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Din GU, Wu C, Tariq Z, Hasham K, Amjad MN, Shen B, Yue L, Raza MA, Ashraf MA, Chen L, Hu Y. Unlocking influenza B: exploring molecular biology and reverse genetics for epidemic control and vaccine innovation. Virol J 2024; 21:196. [PMID: 39180083 PMCID: PMC11344405 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a highly contagious acute viral illness that affects the respiratory system, posing a significant global public health concern. Influenza B virus (IBV) causes annual seasonal epidemics. The exploration of molecular biology and reverse genetics of IBV is pivotal for understanding its replication, pathogenesis, and evolution. Reverse genetics empowers us to purposefully alter the viral genome, engineer precise genetic modifications, and unveil the secrets of virulence and resistance mechanisms. It helps us in quickly analyzing new virus strains by viral genome manipulation and the development of innovative influenza vaccines. Reverse genetics has been employed to create mutant or reassortant influenza viruses for evaluating their virulence, pathogenicity, host range, and transmissibility. Without this technique, these tasks would be difficult or impossible, making it crucial for preparing for epidemics and protecting public health. Here, we bring together the latest information on how we can manipulate the genes of the influenza B virus using reverse genetics methods, most importantly helper virus-independent techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghayyas Ud Din
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunchen Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zahra Tariq
- Sundas Molecular Analysis Center, Sundas Foundation, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Hasham
- Sundas Molecular Analysis Center, Sundas Foundation, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabeel Amjad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lihuan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Muhammad Asif Raza
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Awais Ashraf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingdie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Li X, Le Y, Zhang Z, Nian X, Liu B, Yang X. Viral Vector-Based Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097736. [PMID: 37175441 PMCID: PMC10177981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a technique involving the modification of an individual's genes for treating a particular disease. The key to effective gene therapy is an efficient carrier delivery system. Viral vectors that have been artificially modified to lose their pathogenicity are used widely as a delivery system, with the key advantages of their natural high transduction efficiency and stable expression. With decades of development, viral vector-based gene therapies have achieved promising clinical outcomes. Currently, the three key vector strategies are based on adeno-associated viruses, adenoviruses, and lentiviruses. However, certain challenges, such as immunotoxicity and "off-target", continue to exist. In the present review, the above three viral vectors are discussed along with their respective therapeutic applications. In addition, the major translational challenges encountered in viral vector-based gene therapies are summarized, and the possible strategies to address these challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yang Le
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Zhegang Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Bo Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
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Abstract
Vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to be highly effective; however, the breadth against emerging variants and the longevity of protection remains unclear. Postimmunization boosting has been shown to be beneficial for disease protection, and as new variants continue to emerge, periodic (and perhaps annual) vaccination will likely be recommended. New seasonal influenza virus vaccines currently need to be developed every year due to continual antigenic drift, an undertaking made possible by a robust global vaccine production and distribution infrastructure. To create a seasonal combination vaccine targeting both influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 that is also amenable to frequent reformulation, we have developed an influenza A virus (IAV) genetic platform that allows the incorporation of an immunogenic domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein onto IAV particles. Vaccination with this combination vaccine elicited neutralizing antibodies and provided protection from lethal challenge with both pathogens in mice. This approach may allow the leveraging of established influenza vaccine infrastructure to generate a cost-effective and scalable seasonal vaccine solution for both influenza and coronaviruses. IMPORTANCE The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants since the onset of the pandemic has highlighted the need for both periodic vaccination “boosts” and a platform that can be rapidly reformulated to manufacture new vaccines. In this work, we report an approach that can utilize current influenza vaccine manufacturing infrastructure to generate combination vaccines capable of protecting from both influenza virus- and SARS-CoV-2-induced disease. The production of a combined influenza/SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may represent a practical solution to boost immunity to these important respiratory viruses without the increased cost and administration burden of multiple independent vaccines.
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Khizar S, Al-Dossary AA, Zine N, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Errachid A, Elaissari A. Contribution of magnetic particles in molecular diagnosis of human viruses. Talanta 2022; 241:123243. [PMID: 35121538 PMCID: PMC8779935 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Viral diseases are the primary source of death, making a worldwide influence on healthcare, social, and economic development. Thus, diagnosis is the vital approach to the main aim of virus control and elimination. On the other hand, the prompt advancement of nanotechnology in the field of medicine possesses the probability of being beneficial to diagnose infections normally in labs as well as specifically. Nanoparticles are efficiently in use to make novel strategies because of permitting analysis at cellular in addition to the molecular scale. Henceforth, they assist towards pronounced progress concerning molecular analysis at the nanoscale. In recent times, magnetic nanoparticles conjugated through covalent bonds to bioanalytes for instance peptides, antibodies, nucleic acids, plus proteins are established like nanoprobes aimed at molecular recognition. These modified magnetic nanoparticles could offer a simple fast approach for extraction, purification, enrichment/concentration, besides viruses' recognition precisely also specifically. In consideration of the above, herein insight and outlook into the limitations of conventional methods and numerous roles played by magnetic nanoparticles to extract, purify, concentrate, and additionally in developing a diagnostic regime for viral outbreaks to combat viruses especially the ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Khizar
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Amal A Al-Dossary
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Zine
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | | | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69622, Lyon, France.
