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Menditti D, Santagata M, Guida D, Magliulo R, D'Antonio GM, Staglianò S, Boschetti CE. State of the Art in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Oral Malignant and Potentially Malignant Disorders: Present Insights and Future Outlook-An Overview. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:228. [PMID: 38534502 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD) is a significant concern for clinicians due to the risk of malignant transformation. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of cancer with a low survival rate, causing over 200,000 new cases globally each year. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, the five-year survival rate for OSCC patients remains under 50%. Early diagnosis can greatly improve the chances of survival. Therefore, understanding the development and transformation of OSCC and developing new diagnostic methods is crucial. The field of oral medicine has been advanced by technological and molecular innovations, leading to the integration of new medical technologies into dental practice. This study aims to outline the potential role of non-invasive imaging techniques and molecular signatures for the early detection of Oral Malignant and Potentially Malignant Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Menditti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Santagata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - David Guida
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Magliulo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria D'Antonio
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuel Staglianò
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Emiliano Boschetti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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2
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Menditti D, Santagata M, Imola G, Staglianò S, Vitagliano R, Boschetti CE, Inchingolo AM. Personalized Medicine in Oral Oncology: Imaging Methods and Biological Markers to Support Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Narrative Literature Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1397. [PMID: 37763165 PMCID: PMC10532745 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been one of the most prevalent and mortal cancers worldwide. The gold standard for OSCC diagnosis is still histopathology but this narrative multidisciplinary review has the aim to explore the literature about conventional OSCC prognostic indicators related to the pTNM stage at the diagnosis such as the depth of invasion and the lymphovascular invasion associated with distant metastasis as indicators of poor life expectancy. Despite its multifactorial nature and recognizable precursors, its diagnosis at the early stages is still challenging. We wanted to highlight the importance of the screening as a primary weapon that a stomatologist should consider, intercepting all at-risk conditions and lesions associated with OSCC and its early stages. This narrative review also overviews the most promising imaging techniques, such as CT, MRI, and US-echography, and their application related to clinical and surgical practice, but also the most-investigated prognostic and diagnostic tissue and salivary biomarkers helpful in OSCC diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Our work highlighted remarkable potential biomarkers that could have a leading role in the future. However, we are still far from defining an appropriate and concrete protocol to apply in clinical practice. The hope is that the present and future research will overcome these limitations to benefit patients, clinicians, and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Menditti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Mario Santagata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Gianmaria Imola
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Samuel Staglianò
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Rita Vitagliano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Ciro Emiliano Boschetti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
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3
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Kaushik M, Tiku AB. Molecular pathways modulated by phytochemicals in head and neck cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:469-483. [PMID: 36454443 PMCID: PMC10409696 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, natural dietary phytochemicals have shown immense potential in the suppression and incidence of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC). From various in-vitro, animal, and epidemiological studies it is now clear that intake of foods rich in dietary phytochemicals lower the risk of HNC. These phytochemicals have been reported to target different stages of Head and Neck cancer (initiation to promotion) by modulating many cellular signaling pathways. A single phytochemical may target different pathways simultaneously or a single pathway may be targeted by a diversity of phytochemicals. This review highlights the molecular pathways modulated by a large number of phytochemicals relevant to HNC with an intent to identify specific signaling pathways that could be therapeutically targeted. Therefore, relevant literature was screened and scrutinized for molecular details. We have focused on the complexity of the molecular mechanisms that are modulated by various phytochemicals and the role they can play in better clinical efficacy and management of head and neck cancer. In-depth knowledge of these molecular mechanisms can lead to innovative therapeutic strategies using phytochemicals alone or along with available treatments for various cancers including HNC. Molecular pathways modulated by Phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kaushik
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashu Bhan Tiku
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Expression of Beta-Catenin, Cadherins and P-Runx2 in Fibro-Osseous Lesions of the Jaw: Tissue Microarray Study. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040587. [PMID: 35454175 PMCID: PMC9024991 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) are well-characterized benign bone fibro-osseous lesions. The intracellular mechanism leading to excessive deposition of fibrous tissue and alteration of differentiation processes leading to osteomalacia have not yet been fully clarified. Tissue Microarray (TMA)-based immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, CK-AE1/AE3, Ki-67, cadherins and P-Runx2 were analyzed in archival samples from nine patients affected by FD and HPT-JT and in seven controls, with the aim of elucidating the contribution of these molecules (β-catenin, cadherins and P-Runx2) in the osteoblast differentiation pathway. β-catenin was strongly upregulated in FD, showing a hyper-cellulated pattern, while it was faintly expressed in bone tumors associated with HPT-JT. Furthermore, the loss of expression of OB-cadherin in osteoblast lineage in FD was accompanied by N-cadherin and P-cadherin upregulation (p < 0.05), while E-cadherin showed a minor role in these pathological processes. P-Runx2 showed over-expression in six out of eight cases of FD and stained moderately positive in the rimming lining osteoblasts in HPT-JT syndrome. β-catenin plays a central role in fibrous tissue proliferation and accompanies the lack of differentiation of osteoblast precursors in mature osteoblasts in FD. The study showed that the combined evaluation of the histological characteristics and the histochemical and immunohistochemical profile of key molecules involved in osteoblast differentiation are useful in the diagnosis, classification and therapeutic management of fibrous-osseous lesions.
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5
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H9c2 Cardiomyocytes under Hypoxic Stress: Biological Effects Mediated by Sentinel Downstream Targets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6874146. [PMID: 34630851 PMCID: PMC8497098 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6874146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The association between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases is well known. Related diabetes macro- and microangiopathies frequently induce hypoxia and consequently energy failure to satisfy the jeopardized myocardium basal needs. Additionally, it is widely accepted that diabetes impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, resulting in diminished nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and consequent endothelial cell dysfunction. In this study, we analyzed the embryonic heart-derived H9c2 cell response to hypoxic stress after administration of a high glucose concentration to reproduce a condition often observed in diabetes. We observed that 24 h hypoxia exposure of H9c2 cells reduced cell viability compared to cells grown in normoxic conditions. Cytotoxicity and early apoptosis were increased after exposure to high glucose administration. In addition, hypoxia induced a RhoA upregulation and a Bcl-2 downregulation and lowered the ERK activation observed in normoxia at both glucose concentrations. Furthermore, a significant cell proliferation rate increases after the 1400 W iNOS inhibitor administration was observed. Again, hypoxia increased the expression level of myogenin, a marker of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. The cardiomyocyte gene expression profiles and morphology changes observed in response to pathological stimuli, as hypoxia, could lead to improper ventricular remodeling responsible for heart failure. Therefore, understanding cell signaling events that regulate cardiac response to hypoxia could be useful for the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches able to prevent heart diseases.
