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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Jiang L, Shi X, Cheng G. Microbial interactions shaping host attractiveness: insights into dynamic behavioral relationships. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 66:101275. [PMID: 39332621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Insects discern the presence of hosts (host plants) by integrating chemosensory, gustatory, and visual cues, with olfaction playing a pivotal role in this process. Among these factors, volatile signals produced by host-associated microbial communities significantly affect insect attraction. Microorganisms are widely and abundantly found on the surfaces of humans, plants, and insects. Notably, these microorganisms can metabolize compounds from the host surface and regulate the production of characteristic volatiles, which may guide the use of host microorganisms to modulate insect behavior. Essentially, the attraction of hosts to insects is intricately linked to the presence of their symbiotic microorganisms. This review underscores the critical role of microorganisms in shaping the dynamics of attractiveness between insects and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Yibaina Wang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China; Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China.
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Joly-Kukla C, Stachurski F, Duhayon M, Galon C, Moutailler S, Pollet T. Temporal dynamics of the Hyalomma marginatum-borne pathogens in southern France. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2024; 6:100213. [PMID: 39399650 PMCID: PMC11470478 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal scales have a clear influence on microbial community distribution and diversity and should thus be applied to study the dynamics of microorganisms. The invasive tick species Hyalomma marginatum has recently become established in southern France. It may carry pathogens of medical and veterinary interest including the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Theileria equi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Pathogenic communities of H. marginatum have been identified and their spatial distribution characterized, but their temporal dynamics remain unknown. Hyalomma marginatum ticks were collected from hosts at monthly intervals from February to September 2022 in a site in southern France to study their presence and temporal dynamics. Of the 281 ticks analysed, we detected pathogens including R. aeschlimannii, Anaplasma spp. and T. equi with infection rates reaching 47.0%, 4.6% and 11.0%, respectively. A total of 14.6% of ticks were infected with at least Theileria or Anaplasma, with monthly fluctuations ranging from 2.9% to 28.6%. Strong temporal patterns were observed for each pathogen detected, particularly for R. aeschlimannii, whose infection rates increased dramatically at the beginning of summer, correlated with monthly mean temperatures at the site. Based on these results, we hypothesise that R. aeschlimannii may be a secondary symbiont of H. marginatum and could be involved in the stress response to temperature increase and mediate thermal tolerance of H. marginatum. Analysis of monthly and seasonal fluctuations in pathogens transmitted by H. marginatum led us to conclude that the risk of infection is low but persists throughout the period of H. marginatum activity, with a notable increase in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Joly-Kukla
- UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Frédéric Stachurski
- UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime Duhayon
- UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Clémence Galon
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sara Moutailler
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Pollet
- UMR ASTRE, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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Grundmann CO, Guzman J, Vilcinskas A, Pupo MT. The insect microbiome is a vast source of bioactive small molecules. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:935-967. [PMID: 38411238 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00054k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Covering: September 1964 to June 2023Bacteria and fungi living in symbiosis with insects have been studied over the last sixty years and found to be important sources of bioactive natural products. Not only classic producers of secondary metabolites such as Streptomyces and other members of the phylum Actinobacteria but also numerous bacteria from the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and an impressive array of fungi (usually pathogenic) serve as the source of a structurally diverse number of small molecules with important biological activities including antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antiparasitic and specific enzyme inhibitors. The insect niche is often the exclusive provider of microbes producing unique types of biologically active compounds such as gerumycins, pederin, dinactin, and formicamycins. However, numerous insects still have not been described taxonomically, and in most cases, the study of their microbiota is completely unexplored. In this review, we present a comprehensive survey of 553 natural products produced by microorganisms isolated from insects by collating and classifying all the data according to the type of compound (rather than the insect or microbial source). The analysis of the correlations among the metadata related to insects, microbial partners, and their produced compounds provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics between insects and their symbionts as well as the impact of their metabolites on these relationships. Herein, we focus on the chemical structure, biosynthesis, and biological activities of the most relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Guzman
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mônica Tallarico Pupo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Shamjana U, Vasu DA, Hembrom PS, Nayak K, Grace T. The role of insect gut microbiota in host fitness, detoxification and nutrient supplementation. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:71. [PMID: 38668783 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Insects are incredibly diverse, ubiquitous and have successfully flourished out of the dynamic and often unpredictable nature of evolutionary processes. The resident microbiome has accompanied the physical and biological adaptations that enable their continued survival and proliferation in a wide array of environments. The host insect and microbiome's bidirectional relationship exhibits their capability to influence each other's physiology, behavior and characteristics. Insects are reported to rely directly on the microbial community to break down complex food, adapt to nutrient-deficit environments, protect themselves from natural adversaries and control the expression of social behavior. High-throughput metagenomic approaches have enhanced the potential for determining the abundance, composition, diversity and functional activities of microbial fauna associated with insect hosts, enabling in-depth investigation into insect-microbe interactions. We undertook a review of some of the major advances in the field of metagenomics, focusing on insect-microbe interaction, diversity and composition of resident microbiota, the functional capability of endosymbionts and discussions on different symbiotic relationships. The review aims to be a valuable resource on insect gut symbiotic microbiota by providing a comprehensive understanding of how insect gut symbionts systematically perform a range of functions, viz., insecticide degradation, nutritional support and immune fitness. A thorough understanding of manipulating specific gut symbionts may aid in developing advanced insect-associated research to attain health and design strategies for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Shamjana
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Deepa Azhchath Vasu
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Preety Sweta Hembrom
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Karunakar Nayak
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Tony Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India.
