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The explorations of dynamic interactions of paxillin at the focal adhesions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140825. [PMID: 35926716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paxillin is one of the most important adapters in integrin-mediated adhesions that performs numerous crucial functions relying on its dynamic interactions. Its structural behavior serves different purposes, providing a base for several activities. The various domains of paxillin display different functions in the whole process of cell movements and have a significant role in cell adhesion, migration, signal transmission, and protein-protein interactions. On the other hand, some paxillin-associated proteins provide a unique spatiotemporal mechanism for regulating its dynamic characteristics in the tissue homeostasis and make it a more complex and decisive protein at the focal adhesions. This review briefly describes the structural adaptations and molecular mechanisms of recruitment of paxillin into adhesions, explains paxillin's binding dynamics and impact on adhesion stability and turnover, and reveals a variety of paxillin-associated regulatory mechanisms and how paxillin is embedded into the signaling networks.
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2
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Yoon HY, Maron BY, Girald-Berlingeri S, Gasilina A, Gollin JC, Jian X, Akpan I, Yohe ME, Randazzo PA, Chen PW. ERK phosphorylation is dependent on cell adhesion in a subset of pediatric sarcoma cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119264. [PMID: 35381293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) and Pax-Foxo1 fusion negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS) are pediatric sarcomas with poor prognoses in patients with advanced disease. In both malignancies, an actin binding protein has been linked to poor prognosis. Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are closely coupled to actin networks and IAC-mediated signaling has been implicated in the progression of carcinomas. However, the relationship of IACs and actin cytoskeleton remodeling with cell signaling is understudied in pediatric sarcomas. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IAC dynamics affect ERK activation in OS and FN-RMS cell lines. Adhesion dependence of ERK activation differed among the OS and FN-RMS cells examined. In the OS cell lines, adhesion did not have a consistent effect on phospho-ERK (pERK). ERK phosphorylation in response to fetal calf serum or 1 ng/ml EGF was nearly as efficient in OS cell lines and one FN-RMS cell line in suspension as cells adherent to poly-l-lysine (PL) or fibronectin (FN). By contrast, adhesion to plastic, PL or FN increased ERK phosphorylation and was greater than additive with a 15 min exposure to 1 ng/ml EGF in three FN-RMS cell lines. Increases in pERK were partly dependent on FAK and PAK1/2 but independent of IAC maturation. As far as we are aware, this examination of adhesion-dependent signaling is the first in pediatric sarcomas and has led to the discovery of differences from the prevailing paradigms and differences in the degree of coupling between components in the signaling pathways among the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Yoon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ben Y Maron
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Sofia Girald-Berlingeri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Anjelika Gasilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Josephine C Gollin
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Itoro Akpan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Marielle E Yohe
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
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3
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Cerqueira A, García-Arnáez I, Romero-Gavilán F, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Martín de Llanos JJ, Carda C, Gurruchaga M, Goñi I, Suay J. Complex effects of Mg-biomaterials on the osteoblast cell machinery: A proteomic study. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212826. [PMID: 35929259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell-biomaterial interface is highly complex; thousands of molecules and many processes participate in its formation. Growing demand for improved biomaterials has highlighted the need to understand the structure and functions of this interface. Proteomic methods offer a viable alternative to the traditional in vitro techniques for analyzing such systems. Magnesium is a promoter of cell adhesion and osteogenesis. Here, we used the LC-MS/MS to compare the protein expression profiles of human osteoblasts (HOb) exposed to sol-gel coatings without (MT) and with Mg (MT1.5Mg) for 1, 3, and 7 days. PANTHER, DAVID, and IPA databases were employed for protein identification and data analysis. Confocal microscopy and gene expression analysis were used for further characterization. Exposure to MT1.5Mg increased the HOb cell area and the expression of SP7, RUNX2, IBP3, COL3A1, MXRA8, and FBN1 genes. Proteomic analysis showed that MT1.5Mg affected the early osteoblast maturation (PI3/AKT, mTOR, ERK/MAPK), insulin metabolism, cell adhesion (integrin, FAK, actin cytoskeleton regulation) and oxidative stress pathways. Thus, the effects of Mg on cell adhesion and osteogenesis are rather complex, affecting several pathways rather than single processes. Our analysis also confirms the potential of proteomics in biomaterial characterization, showing a good correlation with in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Cerqueira
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Iñaki García-Arnáez
- Department of Science and Technology of Polymers, University of the Basque Country, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francisco Romero-Gavilán