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Davoodvandi A, Farshadi M, Zare N, Akhlagh SA, Alipour Nosrani E, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Kangari P, Sharafi SM, Khan H, Aschner M, Baniebrahimi G, Mirzaei H. Antimetastatic Effects of Curcumin in Oral and Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:668567. [PMID: 34456716 PMCID: PMC8386020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.668567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are known as frequently occurred solid malignant tumors that can cause the high rate mortality in the world. Metastasis is a significant destructive feature of tumoral cells, which directly correlates with decreased prognosis and survival. Curcumin, which is found in turmeric, has been identified as a potent therapeutic natural bioactive compound (Curcuma longa). It has been traditionally applied for centuries to treat different diseases, and it has shown efficacy for its anticancer properties. Numerous studies have revealed that curcumin inhibits migration and metastasis of GI cancer cells by modulating various genes and proteins, i.e., growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and their receptors, different types of enzymes, caspases, cell adhesion molecules, and cell cycle proteins. Herein, we summarized the antimetastatic effects of curcumin in GI cancers, including pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, oral cancer, and esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Noushid Zare
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Esmail Alipour Nosrani
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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7
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Liu W, Shi X, Wang B. microRNA-133a exerts tumor suppressive role in oral squamous cell carcinoma through the Notch signaling pathway via downregulation of CTBP2. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:62-72. [PMID: 33531645 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been revealed to participate in some oral cancers and are proved to be effective. In the present study, we tried to explore the biological function of miR-133a in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The relationship that C-terminal-binding proteins 2 (CTBP2) was the putative target gene of miR-133a revealed from bioinformatics analysis was further was further validated by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. In total, 40 patients with OSCC were enrolled for characterization of miR-133a, CTBP2, and Notch signaling pathway-related gene expression in clinical OSCC tissues. Low expression of miR-133a and high expression of CTBP2, Hes1, Notch-1, and Notch-3 were determined in OSCC tissues. OSCC cell lines were transfected with miR-133a inhibitor, miR-133a mimic, or shRNA targeting CTBP2, in response to which cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis were evaluated. Transfection of miR-133a mimic induced apoptosis and inhibited OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and this was demonstrated to be attributable to decreased CTBP2 expression and suppression of the Notch signaling pathway. Taken together, we concluded that miR-133a acted as a tumor suppressor in OSCC through inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway via binding to CTBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, 276000, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, 276000, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Baoliang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, 276000, Linyi, P. R. China.
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Hasan S. An Overview of Promising Biomarkers in Cancer Screening and Detection. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:831-852. [PMID: 32838718 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200824102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Applications of biomarkers have been proved in oncology screening, diagnosis, predicting response to treatment as well as monitoring the progress of the disease. Considering the crucial role played by them during different disease stages, it is extremely important to evaluate, validate, and assess them to incorporate them into routine clinical care. In this review, the role of few most promising and successfully used biomarkers in cancer detection, i.e. PD-L1, E-Cadherin, TP53, Exosomes, cfDNA, EGFR, mTOR with regard to their structure, mode of action, and reports signifying their pathological significance, are addressed. Also, an overview of some successfully used biomarkers for cancer medicine has been presented. The study also summarizes biomarker-driven personalized cancer therapy i.e., approved targets and indications, as per the US FDA. The review also highlights the increasingly prominent role of biomarkers in drug development at all stages, with particular reference to clinical trials. The increasing utility of biomarkers in clinical trials is clearly evident from the trend shown, wherein ~55 percent of all oncology clinical trials in 2019 were seen to involve biomarkers, as opposed to ~ 15 percent in 2001, which clearly proves the essence and applicability of biomarkers for synergizing clinical information with tumor progression. Still, there are significant challenges in the implementation of these possibilities with strong evidence in cost-- effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Hasan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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9
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Are FDA-Approved Sunscreen Components Effective in Preventing Solar UV-Induced Skin Cancer? Cells 2020; 9:cells9071674. [PMID: 32664608 PMCID: PMC7407267 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (SUV) exposure is a major risk factor in the etiology of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). People commonly use sunscreens to prevent SUV-induced skin damage and cancer. Nonetheless, the prevalence of cSCC continues to increase every year, suggesting that commercially available sunscreens might not be used appropriately or are not completely effective. In the current study, a solar simulated light (SSL)-induced cSCC mouse model was used to investigate the efficacy of eight commonly used FDA-approved sunscreen components against skin carcinogenesis. First, we tested FDA-approved sunscreen components for their ability to block UVA or UVB irradiation by using VITRO-SKIN (a model that mimics human skin properties), and then the efficacy of FDA-approved sunscreen components was investigated in an SSL-induced cSCC mouse model. Our results identified which FDA-approved sunscreen components or combinations are effective in preventing cSCC development. Not surprisingly, the results indicated that sunscreen combinations that block both UVA and UVB significantly suppressed the formation of cutaneous papillomas and cSCC development and decreased the activation of oncoproteins and the expression of COX-2, keratin 17, and EGFR in SSL-exposed SKH-1 (Crl:SKH1-Hrhr) hairless mouse skin. Notably, several sunscreen components that were individually purported to block both UVA and UVB were ineffective alone. At least one component had toxic effects that led to a high mortality rate in mice exposed to SSL. Our findings provide new insights into the development of the best sunscreen to prevent chronic SUV-induced cSCC development.
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Sex Hormones and Inflammation Role in Oral Cancer Progression: A Molecular and Biological Point of View. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:9587971. [PMID: 32684934 PMCID: PMC7336237 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9587971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancers have been proven to arise from precursors lesions and to be related to risk behaviour such as alcohol consumption and smoke. However, the present paper focuses on the role of chronic inflammation, related to chronical oral infections and/or altered immune responses occurring during dysimmune and autoimmune diseases, in the oral cancerogenesis. Particularly, oral candidiasis and periodontal diseases introduce a vicious circle of nonhealing and perpetuation of the inflammatory processes, thus leading toward cancer occurrence via local and systemic inflammatory modulators and via genetic and epigenetic factors.