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Ravigné V, Rodrigues LR, Charlery de la Masselière M, Facon B, Kuczyński L, Radwan J, Skoracka A, Magalhães S. Understanding the joint evolution of dispersal and host specialisation using phytophagous arthropods as a model group. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:219-237. [PMID: 37724465 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Theory generally predicts that host specialisation and dispersal should evolve jointly. Indeed, many models predict that specialists should be poor dispersers to avoid landing on unsuitable hosts while generalists will have high dispersal abilities. Phytophagous arthropods are an excellent group to test this prediction, given extensive variation in their host range and dispersal abilities. Here, we explore the degree to which the empirical literature on this group is in accordance with theoretical predictions. We first briefly outline the theoretical reasons to expect such a correlation. We then report empirical studies that measured both dispersal and the degree of specialisation in phytophagous arthropods. We find a correlation between dispersal and levels of specialisation in some studies, but with wide variation in this result. We then review theoretical attributes of species and environment that may blur this correlation, namely environmental grain, temporal heterogeneity, habitat selection, genetic architecture, and coevolution between plants and herbivores. We argue that theoretical models fail to account for important aspects, such as phenotypic plasticity and the impact of selective forces stemming from other biotic interactions, on both dispersal and specialisation. Next, we review empirical caveats in the study of this interplay. We find that studies use different measures of both dispersal and specialisation, hampering comparisons. Moreover, several studies do not provide independent measures of these two traits. Finally, variation in these traits may occur at scales that are not being considered. We conclude that this correlation is likely not to be expected from large-scale comparative analyses as it is highly context dependent and should not be considered in isolation from the factors that modulate it, such as environmental scale and heterogeneity, intrinsic traits or biotic interactions. A stronger crosstalk between theoretical and empirical studies is needed to understand better the prevalence and basis of the correlation between dispersal and specialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Ravigné
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, - PHIM, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, TA A-120/K, Campus international de Baillarguet, avenue du Campus d'Agropolis, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34398, France
| | - Leonor R Rodrigues
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, edifício C2, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Maud Charlery de la Masselière
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, edifício C2, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Benoît Facon
- CBGP, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 34988, Montferrier sur Lez cedex, 30016, France
| | - Lechosław Kuczyński
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Population Ecology Lab, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, edifício C2, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
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Di T, Li Y, Du G, He Y, Wang W, Shen Y, Meng J, Xiao W, Xiao G, Chen B. Mechanism of the Change in the Intestinal Microbiota of C-Strain Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) after an Interspecific Transference between Rice and Corn. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2514. [PMID: 37894172 PMCID: PMC10608952 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was first found in 2019 in Yunnan, China, and it was characterized as a corn strain; it was also found on rice strains there, and it damages rice in China, but little is known about the effect of host plant transfer on the intestinal microbiota and the activities of detoxification enzymes in the C-strain (corn strain) S. frugiperda. The intestinal microbiota and the protective enzyme activity of S. frugiperda that were transferred from rice plants were assessed, and the fourth generation of insects transferred from corn were studied; the gene types of S. frugiperda that were transferred from rice plants were tested using mitochondrial Tpi gene sequences. The results showed that the intestinal microbiota in the C-strain S. frugiperda were changed after the host transference, and the diversity and richness of the intestinal bacterial communities of the S. frugiperda feeding on rice were significantly reduced after the transfer of the host from corn. The predominant species of intestinal bacteria of the S. frugiperda on rice transferred from corn were Enterococcus and Enterobacter, with relative abundances of 28.7% and 66.68%; the predominant species of intestinal bacteria of the S. frugiperda that were transferred from rice and feeding on corn were Enterococcus (22.35%) and Erysipelatoclostridium (73.92%); and the predominant species of intestinal bacteria of S. frugiperda feeding on corn was Enterococcus, with a relative abundance of 61.26%. The CAT (catalase) activity of the S. frugiperda transferred from corn onto rice from corn was reduced, the POD (peroxidase) activity was significantly increased after the transfer from corn, and no significant variations were found for the SOD (superoxide dismutase), CarE (carboxylesterase), and GST (glutathione S-transferase) activities of S. frugiperda after the host plant transfer. The results showed that after feeding on rice, the activities of CAT and POD in the in S. frugiperda body changed in order to resist plant secondary metabolites from corn or rice, but there was no significant change in the detoxification enzymes in the body. In summary, switching the host plant between corn and rice induced variations in the intestinal microbiota in C-strain S. frugiperda owing to the strain difference between the C-strain and the R-strain (rice strain), and this was consistent with the results of the activities of detoxification enzymes. The results indicat that changes in intestinal microbiota and physiological enzymes may be important reasons for the adaptive capacity of C-strain S. frugiperda to rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (T.D.); (Y.L.); (G.D.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Yongping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (T.D.); (Y.L.); (G.D.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Guangzu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (T.D.); (Y.L.); (G.D.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Yanyan He
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (T.D.); (Y.L.); (G.D.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (T.D.); (Y.L.); (G.D.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Baoshan City, Baoshan 678000, China (W.X.)
| | - Jizhi Meng
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Baoshan City, Baoshan 678000, China (W.X.)
| | - Wenxiang Xiao
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Baoshan City, Baoshan 678000, China (W.X.)
| | - Guanli Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (T.D.); (Y.L.); (G.D.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
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Sarkar P, Lin CY, Buritica JR, Killiny N, Levy A. Crossing the Gateless Barriers: Factors Involved in the Movement of Circulative Bacteria Within Their Insect Vectors. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1805-1816. [PMID: 37160668 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-22-0249-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant bacterial pathogens transmitted by hemipteran vectors pose a large threat to the agricultural industry worldwide. Although virus-vector relationships have been widely investigated, a significant gap exists in our understanding of the molecular interactions between circulative bacteria and their insect vectors, mainly leafhoppers and psyllids. In this review, we will describe how these bacterial pathogens adhere, invade, and proliferate inside their insect vectors. We will also highlight the different transmission routes and molecular factors of phloem-limited bacteria that maintain an effective relationship with the insect host. Understanding the pathogen-vector relationship at the molecular level will help in the management of vector-borne bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Sarkar
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
| | - Jacobo Robledo Buritica
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Amit Levy
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Li X, Sun Y, Tian X, Wang C, Li Q, Li Q, Zhu S, Lan C, Zhang Y, Li X, Ding R, Zhu X. Sitobion miscanthi L type symbiont enhances the fitness and feeding behavior of the host grain aphid. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1362-1371. [PMID: 36458953 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symbiotic bacteria affect physiology and ecology of insect hosts. The Sitobion miscanthi L type symbiont (SMLS) is a recently discovered and widely distributed secondary symbiont in the grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi Takahashi in China. RESULTS In this study, SMLS-infected (SI) and SMLS-uninfected (SU) aphid strains were obtained from field population. The artificially SMLS-re-infected (SRI) strain was established by injecting SU aphids with the SI strain hemolymph containing SMLS. The SRI and SU strains had identical genetic backgrounds and similar microbial community structures. Compared with the SU strain, adult longevity, survival rate, and fecundity were significantly greater in the SRI strain (biological fitness of 1.48). Moreover, the SRI strain spent more time ingesting phloem than the SU strain. A comparative transcriptome analysis indicated that reproduction- and longevity-related genes were more highly expressed in the SRI strain than in the SU strain. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that the infection with SMLS enhanced the Sitobion miscanthi fitness and feeding behavior. The beneficial effect of the SMLS on hosts could explain why it frequently infects the field populations in the grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi Takahashi in China. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xujun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuchi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Saige Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Ding
