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Jiang M, Wu W, Xiong Z, Yu X, Ye Z, Wu Z. Targeting autophagy drug discovery: Targets, indications and development trends. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116117. [PMID: 38295689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a vital role in sustaining cellular homeostasis and its alterations have been implicated in the etiology of many diseases. Drugs development targeting autophagy began decades ago and hundreds of agents were developed, some of which are licensed for the clinical usage. However, no existing intervention specifically aimed at modulating autophagy is available. The obstacles that prevent drug developments come from the complexity of the actual impact of autophagy regulators in disease scenarios. With the development and application of new technologies, several promising categories of compounds for autophagy-based therapy have emerged in recent years. In this paper, the autophagy-targeted drugs based on their targets at various hierarchical sites of the autophagic signaling network, e.g., the upstream and downstream of the autophagosome and the autophagic components with enzyme activities are reviewed and analyzed respectively, with special attention paid to those at preclinical or clinical trials. The drugs tailored to specific autophagy alone and combination with drugs/adjuvant therapies widely used in clinical for various diseases treatments are also emphasized. The emerging drug design and development targeting selective autophagy receptors (SARs) and their related proteins, which would be expected to arrest or reverse the progression of disease in various cancers, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, are critically reviewed. And the challenges and perspective in clinically developing autophagy-targeted drugs and possible combinations with other medicine are considered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Wayne Wu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Zijie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China.
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2
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Santarelli S, Londero C, Soldano A, Candelaresi C, Todeschini L, Vernizzi L, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases induced by proteinopathies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1082047. [PMID: 37274187 PMCID: PMC10232775 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1082047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinopathies are a large group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by both genetic and sporadic mutations in particular genes which can lead to alterations of the protein structure and to the formation of aggregates, especially toxic for neurons. Autophagy is a key mechanism for clearing those aggregates and its function has been strongly associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), hence mutations in both pathways have been associated with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those induced by protein misfolding and accumulation of aggregates. Many crucial discoveries regarding the molecular and cellular events underlying the role of autophagy in these diseases have come from studies using Drosophila models. Indeed, despite the physiological and morphological differences between the fly and the human brain, most of the biochemical and molecular aspects regulating protein homeostasis, including autophagy, are conserved between the two species.In this review, we will provide an overview of the most common neurodegenerative proteinopathies, which include PolyQ diseases (Huntington's disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia 1, 2, and 3), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (C9orf72, SOD1, TDP-43, FUS), Alzheimer's disease (APP, Tau) Parkinson's disease (a-syn, parkin and PINK1, LRRK2) and prion diseases, highlighting the studies using Drosophila that have contributed to understanding the conserved mechanisms and elucidating the role of autophagy in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Santarelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Londero
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessia Soldano
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlotta Candelaresi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Leonardo Todeschini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Vernizzi
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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3
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Autophagy Function and Benefits of Autophagy Induction in Models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060893. [PMID: 36980234 PMCID: PMC10047838 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3, also known as Machado Joseph disease) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of the trinucleotide repeat region within the ATXN3/MJD gene. The presence of this genetic expansion results in an ataxin-3 protein containing a polyglutamine repeat region, which renders the ataxin-3 protein aggregation prone. Formation of ataxin-3 protein aggregates is linked with neuronal loss and, therefore, the development of motor deficits. Methods: Here, we investigated whether the autophagy protein quality control pathway, which is important in the process of protein aggregate removal, is impaired in a cell culture and zebrafish model of SCA3. Results: We found that SH-SY5Y cells expressing human ataxin-3 containing polyglutamine expansion exhibited aberrant levels of autophagy substrates, including increased p62 and decreased LC3II (following bafilomycin treatment), compared to the controls. Similarly, transgenic SCA3 zebrafish showed signs of autophagy impairment at early disease stages (larval), as well as p62 accumulation at advanced age stages (18 months old). We then examined whether treating with compounds known to induce autophagy activity, would aid removal of human ataxin-3 84Q and improve the swimming of the SCA3 zebrafish larvae. We found that treatment with loperamide, trehalose, rapamycin, and MG132 each improved the swimming of the SCA3 zebrafish compared to the vehicle-treated controls. Conclusion: We propose that signs of autophagy impairment occur in the SH-SY5Y model of SCA3 and SCA3 zebrafish at larval and advanced age stages. Treatment of the larval SCA3 zebrafish with various compounds with autophagy induction capacity was able to produce the improved swimming of the zebrafish, suggesting the potential benefit of autophagy-inducing compounds for the treatment of SCA3.
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4
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Molecular subtypes of ALS are associated with differences in patient prognosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:95. [PMID: 36609402 PMCID: PMC9822908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with poorly understood clinical heterogeneity, underscored by significant differences in patient age at onset, symptom progression, therapeutic response, disease duration, and comorbidity presentation. We perform a patient stratification analysis to better understand the variability in ALS pathology, utilizing postmortem frontal and motor cortex transcriptomes derived from 208 patients. Building on the emerging role of transposable element (TE) expression in ALS, we consider locus-specific TEs as distinct molecular features during stratification. Here, we identify three unique molecular subtypes in this ALS cohort, with significant differences in patient survival. These results suggest independent disease mechanisms drive some of the clinical heterogeneity in ALS.
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Grosjean I, Roméo B, Domdom MA, Belaid A, D’Andréa G, Guillot N, Gherardi RK, Gal J, Milano G, Marquette CH, Hung RJ, Landi MT, Han Y, Brest P, Von Bergen M, Klionsky DJ, Amos CI, Hofman P, Mograbi B. Autophagopathies: from autophagy gene polymorphisms to precision medicine for human diseases. Autophagy 2022; 18:2519-2536. [PMID: 35383530 PMCID: PMC9629091 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2039994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
At a time when complex diseases affect globally 280 million people and claim 14 million lives every year, there is an urgent need to rapidly increase our knowledge into their underlying etiologies. Though critical in identifying the people at risk, the causal environmental factors (microbiome and/or pollutants) and the affected pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we consider the variations of autophagy-related (ATG) genes at the heart of mechanisms of increased susceptibility to environmental stress. A comprehensive autophagy genomic resource is presented with 263 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 69 autophagy-related genes associated with 117 autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and endocrine diseases. We thus propose the term 'autophagopathies' to group together a class of complex human diseases the etiology of which lies in a genetic defect of the autophagy machinery, whether directly related or not to an abnormal flux in autophagy, LC3-associated phagocytosis, or any associated trafficking. The future of precision medicine for common diseases will lie in our ability to exploit these ATG SNP x environment relationships to develop new polygenetic risk scores, new management guidelines, and optimal therapies for afflicted patients.Abbreviations: ATG, autophagy-related; ALS-FTD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; CD, Crohn disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eQTL, expression quantitative trait loci; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; GTEx, genotype-tissue expression; GWAS, genome-wide association studies; LAP, LC3-associated phagocytosis; LC3-II, phosphatidylethanolamine conjugated form of LC3; LD, linkage disequilibrium; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; MAF, minor allele frequency; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; OS, overall survival; PtdIns3K CIII, class III phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; PtdIns3P, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SNPs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms; mQTL, methylation quantitative trait loci; ULK, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; UTRs, untranslated regions; WHO, World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Grosjean
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
| | - Barnabé Roméo
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
| | - Marie-Angela Domdom
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
| | - Amine Belaid
- Université Côte d’Azur (UCA), INSERM U1065, C3M, Team 5, F-06204, France
| | - Grégoire D’Andréa
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
- ENT and Head and Neck surgery department, Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, CHU de Nice, University Hospital, Côte d’Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Guillot
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
| | - Romain K Gherardi
- INSERM U955 Team Relais, Faculty of Health, Paris Est University, France
| | - Jocelyn Gal
- University Côte d’Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Nice, France
| | - Gérard Milano
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, UPR7497, Nice, France
| | - Charles Hugo Marquette
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
- University Côte d’Azur, FHU-OncoAge, Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Younghun Han
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Brest
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
| | - Martin Von Bergen
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Dep. of Molecular Systems Biology; University of Leipzig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Hofman
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
- University Côte d’Azur, FHU-OncoAge, CHU de Nice, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology (LPCE) Biobank(BB-0033-00025), Nice, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- University Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, France
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6
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Acetaldehyde Induces Cytotoxicity via Triggering Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Overactive Mitophagy. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3933-3946. [PMID: 35438433 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Overconsumption of alcohol damages brain tissue and causes cognitive dysfunction. It has been suggested that the neurotoxicity caused by excessive alcohol consumption is largely mediated by acetaldehyde, the most toxic metabolite of ethanol. Evidence shows that acetaldehyde impairs mitochondrial function and induces cytotoxicity of neuronal cells; however, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mitophagy in acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity. It was found that acetaldehyde treatment induced mitophagic responses and caused cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The levels of light chain 3 (LC3)-II, Beclin1, autophagy-related protein (Atg) 5 and Atg16L1, PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK)1, and Parkin were significantly elevated, while the level of p62 was reduced in acetaldehyde-treated cells. Acetaldehyde also promoted the accumulation of PINK1 and Parkin on mitochondria and caused a remarkable decrease of mitochondrial mass. Treatment with autophagy inhibitors prevented the decline of mitochondrial mass and alleviated the cytotoxicity induced by acetaldehyde, suggesting that overactive mitophagy might be an important mechanism contributing to acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly attenuated the mitophagic responses and alleviated the cytotoxicity induced by acetaldehyde, indicating that oxidative stress was a major mediator of the excessive mitophagy induced by acetaldehyde. Taken together, these findings provided new insights into the role of mitophagy and oxidative stress in acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity.
