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Recent Advances and Challenges in Uveal Melanoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133094. [PMID: 35804863 PMCID: PMC9264803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Although it can be controlled locally, half of the patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Existing therapies, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies, induce only minimal responses. This review focuses on newly published research on immunotherapy. We highlight expanding treatments and their clinical outcomes, as well as propose promising new treatments and feasible checkpoints. Based on these findings, we provide innovative insights into feasible strategies for the treatment of patients with uveal melanoma. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM), which mainly harbors BRAF or NRAS mutations, UM predominantly harbors GNAQ or GNA11 mutations. Although primary UM can be controlled locally, approximately 50% of patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Unfortunately, chemotherapy and targeted therapies only induce minimal responses in patients with metastatic UM, with a median survival time of only 4–5 months after metastasis detection. Immunotherapy agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have achieved pioneering outcomes in CM but have shown limited effects in UM. Researchers have explored several feasible checkpoints to identify options for future therapies. Cancer vaccines have shown little in the way of therapeutic benefit in patients with UM, and there are few ongoing trials providing favorable evidence, but adoptive cell transfer-related therapies seem promising and deserve further investigation. More recently, the immune-mobilizing monoclonal T-cell receptor against the cancer molecule tebentafusp showed impressive antitumor effects. Meanwhile, oncolytic viruses and small molecule inhibitors have also gained ground. This review highlights recent progress in burgeoning treatments and provides innovative insights on feasible strategies for the treatment of UM.
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Li X, Yang C, Luo N, Yang Y, Guo Y, Chen P, Cun B. Ubiquitination and degradation of MGMT by TRIM72 increases the sensitivity of uveal melanoma cells to Dacarbazine treatment. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:275-284. [PMID: 34958003 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults with high metastasis rates. The O6-methylguanine DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) is involved in chemoresistance of Dacarbazine (DTIC) treatment. Our previous study found that the combination of oncolytic adenovirus H101 and DTIC in the treatment of UM cells shows a synergistic antitumor effect mainly though down-regulation of MGMT. MGMT knockdown by shRNAs increases the sensitivity of uveal melanoma cells to DTIC treatment. The protein hemostasis of MGMT is important for the antitumor effect of DTIC. Tripartite motif-containing protein 72 (TRIM72) belongs to the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins family and was identified as a novel E3 ligase for MGMT, which interacts with and mediates the ubiquitination of MGMT. TRIM72 knockdown increases the protein levels of MGMT, while reduces the ubiquitination of MGMT. Further study indicated that MGMT is highly expressed in UM cells, and the protein levels of MGMT and TRIM72 shows a negative correlation. UM cells that ectopically expressing TRIM72 shows increased sensitivity to DTIC treatment, which is consistent with the antitumor affect exhibited by H101. These results suggest that TRIM72 is a promising therapeutic target for UM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Department of Clinical Skills Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Clinical Skills Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cong Yang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Skills Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Clinical Skills Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunzhi Yang
- Department of Clinical Skills Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Clinical Skills Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biyun Cun
- Department of Clinical Skills Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Yang L, Gu X, Yu J, Ge S, Fan X. Oncolytic Virotherapy: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:790150. [PMID: 34901031 PMCID: PMC8662562 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are naturally occurring or genetically engineered viruses that can replicate preferentially in tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth. These viruses have been considered an effective anticancer strategy in recent years. They mainly function by direct oncolysis, inducing an anticancer immune response and expressing exogenous effector genes. Their multifunctional characteristics indicate good application prospects as cancer therapeutics, especially in combination with other therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the utility of oncolytic viruses in cancer therapeutics. Here, we review the characteristics, antitumor mechanisms, clinical applications, deficiencies and associated solutions, and future prospects of oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Aziz B, Khurshid A, Mahmood R, Khan JA, Javaid S, Alam M, Mujtaba Ul Hassan S, Ikram M. Study of synergistic effects of Ficus Carica leaves extract mediated chemo-photodynamic therapy on rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102565. [PMID: 34614426 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) is effective, but it has critical side effects and unavoidable challenges. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approach to treating cancer with relatively moderate side effects. Plant products are a rich source of polyphenols, which have potent antioxidant and anticancer activities. Therefore, their research has become an emerging field in recent decades. PURPOSE This work aimed to evaluate the potential of hydrophobic extract of Ficus Carica (FC) to determine whether FC in the presence of low dose chemo and Aluminium Phthalocyanine (Photosense®) mediated photodynamic therapy synergistically enhances the treatment efficacy of RD cells. METHOD FC with and without combination with individual therapeutic modalities like photosense mediated photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, and their combinations were studied for cell viability and morphological changes in invitro RD cells. A semiconductor diode laser (630 nm) was used as a light source in PDT. The cytotoxic effect of FC on cell viability and cellular morphological changes were investigated by MTT reagent and a camera attached to an inverted visible light microscope. The effect of FC, followed by di-combination with low dose chemo (doxorubicin-HCl, and dacarbazine), Photosense® mediated PDT and chemo-Photosense® mediated PDT (tri-combination) at 630 nm diode laser and 10 J/cm2 fluency were also investigated by MTT reagent. The combination index method is used to identify the synergistic effect of combination therapy by using CompuSyn software based on the Chou-Talalay method. RESULTS The dose-dependent effect of FC on cell viability and cellular morphological changes were observed in the RD cell line. It was found that the pre incubation of FC potentiated the anticancer effect as a neoadjuvant agent for doxorubicin-HCl and decarbazine based chemotherapy, Photosense® mediated PDT and chemo-PDT (tri-combination) with synergistic effect (CI<1). CONCLUSION These results suggest a possible thread that the low dose combination of the aforementioned therapeutic modalities in the presence of FC remarkably enhances the treatment efficacy of RD in comparison with a single-agent treatment modality. The proposed sequence of FC with chemo and PDT might present better therapeutic outcomes in RD therapies and may provide result for RD metastasis. FC may also be used in the application of phyto-PDT to cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Aziz
- Photonanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan; Department of Physics, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Ahmat Khurshid
- Photonanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Rashid Mahmood
- Photonanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ahmad Khan
- Photonanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Javaid
- Photonanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan; Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Masroor Alam
- Department of Virology and Imunology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mujtaba Ul Hassan
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Masroor Ikram
- Photonanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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Jaunalksne I, Brokāne L, Petroška D, Rasa A, Alberts P. ECHO-7 oncolytic virus Rigvir® in an adjuvant setting for stage I uveal melanoma; A retrospective case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 17:100615. [PMID: 32072076 PMCID: PMC7011033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe a case of choroidal melanoma treated with Rigvir® virotherapy in an adjuvant setting. Observations A female patient born in 1956 presented with a small choroidal melanoma in October 2007. 34 months after transpupillary thermotherapy the state of her eye worsened until tumor growth was visualized. Despite photodynamic therapy and transpupillary thermotherapy the tumor continued to grow locally. In October 2016 enucleation was performed. Since gene expression profile testing disclosed a tumor (class 2) with a high risk of metastasis formation in 5 years, the patient sought options to prevent progression of the disease. In December 2016 virotherapy with Rigvir® was started with 3 administrations for 3 consecutive days. Therapy was continued once per week until March 2017, when the administrations were changed to once per month. The patient is being monitored by an ophthalmologist. She is stable with the virotherapy ongoing and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (7 May 2018) and abdominal ultrasound (23 March 2019) imaging excludes metastasis formation. The quality of life is high. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of uveal melanoma treatment with virotherapy as an adjuvant therapy. Considering the few if any available treatments and the encouraging results of the present treatment, virotherapy should be evaluated more extensively as a potential treatment of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donatas Petroška
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Li Y, He J, Qiu C, Shang Q, Qian G, Fan X, Ge S, Jia R. The oncolytic virus H101 combined with
GNAQ
siRNA‐mediated knockdown reduces uveal melanoma cell viability. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5766-5776. [PMID: 30320917 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai China
| | - Chun Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai China