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - José Javier Martín de Llanos
- Department of Pathology Medicine and Odontology, Medicine Faculty, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Research Institute of the University Clinical Hospital of Valencia (INCLIVA), C. de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Carda
- Department of Pathology Medicine and Odontology, Medicine Faculty, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Research Institute of the University Clinical Hospital of Valencia (INCLIVA), C. de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariló Gurruchaga
- Department of Science and Technology of Polymers, University of the Basque Country, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Department of Science and Technology of Polymers, University of the Basque Country, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Julio Suay
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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4
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Exogenous extracellular matrix proteins decrease cardiac fibroblast activation in stiffening microenvironment through CAPG. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 159:105-119. [PMID: 34118218 PMCID: PMC10066715 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Controlling fibrosis is an essential part of regenerating the post-ischemic heart. In the post-ischemic heart, fibroblasts differentiate to myofibroblasts that produce collagen-rich matrix to physically stabilize the infarct area. Infarct models in adult mice result in permanent scarring unlike newborn animals which fully regenerate. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels derived from early-aged hearts have been shown to be a transplantable therapy that preserves heart function and stimulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and vascularization. In this study, we investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of injectable dECM hydrogels in a cardiac explant model in the context of age-associated tissue compliance. Treatments with adult and fetal dECM hydrogels were tested for molecular effects on cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Altered sensitivity of fibroblasts to the mechanosignaling of the remodeling microenvironment was evaluated by manipulating the native extracellular matrix in explants and also with elastomeric substrates in the presence of dECM hydrogels. The injectable fetal dECM hydrogel treatment decreases fibroblast activation and contractility and lowers the stiffness-mediated increases in fibroblast activation observed in stiffened explants. The anti-fibrotic effect of dECM hydrogel is most observable at highest stiffness. Experiments with primary cells on elastomeric substrates with dECM treatment support this phenomenon. Transcriptome analysis indicated that dECM hydrogels affect cytoskeleton related signaling including Macrophage capping protein (CAPG) and Leupaxin (LPXN). CAPG was down-regulated by the fetal dECM hydrogel. LPXN expression was decreased by stiffening the explants; however, this effect was reversed by dECM hydrogel treatment. Pharmacological disruption of cytoskeleton polymerization lowered fibroblast activation and CAPG levels. Knocking down CAPG expression with siRNA inhibited fibroblast activation and collagen deposition. Collectively, fibroblast activation is dependent on cooperative action of extracellular molecular signals and mechanosignaling by cytoskeletal integrity.
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Bonaud A, Clare S, Bisio V, Sowerby JM, Yao S, Ostergaard H, Balabanian K, Smith KGC, Espéli M. Leupaxin Expression Is Dispensable for B Cell Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:466. [PMID: 32269569 PMCID: PMC7109257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of a potent humoral immune response by B cells relies on the integration of signals induced by the B cell receptor, toll-like receptors and both negative and positive co-receptors. Several reports also suggest that integrin signaling plays an important role in this process. How integrin signaling is regulated in B cells is however still partially understood. Integrin activity and function are controlled by several mechanisms including regulation by molecular adaptors of the paxillin family. In B cells, Leupaxin (Lpxn) is the most expressed member of the family and in vitro studies suggest that it could dampen BCR signaling. Here, we report that Lpxn expression is increased in germinal center B cells compared to naïve B cells. Moreover, Lpxn deficiency leads to decreased B cell differentiation into plasma cells in vitro. However, Lpxn seems dispensable for the generation of a potent B cell immune response in vivo. Altogether our results suggest that Lpxn is dispensable for T-dependent and T-independent B cell immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonaud
- Inflammation Chemokines and Immunopathology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, France
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Genome, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Bisio
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, France
| | - John M. Sowerby
- The Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge Biomedical, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shugang Yao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hanne Ostergaard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Inflammation Chemokines and Immunopathology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth G. C. Smith
- The Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge Biomedical, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Espéli
- Inflammation Chemokines and Immunopathology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, France
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6