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7
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Gomes C, Sequeira C, Likhite S, Dennys CN, Kolb SJ, Shaw PJ, Vaz AR, Kaspar BK, Meyer K, Brites D. Neurotoxic Astrocytes Directly Converted from Sporadic and Familial ALS Patient Fibroblasts Reveal Signature Diversities and miR-146a Theragnostic Potential in Specific Subtypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071186. [PMID: 35406750 PMCID: PMC8997588 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A lack of stratification methods in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is likely implicated in therapeutic failures. Regional diversities and pathophysiological abnormalities in astrocytes from mice with SOD1 mutations (mSOD1-ALS) can now be explored in human patients using somatic cell reprogramming. Here, fibroblasts from four sporadic (sALS) and three mSOD1-ALS patients were transdifferentiated into induced astrocytes (iAstrocytes). ALS iAstrocytes were neurotoxic toward HB9-GFP mouse motor neurons (MNs) and exhibited subtype stratification through GFAP, CX43, Ki-67, miR-155 and miR-146a expression levels. Up- (two cases) and down-regulated (three cases) miR-146a values in iAstrocytes were recapitulated in their secretome, either free or as cargo in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). We previously showed that the neuroprotective phenotype of depleted miR-146 mSOD1 cortical astrocytes was reverted by its mimic. Thus, we tested such modulation in the most miR-146a-depleted patient-iAstrocytes (one sALS and one mSOD1-ALS). The miR-146a mimic in ALS iAstrocytes counteracted their reactive/inflammatory profile and restored miR-146a levels in sEVs. A reduction in lysosomal activity and enhanced synaptic/axonal transport-related genes in NSC-34 MNs occurred after co-culture with miR-146a-modulated iAstrocytes. In summary, the regulation of miR-146a in depleted ALS astrocytes may be key in reestablishing their normal function and in restoring MN lysosomal/synaptic dynamic plasticity in disease sub-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Gomes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.G.); (C.S.); (A.R.V.)
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (S.L.); (C.N.D.); (B.K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Catarina Sequeira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.G.); (C.S.); (A.R.V.)
| | - Shibi Likhite
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (S.L.); (C.N.D.); (B.K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Cassandra N. Dennys
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (S.L.); (C.N.D.); (B.K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Stephen J. Kolb
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43214, USA;
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK;
| | - Ana R. Vaz
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.G.); (C.S.); (A.R.V.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Brian K. Kaspar
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (S.L.); (C.N.D.); (B.K.K.); (K.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (S.L.); (C.N.D.); (B.K.K.); (K.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.G.); (C.S.); (A.R.V.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217946450
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8
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Liu Y, Wei CH, Li C, Chen WZ, Zhu Y, Xu RS. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 participates in the occurrence and development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by regulating autophagy. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1609-1616. [PMID: 34916448 PMCID: PMC8771104 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.330621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may be related to the abnormal alterations of multiple proteins. Our previous study revealed that the expression of phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 (PIK3R4) was decreased in ALS. However, the role of PIK3R4 in ALS pathogenesis remains unknown. This study was the first to find that transfection of PC12 cells with small interfering RNA against the PIK3R4 gene significantly decreased the expression levels of PIK3R4 and the autophagy-related proteins p62 and LC3. Additionally, in vivo experiments revealed that the PIK3R4 protein was extensively expressed in the anterior horn, posterior horn, central canal, and areas surrounding the central canal in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments of the spinal cord in adult mice. PIK3R4 protein was mainly expressed in the neurons within the spinal lumbar segments. PIK3R4 and p62 expression levels were significantly decreased at both the pre-onset and onset stages of ALS disease in Tg(SOD1*G93A)1Gur mice compared with control mice, but these proteins were markedly increased at the progression stage. LC3 protein expression did not change during progression of ALS. These findings suggest that PIK3R4 likely participates in the prevention of ALS progression. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Care and Use of Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University (approval No. 2020025) on March 26, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cai-Hui Wei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ren-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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9
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Cui J, Zhao S, Li Y, Zhang D, Wang B, Xie J, Wang J. Regulated cell death: discovery, features and implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:120. [PMID: 34922574 PMCID: PMC8684172 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a ubiquitous process in living organisms that is essential for tissue homeostasis or to restore biological balance under stress. Over the decades, various forms of RCD have been reported and are increasingly being found to involve in human pathologies and clinical outcomes. We focus on five high-profile forms of RCD, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy-dependent cell death, necroptosis and ferroptosis. Cumulative evidence supports that not only they have different features and various pathways, but also there are extensive cross-talks between modes of cell death. As the understanding of RCD pathway in evolution, development, physiology and disease continues to improve. Here we review an updated classification of RCD on the discovery and features of processes. The prominent focus will be placed on key mechanisms of RCD and its critical role in neurodegenerative disease. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Cui
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Suhan Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Bingjing Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
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10
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Wang H, Kodavati M, Britz GW, Hegde ML. DNA Damage and Repair Deficiency in ALS/FTD-Associated Neurodegeneration: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implication. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:784361. [PMID: 34975400 PMCID: PMC8716463 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.784361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies reveal that neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are commonly linked to DNA damage accumulation and repair deficiency. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to DNA damage due to their high metabolic activity, relying primarily on oxidative phosphorylation, which leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequent DNA damage. Efficient and timely repair of such damage is critical for guarding the integrity of genomic DNA and for cell survival. Several genes predominantly associated with RNA/DNA metabolism have been implicated in both ALS and FTD, suggesting that the two diseases share a common underlying pathology with varied clinical manifestations. Recent studies reveal that many of the gene products, including RNA/DNA binding proteins (RBPs) TDP-43 and FUS are involved in diverse DNA repair pathways. A key question in the etiology of the ALS/FTD spectrum of neurodegeneration is the mechanisms and pathways involved in genome instability caused by dysfunctions/mutations of those RBP genes and their consequences in the central nervous system. The understanding of such converging molecular mechanisms provides insights into the underlying etiology of the rapidly progressing neurodegeneration in ALS/FTD, while also revealing novel DNA repair target avenues for therapeutic development. In this review, we summarize the common mechanisms of neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD, with a particular emphasis on the DNA repair defects induced by ALS/FTD causative genes. We also highlight the consequences of DNA repair defects in ALS/FTD and the therapeutic potential of DNA damage repair-targeted amelioration of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience Research at Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Manohar Kodavati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gavin W. Britz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience Research at Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience Research at Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Trnka F, Hoffmann C, Wang H, Sansevrino R, Rankovic B, Rost BR, Schmitz D, Schmidt HB, Milovanovic D. Aberrant Phase Separation of FUS Leads to Lysosome Sequestering and Acidification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716919. [PMID: 34746121 PMCID: PMC8569517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to the death of upper and lower motor neurons. While most cases of ALS are sporadic, some of the familial forms of the disease are caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the RNA-binding protein FUS. Under physiological conditions, FUS readily phase separates into liquid-like droplets in vivo and in vitro. ALS-associated mutations interfere with this process and often result in solid-like aggregates rather than fluid condensates. Yet, whether cells recognize and triage aberrant condensates remains poorly understood, posing a major barrier to the development of novel ALS treatments. Using a combination of ALS-associated FUS mutations, optogenetic manipulation of FUS condensation, chemically induced stress, and pH-sensitive reporters of organelle acidity, we systematically characterized the cause-effect relationship between the material state of FUS condensates and the sequestering of lysosomes. From our data, we can derive three conclusions. First, regardless of whether we use wild-type or mutant FUS, expression levels (i.e., high concentrations) play a dominant role in determining the fraction of cells having soluble or aggregated FUS. Second, chemically induced FUS aggregates recruit LAMP1-positive structures. Third, mature, acidic lysosomes accumulate only at FUS aggregates but not at liquid-condensates. Together, our data suggest that lysosome-degradation machinery actively distinguishes between fluid and solid condensates. Unraveling these aberrant interactions and testing strategies to manipulate the autophagosome-lysosome axis provides valuable clues for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Trnka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Han Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Sansevrino
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Branislava Rankovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Rost
- Laboratory of Network Dysfunction, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Laboratory of Network Dysfunction, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Broder Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