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Santoro A, Bufo P, Russo G, Cagiano S, Papagerakis S, Bucci P, Aquino G, Longo F, Feola A, Giordano A, Di Carlo A, Di Domenico M, Pannone G. Expression and clinical implication of cyclooxygenase-2 and E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Biol Ther 2020. [PMID: 26218314 PMCID: PMC7537792 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1071741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and angiogenesis are crucial events for development of aggressive and often fatal Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). Both promote cancer progression and metastasis development, but while the former induces the loss of E-cadherin expression and, hence cadherin switching; the latter produces hematic blood vessel neo-formation and contribute to OSCC cell growth, tumor mass development, and dissemination. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has an important role, not only in angiogenic mechanisms, but also in favoring cancer invasion. Indeed it decreases the expression of E-cadherin and leads to phenotypic changes in epithelial cells (EMT) enhancing their carcinogenic potential. Our aim is to evaluate the interplay between E-cadherin cytoplasmic delocalization, COX-2 up-regulation and COX-2 induced neo-angiogenesis in 120 cases of OSCC. We have analyzed the distribution and the number of neo-formed endothelial buds surrounding infiltrating cells that express COX-2, as well as the neo-formed vessels in chronic inflammatory infiltrate, which surround the tumor. A double immunostaining method was employed in order to verify co-localization of endothelial cell marker (CD34) and COX-2. IHC has also been used to assess E-cadherin expression. Our data demonstrate that the OSCC cells, which lose membranous E-cadherin staining, acquiring a cytoplasmic delocalization, overexpress COX-2. Moreover, we find a new CD34+ vessel formation (sprouting angiogenesis). Only basaloid type of OSCC showes low level of COX-2 expression together with very low level of neo-angiogenesis and consequent tumor necrosis. The well-known anti-metastatic effect of certain COX-2 inhibitors suggests that these molecules might have clinical utility in the management of advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santoro
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, 'Giovanni Paolo II' Foundation-UCSC , Campobasso, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Bufo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Cagiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Oncology, University of Michigan, Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paolo Bucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologies Science, University of Naples 'Federico II' , Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, National Cancer Institute 'G. Pascale Foundation' , Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute 'G. Pascale Foundation' , Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples , Naples, Italy.,Department of Biochemistry, Biophisic and General Pathology Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angelina Di Carlo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophisic and General Pathology Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
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12
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Antibacterial Activity of Indolicidin-Coated Silver Nanoparticles in Oral Disease. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10051837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: In dentistry, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have progressively earned great interest as antimicrobial drugs and are widely used in several biomedical fields. Recent progress in the analysis of complex bacterial communities has demonstrated the richness of the oral microbiota and the presence of numerous previously unexplained strains. Several efforts have been dedicated to the investigation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Those peptides are a widespread group of small peptides against invading microbes. We report the production of a hybrid molecule composed of AgNPs and indolicidin, a well-known antibacterial peptide. (2) Methods: Spectroscopy and microscopy were used to analyze the optical features and to determine the size of the generated AgNPs. The AgNP antibacterial activity was evaluated versus oral Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (3) Results: The coated nanoparticles’ antibacterial activity strongly inhibited the growth of microorganisms, with very low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 5–12.5 μg/mL. We hypothesize that this effect depended on the specific characteristics of the metal surface coated with indolicidin. The second result was that the coated nanoparticles observed cellular toxicity, was lower with respect to the toxicity of peptide and the naked AgNPs when used individually. (4) New investigations regarding antimicrobial effect of AgNPs coated with AMPs in oral infections are an urgent task.
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13
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Ricci S, Pinto F, Auletta A, Giordano A, Giovane A, Settembre G, Boccellino M, Boffo S, Di Carlo A, Di Domenico M. The enigmatic role of matrix metalloproteinases in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma: Implications and nutraceutical aspects. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:6813-6819. [PMID: 30714188 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent malignancy in the oral cavity is represented by oral squamous cell carcinoma, an aggressive disease mostly detected in low-income communities. This neoplasia is mostly diffused in older men particularly exposed to risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and a diet rich in fatty foods and poor in vegetables. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, a wide range of matrix-cleaving proteinases are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling of cancer microenvironment. In particular, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent the major and most investigated protagonists. Owing to their strong involvement in malignant pathologies, MMPs are considered the most promising new biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The interest in studying MMPs in oral cancer biology is also owing to their prominent role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is an intricate process involving different complex pathways. EMT-related proteins are attractive diagnostic biomarkers that characterize the activation of biological events that promote cancer's aggressive expansion. Different antioncogenic natural compounds have been investigated to counteract oral carcinogenesis, with the scope of obtaining better clinical results and lower morbidity. In particular, we describe the role of different nutraceuticals used for the regulation of MMP-related invasion and proliferation of oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Ricci
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Pinto
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaide Auletta
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology University of Siena, Italy.,Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Settembre
- Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Boffo
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angelina Di Carlo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Panarese I, Aquino G, Ronchi A, Longo F, Montella M, Cozzolino I, Roccuzzo G, Colella G, Caraglia M, Franco R. Oral and Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic and predictive parameters in the etiopathogenetic route. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:105-119. [PMID: 30582397 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1561288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC and OPSCC) represents an increasing problem in the global public health. Indeed, squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy in oral cavity and 1 of the 10 most common cancers worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN estimate in Europe between 2012 and 2015, there was an overall increasing incidence and mortality for oral cancer, mostly HPV-related in the oropharyngeal region with evidence of significant differences from the prognostic and therapeutic point of view. Areas covered: Until now, the management of the patients is based on classical histologic parameters such as TNM and tumor grading, but new molecular and cell markers have been investigated to improve patients' treatment and survival. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers characterizing the cancer diversity, with the consequent possibility of patient stratification for specific treatment. Expert commentary: This review aims to discuss some of the most relevant and novel genetic, epigenetic, and histological prognostic biomarkers in oral cancer, highlighting the main differences between HPV-unrelated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) that may aid in stratifying prognostic subgroups and rationalizing treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Panarese
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- b Pathology Unit , Istituto dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- c Head and Neck Surgery Unit , Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Roccuzzo
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colella
- d Maxillo-Facial Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- e Department of Precision Medicine , University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli" , Naples , Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- a Pathology Unit, Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine Department , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Naples , Italy
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15
