1
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Ghazanfari N, van Waarde A, Dierckx RAJO, Doorduin J, de Vries EFJ. Is cyclooxygenase-1 involved in neuroinflammation? J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2976-2998. [PMID: 34346520 PMCID: PMC9542093 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Reactive microglia are an important hallmark of neuroinflammation. Reactive microglia release various inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins, which are produced by enzymes like cyclooxygenases (COX). The inducible COX‐2 subtype has been associated with inflammation, whereas the constitutively expressed COX‐1 subtype is generally considered as a housekeeping enzyme. However, recent evidence suggests that COX‐1 can also be upregulated and may play a prominent role in the brain during neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize the evidence that supports this involvement of COX‐1. Methods: Five databases were used to retrieve relevant studies that addressed COX‐1 in the context of neuroinflammation. The search resulted in 32 articles, describing in vitro, in vivo, post mortem, and in vivo imaging studies that specifically investigated the COX‐1 isoform under such conditions. Results: Reviewed literature generally indicated that the overexpression of COX‐1 was induced by an inflammatory stimulus, which resulted in an increased production of prostaglandin E2. The pharmacological inhibition of COX‐1 was shown to suppress the induction of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandin E2. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in animal models confirmed the overexpression of COX‐1 during neuroinflammation. The same imaging method, however, could not detect any upregulation of COX‐1 in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: Taken together, studies in cultured cells and living rodents suggest that COX‐1 is involved in neuroinflammation. Most postmortem studies on human brains indicate that the concentration of COX‐1‐expressing microglial cells is increased near sites of inflammation. However, evidence for the involvement of COX‐1 in neuroinflammation in the living human brain is still largely lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Ghazanfari
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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2
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Aidoud N, Delplanque B, Baudry C, Garcia C, Moyon A, Balasse L, Guillet B, Antona C, Darmaun D, Fraser K, Ndiaye S, Leruyet P, Martin JC. A combination of lipidomics, MS imaging, and PET scan imaging reveals differences in cerebral activity in rat pups according to the lipid quality of infant formulas. FASEB J 2018; 32:4776-4790. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800034r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nacima Aidoud
- Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire et Nutritionnelle (C2VN)INSERMInstitut National de la Recherche Agricole (INRA)BioMetMarseilleFrance
| | - Bernadette Delplanque
- Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Moléculaire de la Prise Alimentaire (NMPA)Centre de Neurosciences Université Paris-Sud (CNPS)OrsayFrance
| | | | - Cyrielle Garcia
- Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire et Nutritionnelle (C2VN)INSERMInstitut National de la Recherche Agricole (INRA)BioMetMarseilleFrance
| | - Anais Moyon
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED)Université d'Aix-MarseilleMarseilleFrance
| | - Laure Balasse
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED)Université d'Aix-MarseilleMarseilleFrance
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale (CERIMED)Université d'Aix-MarseilleMarseilleFrance
| | - Claudine Antona
- Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire et Nutritionnelle (C2VN)INSERMInstitut National de la Recherche Agricole (INRA)BioMetMarseilleFrance
| | - Dominique Darmaun
- INRAPhysiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PHAN)Université de NantesNantesFrance
- Thermo Fisher ScientificCourtaboeufFrance
| | - Karl Fraser
- Food Nutrition and Health TeamFood and Bio-Based Products GroupAgResearch Grasslands Research CentreRiddet InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Sega Ndiaye
- INRAPhysiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PHAN)Université de NantesNantesFrance
- Thermo Fisher ScientificCourtaboeufFrance
| | | | - Jean-Charles Martin
- Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire et Nutritionnelle (C2VN)INSERMInstitut National de la Recherche Agricole (INRA)BioMetMarseilleFrance
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3
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Neuroinflammation and physical exercise as modulators of adult hippocampal neural precursor cell behavior. Rev Neurosci 2017; 29:1-20. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a plastic structure where adult neurogenesis constitutively occurs. Cell components of the neurogenic niche are source of paracrine as well as membrane-bound factors such as Notch, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Wnts, Sonic Hedgehog, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cell fate decision. The integration and coordinated action of multiple extrinsic and intrinsic cues drive a continuous decision process: if adult neural stem cells remain quiescent or proliferate, if they take a neuronal or a glial lineage, and if new cells proliferate, undergo apoptotic death, or survive. The proper balance in the molecular milieu of this neurogenic niche leads to the production of neurons in a higher rate as that of astrocytes. But this rate changes in face of microenvironment modifications as those driven by physical exercise or with neuroinflammation. In this work, we first review the cellular and molecular components of the subgranular zone, focusing on the molecules, active signaling pathways and genetic programs that maintain quiescence, induce proliferation, or promote differentiation. We then summarize the evidence regarding the role of neuroinflammation and physical exercise in the modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis with emphasis on the activation of progression from adult neural stem cells to lineage-committed progenitors to their progeny mainly in murine models.