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12
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Klionsky DJ, Petroni G, Amaravadi RK, Baehrecke EH, Ballabio A, Boya P, Bravo‐San Pedro JM, Cadwell K, Cecconi F, Choi AMK, Choi ME, Chu CT, Codogno P, Colombo M, Cuervo AM, Deretic V, Dikic I, Elazar Z, Eskelinen E, Fimia GM, Gewirtz DA, Green DR, Hansen M, Jäättelä M, Johansen T, Juhász G, Karantza V, Kraft C, Kroemer G, Ktistakis NT, Kumar S, Lopez‐Otin C, Macleod KF, Madeo F, Martinez J, Meléndez A, Mizushima N, Münz C, Penninger JM, Perera R, Piacentini M, Reggiori F, Rubinsztein DC, Ryan K, Sadoshima J, Santambrogio L, Scorrano L, Simon H, Simon AK, Simonsen A, Stolz A, Tavernarakis N, Tooze SA, Yoshimori T, Yuan J, Yue Z, Zhong Q, Galluzzi L, Pietrocola F. Autophagy in major human diseases. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108863. [PMID: 34459017 PMCID: PMC8488577 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 696] [Impact Index Per Article: 232.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses promote or aggravate disease in a plethora of experimental models. Consistently, mutations in autophagy-related processes cause severe human pathologies. Here, we review and discuss preclinical data linking autophagy dysfunction to the pathogenesis of major human disorders including cancer as well as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, pulmonary, renal, infectious, musculoskeletal, and ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Abramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesSection of PediatricsFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Patricia Boya
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological ResearchSpanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - José Manuel Bravo‐San Pedro
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment Section of PhysiologyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineNew York University Langone HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival UnitCenter for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD)Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Pediatric Onco‐Hematology and Cell and Gene TherapyIRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’RomeItaly
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mary E Choi
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker‐Enfants MaladesINSERM U1151‐CNRS UMR 8253ParisFrance
- Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Maria Isabel Colombo
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares Implicados en el Tráfico Vesicular y la Autofagia‐Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)‐Universidad Nacional de CuyoCONICET‐ Facultad de Ciencias MédicasMendozaArgentina
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Institute for Aging StudiesAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism (AIMCenter of Biomedical Research ExcellenceUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry IISchool of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Department of EpidemiologyPreclinical Research, and Advanced DiagnosticsNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘L. Spallanzani’ IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of ImmunologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteProgram of DevelopmentAging, and RegenerationLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and MetabolismCenter for Autophagy, Recycling & DiseaseDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Terje Johansen
- Department of Medical BiologyMolecular Cancer Research GroupUniversity of Tromsø—The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research CenterSzegedHungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental BiologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyZBMZFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS ‐ Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des CordeliersEquipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le CancerUniversité de ParisSorbonne UniversitéInserm U1138Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology PlatformsInstitut Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
- Pôle de BiologieHôpital Européen Georges PompidouAP‐HPParisFrance
- Suzhou Institute for Systems MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSuzhouChina
- Karolinska InstituteDepartment of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Carlos Lopez‐Otin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFacultad de MedicinaInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)Universidad de OviedoOviedoSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer ResearchThe Gordon Center for Integrative SciencesW‐338The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNIHResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Alicia Meléndez
- Biology Department, Queens CollegeCity University of New YorkFlushingNYUSA
- The Graduate Center Biology and Biochemistry PhD Programs of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral ImmunobiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Department of Medical GeneticsLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Laboratory of Molecular MedicineInstitute of Cytology Russian Academy of ScienceSaint PetersburgRussia
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & SystemsMolecular Cell Biology SectionUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical GeneticsCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular MedicineCardiovascular Research InstituteRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJUSA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Istituto Veneto di Medicina MolecolarePadovaItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Hans‐Uwe Simon
- Institute of PharmacologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologySechenov UniversityMoscowRussia
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyInstitute of Fundamental Medicine and BiologyKazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia
| | | | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular MedicineInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell ReprogrammingInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital MontebelloOsloNorway
| | - Alexandra Stolz
- Institute of Biochemistry IISchool of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion, CreteGreece
- Department of Basic SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion, CreteGreece
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of AutophagyThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of GeneticsGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane DynamicsGraduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science DivisionInstitute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of NeurologyFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationDepartment of PathophysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU‐SM)ShanghaiChina
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of DermatologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Université de ParisParisFrance
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13
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Xu X, Shen D, Gao Y, Zhou Q, Ni Y, Meng H, Shi H, Le W, Chen S, Chen S. A perspective on therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: can disease progression be curbed? Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:29. [PMID: 34372914 PMCID: PMC8353789 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving both upper and lower motor neurons, leading to paralysis and eventually death. Symptomatic treatments such as inhibition of salivation, alleviation of muscle cramps, and relief of spasticity and pain still play an important role in enhancing the quality of life. To date, riluzole and edaravone are the only two drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ALS in a few countries. While there is adequate consensus on the modest efficacy of riluzole, there are still open questions concerning the efficacy of edaravone in slowing the disease progression. Therefore, identification of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Impaired autophagic process plays a critical role in ALS pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on therapies modulating autophagy in the context of ALS. Furthermore, stem cell therapies, gene therapies, and newly-developed biomaterials have great potentials in alleviating neurodegeneration, which might halt the disease progression. In this review, we will summarize the current and prospective therapies for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Xu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Dingding Shen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Yining Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Qinming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - You Ni
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Huanyu Meng
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Hongqin Shi
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China.,Department of Neurology, Xinrui Hospital, Wuxi, 214028, China
| | - Weidong Le
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China. .,Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, 610031, China. .,Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200020, China.
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14
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Stella R, Bonadio RS, Cagnin S, Massimino ML, Bertoli A, Peggion C. Perturbations of the Proteome and of Secreted Metabolites in Primary Astrocytes from the hSOD1(G93A) ALS Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137028. [PMID: 34209958 PMCID: PMC8268687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease whose pathophysiology is largely unknown. Despite the fact that motor neuron (MN) death is recognized as the key event in ALS, astrocytes dysfunctionalities and neuroinflammation were demonstrated to accompany and probably even drive MN loss. Nevertheless, the mechanisms priming astrocyte failure and hyperactivation are still obscure. In this work, altered pathways and molecules in ALS astrocytes were unveiled by investigating the proteomic profile and the secreted metabolome of primary spinal cord astrocytes derived from transgenic ALS mouse model overexpressing the human (h)SOD1(G93A) protein in comparison with the transgenic counterpart expressing hSOD1(WT) protein. Here we show that ALS primary astrocytes are depleted of proteins-and of secreted metabolites-involved in glutathione metabolism and signaling. The observed increased activation of Nf-kB, Ebf1, and Plag1 transcription factors may account for the augmented expression of proteins involved in the proteolytic routes mediated by proteasome or endosome-lysosome systems. Moreover, hSOD1(G93A) primary astrocytes also display altered lipid metabolism. Our results provide novel insights into the altered molecular pathways that may underlie astrocyte dysfunctionalities and altered astrocyte-MN crosstalk in ALS, representing potential therapeutic targets to abrogate or slow down MN demise in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stella
- Department of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Raphael Severino Bonadio
- Department of Biology and CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.S.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology and CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (R.S.B.); (S.C.)
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Bertoli
- CNR—Neuroscience Institute, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Caterina Peggion
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (C.P.)