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Hu H, Pan K, Shang Y, Guo Y, Xiao H, Deng F, Wang M, Hu Z. Multiloci Manipulation of Baculovirus Genome Reveals the Pivotal Role of Homologous Regions in Viral DNA Replication, Progeny Production, and Enhancing Transcription. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:144-153. [PMID: 34933547 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of viral genomes facilitates both fundamental and applied research on viruses. However, the multiloci manipulation of DNAs of viruses with large DNA genomes, such as baculoviruses, herpesviruses, and poxviruses, is technically challenging, particularly for highly homologous or repetitive sequences. Homologous regions (hrs) have multiple copies in many large DNA viruses and play pivotal roles in the viral life cycle. Here, we used synthetic biology to investigate the fundamental function of baculoviral hrs by conducting multiloci manipulation of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) DNA that contains eight hrs scattered in the genome. Using transformation-associated recombination in yeast, we generated recombinant AcMNPV genomes in which we deleted all hrs or retained a single hr (hr1, hr2, or hr3). Infectious viruses were rescued after transfecting the synthetic viral genomes into host cells, and their replication features were characterized. The results demonstrated that deletion of all hrs severely compromised viral DNA replication and progeny production, whereas retaining only a single hr was essential for efficient viral DNA replication and progeny production. The synthetic virus with hr2 or hr3 showed a growth curve similar to that of the parental virus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that hr1, hr2, and hr3 could enhance gene transcription within a surrounding region of 14.6 kb, 13.8 kb, and 29.8 kb, respectively. Overall, this study revealed the advantages of synthetic biology in multiloci engineering and functional studies of large DNA viruses. In addition, our findings on hrs will be helpful for the design and improvement of baculovirus-based expression vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengrui Hu
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Pan
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yijia Guo
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Manli Wang
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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Wang S, Li L, Yan F, Gao Y, Yang S, Xia X. COVID-19 Animal Models and Vaccines: Current Landscape and Future Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1082. [PMID: 34696190 PMCID: PMC8537799 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an unprecedented challenge to global public health. With the intensification of the COVID-19 epidemic, the development of vaccines and therapeutic drugs against the etiological agent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is also widespread. To prove the effectiveness and safety of these preventive vaccines and therapeutic drugs, available animal models that faithfully recapitulate clinical hallmarks of COVID-19 are urgently needed. Currently, animal models including mice, golden hamsters, ferrets, nonhuman primates, and other susceptible animals have been involved in the study of COVID-19. Moreover, 117 vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials after the primary evaluation in animal models, of which inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines are promising vaccine candidates. In this review, we summarize the landscape of animal models for COVID-19 vaccine evaluation and advanced vaccines with an efficacy range from about 50% to more than 95%. In addition, we point out future directions for COVID-19 animal models and vaccine development, aiming at providing valuable information and accelerating the breakthroughs confronting SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Ling Li
- National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266000, China;
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (S.W.); (X.X.)
