorly characterized F-box, is a substrate of β-TrCP1 and an E3 ligase for SKP2. While β-TrCP1 promotes FBXW2 ubiquitylation and shortens its half-life, FBXW2 does the same to SKP2. FBXW2 has tumour suppressor activity against lung cancer cells and blocks oncogenic function of both β-TrCP1 and SKP2. The levels of β-TrCP1-FBXW2-SKP2 are inversely correlated during cell cycle with FBXW2 and β-TrCP/SKP2 being high or low, respectively, in arrested cells, whereas the opposite is true in proliferating cells. Consistently, FBXW2 predicts a better patient survival, whereas β-TrCP1 and SKP2 predict a worse survival. Finally, the gain- and loss-of-function mutations of FBXW2 are found in various human cancers. Collectively, our data show that the β-TrCP-FBXW2-SKP2 axis forms an oncogene-tumour suppressor-oncogene cascade to control cancer cell growth with FBXW2 acting as a tumour suppressor by promoting SKP2 degradation.
F-box proteins β-TrCP1 and SKP2 act as oncogenes by promoting targeted degradation of critical protein substrates. Here, the authors identify an axis of F-box proteins β-TrCP1-FBXW2-SKP2 where FBXW2 is a substrate of β-TrCP1 but mediates the degradation of SKP2, thus acting as a tumour suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Guoan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Haomin Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China.,Affiliated Children Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China.,Key laboratory of combined multi-organ transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China.,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Hua Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mingjia Tan
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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The Prognostic Role of SIRT1-Autophagy Axis in Gastric Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:6869415. [PMID: 28070138 PMCID: PMC5192295 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6869415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) can induce autophagy through deacetylation of Beclin-1 and other autophagy mediators. However, the relationship between SIRT1 and autophagy in GC has not been defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to confirm the prognostic value of SIRT1 and Beclin-1 and their relationship in GC patients. Methods. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to examine the autophagy in GC patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of SIRT1, Beclin-1 in GC, and adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa. Results. In 7 out of 8 GC patients' samples examined by TEM, more autophagic vesicles were observed in GC tissues compared to adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa tissue. A positive correlation between SIRT1 and Beclin-1 expression was observed. Furthermore, Beclin-1 or SIRT1 expression alone or their combined expression were significantly correlated with advanced clinicopathological parameters. High Beclin-1 and SIRT1 expression alone and their combined high expression predicted shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival. Both high Beclin-1 and SIRT1 expressions were independent prognostic factors for poor survival of GC. Conclusions. Based on our results we can conclude that SIRT1 and Beclin-1 expression alone or in combination can be used as prognostic indicator and may represent new therapeutic targets in GC.
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Petibone DM, Majeed W, Casciano DA. Autophagy function and its relationship to pathology, clinical applications, drug metabolism and toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:23-37. [PMID: 27682190 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that facilitates nutrient turnover and removal of expended macromolecules and organelles to maintain homeostasis. The recycling of cytosolic macromolecules and damaged organelles by autophagosomes occurs through the lysosomal degradation pathway. Autophagy can also be upregulated as a prosurvival pathway in response to stress stimuli such as starvation, hypoxia or cell damage. Over the last two decades, there has been a surge in research revealing the basic molecular mechanisms of autophagy in mammalian cells. A corollary of an advanced understanding of autophagy has been a concurrent expansion of research into understanding autophagic function and dysfunction in pathology. Recent studies have revealed a pivotal role for autophagy in drug toxicity, and for utilizing autophagic components as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in treating disease and cancer. In this review, advances in understanding the molecular basis of mammalian autophagy, methods used to induce and evaluate autophagy, and the diverse interactions between autophagy and drug toxicity, disease progression and carcinogenesis are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayton M Petibone
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Waqar Majeed
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Daniel A Casciano
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
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Low expression of MAP1LC3B, associated with low Beclin-1, predicts lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15007-15017. [PMID: 27655288 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the roles of autophagy in gastric cancer remain unclear, we aim to investigate the expression of autophagy-related proteins MAP1LC3B and Beclin-1 in human gastric cancer and discuss their clinical significance and correlation with prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. A total of 160 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. The expressions of MAP1LC3B and Beclin-1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression rates were analyzed with χ 2 and Fisher's exact tests. Survival analysis (overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS)) was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazard regression model. Both the expressions of MAP1LC3B and Beclin-1 were lower in gastric