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rupawate PS, Roylawar P, Khandagale K, Gawande S, Ade AB, Jaiswal DK, Borgave S. Role of gut symbionts of insect pests: A novel target for insect-pest control. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146390. [PMID: 36992933 PMCID: PMC10042327 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects possess beneficial and nuisance values in the context of the agricultural sector and human life around them. An ensemble of gut symbionts assists insects to adapt to diverse and extreme environments and to occupy every available niche on earth. Microbial symbiosis helps host insects by supplementing necessary diet elements, providing protection from predators and parasitoids through camouflage, modulation of signaling pathway to attain homeostasis and to trigger immunity against pathogens, hijacking plant pathways to circumvent plant defence, acquiring the capability to degrade chemical pesticides, and degradation of harmful pesticides. Therefore, a microbial protection strategy can lead to overpopulation of insect pests, which can drastically reduce crop yield. Some studies have demonstrated increased insect mortality via the destruction of insect gut symbionts; through the use of antibiotics. The review summarizes various roles played by the gut microbiota of insect pests and some studies that have been conducted on pest control by targeting the symbionts. Manipulation or exploitation of the gut symbionts alters the growth and population of the host insects and is consequently a potential target for the development of better pest control strategies. Methods such as modulation of gut symbionts via CRISPR/Cas9, RNAi and the combining of IIT and SIT to increase the insect mortality are further discussed. In the ongoing insect pest management scenario, gut symbionts are proving to be the reliable, eco-friendly and novel approach in the integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravara S. Rupawate
- Department of Zoology, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Praveen Roylawar
- Department of Botany, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Suresh Gawande
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune, India
| | - Avinash B. Ade
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal,
| | - Seema Borgave
- Department of Zoology, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
- Seema Borgave,
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10
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de Godoy IBS, McGrane-Corrigan B, Mason O, Moral RDA, Godoy WAC. Plant-host shift, spatial persistence, and the viability of an invasive insect population. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Rodrigues LR, Montserrat M, Magalhães S. Evolution in agricultural systems: Moving toward the understanding of complexity. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1483-1489. [PMID: 36330296 PMCID: PMC9624076 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural fields are typically simplified ecosystems compared to natural sites, a characteristic that has long-attracted researchers in Ecology and Evolution. In recent years, there has been a rising interest in understanding how agricultural systems are shaped by evolution in the context of changing agricultural practices by integrating biological information of crop systems. This editorial introduces the special issue "Evolution in agricultural systems," incorporating the articles published within this issue into three general areas of research: phenotypic and genetic responses to the environment, biotic interactions and the role of microbes. Together, this body of work unveils unforeseen complexity at all levels, from microbes to trophic chains. Understanding such complexity is critical not only to better understand natural systems, but also if we wish to improve the sustainability of the food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor R. Rodrigues
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Marta Montserrat
- IHSM La Mayora‐UMA‐CSIC: Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”MálagaSpain
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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12
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Çelik T, Sevim A. Bacterial pathogens from Diprion pini L. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) and their biocontrol potential. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Galanis A, Vardakas P, Reczko M, Harokopos V, Hatzis P, Skoulakis EMC, Pavlopoulos GA, Patalano S. Bee foraging preferences, microbiota and pathogens revealed by direct shotgun metagenomics of honey. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2506-2523. [PMID: 35593171 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) continue to succumb to human and environmental pressures despite their crucial role in providing essential ecosystem services. Owing to their foraging and honey production activities, honeybees form complex relationships with species across all domains, such as plants, viruses, bacteria and other hive pests, making honey a valuable biomonitoring tool for assessing their ecological niche. Thus, the application of honey shotgun metagenomics (SM) has paved the way for a detailed description of the species honeybees interact with. Nevertheless, SM bioinformatics tools and DNA extraction methods rely on resources not necessarily optimized for honey. In this study, we compared five widely used taxonomic classifiers using simulated species communities commonly found in honey. We found that Kraken 2 with a threshold of 0.5 performs best in assessing species distribution. We also optimized a simple NaOH-based honey DNA extraction methodology (Direct-SM), which profiled species seasonal variability similarly to an established column-based DNA extraction approach (SM). Both approaches produce results consistent with melissopalinology analysis describing the botanical landscape surrounding the apiary. Interestingly, we detected a strong stability of the bacteria constituting the core and noncore gut microbiome across seasons, pointing to the potential utility of honey for noninvasive assessment of bee microbiota. Finally, the Direct-SM approach to detect Varroa correlates well with the biomonitoring of mite infestation observed in hives. These observations suggest that Direct-SM methodology has the potential to comprehensively describe honeybee ecological niches and can be tested as a building block for large-scale studies to assess bee health in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Galanis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece.,Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Philippos Vardakas
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece.,Department of Apiculture, Institute of Animal Science, Nea Moudania, Greece
| | - Martin Reczko
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Vaggelis Harokopos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Efthimios M C Skoulakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Georgios A Pavlopoulos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Solenn Patalano
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
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14
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Ayyasamy A, Kempraj V, Pagadala Damodaram KJ. Endosymbiotic Bacteria Aid to Overcome Temperature Induced Stress in the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:783-792. [PMID: 33559710 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endosymbiotic microbiota are known to have an enormous impact on their host, influencing its physiology, behavior, fitness, and various other aspects. The present study hypothesizes that certain bacterial symbionts aid the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis in its adaptation to survive thermal stress encountered in the environment. Investigative studies on the change in gut and reproductive tract microbiota diversity of male and female B. dorsalis revealed that certain genera of Acinetobacter, Brevibacillus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus were involved in the adaptation of B. dorsalis to temperature stresses. The intestinal and reproductive tract bacterial community of B. dorsalis varied depending on the temperature the insects were reared at. We hypothesized that the microbiota present in B. dorsalis' gut helped it endure temperature stresses over prolonged periods. Out of 54 bacterial isolates, 25, 15, and 14 isolates were obtained from flies reared at 27 °C, 18 °C, and 35 °C, respectively. A 16S rDNA analysis revealed that the bacterial isolates (reared at different temperatures) belonged to different genera. The flies were supplemented with antibiotics to suppress the existing gut microbiota and subsequently fed with bacterial isolates from flies reared at 18 °C, 27 °C (control) or 35 °C separately. When these flies were placed in incubators pre-set at the above temperatures, the survival rate exhibited by the flies differed significantly. The flies fed with bacterial isolates from 18 °C could survive only in incubators pre-set at 18 °C, while flies fed with bacterial isolates from 35 °C could survive only at 35 °C and not vice versa. The microbiota supplementation assay established that the presence of specific bacterial isolates aided the flies' survival under varied thermal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthikirubha Ayyasamy
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 89, India
| | - Vivek Kempraj
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 89, India
| | - Kamala Jayanthi Pagadala Damodaram
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 89, India.