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Smirlis D, Dingli F, Pescher P, Prina E, Loew D, Rachidi N, Späth GF. SILAC-based quantitative proteomics reveals pleiotropic, phenotypic modulation in primary murine macrophages infected with the protozoan pathogen Leishmania donovani. J Proteomics 2019; 213:103617. [PMID: 31846769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are major vector-borne tropical diseases responsible for great human morbidity and mortality, caused by protozoan, trypanosomatid parasites of the genus Leishmania. In the mammalian host, parasites survive and multiply within mononuclear phagocytes, especially macrophages. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Leishmania spp. affect their host are not fully understood. Herein, proteomic alterations of primary, bone marrow-derived BALB/c macrophages are documented after 72 h of infection with Leishmania donovani insect-stage promastigotes, applying a SILAC-based, quantitative proteomics approach. The protocol was optimised by combining strong anion exchange and gel electrophoresis fractionation that displayed similar depth of analysis (combined total of 6189 mouse proteins). Our analyses revealed 86 differentially modulated proteins (35 showing increased and 51 decreased abundance) in response to Leishmania donovani infection. The proteomics results were validated by analysing the abundance of selected proteins. Intracellular Leishmania donovani infection led to changes in various host cell biological processes, including primary metabolism and catabolic process, with a significant enrichment in lysosomal organisation. Overall, our analysis establishes the first proteome of bona fide primary macrophages infected ex vivo with Leishmania donovani, revealing new mechanisms acting at the host/pathogen interface. SIGNIFICANCE: Little is known on proteome changes that occur in primary macrophages after Leishmania donovani infection. This study describes a SILAC-based quantitative proteomics approach to characterise changes of bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with L. donovani promastigotes for 72 h. With the application of SILAC and the use of SAX and GEL fractionation methods, we have tested new routes for proteome quantification of primary macrophages. The protocols developed here can be applicable to other diseases and pathologies. Moreover, this study sheds important new light on the "proteomic reprogramming" of infected macrophages in response to L. donovani promastigotes that affects primary metabolism, cellular catabolic processes, and lysosomal/vacuole organisation. Thus, our study reveals key molecules and processes that act at the host/pathogen interface that may inform on new immuno- or chemotherapeutic interventions to combat leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Smirlis
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France; Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Athens, Greece.
| | - Florent Dingli
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université de recherche PSL, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Pescher
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Eric Prina
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université de recherche PSL, Paris, France
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Gerald F Späth
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France.
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Klapproth S, Bromberger T, Türk C, Krüger M, Moser M. A kindlin-3-leupaxin-paxillin signaling pathway regulates podosome stability. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3436-3454. [PMID: 31537712 PMCID: PMC6781449 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlin-3 regulates podosome stability by recruiting leupaxin to podosomes, which in turn controls PTP-PEST activity and paxillin phosphorylation. Kindlin-3 deficiency allows formation of initial adhesion patches containing talin, vinculin, and paxillin, whereas paxillin family proteins are dispensable for podosome formation. Binding of kindlins to integrins is required for integrin activation, stable ligand binding, and subsequent intracellular signaling. How hematopoietic kindlin-3 contributes to the assembly and stability of the adhesion complex is not known. Here we report that kindlin-3 recruits leupaxin into podosomes and thereby regulates paxillin phosphorylation and podosome turnover. We demonstrate that the activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST, which controls paxillin phosphorylation, requires leupaxin. In contrast, despite sharing the same binding mode with leupaxin, paxillin recruitment into podosomes is kindlin-3 independent. Instead, we found paxillin together with talin and vinculin in initial adhesion patches of kindlin-3–null cells. Surprisingly, despite its presence in these early adhesion patches, podosomes can form in the absence of paxillin or any paxillin member. In conclusion, our findings show that kindlin-3 not only activates and clusters integrins into podosomes but also regulates their lifetime by recruiting leupaxin, which controls PTP-PEST activity and thereby paxillin phosphorylation and downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Klapproth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Bromberger
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Clara Türk
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany .,Institute of Experimental Hematology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
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8