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4
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Vitale P, Panella A, Scilimati A, Perrone MG. COX-1 Inhibitors: Beyond Structure Toward Therapy. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:641-71. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vitale
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Bari “A. Moro”; 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Andrea Panella
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Bari “A. Moro”; 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Bari “A. Moro”; 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Bari “A. Moro”; 70125 Bari Italy
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5
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Sfera A, Cummings M, Osorio C. Non-Neuronal Acetylcholine: The Missing Link Between Sepsis, Cancer, and Delirium? Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:56. [PMID: 26347869 PMCID: PMC4543923 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between living organisms and the environment requires a balancing act between genomic and epigenomic forces. Inflammation and cellular proliferation are kept in check by the genes, which code for their components and the microRNAs, which are capable of silencing the transcription of these genes. Acetylcholine (ACh) may play a unique role in the maintenance of this equilibrium, as the epigenomic inhibition of the gene coding for nicotinic receptors, and disinhibits the gene causing anergia in immune cells. We hypothesize that age-induced ACh deficiency is the result of an epigenomic dysfunction of microRNA-6775 (miR-6775), which silences the transcription of CHRNA7 gene [coding for alpha 7 nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs)]. When silenced, this gene induces decreased expression of alpha 7 nAChRs, which may predispose elderly individuals to inflammation, neuroinflammation, and delirium. We hypothesize further that miR-6775-induced hypocholinergia augments the expression of RNF 128, the gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (GRAIL). This gene favors regulatory T cells (Tregs), promoters of immunologic tolerance, which may predispose to both cancer and sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital , Patton, CA , USA
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6
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Nam SM, Kim JW, Yoo DY, Choi JH, Kim W, Jung HY, Won MH, Hwang IK, Seong JK, Yoon YS. Comparison of pharmacological and genetic inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2: effects on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. J Vet Sci 2014; 16:245-51. [PMID: 25549214 PMCID: PMC4588009 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has received much attention because of its role in neuro-inflammation and synaptic plasticity. Even though COX-2 levels are high in healthy animals, the function of this factor in adult neurogenesis has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, we performed the present study to compare the effects of pharmacological and genetic inhibition of COX-2 on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Physiological saline or the same volume containing celecoxib was administered perorally every day for 5 weeks using a feeding needle. Compared to the control, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of COX-2 reduced the appearance of nestin-immunoreactive neural stem cells, Ki67-positive nuclei, and doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus. In addition, a decrease in phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) at Ser133 was observed. Compared to pharmacological inhibition, genetic inhibition of COX-2 resulted in significant reduction of neural stem cells, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation as well as pCREB levels. These results suggest that COX-2 is part of the molecular machinery that regulates neural stem cells, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis via pCREB. Additionally, genetic inhibition of COX-2 strongly reduced neural stem cell populations, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus compared to pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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7
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Wennström M, Janelidze S, Bay-Richter C, Minthon L, Brundin L. Pro-inflammatory cytokines reduce the proliferation of NG2 cells and increase shedding of NG2 in vivo and in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109387. [PMID: 25285951 PMCID: PMC4186831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron glial 2 (NG2) cells become strongly activated in injured brain areas. The activation is characterized by increased proliferation as well as increased expression and shedding of the proteoglycan NG2 expressed on their cell surface. It is currently not known how these cells respond to low-grade neuroinflammation provoked by systemic inflammation. To investigate this, we analyzed NG2 cell proliferation as well as soluble NG2 (sNG2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from rats treated with an acute intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or saline and sacrificed after 2 or 24 hours. The systemically induced neuroinflammation was confirmed as elevated levels of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and MHCII expressing microglia were found 24 h after LPS treatment. At this time point NG2 cell proliferation was significantly decreased in both amygdala and hippocampus and sNG2 levels in CSF were increased twofold. We also exposed human NG2 cells in culture to IL-6 and IL-1β for 24 h and found, in line with our in vivo study, a direct impact of these cytokines reducing cell proliferation and increasing shedding of NG2. We conclude that LPS induced systemic inflammation significantly affects NG2 cell proliferation and shedding and that these two events at least in in part are mediated by IL-6 and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Wennström
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Wallenberg Laboratory, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Wallenberg Laboratory, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilie Bay-Richter
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Wallenberg Laboratory, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Brundin
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
- Van Andel Research Institute, Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
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8
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Nemeth CL, Glasper ER, Harrell CS, Malviya SA, Otis JS, Neigh GN. Meloxicam blocks neuroinflammation, but not depressive-like behaviors, in HIV-1 transgenic female rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108399. [PMID: 25271421 PMCID: PMC4182732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comprise approximately 12% of the HIV-positive population worldwide. HIV-positive adolescents experience a higher rate of clinical depression, a greater risk of sexual and drug abuse behaviors, and a decreased adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART). Using adolescent HIV-1 transgenic rats (HIV-1 tg) that display related immune response alterations and pathologies, this study tested the hypothesis that developmental expression of HIV-1-related proteins induces a depressive-like phenotype that parallels a decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the hippocampus. Consistent with this hypothesis, adolescent HIV-1 tg rats demonstrated a depressive-like behavioral phenotype, had decreased levels of cell proliferation, and exhibited elevated expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (Mcp-1) in the hippocampus relative to controls. Subsequently, we tested the ability of meloxicam, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, to attenuate behavioral deficits via inflammatory mechanisms. Daily meloxicam treatments did not alter the behavioral profile despite effectively reducing hippocampal inflammatory gene expression. Together, these data support a biological basis for the co-morbid manifestation of depression in HIV-positive patients as early as in adolescence and suggest that modifications in behavior manifest independent of inflammatory activity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Nemeth
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Erica R. Glasper
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Constance S. Harrell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sanjana A. Malviya
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Otis
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gretchen N. Neigh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Radial Glia, the Keystone of the Development of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:131-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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LRRK2 and neuroinflammation: partners in crime in Parkinson's disease? J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:52. [PMID: 24655756 PMCID: PMC3994422 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that chronic inflammation is a prominent feature of several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Growing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation can contribute greatly to dopaminergic neuron degeneration and progression of the disease. Recent literature highlights that leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a kinase mutated in both autosomal-dominantly inherited and sporadic PD cases, modulates inflammation in response to different pathological stimuli. In this review, we outline the state of the art of LRRK2 functions in microglia cells and in neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of LRRK2 in cytoskeleton remodeling and vesicle trafficking in microglia cells under physiological and pathological conditions. We also hypothesize that LRRK2 mutations might sensitize microglia cells toward a pro-inflammatory state, which in turn results in exacerbated inflammation with consequent neurodegeneration.