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Mucosal Priming with a Recombinant Influenza A Virus-Vectored Vaccine Elicits T-Cell and Antibody Responses to HIV-1 in Mice. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00059-21. [PMID: 33789991 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00059-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant influenza A viral (IAV) vectors are potential to stimulate systemic and mucosal immunity, but the packaging capacity is limited and only one or a few epitopes can be carried. Here, we report the generation of a replication-competent IAV vector that carries a full-length HIV-1 p24 gene linked to the 5'-terminal coding region of the neuraminidase segment via a protease cleavage sequence (IAV-p24). IAV-p24 was successfully rescued and stably propagated, and P24 protein was efficiently expressed in infected mammalian cells. In BALB/c mice, IAV-p24 showed attenuated pathogenicity compared to that of the parental A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus. An intranasal inoculation with IAV-p24 elicited moderate HIV-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in the airway and vaginal tracts and in the spleen, and an intranasal boost with a replication-incompetent adenovirus type 2 vector expressing the HIV-1 gag gene (Ad2-gag) greatly improved these responses. Importantly, compared to an Ad2-gag prime plus IAV-p24 boost regimen, the IAV-p24 prime plus Ad2-gag boost regimen had a greater efficacy in eliciting HIV-specific CMI responses. P24-specific CD8+ T cells and antibodies were robustly provoked both systemically and in mucosal sites and showed long-term durability, revealing that IAV-p24 may be used as a mucosa-targeted priming vaccine. Our results illustrate that IAV-p24 is able to prime systemic and mucosal immunity against HIV-1 and warrants further evaluation in nonhuman primates.IMPORTANCE An effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive despite nearly 40 years of research. CD8+ T cells and protective antibodies may both be desirable for preventing HIV-1 infection in susceptible mucosal sites. Recombinant influenza A virus (IAV) vector has the potential to stimulate these immune responses, but the packaging capacity is extremely limited. Here, we describe a replication-competent IAV vector expressing the HIV-1 p24 gene (IAV-p24). Unlike most other IAV vectors that carried one or several antigenic epitopes, IAV-p24 stably expressed the full-length P24 protein, which contains multiple epitopes and is highly conserved among all known HIV-1 sequences. Compared to the parental A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus, IAV-p24 showed an attenuated pathogenicity in BALB/c mice. When combined with an adenovirus vector expressing the HIV-1 gag gene, IAV-p24 was able to prime P24-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. IAV-p24 as an alternative priming vaccine against HIV-1 warrants further evaluation in nonhuman primates.
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de la Fuente IF, Sawant SS, Tolentino MQ, Corrigan PM, Rouge JL. Viral Mimicry as a Design Template for Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers. Front Chem 2021; 9:613209. [PMID: 33777893 PMCID: PMC7987652 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.613209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic nucleic acids hold immense potential in combating undruggable, gene-based diseases owing to their high programmability and relative ease of synthesis. While the delivery of this class of therapeutics has successfully entered the clinical setting, extrahepatic targeting, endosomal escape efficiency, and subcellular localization. On the other hand, viruses serve as natural carriers of nucleic acids and have acquired a plethora of structures and mechanisms that confer remarkable transfection efficiency. Thus, understanding the structure and mechanism of viruses can guide the design of synthetic nucleic acid vectors. This review revisits relevant structural and mechanistic features of viruses as design considerations for efficient nucleic acid delivery systems. This article explores how viral ligand display and a metastable structure are central to the molecular mechanisms of attachment, entry, and viral genome release. For comparison, accounted for are details on the design and intracellular fate of existing nucleic acid carriers and nanostructures that share similar and essential features to viruses. The review, thus, highlights unifying themes of viruses and nucleic acid delivery systems such as genome protection, target specificity, and controlled release. Sophisticated viral mechanisms that are yet to be exploited in oligonucleotide delivery are also identified as they could further the development of next-generation nonviral nucleic acid vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jessica L. Rouge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Prospects of and Barriers to the Development of Epitope-Based Vaccines against Human Metapneumovirus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060481. [PMID: 32570728 PMCID: PMC7350342 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of respiratory illnesses in children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. Although this pathogen was only discovered in 2001, an enormous amount of research has been conducted in order to develop safe and effective vaccines to prevent people from contracting the disease. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the most promising experimental B- and T-cell epitopes of human metapneumovirus for the rational design of HMPV vaccines using vector delivery systems, paying special attention to the conservation of these epitopes among different lineages/genotypes of HMPV. The prospects of the successful development of an epitope-based HMPV vaccine are discussed in the context of recent findings regarding HMPV’s ability to modulate host immunity. In particular, we discuss the lack of data on experimental human CD4 T-cell epitopes for HMPV despite the role of CD4 lymphocytes in both the induction of higher neutralizing antibody titers and the establishment of CD8 memory T-cell responses. We conclude that current research should be focused on searching for human CD4 T-cell epitopes of HMPV that can help us to design a safe and cross-protective epitope-based HMPV vaccine.