- Principal Scientist & ICAR National Fellow, Division of Entomology & Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesseraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560089, India.
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15
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Pilgrim J, Siozios S, Baylis M, Venter G, Garros C, Hurst GDD. Identifying potential candidate Culicoides spp. for the study of interactions with Candidatus Cardinium hertigii. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:501-506. [PMID: 33955029 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors responsible for the transmission of several viruses of veterinary importance. Previous screens of Culicoides have described the presence of the endosymbiont Candidatus Cardinium hertigii (Bacteroidetes). However, any impacts of this microbe on vectorial capacity, akin to those conferred by Wolbachia in mosquitoes, are yet to be uncovered and await a suitable system to study Cardinium-midge interactions. To identify potential candidate species to investigate these interactions, accurate knowledge of the distribution of the endosymbiont within Culicoides populations is needed. We used conventional and nested PCR assays to screen Cardinium infection in 337 individuals of 25 Culicoides species from both Palearctic and Afrotropical regions. Infections were observed in several vector species including C. imicola and the Pulicaris complex (C. pulicaris, C. bysta, C. newsteadi and C. punctatus) with varying prevalence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the Gyrase B gene grouped all new isolates within 'group C' of the genus, a clade that has to date been exclusively described in Culicoides. Through a comparison of our results with previous screens, we suggest C. imicola and C. sonorensis represent good candidates for onward study of Cardinium-midge interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pilgrim
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - S Siozios
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - M Baylis
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, U.K
| | - G Venter
- Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - C Garros
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, Cirad, INRA, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
| | - G D D Hurst
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
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16
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Van Moll L, De Smet J, Cos P, Van Campenhout L. Microbial symbionts of insects as a source of new antimicrobials: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:562-579. [PMID: 34032192 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1907302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To stop the antimicrobial resistance crisis, there is an urgent need for increased investment in antimicrobial research and development. Currently, many researchers are focussing on insects and their microbiota in the search for new antimicrobials. This review summarizes recent literature dedicated to the antimicrobial screening of insect symbionts and/or their metabolites to uncover their value in early drug discovery. We summarize the main steps in the methodology used to isolate and identify active insect symbionts and have noted substantial variation among these studies. There is a clear trend in isolating insect Streptomyces bacteria, but a broad range of other symbionts has been found to be active as well. The microbiota of many insect genera and orders remains untargeted so far, which leaves much room for future research. The antimicrobial screening of insect symbionts has led to the discovery of a diverse array of new active biomolecules, mainly peptides, and polyketides. Here, we discuss 15 of these symbiont-produced compounds and their antimicrobial profile. Cyphomycin, isolated from a Streptomyces symbiont of a Cyphomyrmex fungus-growing ant, seems to be the most promising insect symbiont-derived antimicrobial so far. Overall, insect microbiota appears to be a promising search area to discover new antimicrobial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Van Moll
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Smet
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Campenhout
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Flatau R, Segoli M, Hawlena H. Wolbachia Endosymbionts of Fleas Occur in All Females but Rarely in Males and Do Not Show Evidence of Obligatory Relationships, Fitness Effects, or Sex-Distorting Manipulations. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649248. [PMID: 33776981 PMCID: PMC7994249 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread temporal and spatial persistence of endosymbionts in arthropod host populations, despite potential conflicts with their hosts and fluctuating environmental conditions, is puzzling. Here, we disentangled three main mechanisms that are commonly proposed to explain such persistence, namely, obligatory relationships, in which the host is fully dependent on its endosymbiont, fitness advantages conferred by the endosymbiont, and reproductive manipulations imposed by the endosymbiont. Our model system reflects an extreme case, in which the Wolbachia endosymbiont persists in all female flea hosts but rarely in male ones. We cured fleas of both sexes of Wolbachia but found no indications for either lower reproduction, offspring survival, or a change in the offspring sex ratio, compared to Wolbacia-infected fleas. These results do not support any of the suggested mechanisms. We highlight future directions to advance our understanding of endosymbiont persistence in fleas, as well as in other model systems, with extreme sex-differences in endosymbiont persistence. Insights from such studies are predicted to shed light on the evolution and ecology of arthropod-endosymbiont interactions in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Flatau
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Michal Segoli
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Hadas Hawlena
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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18
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Teoh MC, Furusawa G, Veera Singham G. Multifaceted interactions between the pseudomonads and insects: mechanisms and prospects. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1891-1915. [PMID: 33634321 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insects and bacteria are the most widespread groups of organisms found in nearly all habitats on earth, establishing diverse interactions that encompass the entire range of possible symbiotic associations from strict parasitism to obligate mutualism. The complexity of their interactions is instrumental in shaping the roles of insects in the environment, meanwhile ensuring the survival and persistence of the associated bacteria. This review aims to provide detailed insight on the multifaceted symbiosis between one of the most versatile bacterial genera, Pseudomonas (Gammaproteobacteria: Pseudomonadaceae) and a diverse group of insect species. The Pseudomonas engages with varied interactions with insects, being either a pathogen or beneficial endosymbiont, as well as using insects as vectors. In addition, this review also provides updates on existing and potential applications of Pseudomonas and their numerous insecticidal metabolites as biocontrol agents against pest insects for the improvement of integrated pest management strategies. Here, we have summarized several known modes of action and the virulence factors of entomopathogenic Pseudomonas strains essential for their pathogenicity against insects. Meanwhile, the beneficial interactions between pseudomonads and insects are currently limited to a few known insect taxa, despite numerous studies reporting identification of pseudomonads in the guts and haemocoel of various insect species. The vector-symbiont association between pseudomonads and insects can be diverse from strict phoresy to a role switch from commensalism to parasitism following a dose-dependent response. Overall, the pseudomonads appeared to have evolved independently to be either exclusively pathogenic or beneficial towards insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Ching Teoh