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Peng H, Zeng X, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Nussinov R, Cheng F. A component overlapping attribute clustering (COAC) algorithm for single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis and potential pathobiological implications. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006772. [PMID: 30779739 PMCID: PMC6396937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and computational technologies have enabled routine analysis of large-scale single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. However, scRNA-seq technologies have suffered from several technical challenges, including low mean expression levels in most genes and higher frequencies of missing data than bulk population sequencing technologies. Identifying functional gene sets and their regulatory networks that link specific cell types to human diseases and therapeutics from scRNA-seq profiles are daunting tasks. In this study, we developed a Component Overlapping Attribute Clustering (COAC) algorithm to perform the localized (cell subpopulation) gene co-expression network analysis from large-scale scRNA-seq profiles. Gene subnetworks that represent specific gene co-expression patterns are inferred from the components of a decomposed matrix of scRNA-seq profiles. We showed that single-cell gene subnetworks identified by COAC from multiple time points within cell phases can be used for cell type identification with high accuracy (83%). In addition, COAC-inferred subnetworks from melanoma patients' scRNA-seq profiles are highly correlated with survival rate from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Moreover, the localized gene subnetworks identified by COAC from individual patients' scRNA-seq data can be used as pharmacogenomics biomarkers to predict drug responses (The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranges from 0.728 to 0.783) in cancer cell lines from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. In summary, COAC offers a powerful tool to identify potential network-based diagnostic and pharmacogenomics biomarkers from large-scale scRNA-seq profiles. COAC is freely available at https://github.com/ChengF-Lab/COAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Peng
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zeng
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - Defu Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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9
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Zhu GH, Dai HP, Shen Q, Zhang Q. Downregulation of LPXN expression by siRNA decreases the malignant proliferation and transmembrane invasion of SHI-1 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:135-140. [PMID: 30655748 PMCID: PMC6313184 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of decreasing leupaxin (LPXN) expression on the proliferation and invasion of human acute monocytic leukemia SHI-1 cells. The transfection efficiency of fluorescein amidite (FAM)-small interfering RNA (siRNA) was determined using flow cytometry, and the protein expression levels of LPXN, phosphorylated (p)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and p-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were detected by western blot analysis. Proliferation was determined using the cell counting kit-8 reagent and cellular transmembrane invasion ability was determined using a Transwell chamber system. The gelatinase levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the cell culture supernatant were also analyzed by gelatin zymography. In SHI-1 cells, the optimal transfection conditions of siRNA were a cell density of 4×105 cells/ml and a ratio of siRNA/Lipofectamine® 2000 of 200 pmol/1 µl. The highest transfection efficiency of FAM-siRNA was 74.5%. In the present study, L2-siRNA was selected to effectively decrease the expression of LPXN. Following downregulation of LPXN expression by L2-siRNA, proliferation inhibition rates increased to 27.043±2.051 and cell transmembrane invasion rates decreased to 25.270±2.145 (P<0.05). The results of the western blot analysis and the gelatin zymography indicated that downregulation of LPXN expression increased the expression of p-p38 MAPK and p-JNK, and attenuated the secretion levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. However, downregulation of LPXN expression had no effect on p-ERK expression in SHI-1 cells. The results of the present study indicated that downregulation of LPXN expression decreased the malignant proliferation and transmembrane invasion of SHI-1 cells by activating JNK and p38 MAPK, and inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Zhu
- First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ping Dai
- Leukemia Research Unit, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Qun Shen
- First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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10
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Oh RS, Haak AJ, Smith KMJ, Ligresti G, Choi KM, Xie T, Wang S, Walters PR, Thompson MA, Freeman MR, Manlove LJ, Chu VM, Feghali-Bostwick C, Roden AC, Schymeinsky J, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, Vassallo R, Tschumperlin DJ. RNAi screening identifies a mechanosensitive ROCK-JAK2-STAT3 network central to myofibroblast activation. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.209932. [PMID: 29678906 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.209932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts play key roles in wound healing and pathological fibrosis. Here, we used an RNAi screen to characterize myofibroblast regulatory genes, using a high-content imaging approach to quantify α-smooth muscle actin stress fibers in cultured human fibroblasts. Screen hits were validated on physiological compliance hydrogels, and selected hits tested in primary fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Our RNAi screen led to the identification of STAT3 as an essential mediator of myofibroblast activation and function. Strikingly, we found that STAT3 phosphorylation, while responsive to exogenous ligands on both soft and stiff matrices, is innately active on a stiff matrix in a ligand/receptor-independent, but ROCK- and JAK2-dependent fashion. These results demonstrate how a cytokine-inducible signal can become persistently activated by pathological matrix stiffening. Consistent with a pivotal role for this pathway in driving persistent fibrosis, a STAT3 inhibitor attenuated murine pulmonary fibrosis when administered in a therapeutic fashion after bleomycin injury. Our results identify novel genes essential for the myofibroblast phenotype, and point to STAT3 as an important target in pulmonary fibrosis and other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S Oh