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A Recombinant Influenza A/H1N1 Carrying A Short Immunogenic Peptide of MERS-CoV as Bivalent Vaccine in BALB/c Mice. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040281. [PMID: 31810359 PMCID: PMC6963271 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) became a global human health threat since its first documentation in humans in 2012. An efficient vaccine for the prophylaxis of humans in hotspots of the infection (e.g., Saudi Arabia) is necessary but no commercial vaccines are yet approved. In this study, a chimeric DNA construct was designed to encode an influenza A/H1N1 NA protein which is flanking immunogenic amino acids (aa) 736–761 of MERS-CoV spike protein. Using the generated chimeric construct, a novel recombinant vaccine strain against pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1pdm09) and MERS-CoV was generated (chimeric bivalent 5 + 3). The chimeric bivalent 5 + 3 vaccine strain comprises a recombinant PR8-based vaccine, expressing the PB1, HA, and chimeric NA of pandemic 2009 H1N1. Interestingly, an increase in replication efficiency of the generated vaccine strain was observed when compared to the PR8-based 5 + 3 H1N1pdm09 vaccine strain that lacks the MERS-CoV spike peptide insert. In BALB/c mice, the inactivated chimeric bivalent vaccine induced potent and specific neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and H1N1pdm09. This novel approach succeeded in developing a recombinant influenza virus with potential use as a bivalent vaccine against H1N1pdm09 and MERS-CoV. This approach provides a basis for the future development of chimeric influenza-based vaccines against MERS-CoV and other viruses.
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Harding AT, Haas GD, Chambers BS, Heaton NS. Influenza viruses that require 10 genomic segments as antiviral therapeutics. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008098. [PMID: 31730644 PMCID: PMC6881065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) encode their genome across eight, negative sense RNA segments. During viral assembly, the failure to package all eight segments, or packaging a mutated segment, renders the resulting virion incompletely infectious. It is known that the accumulation of these defective particles can limit viral disease by interfering with the spread of fully infectious particles. In order to harness this phenomenon therapeutically, we defined which viral packaging signals were amenable to duplication and developed a viral genetic platform which produced replication competent IAVs that require up to two additional artificial genome segments for full infectivity. The modified and artificial genome segments propagated by this approach are capable of acting as "decoy" segments that, when packaged by coinfecting wild-type viruses, lead to the production of non-infectious viral particles. Although IAVs which require 10 genomic segments for full infectivity are able to replicate themselves and spread in vivo, their genomic modifications render them avirulent in mice. Administration of these viruses, both prophylactically and therapeutically, was able to rescue animals from a lethal influenza virus challenge. Together, our results show that replicating IAVs designed to propagate and spread defective genomic segments represent a potent anti-influenza biological therapy that can target the conserved process of particle assembly to limit viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred T. Harding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Griffin D. Haas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Benjamin S. Chambers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Nicholas S. Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Kotomina T, Isakova-Sivak I, Matyushenko V, Kim KH, Lee Y, Jung YJ, Kang SM, Rudenko L. Recombinant live attenuated influenza vaccine viruses carrying CD8 T-cell epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus protect mice against both pathogens without inflammatory disease. Antiviral Res 2019; 168:9-17. [PMID: 31075351 PMCID: PMC6620116 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory disease in young children, elderly and immunocompromised adults. There is no licensed vaccine against RSV although development of an effective and safe RSV vaccine has been a high priority for several decades. Among the various vaccine platforms, the viral-vectored RSV vaccines based on licensed cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) might offer an advantage of inducing adequate mucosal CD8 T cell immunity at the infection site of respiratory pathogens. We constructed two recombinant LAIV viruses expressing immunodominant T-cell epitopes of RSV M2-1 protein. The results in this study provide evidence that RSV CD8 T cell epitopes delivered by LAIV viral vector could confer protection against RSV infection without causing pulmonary eosinophilia and inflammatory RSV disease in mice. In addition, these chimeric LAIV-RSV vaccines retained their attenuated phenotype and ability to protect against virulent influenza virus, thus providing a unique approach to fight against two dangerous respiratory viral pathogens using a single vaccine preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kotomina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Acad. Pavlov Street, 197376, Russia
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Acad. Pavlov Street, 197376, Russia.