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Go Furusawa
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - G Veera Singham
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
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19
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Blanton AG, Peterson BF. Symbiont-Mediated Insecticide Detoxification as an Emerging Problem in Insect Pests. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:547108. [PMID: 33101225 PMCID: PMC7554331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.547108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide use is prevalent with applications from the backyard gardener to large-scale agriculture and combatting pests in homes and industrial settings. Alongside the need to control unwanted pests comes the selective pressure generated by sustained pesticide use has become a concern leading to environmental contamination, pest resistance, and, thus, reduced pesticide efficacy. Despite efforts to improve the environmental impact and reduce off-target effects, chemical pesticides are relied on and control failures are costly. Though pesticide resistance mechanisms vary, one pattern that has recently emerged is symbiont-mediated detoxification within insect pests. The localization within the insect host, the identity of the symbiotic partner, and the stability of the associations across different systems vary. The diversity of insects and ecological settings linked to this phenomenon are broad. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent trend of insecticide detoxification modulated by symbiotic associations between bacteria and insects, as well as highlight the implications for pesticide development, pest management strategies, and pesticide bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Blanton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Brittany F Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
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20
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Ye S, Bhattacharjee M, Siemann E. Stress tolerance alteration in the freshwater cnidarian green hydra (Hydra viridissima) via symbiotic algae mutagenesis. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Castillo AM, Saltonstall K, Arias CF, Chavarria KA, Ramírez-Camejo LA, Mejía LC, De León LF. The Microbiome of Neotropical Water Striders and Its Potential Role in Codiversification. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090578. [PMID: 32878094 PMCID: PMC7565411 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insects host a highly diverse bacterial community. Although we have a good understanding of the role that this microbiome plays in insects, the composition and diversity of microbiomes associated with Neotropical freshwater insects is virtually unknown. Here, we describe, for the first time, the microbiome associated with six species of Neotropical water striders in Panama. We also performed phylogenetic analyses to explore potential codiversification or coevolution between water strider species and their associated microbiome. We found a diverse microbiome associated with the six species of water striders, with the dominant bacterial taxa belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria and Tenericutes. Although some bacterial lineages were shared across species, some lineages were also uniquely associated with different water strider species. Our results suggest that both environmental variation and host phylogenetic identity are important drivers of the microbiome associated with water striders. Understanding the evolution of the host-microbiome interaction is crucial to our understanding of Neotropical freshwater ecosystems. Abstract Insects host a highly diverse microbiome, which plays a crucial role in insect life. However, the composition and diversity of microbiomes associated with Neotropical freshwater insects is virtually unknown. In addition, the extent to which diversification of this microbiome is associated with host phylogenetic divergence remains to be determined. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of bacterial communities associated with six closely related species of Neotropical water striders in Panama. We used comparative phylogenetic analyses to assess associations between dominant bacterial linages and phylogenetic divergence among species of water striders. We found a total of 806 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), with dominant bacterial taxa belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria (76.87%) and Tenericutes (19.51%). Members of the α- (e.g., Wolbachia) and γ- (e.g., Acinetobacter, Serratia) Proteobacteria, and Mollicutes (e.g., Spiroplasma) were predominantly shared across species, suggesting the presence of a core microbiome in water striders. However, some bacterial lineages (e.g., Fructobacillus, Fluviicola and Chryseobacterium) were uniquely associated with different water strider species, likely representing a distinctive feature of each species’ microbiome. These findings indicate that both host identity and environmental context are important drivers of microbiome diversity in water striders. In addition, they suggest that diversification of the microbiome is associated with diversification in water striders. Although more research is needed to establish the evolutionary consequences of host-microbiome interaction in water striders, our findings support recent work highlighting the role of bacterial community host-microbiome codiversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anakena M. Castillo
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), P.O. Box 0843-01103 Panamá 5, Panama; (A.M.C.); (L.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kristin Saltonstall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092 Amador, Naos, Panama; (K.S.); (C.F.A.); (K.A.C.)
| | - Carlos F. Arias
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092 Amador, Naos, Panama; (K.S.); (C.F.A.); (K.A.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Karina A. Chavarria
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092 Amador, Naos, Panama; (K.S.); (C.F.A.); (K.A.C.)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Luis A. Ramírez-Camejo
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), P.O. Box 0843-01103 Panamá 5, Panama; (A.M.C.); (L.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.)
- Coiba Scientific Station (COIBA-AIP), City of Knowledge, P.O. Box 0843-01853 Balboa, Panama
| | - Luis C. Mejía
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), P.O. Box 0843-01103 Panamá 5, Panama; (A.M.C.); (L.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.)
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092 Amador, Naos, Panama; (K.S.); (C.F.A.); (K.A.C.)
| | - Luis F. De León
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), P.O. Box 0843-01103 Panamá 5, Panama; (A.M.C.); (L.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.)