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15
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Giovedì S, Ravanelli MM, Parisi B, Bettegazzi B, Guarnieri FC. Dysfunctional Autophagy and Endolysosomal System in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Relevance and Therapeutic Options. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:602116. [PMID: 33390907 PMCID: PMC7773602 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.602116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking are crucial in neuronal development, function and survival. These processes ensure efficient removal of misfolded aggregation-prone proteins and damaged organelles, such as dysfunctional mitochondria, thus allowing the maintenance of proper cellular homeostasis. Beside this, emerging evidence has pointed to their involvement in the regulation of the synaptic proteome needed to guarantee an efficient neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Along this line, an intimate interplay between the molecular machinery regulating synaptic vesicle endocytosis and synaptic autophagy is emerging, suggesting that synaptic quality control mechanisms need to be tightly coupled to neurosecretion to secure release accuracy. Defects in autophagy and endolysosomal pathway have been associated with neuronal dysfunction and extensively reported in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among other neurodegenerative diseases, with common features and emerging genetic bases. In this review, we focus on the multiple roles of autophagy and endolysosomal system in neuronal homeostasis and highlight how their defects probably contribute to synaptic default and neurodegeneration in the above-mentioned diseases, discussing the most recent options explored for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giovedì
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maria Ravanelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Parisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Bettegazzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, Gene Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Claudia Guarnieri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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16
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Amin A, Perera ND, Beart PM, Turner BJ, Shabanpoor F. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Autophagy: Dysfunction and Therapeutic Targeting. Cells 2020; 9:E2413. [PMID: 33158177 PMCID: PMC7694295 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, there has been a drastically increased understanding of the genetic basis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Despite the identification of more than 40 different ALS-causing mutations, the accumulation of neurotoxic misfolded proteins, inclusions, and aggregates within motor neurons is the main pathological hallmark in all cases of ALS. These protein aggregates are proposed to disrupt cellular processes and ultimately result in neurodegeneration. One of the main reasons implicated in the accumulation of protein aggregates may be defective autophagy, a highly conserved intracellular "clearance" system delivering misfolded proteins, aggregates, and damaged organelles to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is one of the primary stress response mechanisms activated in highly sensitive and specialised neurons following insult to ensure their survival. The upregulation of autophagy through pharmacological autophagy-inducing agents has largely been shown to reduce intracellular protein aggregate levels and disease phenotypes in different in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we explore the intriguing interface between ALS and autophagy, provide a most comprehensive summary of autophagy-targeted drugs that have been examined or are being developed as potential treatments for ALS to date, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting autophagy in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fazel Shabanpoor
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (A.A.); (N.D.P.); (P.M.B.); (B.J.T.)
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17
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Decreased Mitochondrial Function, Biogenesis, and Degradation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients as a Potential Tool for Biomarker Research. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5084-5102. [PMID: 32840822 PMCID: PMC7541388 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial and progressive neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. Due to ALS’s unpredictable onset and progression rate, the search for biomarkers that allow the detection and tracking of its development and therapeutic efficacy would be of significant medical value. Considering that alterations of energy supply are one of ALS’s main hallmarks and that a correlation has been established between gene expression in human brain tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the present work investigates whether changes in mitochondrial function could be used to monitor ALS. To achieve this goal, PBMCs from ALS patients and control subjects were used; blood sampling is a quite non-invasive method and is cost-effective. Different parameters were evaluated, namely cytosolic calcium levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, and metabolic compounds levels, as well as mitochondrial dynamics and degradation. Altogether, we observed lower mitochondrial calcium uptake/retention, mitochondria depolarization, and redox homeostasis deregulation, in addition to a decrease in critical metabolic genes, a diminishment in mitochondrial biogenesis, and an augmentation in mitochondrial fission and autophagy-related gene expression. All of these changes can contribute to the decreased ATP and pyruvate levels observed in ALS PBMCs. Our data indicate that PBMCs from ALS patients show a significant mitochondrial dysfunction, resembling several findings from ALS’ neural cells/models, which could be exploited as a powerful tool in ALS research. Our findings can also guide future studies on new pharmacological interventions for ALS since assessments of brain samples are challenging and represent a relevant limited strategy. Graphical abstract ![]()
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18
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Cho KS, Lee JH, Cho J, Cha GH, Song GJ. Autophagy Modulators and Neuroinflammation. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:955-982. [PMID: 30381067 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181031144605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of various neurological disorders. Therefore, various studies have focused on the development of neuroinflammation inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools. Recently, the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of neuroinflammation has drawn substantial scientific interest, and a growing number of studies support the role of impaired autophagy in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review recent research on the role of autophagy in controlling neuroinflammation. We focus on studies employing both mammalian cells and animal models to evaluate the ability of different autophagic modulators to regulate neuroinflammation. METHODS We have mostly reviewed recent studies reporting anti-neuroinflammatory properties of autophagy. We also briefly discussed a few studies showing that autophagy modulators activate neuroinflammation in certain conditions. RESULTS Recent studies report neuroprotective as well as anti-neuroinflammatory effects of autophagic modulators. We discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of action of these drugs and their potential limitations as therapeutic agents against neurological disorders. CONCLUSION Autophagy activators are promising compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders involving neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Guang-Ho Cha
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
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19
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Strohm L, Behrends C. Glia-specific autophagy dysfunction in ALS. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 99:172-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Casterton RL, Hunt RJ, Fanto M. Pathomechanism Heterogeneity in the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Disease Spectrum: Providing Focus Through the Lens of Autophagy. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2692-2713. [PMID: 32119873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) constitute aggressive neurodegenerative pathologies that lead to the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons and of neocortical areas, respectively. In the past decade, the identification of several genes that cause these disorders indicated that the two diseases overlap in a multifaceted spectrum of conditions. The autophagy-lysosome system has been identified as a main intersection for the onset and progression of neurodegeneration in ALS/FTD. Genetic evidence has revealed that several genes with a mechanistic role at different stages of the autophagy process are mutated in patients with ALS/FTD. Moreover, the three main proteins aggregating in ALS/FTD, including in sporadic cases, are also targeted by autophagy and affect this process. Here, we examine the varied dysfunctions and degrees of involvement of the autophagy-lysosome system that have been discovered in ALS/FTD. We argue that these findings shed light on the pathological mechanisms in the ALS/FTD spectrum and conclude that they have important consequences both for treatment options and for the basic biomolecular understanding of how this process intersects with RNA metabolism, the other major cellular process reported to be dysfunctional in part of the ALS/FTD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Casterton
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel J Hunt
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Manolis Fanto
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), 47, bd de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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21
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Suresh SN, Chakravorty A, Giridharan M, Garimella L, Manjithaya R. Pharmacological Tools to Modulate Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2822-2842. [PMID: 32105729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidences suggest a link between autophagy dysfunction, protein aggregation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Given that autophagy is a conserved intracellular housekeeping process, modulation of autophagy flux in various model organisms have highlighted its importance for maintaining proteostasis. In postmitotic cells such as neurons, compromised autophagy is sufficient to cause accumulation of ubiquitinated aggregates, neuronal dysfunction, degeneration, and loss of motor coordination-all hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Reciprocally, enhanced autophagy flux augments cellular and organismal health, in addition to extending life span. These genetic studies not-withstanding a plethora of small molecule modulators of autophagy flux have been reported that alleviate disease symptoms in models of neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the potential of such molecules to be, perhaps, one of the first autophagy drugs for treating these currently incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Suresh
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Anushka Chakravorty
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Mridhula Giridharan
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi Garimella
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India; Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India.
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22
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Vicencio E, Beltrán S, Labrador L, Manque P, Nassif M, Woehlbier U. Implications of Selective Autophagy Dysfunction for ALS Pathology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020381. [PMID: 32046060 PMCID: PMC7072226 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder that progressively affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Due to the biological complexity of the disease, its etiology remains unknown. Several cellular mechanisms involved in the neurodegenerative process in ALS have been found, including the loss of RNA and protein homeostasis, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Insoluble protein aggregates, damaged mitochondria, and stress granules, which contain RNA and protein components, are recognized and degraded by the autophagy machinery in a process known as selective autophagy. Autophagy is a highly dynamic process whose dysregulation has now been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS, by numerous studies. In ALS, the autophagy process has been found deregulated in both familial and sporadic cases of the disease. Likewise, mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in the autophagy machinery have been reported in ALS patients, including selective autophagy receptors. In this review, we focus on the role of selective autophagy in ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Vicencio
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Sebastián Beltrán
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Luis Labrador
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.L.); (P.M.)
| | - Patricio Manque
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.L.); (P.M.)
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile
| | - Melissa Nassif
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.L.); (P.M.)
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile
- Correspondence: (U.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Ute Woehlbier
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile; (E.V.); (S.B.); (L.L.); (P.M.)
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile
- Correspondence: (U.W.); (M.N.)