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Acad. Pavlov Street, 197376, Russia
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Acad. Pavlov Street, 197376, Russia
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13
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Kotomina T, Korenkov D, Matyushenko V, Prokopenko P, Rudenko L, Isakova-Sivak I. Live attenuated influenza vaccine viral vector induces functional cytotoxic T-cell immune response against foreign CD8+ T-cell epitopes inserted into NA and NS1 genes using the 2A self-cleavage site. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2964-2970. [PMID: 30024831 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1502529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of viral vector vaccines against various pathogens for which conventional vaccination approaches are not applicable has been a priority for a number of years. One promising approach is the insertion of immunodominant conservative cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) epitopes into the genome of a viral vector, which then delivers these epitopes to target cells, inducing immunity. Many different viruses have been assessed as viral vectors for CTL-based vaccines, but only a few of them are clinically relevant, mainly because of safety issues and limited knowledge about their performance in humans. In this regard, the use of licensed cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) viruses as a vector delivery system has clear advantages for CTL-based vector vaccines against other respiratory pathogens: LAIV is known to induce all arms of the adaptive immune system and is administered via nasal spray, and its production process is relatively easy and inexpensive. Here we present the first results of the use of an LAIV backbone for designing a CTL epitope-based vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The chimeric LAIV-RSV vaccine candidates were attenuated in mice and induced strong, fully functional CTL immunity in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kotomina
- a Department of Virology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Saint Petersburg , Russia
| | - Daniil Korenkov
- a Department of Virology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Saint Petersburg , Russia
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- a Department of Virology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Saint Petersburg , Russia
| | - Polina Prokopenko
- a Department of Virology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Saint Petersburg , Russia
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- a Department of Virology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Saint Petersburg , Russia
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- a Department of Virology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Saint Petersburg , Russia
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14
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Zhang S, Sun F, Ren T, Duan Y, Gu H, Lai C, Wang Z, Zhang P, Wang X, Yang P. Immunogenicity of an influenza virus-vectored vaccine carrying the hepatitis C virus protein epitopes in mice. Antiviral Res 2017; 145:168-174. [PMID: 28778831 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a devastating impact on human health, and infections can progress into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective HCV vaccine. In this study, we rescued a recombinant PR8 influenza viral vector, called rgFLU-HCVCE1E2, carrying the core and envelope glycoprotein (C/E1/E2) epitopes of HCV inserted into the influenza nonstructural protein 1 gene. The morphological characteristics of rgFLU-HCVCE1E2 and the expression of the C/E1/E2 epitopes of HCV were examined. rgFLU-HCVCE1E2 replicated in various cell lines, including MDCK, A549, and Huh7.5 cells. More importantly, in BALB/c mice immunized intranasally twice at a 21-day interval with 104, 105, or 106 TCID50 rgFLU-HCVCE1E2, the viral vector induced a robust antibody response to influenza and HCV and potent IFN-γ and IL-4 secretion in response to HCV antigens in a dose-dependent manner. The rgFLU-HCVCE1E2 virus also stimulated IFN-γ production by virus-specific peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic HCV infection. The study demonstrated that rgFLU-HCVCE1E2 carrying HCV antigens is immunogenic in vivo and has potential for the development of a HCV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang Sun
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Tianyu Ren
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yueqiang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chengcai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | | | | | - Xiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Penghui Yang
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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15
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Isakova-Sivak IN, Korenkov DA, Fedorova EA, Tretiak TS, Matyushenko VA, Smolonogina TA, Rudenko LG. Analysis of Immune Epitopes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus for Designing of Vectored Vaccines Based on Influenza Virus Platform. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 161:533-7. [PMID: 27590768 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The immunoepitope database was used for analysis of experimentally detected epitopes of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) proteins and for selection of the epitope combinations for subsequent designing of recombinant vectored anti-RSV vaccines based on attenuated influenza viruses. Three cassettes containing the most promising B- and T-cell RSV epitopes were selected: peptide F (243-294) supporting the formation of humoral immunity in animals; fragment M2-1 (70-101+114-146) containing two MHC I epitopes (82-90 and 127-135); and MHC II-epitope (51-66). The selected constructions contained no neoepitopes causing undesirable effects of vaccination, such as immunotolerance or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Isakova-Sivak
- A. A. Smorodintsev Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - D A Korenkov
- A. A. Smorodintsev Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Fedorova
- A. A. Smorodintsev Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T S Tretiak
- A. A. Smorodintsev Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V A Matyushenko
- A. A. Smorodintsev Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T A Smolonogina
- A. A. Smorodintsev Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L G Rudenko
- A. A. Smorodintsev Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Isakova-Sivak I, Tretiak T, Rudenko L. Cold-adapted influenza viruses as a promising platform for viral-vector vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1241-3. [PMID: 27385419 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1208088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Isakova-Sivak