cancer tissues than adjacent normal tissues (57 vs. 82 %, p = 0.007; 72 vs. 88 %, p = 0.046, respectively). Relativity analysis indicated MAP1LC3B expression was positively correlated with Beclin-1 expression (r = 0.424, p < 0.001). Both the MAP1LC3B-high-expression patients and Beclin-1-high-expression patients have longer OS time and RFS time than MAP1LC3B-low-expression patients and Beclin-1-low-expression patients (MAP1LC3B: both p < 0.001; Beclin-1: p = 0.014, p = 0.015, respectively). High simultaneous MAP1LC3B and Beclin-1 expressions were associated with longer OS and RFS compared with low simultaneous MAP1LC3B and Beclin-1 expressions (56.77 vs. 24.42 months, p < 0.001; 53.56 vs. 22.33 months, p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate survival analysis showed both MAP1LC3B and Beclin-1 were independent prognostic factors for OS time (p = 0.016, p = 0.041, respectively). However, MAP1LC3B (p = 0.022) was an independent prognostic factor for RFS. Moreover, low expressions of MAP1LC3B and Beclin-1 were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.007, p = 0.030, respectively). The loss of MAP1LC3B, correlated with loss of Beclin-1, was observed in gastric cancer and correlated with poor prognosis and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer patients.
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Qin W, Li C, Zheng W, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Kang M, Zhang B, Yang B, Li B, Yang H, Wu Y. Inhibition of autophagy promotes metastasis and glycolysis by inducing ROS in gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39839-54. [PMID: 26497999 PMCID: PMC4741864 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy defect has been shown to be correlated with malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of human cancers, however, the detailed mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we investigated the biological changes induced by autophagy inhibition in gastric cancer. We showed that inhibition of autophagy in gastric cancer cells promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, alters metabolic phenotype from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis and converts cell phenotype toward malignant, which maybe further contribute to chemoresistance and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. We also identified that the EMT and metabolism alterations induced by autophagy inhibition were dependent on ROS-NF-κB-HIF-1α pathway. More importantly, scavenging of ROS by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated activation of NF-κB and HIF-1α in autophagy-deficient gastric cancer cells, and autophagy inhibition induced metastasis and glycolysis were also diminished by NAC in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggested that autophagy defect promotes metastasis and glycolysis of gastric cancer, and antioxidants could be used to improve disease outcome for gastric cancer patients with autophagy defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Qin
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qingqu Guo
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Muxing Kang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Baozhong Li
- Department of Oncosurgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Zhou W, Xu J, Li H, Xu M, Chen ZJ, Wei W, Pan Z, Sun Y. Neddylation E2 UBE2F Promotes the Survival of Lung Cancer Cells by Activating CRL5 to Degrade NOXA via the K11 Linkage. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1104-1116. [PMID: 27591266 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Recent studies have shown that the process of protein neddylation was abnormally activated in several human cancers. However, it is unknown whether and how UBE2F, a less characterized neddylation E2, regulates lung cancer cell survival, and whether and how NOXA, a proapoptotic protein, is ubiquitylated and degraded by which E3 and via which ubiquitin linkage.Experimental Design: Methods of immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were utilized to examine UBE2F protein expression. The biological functions of UBE2F were evaluated by in vitro cell culture and in vivo xenograft models. The in vivo complex formation among UBE2F-SAG-CUL5-NOXA was measured by a pulldown assay. Polyubiquitylation of NOXA was evaluated by in vivo and in vitro ubiquitylation assays.Results: UBE2F is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and predicts poor patient survival. While UBE2F overexpression promotes lung cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo, UBE2F knockdown selectively inhibits tumor growth. By promoting CUL5 neddylation, UBE2F/SAG/CUL5 tri-complex activates CRL5 (Cullin-RING-ligase-5) to ubiquitylate NOXA via a novel K11, but not K48, linkage for targeted proteasomal degradation. CRL5 inactivation or forced expression of K11R ubiquitin mutant caused NOXA accumulation to induce apoptosis, which is rescued by NOXA knockdown. Notably, NOXA knockdown rescues the UBE2F silencing effect, indicating a causal role of NOXA in this process. In lung cancer tissues, high levels of UBE2F and CUL5 correlate with a low level of NOXA and poor patient survival.Conclusions: By ubiquitylating and degrading NOXA through activating CRL5, UBE2F selectively promotes lung cancer cell survival and could, therefore, serve as a novel cancer target. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 1104-16. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhou
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jie Xu