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23
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Kareem O, Bader GN, Pottoo FH, Amir M, Barkat MA, Pandey M. Beclin 1 Complex and Neurodegenerative Disorders. QUALITY CONTROL OF CELLULAR PROTEIN IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1317-0.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Beclin1 is the mammalian orthologue of yeast Atg6/vacuolar protein sorting-30 (VPS30). Beclin1 interacts with various biological macromolecules like ATG14, BIF-1, NRBF2, RUBICON, UVRAG, AMBRA1, HMGB1, PINK1, and PARKIN. Such interactions promote Beclin1-PI3KC3 complex formation. Autophagy is blocked in apoptosis owing to the breakdown of Beclin1 by caspase whereas autophagy induction inhibits effector caspase degradation, therefore, blocks apoptosis. Thus, the Beclin1 is an essential biomolecular species for cross-regulation between autophagy and apoptosis. Various studies carried out in neurodegenerative animal models associated with aggregated proteins have confirmed that multifunctional Beclin1 protein is necessary for neuronal integrity. The role of Beclin1 protein has been investigated and was reported in various human neurodegeneration disorders. This chapter aims to provide an insight into the role of Beclin1 in the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozaifa Kareem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology Division), Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ghulam Nabi Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology Division), Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd. Amir
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukesh Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, India
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24
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Cheon SY, Kim H, Rubinsztein DC, Lee JE. Autophagy, Cellular Aging and Age-related Human Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:643-657. [PMID: 31902153 PMCID: PMC6946111 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.6.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved degradation system that engulfs intracytoplasmic contents, including aggregated proteins and organelles, which is crucial for cellular homeostasis. During aging, cellular factors suggested as the cause of aging have been reported to be associated with progressively compromised autophagy. Dysfunctional autophagy may contribute to age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disease, cancer, and metabolic syndrome, in the elderly. Therefore, restoration of impaired autophagy to normal may help to prevent age-related disease and extend lifespan and longevity. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms of autophagy underlying cellular aging and the consequent disease. Understanding the mechanisms of autophagy may provide potential information to aid therapeutic interventions in age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Cheon
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.,Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.,Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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25
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Djajadikerta A, Keshri S, Pavel M, Prestil R, Ryan L, Rubinsztein DC. Autophagy Induction as a Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:2799-2821. [PMID: 31887286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a major, conserved cellular pathway by which cells deliver cytoplasmic contents to lysosomes for degradation. Genetic studies have revealed extensive links between autophagy and neurodegenerative disease, and disruptions to autophagy may contribute to pathology in some cases. Autophagy degrades many of the toxic, aggregate-prone proteins responsible for such diseases, including mutant huntingtin (mHTT), alpha-synuclein (α-syn), tau, and others, raising the possibility that autophagy upregulation may help to reduce levels of toxic protein species, and thereby alleviate disease. This review examines autophagy induction as a potential therapy in several neurodegenerative diseases-Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, polyglutamine diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Evidence in cells and in vivo demonstrates promising results in many disease models, in which autophagy upregulation is able to reduce the levels of toxic proteins, ameliorate signs of disease, and delay disease progression. However, the effective therapeutic use of autophagy induction requires detailed knowledge of how the disease affects the autophagy-lysosome pathway, as activating autophagy when the pathway cannot go to completion (e.g., when lysosomal degradation is impaired) may instead exacerbate disease in some cases. Investigating the interactions between autophagy and disease pathogenesis is thus a critical area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Djajadikerta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Swati Keshri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariana Pavel
- Department of Immunology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
| | - Ryan Prestil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Ryan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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26
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Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with roles in processes involved in degrading and recycling cellular waste, cellular signalling and energy metabolism. Defects in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause lysosomal storage disorders, in which enzyme replacement therapy has proved successful. Growing evidence also implicates roles for lysosomal dysfunction in more common diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and metabolic disorders. With a focus on lysosomal dysfunction in autoimmune disorders and neurodegenerative diseases - including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease - this Review critically analyses progress and opportunities for therapeutically targeting lysosomal proteins and processes, particularly with small molecules and peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France.
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.
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27
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Lithium facilitates removal of misfolded proteins and attenuated faulty interaction between mutant SOD1 and p-CREB (Ser133) through enhanced autophagy in mutant hSOD1G93A transfected neuronal cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6299-6309. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Histamine Is an Inducer of the Heat Shock Response in SOD1-G93A Models of ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153793. [PMID: 31382568 PMCID: PMC6696457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial non-cell autonomous disease where activation of microglia and astrocytes largely contributes to motor neurons death. Heat shock proteins have been demonstrated to promote neuronal survival and exert a strong anti-inflammatory action in glia. Having previously shown that the pharmacological increase of the histamine content in the central nervous system (CNS) of SOD1-G93A mice decreases neuroinflammation, reduces motor neuron death, and increases mice life span, here we examined whether this effect could be mediated by an enhancement of the heat shock response. (2) Methods: Heat shock protein expression was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Histamine was provided to primary microglia and NSC-34 motor neurons expressing the SOD1-G93A mutation. The brain permeable histamine precursor histidine was chronically administered to symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice. Spine density was measured by Golgi-staining in motor cortex of histidine-treated SOD1-G93A mice. (3) Results: We demonstrate that histamine activates the heat shock response in cultured SOD1-G93A microglia and motor neurons. In SOD1-G93A mice, histidine augments the protein content of GRP78 and Hsp70 in spinal cord and cortex, where the treatment also rescues type I motor neuron dendritic spine loss. (4) Conclusion: Besides the established histaminergic neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, the induction of the heat shock response in the SOD1-G93A model by histamine confirms the importance of this pathway in the search for successful therapeutic solutions to treat ALS.
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29
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Ma S, Attarwala IY, Xie XQ. SQSTM1/p62: A Potential Target for Neurodegenerative Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2094-2114. [PMID: 30657305 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by a progressive loss of brain function, affect the lives of millions of individuals worldwide. The complexity of the brain poses a challenge for scientists trying to map the biochemical and physiological pathways to identify areas of pathological errors. Brain samples of patients with neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to contain large amounts of misfolded and abnormally aggregated proteins, resulting in dysfunction in certain brain centers. Removal of these abnormal molecules is essential in maintaining protein homeostasis and overall neuronal health. Macroautophagy is a major route by which cells achieve this. Administration of certain autophagy-enhancing compounds has been shown to provide therapeutic effects for individuals with neurodegenerative conditions. SQSTM1/p62 is a scaffold protein closely involved in the macroautophagy process. p62 functions to anchor the ubiquitinated proteins to the autophagosome membrane, promoting degradation of unwanted molecules. Modulators targeting p62 to induce autophagy and promote its protective pathways for aggregate protein clearance have high potential in the treatment of these conditions. Additionally, causal relationships have been found between errors in regulation of SQSTM1/p62 and the development of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Furthermore, SQSTM1/p62 also serves as a signaling hub for multiple pathways associated with neurodegeneration, providing a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, rational design of a p62-oriented autophagy modulator that can balance the negative and positive functions of multiple domains in p62 requires further efforts in the exploration of the protein structure and pathological basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- ID4Pharma LLC, Bridgeville, Pennsylvania 15017, United States
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30
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Shefa U, Jeong NY, Song IO, Chung HJ, Kim D, Jung J, Huh Y. Mitophagy links oxidative stress conditions and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:749-756. [PMID: 30688256 PMCID: PMC6375051 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.249218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is activated by a number of stimuli, including hypoxia, energy stress, and increased oxidative phosphorylation activity. Mitophagy is associated with oxidative stress conditions and central neurodegenerative diseases. Proper regulation of mitophagy is crucial for maintaining homeostasis; conversely, inadequate removal of mitochondria through mitophagy leads to the generation of oxidative species, including reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, resulting in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These diseases are most prevalent in older adults whose bodies fail to maintain proper mitophagic functions to combat oxidative species. As mitophagy is essential for normal body function, by targeting mitophagic pathways we can improve these disease conditions. The search for effective remedies to treat these disease conditions is an ongoing process, which is why more studies are needed. Additionally, more relevant studies could help establish therapeutic conditions, which are currently in high demand. In this review, we discuss how mitophagy plays a significant role in homeostasis and how its dysregulation causes neurodegeneration. We also discuss how combating oxidative species and targeting mitophagy can help treat these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulfuara Shefa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na Young Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - In Ok Song
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngbuhm Huh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Beltran S, Nassif M, Vicencio E, Arcos J, Labrador L, Cortes BI, Cortez C, Bergmann CA, Espinoza S, Hernandez MF, Matamala JM, Bargsted L, Matus S, Rojas-Rivera D, Bertrand MJM, Medinas DB, Hetz C, Manque PA, Woehlbier U. Network approach identifies Pacer as an autophagy protein involved in ALS pathogenesis. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:14. [PMID: 30917850 PMCID: PMC6437924 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial fatal motoneuron disease without a cure. Ten percent of ALS cases can be pointed to a clear genetic cause, while the remaining 90% is classified as sporadic. Our study was aimed to uncover new connections within the ALS network through a bioinformatic approach, by which we identified C13orf18, recently named Pacer, as a new component of the autophagic machinery and potentially involved in ALS pathogenesis. METHODS Initially, we identified Pacer using a network-based bioinformatic analysis. Expression of Pacer was then investigated in vivo using spinal cord tissue from two ALS mouse models (SOD1G93A and TDP43A315T) and sporadic ALS patients. Mechanistic studies were performed in cell culture using the mouse motoneuron cell line NSC34. Loss of function of Pacer was achieved by knockdown using short-hairpin constructs. The effect of Pacer repression was investigated in the context of autophagy, SOD1 aggregation, and neuronal death. RESULTS Using an unbiased network-based approach, we integrated all available ALS data to identify new functional interactions involved in ALS pathogenesis. We found that Pacer associates to an ALS-specific subnetwork composed of components of the autophagy pathway, one of the main cellular processes affected in the disease. Interestingly, we found that Pacer levels are significantly reduced in spinal cord tissue from sporadic ALS patients and in tissues from two ALS mouse models. In vitro, Pacer deficiency lead to impaired autophagy and accumulation of ALS-associated protein aggregates, which correlated with the induction of cell death. CONCLUSIONS This study, therefore, identifies Pacer as a new regulator of proteostasis associated with ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beltran
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Nassif
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Vicencio
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Arcos
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Labrador
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - B I Cortes
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Cortez
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Bergmann
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Espinoza
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile
| | - M F Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - J M Matamala
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Bargsted
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Matus
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Zañartu 1482, 7780272, Santiago, Chile.,Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, 7780272, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - D Rojas-Rivera
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M J M Bertrand
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - P A Manque
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - U Woehlbier
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile.