- a Department of Virology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Saint Petersburg , Russia
| | - Tatiana Tretiak
- a Department of Virology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Saint Petersburg , Russia
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- a Department of Virology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Saint Petersburg , Russia
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17
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Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Safety, immunogenicity and infectivity of new live attenuated influenza vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1313-29. [PMID: 26289975 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1075883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are believed to be immunologically superior to inactivated influenza vaccines, because they can induce a variety of adaptive immune responses, including serum antibodies, mucosal and cell-mediated immunity. In addition to the licensed cold-adapted LAIV backbones, a number of alternative LAIV approaches are currently being developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. This review summarizes recent progress in the development and evaluation of LAIVs, with special attention to their safety, immunogenicity and infectivity for humans, and discusses their perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Isakova-Sivak
- a Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Acad. Pavlov Street, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Spronken MI, Short KR, Herfst S, Bestebroer TM, Vaes VP, van der Hoeven B, Koster AJ, Kremers GJ, Scott DP, Gultyaev AP, Sorell EM, de Graaf M, Bárcena M, Rimmelzwaan GF, Fouchier RA. Optimisations and Challenges Involved in the Creation of Various Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Influenza A Virus Strains for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133888. [PMID: 26241861 PMCID: PMC4524686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescent and fluorescent influenza A viruses offer new opportunities to study influenza virus replication, tropism and pathogenesis. To date, several influenza A reporter viruses have been described. These strategies typically focused on a single reporter gene (either bioluminescent or fluorescent) in a single virus backbone. However, whilst bioluminescence is suited to in vivo imaging, fluorescent viruses are more appropriate for microscopy. Therefore, the idea l reporter virus varies depending on the experiment in question, and it is important that any reporter virus strategy can be adapted accordingly. Herein, a strategy was developed to create five different reporter viruses in a single virus backbone. Specifically, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), far-red fluorescent protein (fRFP), near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP), Gaussia luciferase (gLUC) and firefly luciferase (fLUC) were inserted into the PA gene segment of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). This study provides a comprehensive characterisation of the effects of different reporter genes on influenza virus replication and reporter activity. In vivo reporter gene expression, in lung tissues, was only detected for eGFP, fRFP and gLUC expressing viruses. In vitro, the eGFP-expressing virus displayed the best reporter stability and could be used for correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM). This strategy was then used to create eGFP-expressing viruses consisting entirely of pandemic H1N1, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and H7N9. The HPAI H5N1 eGFP-expressing virus infected mice and reporter gene expression was detected, in lung tissues, in vivo. Thus, this study provides new tools and insights for the creation of bioluminescent and fluorescent influenza A reporter viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique I. Spronken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsty R. Short
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M. Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent P. Vaes
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara van der Hoeven
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham J. Koster
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dana P. Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Alexander P. Gultyaev
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erin M. Sorell
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Bárcena
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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19
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Li J, Diaz-Arévalo D, Chen Y, Zeng M. Intranasal vaccination with an engineered influenza virus expressing the receptor binding subdomain of botulinum neurotoxin provides protective immunity against botulism and influenza. Front Immunol 2015; 6:170. [PMID: 25954272 PMCID: PMC4404949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a negative segmented RNA virus without DNA intermediate. This makes it safer as a vaccine delivery vector than most DNA viruses that have potential to integrate their genetic elements into host genomes. In this study, we developed a universal influenza viral vector, expressing the receptor binding subdomain of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A). We tested the growth characters of the engineered influenza virus in chicken eggs and Madin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK), and showed that it can be produced to a titer of 5 × 106 plaque forming unites/ml in chicken eggs and MDCK cells. Subsequently, mice intranasally vaccinated with the engineered influenza virus conferred protection against challenge with lethal doses of active BoNT/A toxin and influenza virus. Our results demonstrated the feasibility to develop a dual purpose nasal vaccine against both botulism and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, TX , USA
| | - Diana Diaz-Arévalo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, TX , USA
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, TX , USA
| | - Mingtao Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, TX , USA
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20