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Di Domenico M, Pinto F, Quagliuolo L, Contaldo M, Settembre G, Romano A, Coppola M, Ferati K, Bexheti-Ferati A, Sciarra A, Nicoletti GF, Ferraro GA, Boccellino M. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Hormones in Controlling Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31456748 PMCID: PMC6701166 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of adipose tissue in the body occurs because the energy introduced with food and drink exceeds that expense, but to understand why this imbalance is established and why it is maintained over time, it is important to consider the main causes and risk factors of excess weight. In this review, we will refer to the main factors linked to obesity, starting from oxidative stress to hormonal factors including the role of obesity in breast cancer. Among the many hypotheses formulated on the etiopathology of obesity, a key role can be attributed to the relationship between stress oxidative and intestinal microbiota. Multiple evidences tend to show that genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle factors contribute to determine in the obese an imbalance of the redox balance correlated with the alteration of the intestinal microbial flora. Obesity acts negatively on the wound healing, in fact several studies indicate morbid obesity significantly increased the risk of a post-operative wound complication and infection. Currently, in the treatment of obesity, medical interventions are aimed not only at modifying caloric intake, but also to modulate and improve the composition of diet with the aim of rebalancing the microbiota-redox state axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Federica Pinto
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Settembre
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Kenan Ferati
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tetovo, Tetovo, Macedonia
| | | | - Antonella Sciarra
- Department of Translational Medicad Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
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16
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Caponio VCA, Troiano G, Botti G, Pedicillo MC, Lo Russo L, Mastrangelo F, Ciavarella D, Losito NS, Aquino G, Nocini R, Santoro R, Santoro A, Lo Muzio L, Pannone G. Overexpression of ADAR1 into the cytoplasm correlates with a better prognosis of patients with oral squamous cells carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 48:108-114. [PMID: 30489667 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAR1 is an enzymatic protein, which catalyzes a RNA editing reaction by converting Adenosine to Inosine, and its expression has been found to be dysregulated in many cancer types. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of ADAR1 in oral squamous cells carcinoma. METHODS In order to analyze the ADAR1 mRNA expression, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded and analyzed. In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis was performed on an institutional database including 46 samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS No statistically significant correlation linked the mRNA ADAR1 expression to any clinic-pathological variables in the TCGA database. Immunohistochemistry analysis of ADAR1 showed different expressions between normal mucosa and tumor tissue. Focusing on the subcellular localization, the nuclear expression of ADAR1 correlated with higher grading of differentiation (ρ = 0.442; P-value = 0.002); the general expression of ADAR1 either in cytoplasm or in nuclei, correlated with the Gender of patients (Cytoplasm expression: ρ = -0.295; P-value = 0.049; while for nuclear expression: ρ = +0.374; P = 0.011); cytosol expression resulted to be an independent protective prognostic factor (HR = 0.047; C.I. 95% 0.007-0.321; P-value = 0.002). CONCLUSION Higher expression of ADAR1 into the cytoplasm resulted to be an independent prognostic factor. In order to understand ADAR1 role in cancer, further studies should be performed, in bigger cohort and under a bio-molecular point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Lo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Filiberto Mastrangelo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ciavarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nunzia Simona Losito
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Santoro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Santoro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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17
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Taberna M, Torres M, Alejo M, Mena M, Tous S, Marquez S, Pavón MA, León X, García J, Guix M, Hijano R, Bonfill T, Aguilà A, Lozano A, Mesía R, Alemany L, Bravo IG. The Use of HPV16-E5, EGFR, and pEGFR as Prognostic Biomarkers for Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2018; 8:589. [PMID: 30619735 PMCID: PMC6297752 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anti-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor (EGFR) therapies in combination with radiotherapy are being studied on de-escalation clinical trials for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients. The HPV16-E5 oncoprotein increases recycling of activated EGFR to the cell surface, enhancing factor signal transduction. Our aim was to evaluate viral HPV16-E5 oncogene expression as well as EGFR and phosphorylated-EGFR (pEGFR), protein levels as biomarkers for clinical outcome in a retrospective cohort of OPC patients. Methods: Formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded OPCs were collected from 1990 to 2013. OPC samples containing HPV-DNA were subject to viral E6*I mRNA detection and p16INK4a immunohistochemistry (IHC). HPV16-positive cases were evaluated for HPV16-E5 (RT-PCR) and EGFR/pEGFR (IHC). A stratified and matched random sample of HPV-negative samples was used as control and evaluated for EGFR/pEGFR. Overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) estimates were assessed for locally advanced OPC patients (stage III, IVa,b 7th edition). Results: Among 788 OPC patient samples, 53 were double positive for HPV16-DNA/p16INK4a. HPV16-E5 expression was found in 41 of 53 samples (77.4%). EGFR expression was observed in 37.7 vs 70.8% of HPV16-positive vs HPV-negative samples, respectively; (adjusted OR = 0.15) 5% CI = 0.04–0.56]). Expression of pEGFR followed an inverse pattern with 39.6 and 24.9% detection in HPV16-positive and HPV-negative samples; (adjusted OR = 1.58 [95% CI = 0.48–5.17]). Within HPV16-positive cases, no association between HPV16-E5/EGFR nor pEGFR was observed. With a median follow-up of 39.36 months (min = 0.03 – max = 272.07), the combination of HPV status and EGFR or pEGFR expression were predictors of better OS (p < 0.001, for both) and DFS (p < 0.001 for EGFR and p = 0.003 for pEGFR). Conclusions: HPV16-E5 is highly expressed on HPV16-positive OPCs. Interestingly, HPV16-positive cases expressed significantly more pEGFR while HPV-negative cases expressed more EGFR. The combinations of HPV status and EGFR or pEGFR may be useful biomarkers for evaluating prognosis outcome in OPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Taberna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, ONCOBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Torres
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Alejo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General de L'Hospitalet, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa Mena
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Tous
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Marquez
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Pavón
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier León
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacinto García
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Guix
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Hijano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Bonfill
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antón Aguilà
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Lozano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Mesía
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, ONCOBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio G Bravo
- French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Laboratory MIVEGEC (CNRS IRD Uni Montp), Montpellier, France
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18
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Troiano G, Guida A, Aquino G, Botti G, Losito NS, Papagerakis S, Pedicillo MC, Ionna F, Longo F, Cantile M, Pennella A, Lo Russo L, Di Gioia G, Mariggiò MA, Lo Muzio L, Pannone G. Integrative Histologic and Bioinformatics Analysis of BIRC5/Survivin Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092664. [PMID: 30205554 PMCID: PMC6174346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a well-known protein involved in the inhibition of apoptosis in many different cancer types. The aim of this study was to perform an integrated bioinformatic and histologic analysis in order to study the expression and prognostic role of Survivin and its related gene BIRC5 in oral cancer. Publicly available databases were accessed via Gene Expression Omnibus and Oncomine, in addition raw data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were also obtained in order to analyze the rate of gene mutation, expression and methylation in patients with oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed in order to evaluate the nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of Survivin and their correlation with cell proliferation in samples from OSCC patients. Results of this study revealed that Survivin is rarely mutated in OSCC samples and upregulated when compared to non-cancerous tissue. A negative correlation between the methylation of the island cg25986496 and BIRC5 mRNA expression was detected from TCGA data. IHC staining revealed that cytoplasmic (and not nuclear) expression of Survivin is associated with poor overall survival in OSCC patients, while the nuclear expression correlates with higher proliferation rate. In addition, data from TCGA database revealed that BIRC5 gene expression is an independent prognostic factor for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Agostino Guida
- Maxillofacial and ENT Surgery Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Simona Losito
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Cluster, Room 4D10.2, Health Sciences Building, Saskatchewan University, Saskatoon, SKS7N5E5, Canada.
| | - Maria Carmela Pedicillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Franco Ionna
- Maxillofacial and ENT Surgery Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Francesco Longo
- Maxillofacial and ENT Surgery Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Antonio Pennella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Lucio Lo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari. Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, Foggia 71122, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, Foggia 71122, Italy.