| | - Qingfeng Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai China
| | - Guanxiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai China
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Al-Qatati A, Aliwaini S. Combined pitavastatin and dacarbazine treatment activates apoptosis and autophagy resulting in synergistic cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7993-7999. [PMID: 29344241 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer and its incidence is increasing faster than any other type of cancer. Whilst dacarbazine (DTIC) is the standard chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma, it has limited success. Statins, including pitavastatin, have been demonstrated to have a range of anti-cancer effects in a number of human cancer cell lines. The present study therefore explored the anti-cancer activity of combined DTIC and pitavastatin in A375 and WM115 human melanoma cells. Cell survival assays demonstrated that combined DTIC and pitavastatin treatment resulted in synergistic cell death. Cell cycle analyses further revealed that this combined treatment resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest, as well as a sub-G1 population, indicative of apoptosis. Activation of apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double-staining and an increase in the levels of active caspase 3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that apoptosis occurs through the intrinsic pathway, evident from the release of cytochrome c. Finally, combined DTIC and pitavastatin treatment was demonstrated to also activate autophagy as part of a cell death mechanism. The present study provides novel evidence to suggest that the combined treatment of DTIC and pitavastatin may be effective in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Qatati
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University, Gaza 1277, Palestine
| | - Saeb Aliwaini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza 108, Palestine
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Li X, Yuan L, Zhao J, Yang H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Cun B. Adenovirus-based strategies enhance antitumor capability through p53-mediated downregulation of MGMT in uveal melanoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:194-199. [PMID: 28278076 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1294287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an intractable disease with a low survival rates, despite adequate local treatment, as a result of its metastatic characteristics. Thus, new therapeutic strategies, including combinations of novel gene therapy and traditional chemotherapy, are under investigation to improve long-term prognosis. Dacarbazine or DTIC, an alkylating agent which results in DNA methylation, is most commonly used to treat melanoma but the response is very limited. The O6-methylguanine DNA methyl transferase (MGMT), a DNA repair protein, is involved in chemoresistance in DTIC treatment. We previously investigated a combination of oncolytic adenovirus H101 and the alkylating agent DTIC in the treatment of UM cells in vitro and observed a synergistic antitumor effect. In this study, we validated this result and report an enhanced therapeutic effect in vivo. Our findings also demonstrated that the oncolytic adenovirus H101 decreased MGMT levels via accumulation of p53 overcoming DTIC chemoresistance. Therefore, the clinical therapeutic efficacy of DTIC in the treatment of UM might be improved using this adenovirus-based combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- a Department of Clinical Skills Center , Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Ling Yuan
- b Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- b Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Hui Yang
- a Department of Clinical Skills Center , Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Yunzhi Yang
- a Department of Clinical Skills Center , Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- b Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Biyun Cun
- a Department of Clinical Skills Center , Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
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Chen GX, Zhang S, He XH, Liu SY, Ma C, Zou XP. Clinical utility of recombinant adenoviral human p53 gene therapy: current perspectives. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1901-9. [PMID: 25364261 PMCID: PMC4211860 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s50483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has promised to be a highly effective antitumor treatment by introducing a tumor suppressor gene or the abrogation of an oncogene. Among the potential therapeutic transgenes, the tumor suppressor gene p53 serves as an attractive target. Restoration of wild-type p53 function in tumors can be achieved by introduction of an intact complementary deoxyribonucleic acid copy of the p53 gene using a suitable viral vector, in most cases an adenoviral vector (Adp53). Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Adp53 triggers a dramatic tumor regression response in various cancers. These viruses are engineered to lack certain early proteins and are thus replication defective, including Gendicine, SCH-58500, and Advexin. Several types of tumor-specific p53-expressing conditionally replicating adenovirus vectors (known as replication-competent CRAdp53 vectors) have been developed, such as ONYX 015, AdDelta24-p53, SG600-p53, OBP-702, and H101. Various clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the safety and efficiency of these adenoviral vectors. In this review we will talk about the biological mechanisms, clinical utility, and therapeutic potentials of the replication-deficient Adp53-based and replication-competent CRAdp53-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Duan F, Lin M, Li C, Ding X, Qian G, Zhang H, Ge S, Fan X, Li J. Effects of inhibition of hedgehog signaling on cell growth and migration of uveal melanoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:544-59. [PMID: 24553082 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been demonstrated to play a critical role in controlling embryonic development, tissue patterning, wound healing and a variety of cell functions. Aberrant activation of Hh signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of many human cancers, and in angiogenesis. However, the role of this pathway in uveal melanoma (UM) carcinogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of Hh inhibition using the specific Smoothened (Smo) antagonist cyclopamine to block Hh signaling in cultured human UM cell lines expressing Hh signaling components. Cyclopamine treatment effectively increased apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by downregulating the Hh final arbiter glioblastoma 1 (Gli1), which regulates the transcription of target genes in the nucleus. Changes in gene and protein expression levels were detected by real-time PCR and by western blotting and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis regulation induced by cyclopamine were demonstrated by flow cytometry. In addition, the migration capability of UM cells was reduced, as demonstrated by transwell migration and scratch assays. The effects of Hh inhibition on the levels of angiogenesis factors secreted by UM cells were examined by tube-formation assay. CONCLUSION Blocking the Hh pathway by cyclopamine decreased cell viability, migration, EMT, and angiogenesis, increased apoptosis, and induced G 1 phase cell cycle arrest in UM cells. Collectively, these results provide the first evidence of the significance of Gli1 activation downstream of Smo as a therapeutic target and the potential value of cyclopamine for the treatment of human UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chuanyin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xia Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guanxiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology; Ninth People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, PR China
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Fang L, Cheng Q, Bai J, Qi YD, Liu JJ, Li LT, Zheng JN. An oncolytic adenovirus expressing interleukin-24 enhances antitumor activities in combination with paclitaxel in breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1416-24. [PMID: 24042845 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses are a novel class of anticancer treatment, based upon their ability to replicate selectively within malignant cells resulting in cell lysis. The replication‑selective adenovirus, ZD55‑IL‑24, was constructed by harboring an E1B‑55 kDa deletion and arming with interleukin-24 (IL-24). The microtubule‑stabilizing drug paclitaxel (PTX) exhibits activity in relapsed cancer. In the present study, the synergistic antitumor effects of the combination of PTX and ZD55‑IL‑24 on breast cancer cells was investigated. The results demonstrated that there were different roles for PTX in the expression of transgenic mRNA and protein. ZD55‑IL‑24 combined with PTX induced marked growth inhibition of MDA‑MB‑231 and Bcap‑37 cells. PTX increased viral uptake and appeared not to alter the replication of ZD55‑IL‑24 in breast cancer cells. Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and the Hoechst 33258 assay indicated that ZD55‑IL‑24 induced an increase in the number of apoptotic cells when administered in combination with PTX. It was demonstrated that ZD55‑IL‑24 conjugated with PTX was highly concomitant, and increased proapoptotic proteins levels, activated caspase‑3, -7 and -9 and downregulated anti‑apoptotic proteins. These results suggested that ZD55‑IL‑24 in combination with PTX exhibited a markedly increased cytotoxic and apoptosis‑inducing effect in breast cancer cells. Thus, this chemo‑gene‑viro therapeutic strategy was demonstrated to be superior to conventional chemotherapy or gene‑viro therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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12
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Liu J, Ma L, Li C, Zhang Z, Yang G, Zhang W. Tumor-targeting TRAIL expression mediated by miRNA response elements suppressed growth of uveal melanoma cells. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:1043-55. [PMID: 24001901 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant uveal melanoma severely damages eye function and is prone to metastasize to other organs. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising agent to treat uveal melanoma because of its induction of apoptosis in cancer cells both at primary and metastatic sites. However, TRAIL therapy lacks tumor specificity in the current delivery systems for uveal melanoma treatment, thereby causing cytotoxiciy to normal tissues. To improve uveal melanoma specificity of adenovirus-based TRAIL introduction, we used miRNA response elements (MREs) of miR-34a, miR-137 and miR-182, which have been shown to have reduced expression in uveal melanoma cells, to regulate its expression. miR-34a, miR-137 and miR-182 all had lower expression levels in uveal melanoma cell lines, compared with normal cells. MREs-regulated luciferase activity was reduced in normal cell lines, but not significantly attenuated in uveal melanoma cells. The infection of MRE-regulated TRAIL-expressing adenoviral vector (Ad-TRAIL-3MREs) led to high level of TRAIL expression in uveal melanoma cell lines, but not in normal cells. Strong expression of TRAIL had a high anti-tumor capacity by inducing apoptosis in uveal melanoma cells. In contrast, Ad-TRAIL-3MREs had no cytotoxicity to normal cell lines. Animal experiments further confirmed tumor-suppressing effect of Ad-TRAIL-3MREs on uveal melanoma xenografts and its biosafety to hepatic tissues. Collectively, we constructed an MRE-directed TRAIL-expressing adenoviral vector and provided evidence that this vector possessed high anti-tumor activity and uveal melanoma specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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13
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Li J, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Oupický D. Recent advances in delivery of drug-nucleic acid combinations for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2013; 172:589-600. [PMID: 23624358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment that uses a combination of approaches with the ability to affect multiple disease pathways has been proven highly effective in the treatment of many cancers. Combination therapy can include multiple chemotherapeutics or combinations of chemotherapeutics with other treatment modalities like surgery or radiation. However, despite the widespread clinical use of combination therapies, relatively little attention has been given to the potential of modern nanocarrier delivery methods, like liposomes, micelles, and nanoparticles, to enhance the efficacy of combination treatments. This lack of knowledge is particularly notable in the limited success of vectors for the delivery of combinations of nucleic acids with traditional small molecule drugs. The delivery of drug-nucleic acid combinations is particularly challenging due to differences in the physicochemical properties of the two types of agents. This review discusses recent advances in the development of delivery methods using combinations of small molecule drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics to treat cancer. This review primarily focuses on the rationale used for selecting appropriate drug-nucleic acid combinations as well as progress in the development of nanocarriers suitable for simultaneous delivery of drug-nucleic acid combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
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14
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Hu S, Luo Q, Cun B, Hu D, Ge S, Fan X, Chen F. The pharmacological NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 induces cell apoptosis and inhibits the migration of human uveal melanoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:15653-67. [PMID: 23443086 PMCID: PMC3546654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131215653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanomas are highly metastatic and have high rate of recurrence due to the lack of effective systemic therapy. The identification of important survival pathways in uveal melanomas provides novel therapeutic targets for effective treatment. In the present study, we found that the NF-κB signaling pathway was constitutively and highly activated in uveal melanoma cells. Treatment with the pharmacological NF-κB specific inhibitor BAY11-7082 markedly decreased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In a dose-dependent setting, BAY11-7082 inhibited the proliferation and growth of uveal melanoma cells by inducing apoptosis without effect on cell cycle. The migration capacity of uveal melanoma cells was also significantly suppressed by BAY11-7082 treatment. Mechanistically, BAY11-7082 increased the activity of caspase 3 and reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, but did not influence the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Furthermore, BAY11-7082 induced uveal melanoma cell apoptosis and inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, the present study identified NF-κB as an important survival signal for uveal melanoma cells and suggested that administration of specific NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 could serve as an effective treatment for patients with uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (S.H.); (Q.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Qingqiong Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (S.H.); (Q.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Biyun Cun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (B.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (S.H.); (Q.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (B.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (B.C.); (S.G.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.F.); (F.C.); Tel: +86-21-63135606 (X.F.); Fax: +86-21-63137148 (X.F.); Tel.: +86-21-63080932 (F.C.); Fax: +86-21-63136856 (F.C.)
| | - Fuxiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (S.H.); (Q.L.); (D.H.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (X.F.); (F.C.); Tel: +86-21-63135606 (X.F.); Fax: +86-21-63137148 (X.F.); Tel.: +86-21-63080932 (F.C.); Fax: +86-21-63136856 (F.C.)