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32
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Maiuri MC, Kroemer G. Therapeutic modulation of autophagy: which disease comes first? Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:680-689. [PMID: 30728461 PMCID: PMC6460393 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The relentless efforts of thousands of researchers have allowed deciphering the molecular machinery that regulates and executes autophagy, thus identifying multiple molecular targets to enhance or block the process, rendering autophagy "druggable". Autophagy inhibition may be useful for preserving the life of cells that otherwise would succumb to excessive self-digestion. Moreover, autophagy blockade may reduce the fitness of cancer cells or interrupt metabolic circuitries required for their growth. Autophagy stimulation is probably useful for the prevention or treatment of aging, cancer (when stimulation of immunosurveillance is the therapeutic goal), cardiovascular disease, cystic fibrosis, infection by intracellular pathogens, obesity, and intoxication by heavy metals, just to mention a few examples. Epidemiological evidence suggests broad health-improving effects for lifestyles, micronutrients, and drugs that favor autophagy. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy in disease pathogenesis while focusing on the question, which disease will become the first clinically approved indication for therapeutic autophagy modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM U1138, 75006, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM U1138, 75006, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, 75006, Paris, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015, Paris, France.
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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33
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Brenner D, Sieverding K, Bruno C, Lüningschrör P, Buck E, Mungwa S, Fischer L, Brockmann SJ, Ulmer J, Bliederhäuser C, Philibert CE, Satoh T, Akira S, Boillée S, Mayer B, Sendtner M, Ludolph AC, Danzer KM, Lobsiger CS, Freischmidt A, Weishaupt JH. Heterozygous Tbk1 loss has opposing effects in early and late stages of ALS in mice. J Exp Med 2019; 216:267-278. [PMID: 30635357 PMCID: PMC6363427 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1 ) cause familial ALS, yet downstream mechanisms of TBK1 mutations remained elusive. TBK1 is a pleiotropic kinase involved in the regulation of selective autophagy and inflammation. We show that heterozygous Tbk1 deletion alone does not lead to signs of motoneuron degeneration or disturbed autophagy in mice during a 200-d observation period. Surprisingly, however, hemizygous deletion of Tbk1 inversely modulates early and late disease phases in mice additionally overexpressing ALS-linked SOD1G93A , which represents a "second hit" that induces both neuroinflammation and proteostatic dysregulation. At the early stage, heterozygous Tbk1 deletion impairs autophagy in motoneurons and prepones both the clinical onset and muscular denervation in SOD1G93A/Tbk1+/- mice. At the late disease stage, however, it significantly alleviates microglial neuroinflammation, decelerates disease progression, and extends survival. Our results indicate a profound effect of TBK1 on brain inflammatory cells under pro-inflammatory conditions and point to a complex, two-edged role of TBK1 in SOD1-linked ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brenner
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Clara Bruno
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Buck
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Mungwa
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lena Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Ulmer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Clémentine E Philibert
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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34
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Gonzalez Porras MA, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Impaired Autophagy in Motor Neurons: A Final Common Mechanism of Injury and Death. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:211-224. [PMID: 29638184 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular digestion process that contributes to cellular homeostasis and adaptation by the elimination of proteins and damaged organelles. Evidence suggests that dysregulation of autophagy plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases, including motor neuron disorders. Herein, we review emerging evidence indicating the roles of autophagy in physiological motor neuron processes and its function in specific compartments. Moreover, we discuss the involvement of autophagy in the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases, including spinal cord injury and aging, and recent developments that offer promising therapeutic approaches to mitigate effects of dysregulated autophagy in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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35
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Wei YM, Han B. Beclin1 decreases the RIPA-insoluble fraction of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked SOD1 mutant via autophagy. Neurosci Lett 2019; 690:106-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Ryter SW, Bhatia D, Choi ME. Autophagy: A Lysosome-Dependent Process with Implications in Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Human Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:138-159. [PMID: 29463101 PMCID: PMC6251060 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent homeostatic process inherent to cells and tissues, has emerging significance in the pathogenesis of human disease. This process enables the degradation and turnover of cytoplasmic substrates via membrane-dependent sequestration in autophagic vesicles (autophagosomes) and subsequent lysosomal delivery of cargo. Recent Advances: Selective forms of autophagy can target specific substrates (e.g., organelles, protein aggregates, and lipids) for processing. Autophagy is highly regulated by oxidative stress, including exposure to altered oxygen tension, by direct and indirect mechanisms, and contributes to inducible defenses against oxidative stress. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) plays a critical role in the oxidative stress response, through maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. CRITICAL ISSUES Autophagy can impact a number of vital cellular processes including inflammation and adaptive immunity, host defense, lipid metabolism and storage, mitochondrial homeostasis, and clearance of aggregated proteins, all which may be of significance in human disease. Autophagy can exert both maladaptive and adaptive roles in disease pathogenesis, which may also be influenced by autophagy impairment. This review highlights the essential roles of autophagy in human diseases, with a focus on diseases in which oxidative stress or inflammation play key roles, including human lung, liver, kidney and heart diseases, metabolic diseases, and diseases of the cardiovascular and neural systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigations that further elucidate the complex role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease will facilitate targeting this pathway for therapies in specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W. Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Divya Bhatia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mary E. Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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37
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Chu CT. Mechanisms of selective autophagy and mitophagy: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 122:23-34. [PMID: 30030024 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the concept of mammalian autophagy as a nonselective degradation system has been repudiated, due in part to important discoveries in neurodegenerative diseases, which opened the field of selective autophagy. Protein aggregates and damaged mitochondria represent key pathological hallmarks shared by most neurodegenerative diseases. The landmark discovery in 2007 of p62/SQSTM1 as the first mammalian selective autophagy receptor defined a new family of autophagy-related proteins that serve to target protein aggregates, mitochondria, intracellular pathogens and other cargoes to the core autophagy machinery via an LC3-interacting region (LIR)-motif. Notably, mutations in the LIR-motif proteins p62 (SQSTM1) and optineurin (OPTN) contribute to familial forms of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Moreover, a subset of LIR-motif proteins is involved in selective mitochondrial degradation initiated by two recessive familial Parkinson's disease genes. PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) activates the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin (PARK2) to mark depolarized mitochondria for degradation. An extensive body of literature delineates key mechanisms in this pathway, based mostly on work in transformed cell lines. However, the potential role of PINK1-triggered mitophagy in neurodegeneration remains a conundrum, particularly in light of recent in vivo mitophagy studies. There are at least three major mechanisms by which mitochondria are targeted for mitophagy: transmembrane receptor-mediated, ubiquitin-mediated and cardiolipin-mediated. This review summarizes key features of the major cargo recognition pathways for selective autophagy and mitophagy, highlighting their potential impact in the pathogenesis or amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleen T Chu
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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38
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Wang Y, Song M, Song F. Neuronal autophagy and axon degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2389-2406. [PMID: 29675785 PMCID: PMC11105516 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Axon degeneration is a pathophysiological process of axonal dying and breakdown, which is characterized by several morphological features including the accumulation of axoplasmic organelles, disassembly of microtubules, and fragmentation of the axonal cytoskeleton. Autophagy, a highly conserved lysosomal-degradation machinery responsible for the control of cellular protein quality, is widely believed to be essential for the maintenance of axonal homeostasis in neurons. In recent years, more and more evidence suggests that dysfunctional autophagy is associated with axonal degeneration in many neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the core machinery of autophagy in neuronal cells, and provide several major steps that interfere with autophagy flux in neurodegenerative conditions. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential role of neuronal autophagy in axon degeneration, and presents some possible molecular mechanisms by which dysfunctional autophagy leads to axon degeneration in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxue Song