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19
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Raulf N, Lucarelli P, Thavaraj S, Brown S, Vicencio JM, Sauter T, Tavassoli M. Annexin A1 regulates EGFR activity and alters EGFR-containing tumour-derived exosomes in head and neck cancers. Eur J Cancer 2018; 102:52-68. [PMID: 30142511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common cancer with approximately half a million cases diagnosed each year worldwide. HNSCC has a poor survival rate which has not improved for over 30 years. The molecular pathogenesis of HNSCCs remains largely unresolved; there is high prevalence of p53 mutations and EGFR overexpression; however, the contribution of these molecular changes to disease development and/or progression remains unknown. We have recently identified microRNA miR-196a to be highly overexpressed in HNSCC with poor prognosis. Oncogenic miR-196a directly targets Annexin A1 (ANXA1). Although increased ANXA1 expression levels have been associated with breast cancer development, its role in HNSCC is debatable and its functional contribution to HNSCC development remains unclear. METHODS ANXA1 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by RNA Seq analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed to analyse the effects of ANXA1 modulation on cell proliferation, mechanism of activation of EGFR signalling as well as on exosome production and exosomal phospho-EGFR. RESULTS ANXA1 was found to be downregulated in head and neck cancer tissues, both at mRNA and protein level. Its anti-proliferative effects were mediated through the intracellular form of the protein. Importantly, ANXA1 downregulation resulted in increased phosphorylation and activity of EGFR and its downstream PI3K-AKT signalling. Additionally, ANXA1 modulation affected exosome production and influenced the release of exosomal phospho-EGFR. CONCLUSIONS ANXA1 acts as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC. It is involved in the regulation of EGFR activity and exosomal phospho-EGFR release and could be an important prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raulf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, Hodgkin Building, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - P Lucarelli
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - S Thavaraj
- Department of Head and Neck Pathology, Mucosal and Salivary Biology, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - S Brown
- DCT3 Oral and Maxillofacial Histopathology, Department of Head & Neck Pathology, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - J M Vicencio
- Research Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - T Sauter
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - M Tavassoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, Hodgkin Building, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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20
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Russo D, Merolla F, Varricchio S, Salzano G, Zarrilli G, Mascolo M, Strazzullo V, Di Crescenzo RM, Celetti A, Ilardi G. Epigenetics of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:275-283. [PMID: 30233779 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral and oropharyngeal cancers represent the two most common malignancies of the head and neck region. The major risk factors for these cancers include alcohol consumption, tobacco use (via smoking or chewing) and high-risk human papillomavirus infection. The transition from normal epithelium to premalignant tissue and finally carcinoma is in part caused by a summation of genetic and epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic refers to modifications in the way the genome is expressed in cells. The most common examples of epigenetic control of gene expression are DNA methylation, histone modification and regulation by small non-coding RNAs. The aim of the current paper was to review the recent studies on the main epigenetic changes that have been suggested to serve a role in the carcinogenesis process and progression of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Furthermore, it is discussed how the epigenetic changes may be used as potential predictive biomarkers and how recent findings in the field may impact the personalized cancer therapy approach for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Russo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, Ι-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia Varricchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Operative Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zarrilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, Ι-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Strazzullo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology Gaetano Salvatore, Italian National Council of Research, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
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21
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Liu X, Li Q, Huang P, Tong D, Wu H, Zhang F. EGFR-mediated signaling pathway influences the sensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma to JQ1. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8368-8377. [PMID: 30687956 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting BRD4 has emerged as a promising anticancer strategy, and inhibitors such as JQ1 can suppress cell growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the mechanism through which JQ1 exerts its anticancer activity has not been reported. Moreover, JQ1 does not markedly inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis in OSCC when used as a monotherapy. Herein, we explore the mechanism of JQ1 in OSCC and probe ways to increase its therapeutic potential. In this study, we used two cell lines, Cal27, and Scc25. We found that BRD4 was highly expressed in OSCC tissues when compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, and JQ1 worked through the EGFR-mediated signaling pathway in tumor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that JQ1 induced an increased treatment effect in vitro and in vivo when combined with a PI3K inhibitor. Interestingly, subsequent mechanistic analyses indicated that further suppressing EGFR and BRD4 expression was instrumental to this functional synergism. Moreover, we found that upregulating EGFR expression by EGF stimulation protected cells treated with JQ1 from apoptosis, while knockdown of EGFR before addition of JQ1 successfully mimicked the combination treatment results. In summary, our findings revealed that JQ1 can act by inhibiting the EGFR-mediated signaling pathway, and EGFR expression influences the sensitivity of OSCC to JQ1. Regarding clinical use, this study demonstrates that BRD4 is a novel therapeutic target and EGFR can be used as a biomarker to identify the most appropriate anti-BRD4 treatment strategy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fenghe Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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22
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Di Domenico M, Giordano A. Signal transduction growth factors: the effective governance of transcription and cellular adhesion in cancer invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36869-36884. [PMID: 28415812 PMCID: PMC5482705 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Giulio Bizzozero classified the tissues concerning their capacity to self-renew during the adult life in labile, stable and permanent tissues. In 1940 Viktor Hamburger and Rita Levi Montalcini exposed the possibility to induce the growth of permanent cells thanks to a specific ligand Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). Stanley Cohen purified a protein the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), able to induce epidermis proliferation and to elicit precocious eye disclosure and teeth eruption, establishing the “inverse” relationships between the proliferation and differentiation. These two biological effects induced by EGF were according to EGFR signaling is involved in a large array of cellular functions such as proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration and differentiation. This review is focused on the key role of growth factors signaling and their downstream effectors in physiological and in pathological phenomena, the authors highlight the governance of Growth factors during the EMT in cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy.,IRCCS Institute of Women's Health Malzoni Clinic, Avellino, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Liu Z, Luo C, Yang W, Wang K, Hu C, Zou J, Zhu H, Fu L, Nie J, Cheng C. Increased Numb protein expression predicts poor clinical outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:34-41. [PMID: 28095111 PMCID: PMC5790368 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1276131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numb is a protein whose asymmetric segregation during cell division determines cell fate and has numerous functions relevant to multiple fields of study, including developmental neurobiology and cancer biology. Little is known about the role of Numb in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the predominant histological esophageal carcinoma in Asian populations. In this study, we focused on the expression and biologic functions of Numb in the context of ESCC. From analysis of tissue microarrays with 212 patients, it was found that Numb was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggests that higher expression of Numb was significantly associated with a high tumor recurrence (p = 0.015) and poor overall post-surgical survival (p = 0.016). Using multiple Cox regression, the expression of Numb was determined to be an independent predictor of poor prognosis. When siRNA was used to knockdown Numb in ESCC cell lines, there was a consistent increase in caspase-3 dependent apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation, as well as downregulation of expression of the cancer stem cell markers Oct-4, SOX-2 and Nanog. In addition, downregulated Numb expression was not significantly associated with the migration of ESCC cells. These results indicate that Numb acts as an oncoprotein and has potential as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Canqiao Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weixiong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianyong Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Nie
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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24