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092 Amador, Naos, Panama; (K.S.); (C.F.A.); (K.A.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Coiba Scientific Station (COIBA-AIP), City of Knowledge, P.O. Box 0843-01853 Balboa, Panama
- Correspondence:
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22
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Volkoff AN, Cusson M, Falabella P. Editorial: Insects at the Center of Interactions With Other Organisms. Front Physiol 2020; 11:616. [PMID: 32655406 PMCID: PMC7324779 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Nathalie Volkoff
- INRAE Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environnement, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Cusson
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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23
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Zheng Y, Xiao G, Zhou W, Gao Y, Li Z, Du G, Chen B. Midgut microbiota diversity of potato tuber moth associated with potato tissue consumed. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:58. [PMID: 32160875 PMCID: PMC7066784 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is a worldwide pest that feeds on both the leaves and tubers of potato plants. PTM larvae can digest leaves, or tubers, resulting in serious damage to potato plants in the field and potato tubers in storage. To understand how midgut bacterial diversity is influenced by the consumption of these two tissue types, the symbiotic bacteria in the potato-feeding PTM midgut and the endophytic bacteria of potato tissues were analyzed. Results At the genus level, the bacterial community composition in the PTM midgut was influenced by the tissues consumed, owing to their different nutrient contents. Escherichia_Shigella and Enterobacter were the most dominant genera in the midgut of leaf-feeding and tuber-feeding PTMs, respectively. Interestingly, even though only present in low abundance in leaves and tubers, Escherichia_Shigella were dominantly distributed only in the midgut of leaf-feeding PTMs, indicating that specific accumulation of these genera have occurred by feeding on leaves. Moreover, Enterobacter, the most dominant genus in the midgut of tuber-feeding PTMs, was undetectable in all potato tissues, indicating it is gut-specific origin and tuber feeding-specific accumulation. Both Escherichia_Shigella and Enterobacter abundances were positively correlated with the dominant contents of potato leaves and tubers, respectively. Conclusions Enrichment of specific PTM midgut bacterial communities was related to different nutrient levels in different tissues consumed by the insect, which in turn influenced host utilization. We provide evidence that a portion of the intestinal microbes of PTMs may be derived from potato endophytic bacteria and improve the understanding of the relationship between potato endophytic bacteria and the gut microbiota of PTMs, which may offer support for integrated management of this worldwide pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-biodiversity and Pest Management of China's Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guanli Xiao
- College of Agriculture & Biology Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- College of Agriculture & Biology Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhengyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-biodiversity and Pest Management of China's Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guangzu Du
- Key Laboratory of Agro-biodiversity and Pest Management of China's Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-biodiversity and Pest Management of China's Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Gichuhi J, Sevgan S, Khamis F, Van den Berg J, du Plessis H, Ekesi S, Herren JK. Diversity of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and their gut bacterial community in Kenya. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8701. [PMID: 32185109 PMCID: PMC7060952 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a polyphagous pest that causes widespread damage particularly to maize and sorghum in Africa. The microbiome associated with S. frugiperda could play a role in the insects' success and adaptability. However, bacterial communities in S. frugiperda remain poorly studied. METHODS We investigated the composition, abundance and diversity of microbiomes associated with larval and adult specimens of S. frugiperda collected from four maize growing regions in Kenya through high throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The population structure of S. frugiperda in Kenya was assessed through amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. RESULTS We identified Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the most dominant bacterial phyla and lesser proportions of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. We also observed differences in bacterial microbiome diversity between larvae and adults that are a likely indication that some prominent larval bacterial groups are lost during metamorphosis. However, several bacterial groups were found in both adults and larvae suggesting that they are transmitted across developmental stages. Reads corresponding to several known entomopathogenic bacterial clades as well as the fungal entomopathogen, Metarhizium rileyi, were observed. Mitochondrial DNA haplotyping of the S. frugiperda population in Kenya indicated the presence of both "Rice" and "Corn" strains, with a higher prevalence of the "Rice" strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Gichuhi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Subramanian Sevgan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fathiya Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Johnnie Van den Berg
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Hannalene du Plessis
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jeremy K. Herren
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Henry Wellcome Building, Glasgow, UK
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Albuquerque Tomilhero Frias A, Ibanez F, Mendoza A, de Carvalho Nunes WM, Tamborindeguy C. Effects of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (haplotype B) on Bactericera cockerelli fitness and vitellogenesis. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:58-68. [PMID: 29676854 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
"Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (Lso) are phloem-restricted and unculturable Gram-negative bacteria. Presently five haplotypes have been identified worldwide; but only haplotypes A and B are associated with the vector Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc.) in the Americas. Previous studies showed that Lso-infection reduces B. cockerelli reproductive output and that Lso haplotype B is more pathogenic than Lso haplotype A. To understand the interaction of Lso haplotype B and B. cockerelli, the fitness of Lso-free and Lso B-infected insects, and the expression of vitellogenin (BcVg1-like), a gene involved directly in the insect reproduction were analyzed. Statistical differences in the number of eggs oviposited, and the total number of progeny nymphs and adults were found among crosses of insects with or without Lso. Significant differences in sex proportions were found between Lso B-infected and Lso-free crosses: a higher proportion of F1 adult females were obtained from Lso B-infected mothers. A significant reduction of BcVg1-like was observed in crosses performed with Lso B-infected females compared to the Lso-free insects. In female cohorts of different age, a significant reduction of BcVg1-like expression was measured in 7-d-old Lso B-infected females (virgin and mated) compared with 7-d-old Lso-free females (virgin and mated), respectively. The reduction of BcVg1-like transcript was associated with a lower number of developing oocytes observed in female's reproductive systems. Overall, this study represents the first step to understand the interaction of Lso B with B. cockerelli, highlighting the effect of Lso B infection on egg production, BcVg1-like expression, and oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Albuquerque Tomilhero Frias
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 412 Heep Center, College Station, Texas, USA
- UEM-Depto. de Agronomia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia Aplicada, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Freddy Ibanez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 412 Heep Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Azucena Mendoza
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 412 Heep Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Cecilia Tamborindeguy
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 412 Heep Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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Kashkouli M, Fathipour Y, Mehrabadi M. Habitat visualization, acquisition features and necessity of the gammaproteobacterial symbiont of pistachio stink Bug, Acrosternum heegeri (Hem.: Pentatomidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:22-33. [PMID: 31190648 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant-sucking stinkbugs are especially associated with mutualistic gut bacterial symbionts. Here, we explored the symbiotic relationship of a pistachio stinkbug, Acrosternum heegeri Fieber by histological, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), real-time PCR and molecular phylogenetic techniques. Furthermore, the effects of the symbiont on the resting/wandering behaviors of the newborn nymphs, pre-adult survival rates, and stage compositions were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy and real-time PCR analyses showed that a rod-shaped gammaproteobacterium was persistently located within the posterior midgut crypts. Molecular phylogenetic and FISH techniques strongly suggested that this symbiont should be placed in the genus Pantoea of the Enterobacteriales. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of the bacterial cells on the egg surface which the surface sterilization of the eggs resulted in the successful removal of the symbiont from the eggs. Symbiotic and aposymbiotic A. heegeri showed no significant differences in the wandering behaviors of the first nymphal stages, while the symbiont-free insects suffered retarded growth and lower survivability. Together, the results highlight the habitat and acquisition features of Pantoea symbiont and its contribution in A. heegeri biology that might help us for better pest management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kashkouli
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Y Fathipour
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mehrabadi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Endosymbiosis is found in all types of ecosystems and it can be sensitive to environmental changes due to the intimate interaction between the endosymbiont and the host. Indeed, global climate change disturbs the local ambient environment and threatens endosymbiotic species, and in some cases leads to local ecosystem collapse. Recent studies have revealed that the endosymbiont can affect holobiont (endosymbiont and host together) stress tolerance as much as the host does, and manipulation of the microbial partners in holobionts may mitigate the impacts of the environmental stress. Here, we first show how the endosymbiont presence affects holobiont stress tolerance by discussing three well-studied endosymbiotic systems, which include plant-fungi, aquatic organism-algae, and insect-bacteria systems. We then review how holobionts are able to alter their stress tolerance via associated endosymbionts by changing their endosymbiont composition, by adaptation of their endosymbionts, or by acclimation of their endosymbionts. Finally, we discuss how different transmission modes (vertical or horizontal transmission) might affect the adaptability of holobionts. We propose that the endosymbiont is a good target for modifying holobiont stress tolerance, which makes it critical to more fully investigate the role of endosymbionts in the adaptive responses of holobionts to stress.