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Xu L, Shen J, Yu L, Sun J, Yan M. Autophagy is involved in sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity in the developing rat brain. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:226-232. [PMID: 29803872 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane can induce neonatal wide neurodegenerative and serious deficit to space learning tasks in rodents, however, the specific mechanism is still unclear. At present, the study tried to explore the possible role of autophagy in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through observing the changes in the levels of autophagy in the newborn SD rat hippocampus tissue after sevoflurane exposure. METHODS We used seventy-two SD rats of seven days receiving sevoflurane exposure to explore hippocampus neuron autophagy and apoptosis. RESULTS Our results indicated that sevoflurane increased the levels of Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II protein and decreased sequestosome 1 levels in a time-dependent manner by Western blot in the developing brain. These results were further substantiated by transmission electron microscopy, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Rapamycin, an activator of autophagy, increased the levels of Beclin-1and LC3-II protein, meanwhile, 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, decreased Beclin-1and LC3-II protein levels. CONCLUSION Taken together, autophagy may be involved in sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity and promoting protective autophagy may be a potential way of preventing developmental sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianliang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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40
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Metaxakis A, Ploumi C, Tavernarakis N. Autophagy in Age-Associated Neurodegeneration. Cells 2018; 7:cells7050037. [PMID: 29734735 PMCID: PMC5981261 DOI: 10.3390/cells7050037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of abnormal and dysfunctional cellular constituents is an essential prerequisite for nerve cells to maintain their homeostasis and proper function. This is mainly achieved through autophagy, a process that eliminates abnormal and dysfunctional cellular components, including misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Several studies suggest that age-related decline of autophagy impedes neuronal homeostasis and, subsequently, leads to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders due to the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in neurons. Here, we discuss the involvement of autophagy perturbation in neurodegeneration and present evidence indicating that upregulation of autophagy holds potential for the development of therapeutic interventions towards confronting neurodegenerative diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Metaxakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
| | - Christina Ploumi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece.
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41
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Bingol B. Autophagy and lysosomal pathways in nervous system disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:167-208. [PMID: 29729319 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for delivering cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes for degradation. In its classically studied form, autophagy is a stress response induced by starvation to recycle building blocks for essential cellular processes. In addition, autophagy maintains basal cellular homeostasis by degrading endogenous substrates such as cytoplasmic proteins, protein aggregates, damaged organelles, as well as exogenous substrates such as bacteria and viruses. Given their important role in homeostasis, autophagy and lysosomal machinery are genetically linked to multiple human disorders such as chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiomyopathies, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple targets within the autophagy and lysosomal pathways offer therapeutic opportunities to benefit patients with these disorders. Here, I will summarize the mechanisms of autophagy pathways, the evidence supporting a pathogenic role for disturbed autophagy and lysosomal degradation in nervous system disorders, and the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Bingol
- Genentech, Inc., Department of Neuroscience, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco 94080, United States.
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42
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Kim JH, Sohn UD, Kim HG, Kim HR. Exposure to 835 MHz RF-EMF decreases the expression of calcium channels, inhibits apoptosis, but induces autophagy in the mouse hippocampus. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:277-289. [PMID: 29719450 PMCID: PMC5928341 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The exponential increase in the use of mobile communication has triggered public concerns about the potential adverse effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by mobile phones on the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we explored the relationship between calcium channels and apoptosis or autophagy in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice after RF-EMF exposure with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W/kg for 4 weeks. Firstly, the expression level of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), a key regulator of the entry of calcium ions into the cell, was confirmed by immunoblots. We investigated and confirmed that pan-calcium channel expression in hippocampal neurons were significantly decreased after exposure to RF-EMF. With the observed accumulation of autolysosomes in hippocampal neurons via TEM, the expressions of autophagy-related genes and proteins (e.g., LC3B-II) had significantly increased. However, down-regulation of the apoptotic pathway may contribute to the decrease in calcium channel expression, and thus lower levels of calcium in hippocampal neurons. These results suggested that exposure of RF-EMF could alter intracellular calcium homeostasis by decreasing calcium channel expression in the hippocampus; presumably by activating the autophagy pathway, while inhibiting apoptotic regulation as an adaptation process for 835 MHz RF-EMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hyung-Gun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hak Rim Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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43
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Matamala JM, Arias-Carrasco R, Sanchez C, Uhrig M, Bargsted L, Matus S, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Abarzua S, van Zundert B, Verdugo R, Manque P, Hetz C. Genome-wide circulating microRNA expression profiling reveals potential biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 64:123-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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44
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Abstract
In recent years, the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases has transitioned into a limbo of protective or detrimental effects. Genetic evidence indicates that mutations in autophagy-regulatory genes can result in the occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting a physiological role of the pathway to motoneuron function. However, experimental manipulation of autophagy in ALS models led to conflicting results depending on the intervention strategy and the disease model used. A recent work by the Maniatis group systematically explored the role of cell-specific autophagy in motoneurons at different disease stages, revealing surprising and unexpected findings. Autophagy activity at early stages may contribute to maintaining the structure and function of neuromuscular junctions, whereas at later steps of the disease it has a pathogenic activity possibly involving cell-nonautonomous mechanisms related to glial activation. This new study adds a new layer of complexity in the field, suggesting an intricate interplay between proteostasis alterations, the time-differential function of autophagy in neurons, and muscle innervation in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Valenzuela
- a Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.,b Center for Geroscience , Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO) , Santiago , Chile.,c Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Melissa Nassif
- d Center for Integrative Biology (CIB), Faculty of Sciences , Universidad Mayor , Santiago , Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- a Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.,b Center for Geroscience , Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO) , Santiago , Chile.,c Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.,e Buck Institute for Research on Aging , Novato , CA , USA.,f Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases , Harvard School of Public Health , Boston MA , USA
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45
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Medinas DB, Valenzuela V, Hetz C. Proteostasis disturbance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:R91-R104. [PMID: 28977445 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motoneurons in the brain and spinal cord leading to paralysis and death. Although the etiology of ALS remains poorly understood, abnormal protein aggregation and altered proteostasis are common features of sporadic and familial ALS forms. The proteostasis network is decomposed into different modules highly conserved across species and comprehends a collection of mechanisms related to protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, secretion and degradation that is distributed in different compartments inside the cell. Functional studies in various ALS models are revealing a complex scenario where distinct and even opposite effects in disease progression are observed depending on the targeted component of the proteostasis network. Importantly, alteration of the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is becoming a common pathological alteration in ALS, representing one of the earliest defects observed in disease models, contributing to denervation and motoneuron dysfunction. Strategies to target-specific components of the proteostasis network using small molecules and gene therapy are under development, and promise interesting avenues for future interventions to delay or stop ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Valenzuela
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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46
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Li R, Yi X, Wei X, Huo B, Guo X, Cheng C, Fang ZM, Wang J, Feng X, Zheng P, Su YS, Masau JF, Zhu XH, Jiang DS. EZH2 inhibits autophagic cell death of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells to affect aortic dissection. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:180. [PMID: 29416002 PMCID: PMC5833461 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a methyltransferase that di- and tri-methylates lysine-27 of histone H3, largely functions as a transcriptional repressor, and plays a critical role in various kinds of cancers. Here we report a novel function of EZH2 in regulating autophagic cell death (ACD) of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that affect aortic dissection (AD). Inhibition of EZH2 activity by UNC1999 or knockdown EZH2 resulted in VSMC loss, while overexpression of EZH2 facilitated VSMC growth, and these effects of EZH2 on VSMCs were independent of proliferation and apoptosis. Interestingly, more autophagic vacuoles and increased LC3II protein levels were identified in VSMCs with EZH2 inhibition or deficiency. Moreover, when compared with counterparts, chloroquine alone, or chloroquine with rapamycin treatment led to more LC3II accumulation in EZH2 inhibited or knockdown VSMCs, which indicated that EZH2 negatively regulated autophagosome formation. In conjunction to this, ATG5 and ATG7 protein levels were remarkably increased in EZH2 inhibited or deficient VSMCs, and ATG5 or ATG7 knockdown virtually rescued VSMC loss induced by EZH2 inhibition or knockdown. In addition, we found that the MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, but not AMPKα, mTOR, or AKT pathway, is responsible for the impact of EZH2 on ACD of VSMCs. Additionally, the adverse effects of EZH2 inhibition or knockdown on VSMCs were largely reversed by PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK1. More importantly, decreased EZH2 expression levels in the aortic wall of patients with AD indicated its contribution to VSMC loss and AD occurrence. Overall, these findings revealed that EZH2 affects ACD of VSMCs and the pathologic process of AD via regulating ATG5 and ATG7 expression and MEK-ERK1/2 signaling. Our hitherto unrecognized findings indicate that EZH2 activation has therapeutic or preventive potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Huo