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D'Souza W, Saranath D. OMICS, Oral Cancer Molecular Landscapes, and Clinical Practice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:689-703. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy D'Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhananjaya Saranath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai, India
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25
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Sisinni L, Maddalena F, Condelli V, Pannone G, Simeon V, Li Bergolis V, Lopes E, Piscazzi A, Matassa DS, Mazzoccoli C, Nozza F, Lettini G, Amoroso MR, Bufo P, Esposito F, Landriscina M. TRAP1 controls cell cycle G2-M transition through the regulation of CDK1 and MAD2 expression/ubiquitination. J Pathol 2017; 243:123-134. [PMID: 28678347 DOI: 10.1002/path.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of tumour cell proliferation by molecular chaperones is still a complex issue. Here, the role of the HSP90 molecular chaperone TRAP1 in cell cycle regulation was investigated in a wide range of human breast, colorectal, and lung carcinoma cell lines, and tumour specimens. TRAP1 modulates the expression and/or the ubiquitination of key cell cycle regulators through a dual mechanism: (i) transcriptional regulation of CDK1, CYCLIN B1, and MAD2, as suggested by gene expression profiling of TRAP1-silenced breast carcinoma cells; and (ii) post-transcriptional quality control of CDK1 and MAD2, being the ubiquitination of these two proteins enhanced upon TRAP1 down-regulation. Mechanistically, TRAP1 quality control on CDK1 is crucial for its regulation of mitotic entry, since TRAP1 interacts with CDK1 and prevents CDK1 ubiquitination in cooperation with the proteasome regulatory particle TBP7, this representing the limiting factor in TRAP1 regulation of the G2-M transition. Indeed, TRAP1 silencing results in enhanced CDK1 ubiquitination, lack of nuclear translocation of CDK1/cyclin B1 complex, and increased MAD2 degradation, whereas CDK1 forced up-regulation partially rescues low cyclin B1 and MAD2 levels and G2-M transit in a TRAP1-poor background. Consistently, the CDK1 inhibitor RO-3306 is less active in a TRAP1-high background. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between TRAP1 and Ki67, CDK1 and/or MAD2 expression in breast, colorectal, and lung human tumour specimens. This study represents the first evidence that TRAP1 is relevant in the control of the complex machinery that governs cell cycle progression and mitotic entry and provides a strong rationale to regard TRAP1 as a biomarker to select tumours with deregulated cell cycle progression and thus likely poorly responsive to novel cell cycle inhibitors. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Sisinni
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Francesca Maddalena
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Valentina Condelli
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Valeria Li Bergolis
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Elvira Lopes
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Annamaria Piscazzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Danilo Swann Matassa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Filomena Nozza
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lettini
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Amoroso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Bufo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Franca Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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26
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Theocharis S, Giaginis C, Dana E, Thymara I, Rodriguez J, Patsouris E, Klijanienko J. Phosphorylated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression Is Associated With Clinicopathologic Parameters and Patient Survival in Mobile Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75:632-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Lin YM, Kuo WW, Velmurugan BK, Hsien HH, Hsieh YL, Hsu HH, Tu CC, Bau DT, Viswanadha VP, Huang CY. Helioxanthin suppresses the cross talk of COX-2/PGE2 and EGFR/ERK pathway to inhibit Arecoline-induced Oral Cancer Cell (T28) proliferation and blocks tumor growth in xenografted nude mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:2045-2056. [PMID: 26464283 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Helioxanthin, an active compound from Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata, has been shown to have various biological activities. However, their anticancer effect in oral squamous cell carcinoma has not been well established yet. Helioxanthin inhibited the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing G2/M phase arrest. Similarly, helioxanthin inhibited cyclooxygenase-2, (COX-2), phosphorylated EGFR, and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK) protein level and further reduced the nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR) and activator protein-1(AP-1) family protein, c-fos. Moreover, helioxanthin at the dose of 20 and 30 mg kg-1 for 15 days reduced the tumor growth in animal model. This study demonstrated that Helioxanthin exerts its anticancer activity against oral cancer cells by downregulating EGFR/ERK/c-fos signaling pathway to inhibit COX-2 level and by activating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p27) to further induce G2/M cell cycle arrest. This helioxanthin may serve as a novel candidate for oral cancer prevention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 2045-2056, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hau-Hsueh Hsien
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - You-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chou Tu
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Somarriva C, Fernández A, Candia J, Campos J, Albers D, Briceño J. Dysregulation and detection methods of EGFR in oral cancer. A narrative review. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2016.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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29
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Hou X, Du Y, Deng Y, Wu J, Cao G. Sleeping Beauty transposon system for genetic etiological research and gene therapy of cancers. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:8-16. [PMID: 25455252 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.986944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is etiologically associated with somatic mutations of critical genes. Recently, a number of somatic mutations and key molecules have been found to be involved in functional networks affecting cancer progression. Suitable animal models are required to validate cancer-promoting or -inhibiting capacities of these mutants and molecules. Sleeping Beauty transposon system consists of a transposon that carries gene(s) of interest and a transposase that recognizes, excises, and reinserts genes in given location of the genome. It can create both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations, thus being frequently chosen to investigate the etiological mechanisms and gene therapy for cancers in animal models. In this review, we summarized current advances of Sleeping Beauty transposon system in revealing molecular mechanism of cancers and improving gene therapy. Understanding molecular mechanisms by which driver mutations contribute to carcinogenesis and metastasis may pave the way for the development of innovative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against malignant diseases.
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Key Words
- 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- Alb-Cre, Albumin promoter-Cre
- CAG promoter, CMV enhancer/chicken β-actin promoter
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CIS, common insertion site
- CMV, chimeric cytomegalovirus
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- Cre, cyclization recombination enzyme
- DDE, Asp, Asp, Glu
- DMBA/TPA
- DR, direct orientation
- Fah, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase gene
- GWAS, gnome wide analysis study
- HBV, Hepatitis B Virus
- HBx, HBV X protein
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IRs, inverted repeat sequences
- LsL, loxP-stop-loxP
- MPNSTs, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
- MSCV, murine stem cell virus
- PAI, Pro, Ala, Ile
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- RED, Arg, Glu, Asp
- RosaSBaseLsL, Cre-inducible SBase allele
- Rtl1, Retrotransposon-like 1
- SB, Sleeping Beauty
- SBase, Sleeping Beauty transposase
- Sleeping Beauty transposon system
- StatinAE, angiostatin-endostatin fusion gene
- Trp53, transformation related protein 53
- animal model
- driver
- gene function
- gene therapy
- malignant diseases
- sgRNA, single guide RNA
- shp53, short hairpin RNA against the Trp53 gene
- somatic mutation
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Hou
- a Department of Epidemiology ; Second Military Medical University ; Shanghai , China
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30
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Efficacy of an EGFR-specific peptide against EGFR-dependent cancer cell lines and tumor xenografts. Neoplasia 2014; 16:105-14. [PMID: 24709418 DOI: 10.1593/neo.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently synthesized a peptide called Disruptin, which comprised the SVDNPHVC segment of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that inhibits binding of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) to the EGFR and EGF-dependent EGFR dimerization to cause EGFR degradation. The effect is specific for EGFR versus other Hsp90 client proteins [Ahsan et al.: (2013). Destabilization of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by a peptide that inhibits EGFR binding to heat shock protein 90 and receptor dimerization. J Biol Chem288, 26879-26886]. Here, we show that Disruptin decreases the clonogenicity of a variety of EGFR-dependent cancer cells in culture but not of EGFR-independent cancer or noncancerous cells. The selectivity of Disruptin toward EGFR-driven cancer cells is due to the high level of EGF stimulation of EGFR in EGFR-dependent tumor cells relative to normal cells. When administered by intraperitoneal injection into nude mice bearing EGFR-driven human tumor xenografts, Disruptin causes extensive degradation of EGFR in the tumor but not in adjacent host tissue. Disruptin markedly inhibits the growth of EGFR-driven tumors without producing the major toxicities caused by the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin or by cisplatin. These findings provide proof of concept for development of a new Disruptin-like class of antitumor drugs that are directed specifically against EGFR-driven tumors.