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Karry M J Smith
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kyoung Moo Choi
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tiao Xie
- Image and Data Analysis Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paula R Walters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michelle R Freeman
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Logan J Manlove
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vivian M Chu
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Anja C Roden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jürgen Schymeinsky
- Department of Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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11
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López-Colomé AM, Lee-Rivera I, Benavides-Hidalgo R, López E. Paxillin: a crossroad in pathological cell migration. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:50. [PMID: 28214467 PMCID: PMC5316197 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paxilllin is a multifunctional and multidomain focal adhesion adapter protein which serves an important scaffolding role at focal adhesions by recruiting structural and signaling molecules involved in cell movement and migration, when phosphorylated on specific Tyr and Ser residues. Upon integrin engagement with extracellular matrix, paxillin is phosphorylated at Tyr31, Tyr118, Ser188, and Ser190, activating numerous signaling cascades which promote cell migration, indicating that the regulation of adhesion dynamics is under the control of a complex display of signaling mechanisms. Among them, paxillin disassembly from focal adhesions induced by extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of serines 106, 231, and 290 as well as the binding of the phosphatase PEST to paxillin have been shown to play a key role in cell migration. Paxillin also coordinates the spatiotemporal activation of signaling molecules, including Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA GTPases, by recruiting GEFs, GAPs, and GITs to focal adhesions. As a major participant in the regulation of cell movement, paxillin plays distinct roles in specific tissues and developmental stages and is involved in immune response, epithelial morphogenesis, and embryonic development. Importantly, paxillin is also an essential player in pathological conditions including oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial cell barrier dysfunction, and cancer development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María López-Colomé
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Irene Lee-Rivera
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico
| | - Regina Benavides-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico
| | - Edith López
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-253, Ciudad Universitaria, México, 04510, D.F., Mexico
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12
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Jacob AE, Turner CE, Amack JD. Evolution and Expression of Paxillin Genes in Teleost Fish. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165266. [PMID: 27806088 PMCID: PMC5091871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Paxillin family proteins regulate intracellular signaling downstream of extracellular matrix adhesion. Tissue expression patterns and cellular functions of Paxillin proteins during embryo development remain poorly understood. Additionally, the evolution of this gene family has not been thoroughly investigated. Results This report characterizes the evolution and expression of a novel Paxillin gene, called Paxillin-b, in Teleosts. Alignments indicate that Teleost Paxillin-a and Paxillin-b proteins are highly homologous to each other and to human Paxillin. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses suggest that these genes originated from the duplication of an ancestral Paxillin gene that was in a common ancestor of Teleosts and Tetrapods. Analysis of the spatiotemporal expression profiles of Paxillin-a and Paxillin-b using zebrafish revealed both overlapping and distinct domains for Paxillin-a and Paxillin-b during embryo development. Localization of zebrafish Paxillin orthologs expressed in mammalian cells demonstrated that both proteins localize to focal adhesions, similar to mammalian Paxillin. This suggests these proteins regulate adhesion-dependent processes in their endogenous tissues. Conclusion Paxillin-a and Paxillin-b were generated by duplication in Teleosts. These genes likely play similar roles as Paxillin genes in other organisms. This work provides a framework for functional investigation of Paxillin family members during development using the zebrafish as an in vivo model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Jacob
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CET); (JDA)
| | - Jeffrey D. Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CET); (JDA)
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13