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Flórido M, Pillay R, Gillis CM, Xia Y, Turner SJ, Triccas JA, Stambas J, Britton WJ. Epitope-specific CD4+, but not CD8+, T-cell responses induced by recombinant influenza A viruses protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:780-93. [PMID: 25430701 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global health problem, in part due to failure of the currently available vaccine, BCG, to protect adults against pulmonary forms of the disease. We explored the impact of pulmonary delivery of recombinant influenza A viruses (rIAVs) on the induction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis)-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses and the resultant protection against M. tuberculosis infection in C57BL/6 mice. Intranasal infection with rIAVs expressing a CD4(+) T-cell epitope from the Ag85B protein (PR8.p25) or CD8(+) T-cell epitope from the TB10.4 protein (PR8.TB10.4) generated strong T-cell responses to the M. tuberculosis-specific epitopes in the lung that persisted long after the rIAVs were cleared. Infection with PR8.p25 conferred protection against subsequent M. tuberculosis challenge in the lung, and this was associated with increased levels of poly-functional CD4(+) T cells at the time of challenge. By contrast, infection with PR8.TB10.4 did not induce protection despite the presence of IFN-γ-producing M. tuberculosis-specific CD8(+) T cells in the lung at the time of challenge and during infection. Therefore, the induction of pulmonary M. tuberculosis epitope-specific CD4(+), but not CD8(+) T cells, is essential for protection against acute M. tuberculosis infection in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Flórido
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
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21
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Li J, Arévalo MT, Chen Y, Chen S, Zeng M. T-cell-mediated cross-strain protective immunity elicited by prime-boost vaccination with a live attenuated influenza vaccine. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 27:37-43. [PMID: 25172265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigenic drift and shift of influenza viruses require frequent reformulation of influenza vaccines. In addition, seasonal influenza vaccines are often mismatched to the epidemic influenza strains. This stresses the need for a universal influenza vaccine. METHODS BALB/c mice were vaccinated with the trivalent live attenuated (LAIV; FluMist) or inactivated (TIV; FluZone) influenza vaccines and challenged with PR8 (H1N1), FM/47 (H1N1), or HK/68 (H3N2) influenza virus. Cytokines and antibody responses were tested by ELISA. Furthermore, different LAIV dosages were applied in BALB/c mice. LAIV vaccinated mice were also depleted of T-cells and challenged with PR8 virus. RESULTS LAIV induced significant protection against challenge with the non-vaccine strain PR8 influenza virus. Furthermore, protective immunity against PR8 was dose-dependent. Of note, interleukin 2 and interferon gamma cytokine secretion in the lung alveolar fluid were significantly elevated in mice vaccinated with LAIV. Moreover, T-cell depletion of LAIV vaccinated mice compromised protection, indicating that T-cell-mediated immunity is required. In contrast, passive transfer of sera from mice vaccinated with LAIV into naïve mice failed to protect against PR8 challenge. Neutralization assays in vitro confirmed that LAIV did not induce cross-strain neutralizing antibodies against PR8 virus. Finally, we showed that three doses of LAIV also provided protection against challenge with two additional heterologous viruses, FM/47 and HK/68. CONCLUSIONS These results support the potential use of the LAIV as a universal influenza vaccine under a prime-boost vaccination regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Maria T Arévalo
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Yanping Chen
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shan Chen
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Mingtao Zeng
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
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22
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Ondondo BO. The influence of delivery vectors on HIV vaccine efficacy. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:439. [PMID: 25202303 PMCID: PMC4141443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine remains a big challenge, largely due to the enormous HIV diversity which propels immune escape. Thus novel vaccine strategies are targeting multiple variants of conserved antibody and T cell epitopic regions which would incur a huge fitness cost to the virus in the event of mutational escape. Besides immunogen design, the delivery modality is critical for vaccine potency and efficacy, and should be carefully selected in order to not only maximize transgene expression, but to also enhance the immuno-stimulatory potential to activate innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, five HIV vaccine candidates have been evaluated for efficacy and protection from acquisition was only achieved in a small proportion of vaccinees in the RV144 study which used a canarypox vector for delivery. Conversely, in the STEP study (HVTN 502) where human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) was used, strong immune responses were induced but vaccination was more associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition than protection in vaccinees with pre-existing Ad5 immunity. The possibility that pre-existing immunity to a highly promising delivery vector may alter the natural course of HIV to increase acquisition risk is quite worrisome and a huge setback for HIV vaccine development. Thus, HIV vaccine development efforts are now geared toward delivery platforms which attain superior immunogenicity while concurrently limiting potential catastrophic effects likely to arise from pre-existing immunity or vector-related immuno-modulation. However, it still remains unclear whether it is poor immunogenicity of HIV antigens or substandard immunological potency of the safer delivery vectors that has limited the success of HIV vaccines. This article discusses some of the promising delivery vectors to be harnessed for improved HIV vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice O Ondondo
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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23