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31
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Zhen L, Fan D, Yi X, Cao X, Chen D, Wang L. Curcumin inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion via EGFR signaling pathways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:6438-6446. [PMID: 25400722 PMCID: PMC4230161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an effective molecular target of anti-cancer therapies. Curcumin is known to inhibit growth, invasion and metastasis by downregulating EGFR expression in some cancer cells. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of curcumin in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of curcumin on proliferation and invasion in SCC-25 cell line. We also explored the effect of curcumin on the activition of EGFR and its downstream signaling molecules Akt, ERK1/2 and STAT3. Furthermore, we examined the inhibition effect of curcumin on EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation and SCC-25 cells invasion. Our results showed that curcumin inhibited SCC-25 cells proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin also inhibited SCC-25 cells invasion and downregulated MMP-2, MMP-9, uPA and uPAR expression. We further revealed that curcumin regulated the p-EGFR and EGFR downstream signaling molecules including Akt, ERK1/2 and STAT3. Finally, our data showed that crucumin reduced the EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and suppressed EGF-triggered SCC-25 cells invasion. Taken together, our results suggest that curcumin reduced SCC-25 cells proliferation and invasion through inhibiting the phosphorylation of EGFR and EGFR downstream signaling molecules Akt, ERK1/2 and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Stomatological Disease CenterShanghai 200001, China
| | - Desheng Fan
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200065, China
| | - Xianghua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200065, China
| | - Xinming Cao
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Stomatological Disease CenterShanghai 200001, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Stomatological Disease CenterShanghai 200001, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Stomatological Disease CenterShanghai 200001, China
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32
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Williams KC, McNeilly RE, Coppolino MG. SNAP23, Syntaxin4, and vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7) mediate trafficking of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) during invadopodium formation and tumor cell invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2061-70. [PMID: 24807903 PMCID: PMC4072579 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-10-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SNAREs SNAP23, Syntaxin4, and VAMP7 associate to target the delivery of MT1-MMP to sites of invadopodium formation in breast tumor cells. The interaction of these SNAREs correlates with decreased phosphorylation of Syntaxin4. The targeted delivery of MT1-MMP is required for efficient ECM degradation and cell invasion. Movement through the extracellular matrix (ECM) requires cells to degrade ECM components, primarily through the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Membrane type 1–matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has an essential role in matrix degradation and cell invasion and localizes to subcellular degradative structures termed invadopodia. Trafficking of MT1-MMP to invadopodia is required for the function of these structures, and here we examine the role of N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor–activating protein receptor (SNARE)–mediated membrane traffic in the transport of MT1-MMP to invadopodia. During invadopodium formation in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, increased association of SNAP23, Syntaxin4, and vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7) is detected by coimmunoprecipitation. Blocking the function of these SNAREs perturbs invadopodium-based ECM degradation and cell invasion. Increased level of SNAP23-Syntaxin4-VAMP7 interaction correlates with decreased Syntaxin4 phosphorylation. These results reveal an important role for SNARE-regulated trafficking of MT1-MMP to invadopodia during cellular invasion of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rachael E McNeilly
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marc G Coppolino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Williams KC, Coppolino MG. SNARE-dependent interaction of Src, EGFR and β1 integrin regulates invadopodia formation and tumor cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1712-25. [PMID: 24496451 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.134734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of an invasive phenotype is prerequisite for tumor metastasis. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and subsequent invasion by tumor cells, is mediated, in part, through subcellular structures called invadopodia. Src-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangements are required to form invadopodia, and here we identify an association between Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and β1 integrin that facilitates invadopodia formation. The association of Src, EGFR and β1 integrin is dependent upon membrane traffic that is mediated by syntaxin13 (officially known as STX12) and SNAP23; a similar dependence on these two SNARE proteins was observed for invadopodium-based matrix degradation and cell invasion. Inhibition of SNARE function impaired the delivery of Src and EGFR to developing invadopodia, as well as the β1-integrin-dependent activation of Src and phosphorylation of EGFR on Tyr residue 845. We also identified an association between SNAP23 and β1 integrin, and inhibition of β1 integrin increased this association, whereas the interaction between syntaxin13 and SNAP23 was reduced. The results suggest that SNARE-dependent trafficking is regulated, in part, by β1 integrin and is required for the delivery of Src and EGFR to sites of invadopodia formation in order to support tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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34
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Beta-catenin and epithelial tumors: a study based on 374 oropharyngeal cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:948264. [PMID: 24511551 PMCID: PMC3912883 DOI: 10.1155/2014/948264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Although altered regulation of the Wnt pathway via beta-catenin is a frequent event in several human cancers, its potential implications in oral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC/OPSCC) are largely unexplored. Work purpose was to define association between beta-catenin expression and clinical-pathological parameters in 374 OSCCs/OP-SCCs by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Materials and Methods. Association between IHC detected patterns of protein expression and clinical-pathological parameters was assessed by statistical analysis and survival rates by Kaplan-Meier curves. Beta-catenin expression was also investigated in OSCC cell lines by Real-Time PCR. An additional analysis of the DNA content was performed on 22 representative OSCCs/OPSCCs by DNA-image-cytometric analysis. Results and Discussion. All carcinomas exhibited significant alterations of beta-catenin expression (P < 0.05). Beta-catenin protein was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of cancerous cells and only focal nuclear positivity was observed. Higher cytoplasmic expression correlated significantly with poor histological differentiation, advanced stage, and worst patient outcome (P < 0.05). By Real-Time PCR significant increase of beta-catenin mRNA was detected in OSCC cell lines and in 45% of surgical specimens. DNA ploidy study demonstrated high levels of aneuploidy in beta-catenin overexpressing carcinomas. Conclusions. This is the largest study reporting significant association between beta-catenin expression and clinical-pathological factors in patients with OSCCs/OPSCCs.