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Haomin Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhijian J Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhenqiang Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Lower Beclin 1 downregulates HER2 expression to enhance tamoxifen sensitivity and predicts a favorable outcome for ER positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52156-52177. [PMID: 28881721 PMCID: PMC5581020 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen(TAM) is one of the most effective endocrine treatment for estrogen receptor(ER)-positive breast cancer, however drug resistance greatly limits benefit of it. Our purpose is to uncover the role of Beclin 1 in tamoxifen resistance and prognosis of ER positive breast cancer. We established a tamoxifen resistant ER-positive breast cancer cell subline MCF-7R presenting with higher Beclin 1 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) levels than MCF-7. Silencing Beclin 1 decreased levels of HER2 and significantly promoted TAM sensitivity of MCF-7 and MCF-7R in vitro. Overexpression of HER2 could reverse TAM sensitivity, which was formerly increased in Beclin 1 downregulated cell. Beclin 1 level was not only positively correlated with level of HER2 but also negatively correlated with overall survival of ER-positive breast cancer patients. Using bioinformatic methods, Beclin 1 mRNA was found to be negatively correlated with overall survival in breast cancer patients receiving TAM treatment. This study indicated for the first time that lower HER2 expression by Beclin 1 downregulation contributes to alteration of tamoxifen sensitivity and low Beclin 1 predicts favorable outcome in ER-positive breast cancer.
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Huang YK, Fan XG, Qiu F. TM4SF1 Promotes Proliferation, Invasion, and Metastasis in Human Liver Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050661. [PMID: 27153056 PMCID: PMC4881487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane 4 superfamily member 1 (TM4SF1) is a member of tetraspanin family, which mediates signal transduction events regulating cell development, activation, growth and motility. Our previous studies showed that TM4SF1 is highly expressed in liver cancer. HepG2 cells were transfected with TM4SFl siRNA and TM4SF1-expressing plasmids and their biological functions were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. HepG2 cells overexpressing TM4SF1 showed reduced apoptosis and increased cell migration in vitro and enhanced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, whereas siRNA-mediated silencing of TM4SF1 had the opposite effect. TM4SF1 exerts its effect by regulating a few apoptosis- and migration-related genes including caspase-3, caspase-9, MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF. These results indicate that TM4SF1 is associated with liver tumor growth and progression, suggesting that TM4SF1 may be a potential target for treatment of liver cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Fu Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Fei B, Ji F, Chen X, Liu Z, Li S, Mo Z, Fang X. Expression and clinical significance of Beclin-1 in gastric cancer tissues of various clinical stages. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2271-2277. [PMID: 26998161 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a common phenomenon in cancer metabolism. However the mechanism and guiding significance of autophagy in the development of gastric cancer has remained to be elucidated. In the present study, 75 gastric cancer tissue specimens were collected at The China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University (Changchun, China). Of these samples, 16 cases were stage 1, 40 stage 2 and 19 stage 3. Polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the messenger RNA and protein expression of Beclin-1, a significant protein associated with cellular autophagy. It was found that expression of Beclin-1 in cancer tissues from stages 1 and 2 was higher, while in stage 3 cases levels were significantly lower than that of adjacent normal tissues. In addition, the infiltration of inflammatory cytokines was also increased in stage 1 and 2 cases. In vitro studies revealed that following stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ), autophagy-associated proteins Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 were activated. Furthermore, activation of autophagy inhibited xenograft growth in nude mice. The results of these in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that in gastric cancer tissues, autophagy was downregulated following the development of cancer tissue and that inflammation may be a significant factor in this process. IFN-γ may be involved in the mediation of this process and thus present a novel target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Fei
- Department of General Surgery, The China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Fujian Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhanhao Mo
- Endoscopy Center, The China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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48
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Autophagy-based survival prognosis in human colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7084-103. [PMID: 25762626 PMCID: PMC4466671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy in cancers is controversial. Here we aim to determine the prognostic significance of autophagy in colorectal carcinoma patients, thereby allowing more rational development of therapeutic strategies. Through transmission electron microscopy, our data first demonstrated high frequency of defective mitochondria was strongly associated with poor overall survival in colorectal carcinoma. Next immunohistochemical study showed the expressions of Beclin 1, LC3B and Bcl-xL in both the center of tumor and adjacent noncancerous mucosal region were also correlated with overall survivals. We developed an autophagy signature for prognosis based on these three major autophagic proteins, further analysis suggested it was an independent prognostic biomarker and had its value even within single clinical stage. Combined TNM stage and this signature could significantly improve the accuracy of survival prognosis. To validate these immunohistochemical results, an internal testing cohort and an independent population were also included. Our findings suggest that autophagy plays an important role in the clinical cancer progression. Therefore autophagic proteins may be valuable prognostic biomarkers in the therapy of colorectal carcinoma and possibly other types of cancers.