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Chan CK, Pan Y, Nyberg K, Marra MA, Lim EL, Jones SJM, Maar D, Gibb EA, Gunaratne PH, Robertson AG, Rowat AC. Tumour-suppressor microRNAs regulate ovarian cancer cell physical properties and invasive behaviour. Open Biol 2016; 6:160275. [PMID: 27906134 PMCID: PMC5133448 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of pathways that regulate malignant transformation can be influenced by microRNAs (miRs). Recently, we showed that increased expression of five tumour-suppressor miRs, miR-508-3p, miR-508-5p, miR-509-3p, miR-509-5p and miR-130b-3p, correlate with improved clinical outcomes in human ovarian cancer patients, and that miR-509-3p attenuates invasion of ovarian cancer cell lines. Here, we investigate the mechanism underlying this reduced invasive potential by assessing the impact of these five miRs on the physical properties of cells. Human ovarian cancer cells (HEYA8, OVCAR8) that are transfected with miR mimics representing these five miRs exhibit decreased invasion through collagen matrices, increased cell size and reduced deformability as measured by microfiltration and microfluidic assays. To understand the molecular basis of altered invasion and deformability induced by these miRs, we use predicted and validated mRNA targets that encode structural and signalling proteins that regulate cell mechanical properties. Combined with analysis of gene transcripts by real-time PCR and image analysis of F-actin in single cells, our results suggest that these tumour-suppressor miRs may alter cell physical properties by regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Our findings provide biophysical insights into how tumour-suppressor miRs can regulate the invasive behaviour of ovarian cancer cells, and identify potential therapeutic targets that may be implicated in ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara K Chan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yinghong Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kendra Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marco A Marra
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emilia L Lim
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dianna Maar
- Bio-Rad Laboratories, The Digital Biology Center, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Schizophrenia interactome with 504 novel protein-protein interactions. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2016; 2:16012. [PMID: 27336055 PMCID: PMC4898894 DOI: 10.1038/npjschz.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia (GWAS) have revealed the role of rare and common genetic variants, but the functional effects of the risk variants remain to be understood. Protein interactome-based studies can facilitate the study of molecular mechanisms by which the risk genes relate to schizophrenia (SZ) genesis, but protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are unknown for many of the liability genes. We developed a computational model to discover PPIs, which is found to be highly accurate according to computational evaluations and experimental validations of selected PPIs. We present here, 365 novel PPIs of liability genes identified by the SZ Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). Seventeen genes that had no previously known interactions have 57 novel interactions by our method. Among the new interactors are 19 drug targets that are targeted by 130 drugs. In addition, we computed 147 novel PPIs of 25 candidate genes investigated in the pre-GWAS era. While there is little overlap between the GWAS genes and the pre-GWAS genes, the interactomes reveal that they largely belong to the same pathways, thus reconciling the apparent disparities between the GWAS and prior gene association studies. The interactome including 504 novel PPIs overall, could motivate other systems biology studies and trials with repurposed drugs. The PPIs are made available on a webserver, called Schizo-Pi at http://severus.dbmi.pitt.edu/schizo-pi with advanced search capabilities.
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15
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Dierks S, von Hardenberg S, Schmidt T, Bremmer F, Burfeind P, Kaulfuß S. Leupaxin stimulates adhesion and migration of prostate cancer cells through modulation of the phosphorylation status of the actin-binding protein caldesmon. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13591-606. [PMID: 26079947 PMCID: PMC4537036 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion protein leupaxin (LPXN) is overexpressed in a subset of prostate cancers (PCa) and is involved in the progression of PCa. In the present study, we analyzed the LPXN-mediated adhesive and cytoskeletal changes during PCa progression. We identified an interaction between the actin-binding protein caldesmon (CaD) and LPXN and this interaction is increased during PCa cell migration. Furthermore, knockdown of LPXN did not affect CaD expression but reduced CaD phosphorylation. This is known to destabilize the affinity of CaD to F-actin, leading to dynamic cell structures that enable cell motility. Thus, downregulation of CaD increased migration and invasion of PCa cells. To identify the kinase responsible for the LPXN-mediated phosphorylation of CaD, we used data from an antibody array, which showed decreased expression of TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) after LPXN knockdown in PC-3 PCa cells. Subsequent analyses of the downstream kinases revealed the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as an interaction partner of LPXN that facilitates CaD phosphorylation during LPXN-mediated PCa cell migration. In conclusion, we demonstrate that LPXN directly influences cytoskeletal dynamics via interaction with the actin-binding protein CaD and regulates CaD phosphorylation by recruiting ERK to highly dynamic structures within PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Dierks
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra von Hardenberg
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.,Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Anatomy, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Burfeind