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35
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Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the anticancer effect of erlotinib in a human non-small cell lung cancer xenograft mouse model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1427-36. [PMID: 24096601 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Erlotinib is used to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which targets epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between erlotinib plasma concentrations and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) levels, as well as the relationship between pEGFR levels and tumor growth inhibition in a human non-small-cell lung cancer xenograft mouse model. METHODS Female BALB/c nude mice were implanted with the human NSCLC cell line SPC-A-1. The animals were given via gavage a single dose of erlotinib (4, 12.5, or 50 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetics of erlotinib was determined using LC-MS/MS. Tumor volume and pEGFR levels in tumor tissues were measured at different time points after erlotinib administration. The levels of pEGFR in tumor tissues was detected using Western blotting and ELISA assays. RESULTS The pharmacokinetics of erlotinib was described by a two-compartment model with first order extravascular absorption kinetics. There was a time delay of approximately 2 h between erlotinib plasma concentrations and pEGFR degradation. The time course of pEGFR degradation was reasonably fit by the indirect response model with a calculated IC50 value of 1.80 μg/mL. The relationship between pEGFR levels and tumor volume was characterized by the integrated model with a Kbio value of 0.507 cm(3)/week, which described the impact of pEGFR degradation on tumor growth. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of erlotinib in a human tumor xenograft model were described by the indirect response model and integrated model, which will be helpful in understanding the detailed processes of erlotinib activity and determining an appropriate dosing regimen in clinical studies.
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Dai W, Li Y, Zhou Q, Xu Z, Sun C, Tan X, Lu L. Cetuximab inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis via degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:250-7. [PMID: 24020947 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab (Erbitux, C225) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), inhibiting tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of Cetuximab in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. Here, we report that Cetuximab modulates EGFR protein stability through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, resulting in the inhibition of human OSCC growth. Cetuximab significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of human OSCC cells by blocking epithelial/mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the AKT and ERK pathways. Furthermore, Cetuximab-inhibited cell growth by modulating the expression of integrin β5. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the mechanism of Cetuximab action and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Di Lorenzo G, Perdonà S, Buonerba C, Sonpavde G, Gigantino V, Pannone G, Quarto G, Ferro M, Gaudioso G, Terracciano D, Di Trolio R, Rescigno P, Botti G, De Placido S, Facchini G, Ascierto PA, Franco R. Cytosolic phosphorylated EGFR is predictive of recurrence in early stage penile cancer patients: a retropective study. J Transl Med 2013; 11:161. [PMID: 23819610 PMCID: PMC3717121 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Penile cancer (PC) is a rare tumor, and therapeutic options are limited for this disease, with an overall 5-year overall survival around 65-70%. Adjuvant therapy is not recommended for patients with N0-1 disease, despite up to 60% of these patients will die within 5 years from diagnosis. Methods Medical records of all patients who underwent radical surgery at University Federico II of Naples and at National Tumor Institute “Pascale” of Naples for early squamous cell carcinoma of the penis from January, 2000 to December, 2011 were retrieved. Paraffin wax embedded tissue specimens were retrieved from the pathology archives of the participating Institutions for all patients. Expression of p-EGFR, EGFR and positivity to HPV were evaluated along with other histological variables of interest. Demographic data of eligible patients were retrieved along with clinical characteristics such as type of surgical operation, time of follow up, time of recurrence, overall survival. A multivariable model was constructed using a forward stepwise selection procedure. Results Thirty eligible patients were identified. All patients were positive for EGFR by immunohistochemistry, while 13 and 16 were respectively positive for nuclear and cytosolic p-EGFR. No EGFR amplification was detected by FISH. Eight patients were positive for high-risk HPV by ISH. On univariable analysis, corpora cavernosa infiltration (OR 7.8; 95% CI = 0,8 to 75,6; P = 0,039) and positivity for cytosolic p-EGFR (OR 7.6; 95% CI =1.49 to 50; P = 0.009) were predictive for recurrence, while only positivity for cytosolic p-EGFR (HR =9.0; 95% CI 1.0-100; P = 0,0116) was prognostic for poor survival. Conclusion It is of primary importance to identify patients with N0-1 disease who are at increased risk of recurrence, as they do not normally receive any adjuvant therapy. Expression of p-EGFR was found in this series to be strongly related to increase risk of recurrence and shorter overall survival. This finding is consistent with the role of p-EGFR in other solid malignancies. Integration of p-EGFR with classic prognostic factors and other histology markers should be pursued to establish optimal adjuvant therapy for N0-1 PC patients.
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Cellular functions regulated by phosphorylation of EGFR on Tyr845. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10761-90. [PMID: 23702846 PMCID: PMC3709701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140610761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src gene product (Src) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are prototypes of oncogene products and function primarily as a cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinase and a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, respectively. The identification of Src and EGFR, and the subsequent extensive investigations of these proteins have long provided cutting edge research in cancer and other molecular and cellular biological studies. In 1995, we reported that the human epidermoid carcinoma cells, A431, contain a small fraction of Src and EGFR in which these two kinase were in physical association with each other, and that Src phosphorylates EGFR on tyrosine 845 (Y845) in the Src-EGFR complex. Y845 of EGFR is located in the activation segment of the kinase domain, where many protein kinases contain kinase-activating autophosphorylation sites (e.g., cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Src family kinases, transmembrane receptor type tyrosine kinases) or trans-phosphorylation sites (e.g., cyclin-dependent protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt protein kinase). A number of studies have demonstrated that Y845 phosphorylation serves an important role in cancer as well as normal cells. Here we compile the experimental facts involving Src phosphorylation of EGFR on Y845, by which cell proliferation, cell cycle control, mitochondrial regulation of cell metabolism, gamete activation and other cellular functions are regulated. We also discuss the physiological relevance, as well as structural insights of the Y845 phosphorylation.
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Monteiro L, Ricardo S, Delgado M, Garcez F, do Amaral B, Lopes C. Phosphorylated EGFR at tyrosine 1173 correlates with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Dis 2013; 20:178-85. [PMID: 23464360 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). We examined their utility as prognostic markers by relating to clinicopathological characteristics and the clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed 74 primary OSCC and examined immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and pEGFR (phosphorylated at tyrosine 1173) using tissue microarray technology. Their role in survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models. RESULTS Epidermal growth factor receptor expression was observed in all cases, and pEGFR expression was observed in 41.1% of the cases. We found a significant correlation between EGFR and pEGFR expression (P = 0.003). In the multivariable analysis for cause-specific survival, we found an independent prognostic value for pEGFR expression (HR 7.94, 95% CI 2.03-31.06, P = 0.003) and for clinical stage (HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.10-7.53, P = 0.031). For recurrence-free survival, clinical stage (HR 6.59, 95% CI 1.36-31.90, P = 0.019) and tumour grade (HR 3.35, 95% CI 1.07-10.44, P = 0.037) presented independent prognostic value. CONCLUSION Epidermal growth factor receptor is highly expressed in OSCC and is phosphorylated in more than one-third of the cases. The independent value of pEGFR expression in cause-specific survival of OSCC suggests that this marker may serve as reliable biological marker to identify high-risk subgroups and to guide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ls Monteiro
- Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Dental Sciences Group - Health Sciences Research Centre, Higher Institute of Health Sciences (ISCSN), CESPU, Paredes, Portugal
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