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McLean AHC, Godfray HCJ, Ellers J, Henry LM. Host relatedness influences the composition of aphid microbiomes. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:808-816. [PMID: 31573138 PMCID: PMC6900097 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Animals are host to a community of microbes, collectively referred to as their microbiome, that can play a key role in their hosts' biology. The bacterial endosymbionts of insects have a particularly strong influence on their hosts, but despite their importance we still know little about the factors that influence the composition of insect microbial communities. Here, we ask: what is the relative importance of host relatedness and host ecology in structuring symbiont communities of diverse aphid species? We used next-generation sequencing to compare the microbiomes of 46 aphid species with known host plant affiliations. We find that relatedness between aphid species is the key factor explaining the microbiome composition, with more closely related aphid species housing more similar bacterial communities. Endosymbionts dominate the microbial communities, and we find a novel bacterium in the genus Sphingopyxis that is associated with numerous aphid species feeding exclusively on trees. The influence of ecology was less pronounced than that of host relatedness. Our results suggest that co-adaptation between insect species and their facultative symbionts is a more important determinant of symbiont species presence in aphids than shared ecology of hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacintha Ellers
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological ScienceVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lee M. Henry
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological ScienceVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Jose PA, Ben-Yosef M, Jurkevitch E, Yuval B. Symbiotic bacteria affect oviposition behavior in the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 117:103917. [PMID: 31381903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial associations are widespread across the insects. In the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae), vertically transmitted gut symbionts contribute to larval development inside the olive host, and to adult nutrition. Nevertheless, their effect on behavioural decisions of adults is unknown. In this study, we show that symbiotic bacteria affect oviposition behaviour in B. oleae. We studied the effect of different fruits as hosts and different gut-bacteria as gut-symbionts on oviposition attempts and fly development in B. oleae. Untreated flies that had native gut-symbionts attempted oviposition significantly more times than axenic flies as well as flies treated with medfly-associated Pantoea or Klebsiella bacteria. Axenic flies provided with a diet containing the homogenized gut of symbiotic flies recovered the same number of oviposition attempts as their symbiotic counterparts. As for as the different hosts, green olives (unripe) and grapes were preferred while black olives (ripe) elicited the least number of oviposition attempts, with an interactive effect of host and bacterial treatments. It appears that both the host attributes and the native gut-symbionts drive oviposition preference towards green olives in B. oleae. Moreover, both bacterial treatments and hosts significantly affected the development of B. oleae larvae. Though grapes elicited as many oviposition attempts as green olives, they yielded no pupae. Taken together, our results suggest that the intimate association between B. oleae and their gut-microbes, extends beyond nutritional support to behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polpass Arul Jose
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. POB 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. POB 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Michael Ben-Yosef
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Center, M. P. Negev 85280, Israel
| | - Edouard Jurkevitch
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. POB 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Boaz Yuval
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. POB 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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El-Deeb O. Digest: Fitness costs of Spiroplasma infection in pea aphids. Evolution 2019; 73:1490-1491. [PMID: 31124129 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endosymbionts sometimes help their hosts resist parasites, but does infection of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) with different strains of the endosymbiont Spiroplasma confer fitness benefits that offset the costs? Mathé-Hubert et al. found that across four life-history traits, Spiroplasma infection induced negative effects on host fitness when compared to controls. Only two of 12 strains of Spiroplasma showed a marginal protective effect against host parasitism by Aphidius ervi, implying Spiroplasma infection is almost entirely detrimental to pea aphid host fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar El-Deeb
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Gómez-Díaz JS, Montoya-Lerma J, Muñoz-Valencia V. Prevalence and Diversity of Endosymbionts in Cassava Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) From Colombia. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5494810. [PMID: 31115477 PMCID: PMC6529905 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Whiteflies cause huge economic losses for cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivation. Damage can be caused directly when the insects feed on the phloem and/or indirectly by the transmission of viruses. It has been found that whiteflies maintain a close relationship with some endosymbiotic bacteria and that this interaction produces different effects on host biology and can also facilitate viral transmission. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of secondary endosymbionts (SE) present in whiteflies associated with cassava. Whitefly adults and nymphs were collected from cassava crops at nine locations in Southwestern Colombia. Molecular identification of insects and endosymbionts was carried out using specific mtCOI, wsp, 23s rRNA, and 16s rRNA primers. Phylogenetic trees were constructed from these sequences, both for whitefly species and the endosymbionts found. In addition, morphological identification of whitefly species was made using last instar nymphs. Molecular and morphological evaluation revealed that the most abundant whitefly species was Trialeurodes variabilis (Quaintance) followed by Aleurotrachelus socialis Bondar and Bemisia tuberculata Bondar. One hundred percent of the individuals contained the primary endosymbiont Portiera. The SE Rickettsia, Hamiltonella, Wolbachia, and Fritschea were not detected in the samples tested. Prevalence of Cardinium and Arsenophonus were variable at each locality, Cardinium being most prevalent in A. socialis adults. This study is the first report on the presence of Cardinium and Arsenophonus in A. socialis and T. variabilis. It is also the first report of endosymbiotic diversity in whiteflies associated with cassava in Colombia.