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Abe A, Yamamoto Y, Iba S, Kanie T, Okamoto A, Tokuda M, Inaguma Y, Yanada M, Morishima S, Mizuta S, Akatsuka Y, Okamoto M, Kameyama T, Mayeda A, Emi N. ETV6-LPXN fusion transcript generated by t(11;12)(q12.1;p13) in a patient with relapsing acute myeloid leukemia with NUP98-HOXA9. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:242-50. [PMID: 26542893 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ETV6, which encodes an ETS family transcription factor, is frequently rearranged in human leukemias. We show here that a patient with acute myeloid leukemia with t(7;11)(p15;p15) gained, at the time of relapse, t(11;12)(q12.1;p13) with a split ETV6 FISH signal. Using 3'-RACE PCR analysis, we found that ETV6 was fused to LPXN at 11q12.1, which encodes leupaxin. ETV6-LPXN, an in-frame fusion between exon 4 of ETV6 and exon 2 of LPXN, did not transform the interleukin-3-dependent 32D myeloid cell line to cytokine independence; however, an enhanced proliferative response was observed when these cells were treated with G-CSF without inhibition of granulocytic differentiation. The 32D and human leukemia cell lines each transduced with ETV6-LPXN showed enhanced migration towards the chemokine CXCL12. We show here for the first time that LPXN is a fusion partner of ETV6 and present evidence indicating that ETV6-LPXN plays a crucial role in leukemia progression through enhancing the response to G-CSF and CXCL12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiya Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iba
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadaharu Kanie
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akinao Okamoto
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masutaka Tokuda
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoko Inaguma
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yanada
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Mizuta
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Akatsuka
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masataka Okamoto
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kameyama
- Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akila Mayeda
- Division of Gene Expression Mechanism, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Emi
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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17
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Vanarotti MS, Finkelstein DB, Guibao CD, Nourse A, Miller DJ, Zheng JJ. Structural Basis for the Interaction between Pyk2-FAT Domain and Leupaxin LD Repeats. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1332-45. [PMID: 26866573 PMCID: PMC4843776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Proline-rich
tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is a nonreceptor tyrosine
kinase and belongs to the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family. Like
FAK, the C-terminal focal adhesion-targeting (FAT) domain of Pyk2
binds to paxillin, a scaffold protein in focal adhesions; however,
the interaction between the FAT domain of Pyk2 and paxillin is dynamic
and unstable. Leupaxin is another member in the paxillin family and
was suggested to be the native binding partner of Pyk2; Pyk2 gene
expression is strongly correlated with that of leupaxin in many tissues
including primary breast cancer. Here, we report that leupaxin interacts
with Pyk2-FAT. Leupaxin has four leucine–aspartate (LD) motifs.
The first and third LD motifs of leupaxin preferably target the two
LD-binding sites on the Pyk2-FAT domain, respectively. Moreover, the
full-length leupaxin binds to Pyk2-FAT as a stable one-to-one complex.
Together, we propose that there is an underlying selectivity between
leupaxin and paxillin for Pyk2, which may influence the differing
behavior of the two proteins at focal adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie J Zheng
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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18
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Chen PW, Jian X, Heissler SM, Le K, Luo R, Jenkins LM, Nagy A, Moss J, Sellers JR, Randazzo PA. The Arf GTPase-activating Protein, ASAP1, Binds Nonmuscle Myosin 2A to Control Remodeling of the Actomyosin Network. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7517-26. [PMID: 26893376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.701292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ASAP1 regulates F-actin-based structures and functions, including focal adhesions (FAs) and circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), cell spreading and migration. ASAP1 function requires its N-terminal BAR domain. We discovered that nonmuscle myosin 2A (NM2A) directly bound the BAR-PH tandem of ASAP1in vitro ASAP1 and NM2A co-immunoprecipitated and colocalized in cells. Knockdown of ASAP1 reduced colocalization of NM2A and F-actin in cells. Knockdown of ASAP1 or NM2A recapitulated each other's effects on FAs, cell migration, cell spreading, and CDRs. The NM2A-interacting BAR domain contributed to ASAP1 control of cell spreading and CDRs. Exogenous expression of NM2A rescued the effect of ASAP1 knockdown on CDRs but ASAP1 did not rescue NM2A knockdown defect in CDRs. Our results support the hypothesis that ASAP1 is a positive regulator of NM2A. Given other binding partners of ASAP1, ASAP1 may directly link signaling and the mechanical machinery of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Chen
- From the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- From the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Kang Le
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ruibai Luo
- From the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and
| | | | | | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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19