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Barbosa RPA, Salgado APC, Garcia CC, Filho BG, Gonçalves APDF, Lima BHF, Lopes GAO, Rachid MA, Peixoto ACC, de Oliveira DB, Ataíde MA, Zirke CA, Cotrim TM, Costa ÉA, Almeida GMDF, Russo RC, Gazzinelli RT, Machado ADMV. Protective immunity and safety of a genetically modified influenza virus vaccine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98685. [PMID: 24927156 PMCID: PMC4057169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant influenza viruses are promising viral platforms to be used as antigen delivery vectors. To this aim, one of the most promising approaches consists of generating recombinant viruses harboring partially truncated neuraminidase (NA) segments. To date, all studies have pointed to safety and usefulness of this viral platform. However, some aspects of the inflammatory and immune responses triggered by those recombinant viruses and their safety to immunocompromised hosts remained to be elucidated. In the present study, we generated a recombinant influenza virus harboring a truncated NA segment (vNA-Δ) and evaluated the innate and inflammatory responses and the safety of this recombinant virus in wild type or knock-out (KO) mice with impaired innate (Myd88 -/-) or acquired (RAG -/-) immune responses. Infection using truncated neuraminidase influenza virus was harmless regarding lung and systemic inflammatory response in wild type mice and was highly attenuated in KO mice. We also demonstrated that vNA-Δ infection does not induce unbalanced cytokine production that strongly contributes to lung damage in infected mice. In addition, the recombinant influenza virus was able to trigger both local and systemic virus-specific humoral and CD8+ T cellular immune responses which protected immunized mice against the challenge with a lethal dose of homologous A/PR8/34 influenza virus. Taken together, our findings suggest and reinforce the safety of using NA deleted influenza viruses as antigen delivery vectors against human or veterinary pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Polidoro Alves Barbosa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Carneiro Salgado
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Cristiana Couto Garcia
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Bruno Galvão Filho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Braulio Henrique Freire Lima
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Augusto Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Andiara Cristina Cardoso Peixoto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marco Antônio Ataíde
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Carla Aparecida Zirke
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Tatiane Marques Cotrim
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Érica Azevedo Costa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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24
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Chanzu N, Ondondo B. Induction of Potent and Long-Lived Antibody and Cellular Immune Responses in the Genitorectal Mucosa Could be the Critical Determinant of HIV Vaccine Efficacy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:202. [PMID: 24847327 PMCID: PMC4021115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of HIV prevention has indeed progressed in leaps and bounds, but with major limitations of the current prevention and treatment options, the world remains desperate for an HIV vaccine. Sadly, this continues to be elusive, because more than 30 years since its discovery there is no licensed HIV vaccine. Research aiming to define immunological biomarkers to accurately predict vaccine efficacy have focused mainly on systemic immune responses, and as such, studies defining correlates of protection in the genitorectal mucosa, the primary target site for HIV entry and seeding are sparse. Clearly, difficulties in sampling and analysis of mucosal specimens, as well as their limited size have been a major deterrent in characterizing the type (mucosal antibodies, cytokines, chemokines, or CTL), threshold (magnitude, depth, and breadth) and viral inhibitory capacity of HIV-1-specific immune responses in the genitorectal mucosa, where they are needed to immediately block HIV acquisition and arrest subsequent virus dissemination. Nevertheless, a few studies document the existence of HIV-specific immune responses in the genitorectal mucosa of HIV-infected aviremic and viremic controllers, as well as in highly exposed persistently seronegative (HEPS) individuals with natural resistance to HIV-1. Some of these responses strongly correlate with protection from HIV acquisition and/or disease progression, thus providing significant clues of the ideal components of an efficacious HIV vaccine. In this study, we provide an overview of the key features of protective immune responses found in HEPS, elite and viremic controllers, and discuss how these can be achieved through mucosal immunization. Inevitably, HIV vaccine development research will have to consider strategies that elicit potent antibody and cellular immune responses within the genitorectal mucosa or induction of systemic immune cells with an inherent potential to home and persist at mucosal sites of HIV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Chanzu
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Beatrice Ondondo
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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25
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Li J, Arévalo MT, Chen Y, Posadas O, Smith JA, Zeng M. Intranasal immunization with influenza antigens conjugated with cholera toxin subunit B stimulates broad spectrum immunity against influenza viruses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:1211-20. [PMID: 24632749 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent mutation of influenza viruses keep vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations vulnerable to new infections, causing serious burdens to public health and the economy. Vaccination with universal influenza vaccines would be the best way to effectively protect people from infection caused by mismatched or unforeseen influenza viruses. Presently, there is no FDA approved universal influenza vaccine. In this study, we expressed and purified a fusion protein comprising of influenza matrix 2 protein ectodomain peptides, a centralized influenza hemagglutinin stem region, and cholera toxin subunit B. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with this novel artificial antigen resulted in potent humoral immune responses, including induction of specific IgA and IgG, and broad protection against infection by multiple influenza viruses. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that when used as a mucosal antigen, cholera toxin subunit B improved antigen-stimulated T cell and memory B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases; Paul L. Foster School of Medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Maria T Arévalo
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases; Paul L. Foster School of Medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Yanping Chen
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases; Paul L. Foster School of Medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Olivia Posadas
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases; Paul L. Foster School of Medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Jacob A Smith
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases; Paul L. Foster School of Medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; El Paso, TX USA
| | - Mingtao Zeng
- Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases; Paul L. Foster School of Medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; El Paso, TX USA
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