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11
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The p66Shc gene paves the way for healthspan: Evolutionary and mechanistic perspectives. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:790-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Ormerod BK, Hanft SJ, Asokan A, Haditsch U, Lee SW, Palmer TD. PPARγ activation prevents impairments in spatial memory and neurogenesis following transient illness. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 29:28-38. [PMID: 23108061 PMCID: PMC3570721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of illness on cognition are familiar to virtually everyone. Some effects resolve quickly while others may linger after the illness resolves. We found that a transient immune response stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compromised hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. The immune event caused an ∼50% reduction in the number of neurons generated during the illness and the onset of the memory impairment was delayed and coincided with the time when neurons generated during the illness would have become functional within the hippocampus. Broad spectrum non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs attenuated these effects but selective Cox-2 inhibition was ineffective while PPARγ activation was surprisingly effective at protecting both neurogenesis and memory from the effects of LPS-produced transient illness. These data may highlight novel mechanisms behind chronic inflammatory and neuroinflammatory episodes that are known to compromise hippocampus-dependent forms of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi K. Ormerod
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKnight Brain Institute and Neuroscience Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Brandi K. Ormerod: J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1600 Center Drive, Room J296, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611, Phone: 352-273-8125, Fax: 352-273-9222, Or Dr. Theo D. Palmer, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lorey I Lokey Stem Cell Building, Rm1141, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305. Phone: 650-723-9306, Fax: 650-736-0936,
| | - Simon J. Hanft
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305
| | - Aditya Asokan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKnight Brain Institute and Neuroscience Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611
| | - Ursula Haditsch
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305
| | - Star W. Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305
| | - Theo D. Palmer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Brandi K. Ormerod: J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1600 Center Drive, Room J296, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611, Phone: 352-273-8125, Fax: 352-273-9222, Or Dr. Theo D. Palmer, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lorey I Lokey Stem Cell Building, Rm1141, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305. Phone: 650-723-9306, Fax: 650-736-0936,
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13
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Tweedie D, Rachmany L, Rubovitch V, Lehrmann E, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Perez E, Miller J, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH, Pick CG. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prevents mTBI-induced changes in hippocampus gene expression and memory deficits in mice. Exp Neurol 2012; 239:170-82. [PMID: 23059457 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global problem reaching near epidemic numbers that manifests clinically with cognitive problems that decades later may result in dementias like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presently, little can be done to prevent ensuing neurological dysfunctions by pharmacological means. Recently, it has become apparent that several CNS diseases share common terminal features of neuronal cell death. The effects of exendin-4 (Ex-4), a neuroprotective agent delivered via a subcutaneous micro-osmotic pump, were examined in the setting of mild TBI (mTBI). Utilizing a model of mTBI, where cognitive disturbances occur over time, animals were subjected to four treatments: sham; Ex-4; mTBI and Ex-4/mTBI. mTBI mice displayed deficits in novel object recognition, while Ex-4/mTBI mice performed similar to sham. Hippocampal gene expression, assessed by gene array methods, showed significant differences with little overlap in co-regulated genes between groups. Importantly, changes in gene expression induced by mTBI, including genes associated with AD were largely prevented by Ex-4. These data suggest a strong beneficial action of Ex-4 in managing secondary events induced by a traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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14
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Russo I, Caracciolo L, Tweedie D, Choi SH, Greig NH, Barlati S, Bosetti F. 3,6'-Dithiothalidomide, a new TNF-α synthesis inhibitor, attenuates the effect of Aβ1-42 intracerebroventricular injection on hippocampal neurogenesis and memory deficit. J Neurochem 2012; 122:1181-92. [PMID: 22731394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates altered neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases associated with inflammation, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation and its propagation have a critical role in the degeneration of hippocampal neurons, cognitive impairment, and altered neurogenesis. Particularly, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays a central role in initiating and regulating the cytokine cascade during an inflammatory response and is up-regulated in brain of AD patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel thalidomide-based TNF-α lowering drug, 3,6'-dithiothalidomide, on hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation, neurogenesis and, memory tasks after intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid (Aß)(1-42) peptide. Seven days after Aβ(1-42) injection, a significant proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells and memory impairment were evident. Four weeks after Aβ(1-42) peptide injection, elevated numbers of surviving 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine cells and newly formed neurons were detected. Treatment with 3,6'-dithiothalidomide attenuated these Aβ(1-42) provoked effects. Our data indicate that although treatment with 3,6'-dithiothalidomide in part attenuated the increase in hippocampal neurogenesis caused by Aβ(1-42) -induced neuroinflammation, the drug prevented memory deficits associated with increased numbers of activated microglial cells and inflammatory response. Therefore, 3,6'-dithiothalidomide treatment likely reduced neuronal tissue damage induced by neuroinflammation following Aβ(1-42) injection. Understanding the modulation of neurogenesis, and its relationship with memory function could open new therapeutic interventions for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Berry A, Amrein I, Nötzli S, Lazic SE, Bellisario V, Giorgio M, Pelicci PG, Alleva E, Lipp HP, Cirulli F. Sustained hippocampal neurogenesis in females is amplified in P66Shc−/−mice: An animal model of healthy aging. Hippocampus 2012; 22:2249-59. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Ekdahl CT. Microglial activation - tuning and pruning adult neurogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:41. [PMID: 22408626 PMCID: PMC3297835 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
NEW NEURONS ARE CONTINUOUSLY GENERATED IN TWO ADULT BRAIN REGIONS: the subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subependyma by the lateral ventricles, referred to as the neurogenic niches. During their development from neural stem cells to mature functionally integrated neurons numerous choices are made, such as proliferation or quiescence, cell survival or death, migration or establishment, growth or retraction of processes, synaptic assembly or pruning, or tuning of synaptic transmission. The process is altered by physiological stimuli as well as several brain diseases. Microglia are located within the neurogenic niches and have become interesting candidates for modulating neurogenesis in both the healthy and injured brain. They become activated by foreign antigens or changes in the brain homeostasis and transform this innate immunity into an adaptive immune response by recruiting systemic immune cells. Most studies report an acute decrease in the survival of new neurons following this classically activated microglia reaction. The long-term effects are more complex. In neurodegenerative diseases, microglial activation is more heterogeneous and the transformation from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and the deactivation of microglia is not well defined. The diversity is reflected by numerous reports describing both beneficial and detrimental effects on neurogenesis, primarily on the proliferation, survival, and cell fate. However, relatively few studies have investigated alterations at later stages of neurogenesis including the functional integration. Though likely, it is not established how a fine-tuned cross-talk between microglia and adult-born neurons would work and how it changes upon microglia activation. This review will therefore launch three hypotheses for how microglia might direct synaptic integration of newborn neurons, currently a fast expanding research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Ekdahl
- Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital Lund, Sweden
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Deng XH, Ai WM, Lei DL, Luo XG, Yan XX, Li Z. Lipopolysaccharide induces paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) expression, synaptic alteration, and learning-memory deficit in rats. Neuroscience 2012; 209:161-70. [PMID: 22395112 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some typical immune proteins are expressed in the nervous system, among which the paired-immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) is a receptor for major histocompatibility complex class I antigen (MHC-I), but may play a physiological role in the brain for neuronal circuitry stability by inhibiting synaptic plasticity. Chronic neuroinflammation is common to many neurodegenerative diseases and is often associated with neuronal/synaptic damage and dysfunction. Here we examined the expression of PirB in the rat brain following intracerebral application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which has been shown to induce proinflammatory changes and cognitive deficits in rodents. One month after unilateral intrahippocampal LPS injection (10 μg in 4 μl phosphate-buffered saline, PBS), increased protein levels and immunoreactivity of PirB were detected in the ipsilateral hippocampal formation and cortex of the experimental group relative to vehicle (PBS) control. The increased PirB labeling was localized to astrocytes and neurons. Reduced synaptophysin protein levels and immunoreactivity were also found in the ipsilateral hippocampal formation and cortex in LPS-treated rats relative to controls. Morris water maze tests indicated that hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory were impaired in LPS-treated animals. Our findings add new experimental data for an upregulation of immune proteins in neuronal and glial cells in the brain in a model of endotoxin-induced neuroinflammation, synaptic alteration, and cognitive decline. The results suggest that PirB modulation may be involved in the pathological process under neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-H Deng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University, Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
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Pluchino S, Alfaro-Cervello C. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 takes control of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:3229. [PMID: 21957491 PMCID: PMC4578243 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.19.17079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pluchino
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and Stem Cell Initiative, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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