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Wang CH, Gao XJ, Liao SY, Feng JX, Luo B, Liu LX. Transcriptome analysis of human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 by RNA-Seq. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Chen PW, Luo R, Jian X, Randazzo PA. The Arf6 GTPase-activating proteins ARAP2 and ACAP1 define distinct endosomal compartments that regulate integrin α5β1 traffic. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30237-30248. [PMID: 25225293 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.596155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arf6 and the Arf6 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) ACAP1 are established regulators of integrin traffic important to cell adhesion and migration. However, the function of Arf6 with ACAP1 cannot explain the range of Arf6 effects on integrin-based structures. We propose that Arf6 has different functions determined, in part, by the associated Arf GAP. We tested this idea by comparing the Arf6 GAPs ARAP2 and ACAP1. We found that ARAP2 and ACAP1 had opposing effects on apparent integrin β1 internalization. ARAP2 knockdown slowed, whereas ACAP1 knockdown accelerated, integrin β1 internalization. Integrin β1 association with adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, and leucine zipper motif (APPL)-positive endosomes and EEA1-positive endosomes was affected by ARAP2 knockdown and depended on ARAP2 GAP activity. ARAP2 formed a complex with APPL1 and colocalized with Arf6 and APPL in a compartment distinct from the Arf6/ACAP1 tubular recycling endosome. In addition, although ACAP1 and ARAP2 each colocalized with Arf6, they did not colocalize with each other and had opposing effects on focal adhesions (FAs). ARAP2 overexpression promoted large FAs, but ACAP1 overexpression reduced FAs. Taken together, the data support a model in which Arf6 has at least two sites of opposing action defined by distinct Arf6 GAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ruibai Luo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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21
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Naydenov NG, Feygin A, Wang L, Ivanov AI. N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein α (αSNAP) regulates matrix adhesion and integrin processing in human epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2424-39. [PMID: 24311785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.498691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-based adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays critical roles in controlling differentiation, survival, and motility of epithelial cells. Cells attach to the ECM via dynamic structures called focal adhesions (FA). FA undergo constant remodeling mediated by vesicle trafficking and fusion. A soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein α (αSNAP) is an essential mediator of membrane fusion; however, its roles in regulating ECM adhesion and cell motility remain unexplored. In this study, we found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of αSNAP induced detachment of intestinal epithelial cells, whereas overexpression of αSNAP increased ECM adhesion and inhibited cell invasion. Loss of αSNAP impaired Golgi-dependent glycosylation and trafficking of β1 integrin and decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin resulting in FA disassembly. These effects of αSNAP depletion on ECM adhesion were independent of apoptosis and NSF. In agreement with our previous reports that Golgi fragmentation mediates cellular effects of αSNAP knockdown, we found that either pharmacologic or genetic disruption of the Golgi recapitulated all the effects of αSNAP depletion on ECM adhesion. Furthermore, our data implicates β1 integrin, FAK, and paxillin in mediating the observed pro-adhesive effects of αSNAP. These results reveal novel roles for αSNAP in regulating ECM adhesion and motility of epithelial cells.
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22
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Chen PW, Jian X, Yoon HY, Randazzo PA. ARAP2 signals through Arf6 and Rac1 to control focal adhesion morphology. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:5849-60. [PMID: 23295182 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.415778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are dynamic structures that connect the actin cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix. At least six ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), including ARAP2 (an Arf6 GAP), are implicated in regulation of FAs but the mechanisms for most are not well defined. Although Rac1 has been reported to function downstream of Arf6 to control membrane ruffling and cell migration, this pathway has not been directly examined as a regulator of FAs. Here we test the hypothesis that ARAP2 promotes the growth of FAs by converting Arf6·GTP to Arf6·GDP thereby preventing the activation of the Rho family GTP-binding protein Rac1. Reduced expression of ARAP2 decreased the number and size of FAs in cells and increased cellular Arf6·GTP and Rac1·GTP levels. Overexpression of ARAP2 had the opposite effects. The effects of ARAP2 on FAs and Rac1 were dependent on a functional ArfGAP domain. Constitutively active Arf6 affected FAs in the same way as did reduced ARAP2 expression and dominant negative mutants of Arf6 and Rac1 reversed the effect of reduced ARAP2 expression. However, neither dominant negative Arf6 nor Rac1 had the same effect as ARAP2 overexpression. We conclude that changes in Arf6 and Rac1 activities are necessary but not sufficient for ARAP2 to promote the growth of FAs and we speculate that ARAP2 has additional functions that are effector in nature to promote or stabilize FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Veith C, Marsh LM, Wygrecka M, Rutschmann K, Seeger W, Weissmann N, Kwapiszewska G. Paxillin Regulates Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Function in Pulmonary Hypertension. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1621-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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