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cai Cheng
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ze-Min Fang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yun-Shu Su
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jackson Ferdinand Masau
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xue-Hai Zhu
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Vats A, Gourie-Devi M, Ahuja K, Sharma A, Wajid S, Ganguly NK, Taneja V. Expression analysis of protein homeostasis pathways in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. J Neurol Sci 2018; 387:85-91. [PMID: 29571878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded protein aggregates are the hallmark of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) which suggests involvement of protein homeostasis pathways in etiology of ALS. However, status of protein homeostasis in peripheral blood of ALS is not well established. We analyzed expression levels of key genes of proteostasis pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of sporadic ALS (sALS) patients and healthy controls. Increased protein carbonylation was observed in patients reflecting oxidative damage in PBMCs. We observed increased transcript and protein levels of GRP78 suggesting Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) insult to cells. Further, significant upregulation of spliced XBP1 and two stress sensors: IRE1α/ERN1 and ATF6 indicated induction of unfolded protein response (UPR). Genes involved in autophagosome initiation (ULK1, ULK2, ATG13); nucleation and elongation (BECLIN1, ATG7, ATG16L1, ATG5, ATG10) and vesicular trafficking genes were significantly increased in patients. Increased lipidation of LC3 validated induction of autophagy. Accumulation of low molecular weight ubiquitinated proteins in patients suggested deregulation of proteasome (UPS) pathway. In addition, cytosolic chaperones (HSP70 and HSP27) and HSF1 were elevated in patients. Increased TDP43 indicated role of TDP43 in disease pathology. Our findings suggest that there is oxidative insult and upregulation of UPR, vesicular trafficking and autophagy in PBMCs of sALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Vats
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi 110060, India; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mandaville Gourie-Devi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi 110060, India; Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, New Delhi 110095, India
| | - Kavita Ahuja
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Ankkita Sharma
- Department of Neurophysiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi 110060, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Ganguly
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi 110060, India
| | - Vibha Taneja
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, Delhi 110060, India.
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48
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Lee A, Rayner SL, Gwee SSL, De Luca A, Shahheydari H, Sundaramoorthy V, Ragagnin A, Morsch M, Radford R, Galper J, Freckleton S, Shi B, Walker AK, Don EK, Cole NJ, Yang S, Williams KL, Yerbury JJ, Blair IP, Atkin JD, Molloy MP, Chung RS. Pathogenic mutation in the ALS/FTD gene, CCNF, causes elevated Lys48-linked ubiquitylation and defective autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:335-354. [PMID: 28852778 PMCID: PMC11105586 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that have common molecular and pathogenic characteristics, such as aberrant accumulation and ubiquitylation of TDP-43; however, the mechanisms that drive this process remain poorly understood. We have recently identified CCNF mutations in familial and sporadic ALS and FTD patients. CCNF encodes cyclin F, a component of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (SCFcyclin F) complex that is responsible for ubiquitylating proteins for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In this study, we examined the ALS/FTD-causing p.Ser621Gly (p.S621G) mutation in cyclin F and its effect upon downstream Lys48-specific ubiquitylation in transfected Neuro-2A and SH-SY5Y cells. Expression of mutant cyclin FS621G caused increased Lys48-specific ubiquitylation of proteins in neuronal cells compared to cyclin FWT. Proteomic analysis of immunoprecipitated Lys48-ubiquitylated proteins from mutant cyclin FS621G-expressing cells identified proteins that clustered within the autophagy pathway, including sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1), heat shock proteins, and chaperonin complex components. Examination of autophagy markers p62, LC3, and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (Lamp2) in cells expressing mutant cyclin FS621G revealed defects in the autophagy pathway specifically resulting in impairment in autophagosomal-lysosome fusion. This finding highlights a potential mechanism by which cyclin F interacts with p62, the receptor responsible for transporting ubiquitylated substrates for autophagic degradation. These findings demonstrate that ALS/FTD-causing mutant cyclin FS621G disrupts Lys48-specific ubiquitylation, leading to accumulation of substrates and defects in the autophagic machinery. This study also demonstrates that a single missense mutation in cyclin F causes hyper-ubiquitylation of proteins that can indirectly impair the autophagy degradation pathway, which is implicated in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lee
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Research Park Drive, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Stephanie L Rayner
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Research Park Drive, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Serene S L Gwee
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Alana De Luca
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Hamideh Shahheydari
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Vinod Sundaramoorthy
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Audrey Ragagnin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Marco Morsch
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rowan Radford
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jasmin Galper
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sarah Freckleton
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Emily K Don
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Cole
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Shu Yang
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kelly L Williams
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Research Park Drive, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Research Park Drive, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Roger S Chung
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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49
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Deng Z, Sheehan P, Chen S, Yue Z. Is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia an autophagy disease? Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:90. [PMID: 29282133 PMCID: PMC5746010 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders that share genetic risk factors and pathological hallmarks. Intriguingly, these shared factors result in a high rate of comorbidity of these diseases in patients. Intracellular protein aggregates are a common pathological hallmark of both diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that impaired RNA processing and disrupted protein homeostasis are two major pathogenic pathways for these diseases. Indeed, recent evidence from genetic and cellular studies of the etiology and pathogenesis of ALS-FTD has suggested that defects in autophagy may underlie various aspects of these diseases. In this review, we discuss the link between genetic mutations, autophagy dysfunction, and the pathogenesis of ALS-FTD. Although dysfunction in a variety of cellular pathways can lead to these diseases, we provide evidence that ALS-FTD is, in many cases, an autophagy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Deng
- Brain center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.,Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.,Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Patricia Sheehan
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Shi Chen
- Brain center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China. .,Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA.
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50
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Kim JH, Yu DH, Kim HJ, Huh YH, Cho SW, Lee JK, Kim HG, Kim HR. Exposure to 835 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field induces autophagy in hippocampus but not in brain stem of mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 34:23-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233717740066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The exploding popularity of mobile phones and their close proximity to the brain when in use has raised public concern regarding possible adverse effects from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on the central nervous system. Numerous studies have suggested that RF-EMF emitted by mobile phones can influence neuronal functions in the brain. Currently, there is still very limited information on what biological mechanisms influence neuronal cells of the brain. In the present study, we explored whether autophagy is triggered in the hippocampus or brain stem after RF-EMF exposure. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 835 MHz RF-EMF with specific absorption rates (SAR) of 4.0 W/kg for 12 weeks; afterward, the hippocampus and brain stem of mice were dissected and analyzed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that several autophagic genes, which play key roles in autophagy regulation, were significantly upregulated only in the hippocampus and not in the brain stem. Expression levels of LC3B-II protein and p62, crucial autophagic regulatory proteins, were significantly changed only in the hippocampus. In parallel, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed an increase in the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in the hippocampal neurons of RF-EMF-exposed mice. The present study revealed that autophagy was induced in the hippocampus, not in the brain stem, in 835 MHz RF-EMF with an SAR of 4.0 W/kg for 12 weeks. These results could suggest that among the various adaptation processes to the RF-EMF exposure environment, autophagic degradation is one possible mechanism in specific brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Da-Hyeon Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Seong-Wan Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Jin-Koo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Gun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Hak Rim Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
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