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15
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Huang X, Wang L, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhao X, Qian G, Hu J, Ge S, Fan X. Therapeutic efficacy by targeting correction of Notch1-induced aberrants in uveal tumors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44301. [PMID: 22937170 PMCID: PMC3429424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for more effective treatments for uveal melanoma. The recombinant oncolytic adenovirus H101 replicates specifically in p53-depleted tumor cells, and has been approved for use by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration. However, this treatment is associated with subsequent remission. Transfection of uveal melanoma cells with a small interfering RNA against Notch1 (siNotch1) effectively suppressed Notch1 expression, resulting in significant cell growth inhibition when combined with H101 treatment. Combined treatment with siNotch1 and H101 (H101-Notch1-siRNA) greatly enhanced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro as compared to treatment with H101 or siNotch1 alone. For in vivo treatments, the combined treatment of siNotch1 and H101 showed remarkable tumor growth inhibition and prolonged mouse survival in the OCM1 xenograft model. We predict that Notch pathway deregulation could be a feature of uveal melanoma, and could be a therapeutic target, especially if p53 is concurrently targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He Zhang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanxiang Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifan Hu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (SG)
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (SG)
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16
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Song X, Wang H, Jia R, Cun B, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Xu X, Qian G, Ge S, Fan X. Combined treatment with an oncolytic adenovirus and antitumor activity of vincristine against retinoblastoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10736-10749. [PMID: 23109819 PMCID: PMC3472711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment trends of retinoblastoma (RB) have gradually evolved from eye enucleation and external radiation to local treatment. Combined treatment with an oncolytic virus and chemotherapy is currently a new method in RB treatment. To investigate the therapeutic effect of oncolytic adenovirus SG600 in combination with vincristine (VCR) on retinoblastoma in vitro, the cell viability, cell cycle effects and apoptotic activity of HXO-RB44 cells treated with SG600, VCR or SG600 plus VCR were measured using a cell counting kit-8-based procedure and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis for Akt, p-Akt, p-p53 and p-Rb protein was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of combined therapy. The combination therapy exerted a synergistic antitumor effect via a type of G2/M and S phase arrest rather than the induction of apoptosis. The combination of VCR and SG600 further reduced Akt phosphorylation compared with cells treated with VCR alone, suggesting that SG600 could overcome chemoresistance, perhaps by down-regulating Akt in RB cells. An increase in the expression of p-p53 and decrease in p-Rb expression in HXO-RB44 after co-treatment might be associated with cell cycle block. Western blot examination revealed that VCR might enhance SG600 replication. These results suggest that viro-chemo combination therapy is a feasible and potentially promising approach for the treatment of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (H.W.); (G.Q.)
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Biyun Cun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Yixiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Guanxiang Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (H.W.); (G.Q.)
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mails: (H.W.); (G.Q.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.G.); (X.F.); Tel.: +86-021-6313-5606 (S.G.); +86-021-2327-1699 (ext. 5586) (X.F.); Fax: +86-021-6313-7148 (S.G.); +86-021-6313-7148 (X.F.)
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; E-Mails: (X.S.); (R.J.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.X.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.G.); (X.F.); Tel.: +86-021-6313-5606 (S.G.); +86-021-2327-1699 (ext. 5586) (X.F.); Fax: +86-021-6313-7148 (S.G.); +86-021-6313-7148 (X.F.)
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