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Huang Q, Liu X, Cao C, Lei J, Han D, Chen G, Yu J, Chen L, Lv D, Li Z. Apelin-13 induces autophagy in hepatoma HepG2 cells through ERK1/2 signaling pathway-dependent upregulation of Beclin1. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1051-1056. [PMID: 26893689 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Apelin-13 on autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and the underlying mechanism of the effect. The HepG2 cells were treated with Apelin-13 at a final concentration of 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 µmol/l for 24 h. Cells were also treated with 10 µmol/l PD98059 for 24 h. The expression of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and Beclin1 proteins were detected by western blot analysis. Beclin1 mRNA expression was also detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Autophagy was observed using fluorescence microscopy subsequent to monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Following treatment with the various concentrations of Apelin-13, the expression of the ERK1/2 protein remained at a similar level, whereas the expression of pERK1/2 increased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, the increase was significant (P<0.05). Similarly, Beclin1 expression was upregulated at the protein and mRNA levels by Apelin-13 treatment in a dose-dependent manner and was significantly increased compared with the control group. However, following treatment with the Apelin-13 inhibitor PD98059, the expression of pERK1/2, Beclin1 protein and Beclin1 mRNA were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In addition, Apelin-13 induced the autophagy of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, as revealed by MDC staining. PD98059 inhibited autophagy of HepG2 cells induced by Apelin-13. Therefore, Apelin-13 may promote autophagy in HepG2 cells by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and upregulating the expression of Beclin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Junyue Lei
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Deguan Lv
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Castaño-Rodríguez N, Kaakoush NO, Goh KL, Fock KM, Mitchell HM. Autophagy in Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Gastric Cancer. Helicobacter 2015; 20:353-69. [PMID: 25664588 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy, a degradation pathway in which cytoplasmic content is engulfed and degraded by lysosomal hydrolases, plays a pivotal role in infection and inflammation. Given that defects in autophagy lead to increased susceptibility to infection, we investigated the role of autophagy in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression of 84 molecules was examined through quantitative real-time PCR in gastric epithelial cells (AGS) and macrophages (THP-1) upon exposure to H. pylori GC026 (GC) and 26695 (gastritis). Further, ATG16L1 rs2241880, IRGM rs13361189, and IRGM rs4958847, polymorphisms that have been investigated in relation to H. pylori infection or GC in Caucasians, were detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in 304 ethnic Chinese (86 noncardia GC cases/218 functional dyspepsia controls). RESULTS Gene expression analyses showed twenty-eight molecules involved in vesicle nucleation, elongation, and maturation to be significantly down-regulated in H. pylori GC026-challenged AGS cells. Further, core autophagy proteins and autophagy regulators were differentially expressed in H. pylori-challenged THP-1-derived macrophages. Analyses of the selected polymorphisms showed that ATG16L1 rs2241880 increased the risk of GC (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.34-4.24) and H. pylori infection (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.02-2.16) while IRGM rs4958847 decreased GC risk (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09-0.74) in ethnic Chinese, these effect sizes being especially strong in H. pylori-infected individuals (ATG16L1 rs2241880 and IRGM rs13361189). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that highly virulent H. pylori strains markedly modulate autophagy in the host cell. Further, for the first time, autophagy polymorphisms were associated with GC in Chinese, a high GC-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwong Ming Fock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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