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Kashkouli M, Fathipour Y, Mehrabadi M. Potential Management Tactics for Pistachio Stink Bugs, Brachynema germari, Acrosternum heegeri and Acrosternum arabicum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): High Temperature and Chemical Surface Sterilants Leading to Symbiont Suppression. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:244-254. [PMID: 30329064 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Insect symbionts offer an opportunity to deal with the anticipated elevated demand for novel pest management strategies. One approach is the disruption of essential symbionts required by the pests. In the present study, we examined the effects of symbiont elimination strategies, high temperature and sterilization agents, on the fitness of three stink bugs, Brachynema germari Kolenati, Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, and Acrosternum arabicum Wagner by using demographic approach. In the high-temperature experiments, almost all insects exhibited severe fitness defects, including elevated nymphal mortality and reduced population growth parameters (especially intrinsic rate of increase, r), as well as significant reductions in the gut symbiont titers. In the egg surface sterilization assays, we experimentally assessed the effects of sterilization agents on the bugs and their symbionts and observed similar fitness defects to those observed under the high-temperature condition. According to the results, we concluded that the host's defective phenotypes are attributable not to the heat stress itself but to the suppression of the symbiont titer, which highlights the possibility that global warming and elevated temperature may negatively affect this mutualism. Together, the results suggest the biological importance of the bacterial symbiont for the host that might help us for better management of these important pests in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Kashkouli
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Fathipour
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehrabadi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Ye S, Bhattacharjee M, Siemann E. Thermal Tolerance in Green Hydra: Identifying the Roles of Algal Endosymbionts and Hosts in a Freshwater Holobiont Under Stress. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:537-545. [PMID: 30613848 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-01315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that holobionts (host-symbiont units) could swap endosymbionts, rapidly alter the hologenome (host plus symbiont genome), and increase their stress tolerance. However, experimental tests of individual and combined contributions of hosts and endosymbionts to holobiont stress tolerance are needed to test this hypothesis. Here, we used six green hydra (Hydra viridissima) strains to tease apart host (hydra) and symbiont (algae) contributions to thermal tolerance. Heat shock experiments with (1) hydra with their original symbionts, (2) aposymbiotic hydra (algae removed), (3) novel associations (a single hydra strain hosting different algae individually), and (4) control hydra (aposymbiotic hydra re-associated with their original algae) showed high variation in thermal tolerance in each group. Relative tolerances of strains were the same within original, aposymbiotic, and control treatments, but reversed in the novel associations group. Aposymbiotic hydra had similar or higher thermal tolerance than hydra with algal symbionts. Selection on the holobiont appears to be stronger than on either partner alone, suggesting endosymbiosis could become an evolutionary trap under climate change. Our results suggest that green hydra thermal tolerance is strongly determined by the host, with a smaller, non-positive role for the algal symbiont. Once temperatures exceed host tolerance limits, swapping symbionts is unlikely to allow these holobionts to persist. Rather, increases in host tolerance through in situ adaptation or migration of pre-adapted host strains appear more likely to increase local thermal tolerance. Overall, our results indicate green hydra is a valuable system for studying aquatic endosymbiosis under changing environmental conditions, and demonstrate how the host and the endosymbiont contribute to holobiont stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Ye
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 S. Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | | | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100 S. Main St., Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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Abstract
Background Facultative symbionts are common in eukaryotes and can provide their hosts with significant fitness benefits. Despite the advantage of carrying these microbes, they are typically only found in a fraction of the individuals within a population and are often non-randomly distributed among host populations. It is currently unclear why facultative symbionts are only found in certain host individuals and populations. Here we provide evidence for a mechanism to help explain this phenomenon: that when symbionts interact with non-native host genotypes it can limit the horizontal transfer of symbionts to particular host lineages and populations of related hosts. Results Using reciprocal transfections of the facultative symbiont Hamiltonella defensa into different pea aphid clones, we demonstrate that particular symbiont strains can cause high host mortality and inhibit offspring production when injected into aphid clones other than their native host lineage. However, once established, the symbiont’s ability to protect against parasitoids was not influenced by its origin. We then demonstrate that H. defensa is also more likely to establish a symbiotic relationship with aphid clones from a plant-adapted population (biotype) that typically carry H. defensa in nature, compared to clones from a biotype that does not normally carry this symbiont. Conclusions These results provide evidence that certain aphid lineages and populations of related hosts are predisposed to establishing a symbiotic relationship with H. defensa. Our results demonstrate that host-symbiont genotype interactions represent a potential barrier to horizontal transmission that can limit the spread of symbionts, and adaptive traits they carry, to certain host lineages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1143-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Niepoth
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lee M Henry
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Present address: School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, England.
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Guidolin AS, Cataldi TR, Labate CA, Francis F, Cônsoli FL. Spiroplasma affects host aphid proteomics feeding on two nutritional resources. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2466. [PMID: 29410456 PMCID: PMC5802742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts are broadly distributed among insects, influencing their bioecology to different degrees. Aphids carry a number of secondary symbionts that can influence aphid physiology and fitness attributes. Spiroplasma is seldom reported as an aphid symbiont, but a high level of infection has been observed in one population of the tropical aphid Aphis citricidus. We used sister isolines of Spiroplasma-infected (Ac-BS) and Spiroplasma-free (Ac-B) aphids reared on sweet orange (optimum host) and orange jasmine (suboptimum host) to demonstrate the effects of Spiroplasma infection in the aphid proteome profile. A higher number of proteins were differently abundant in aphids feeding on orange jasmine, indicating an impact of host plant quality. In both host plants, the majority of proteins affected by Spiroplasma infection were heat shock proteins, proteins linked to cell function and structure, and energy metabolism. Spiroplasma also induced changes in proteins involved in antimicrobial activity, carbohydrate processing and metabolism, amino acid synthesis and metabolism in aphids feeding on orange jasmine. We discuss on how the aphid host proteome is differentially affected by Spiroplasma infection when the host is exploiting host plants with different nutritional values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Sartori Guidolin
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Regiani Cataldi
- Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Department of Genetics, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Department of Genetics, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederic Francis
- Entomologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Fernando Luis Cônsoli
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Subramanyam S, Shreve JT, Nemacheck JA, Johnson AJ, Schemerhorn B, Shukle RH, Williams CE. Modulation of nonessential amino acid biosynthetic pathways in virulent Hessian fly larvae (Mayetiola destructor), feeding on susceptible host wheat (Triticum aestivum). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 105:54-63. [PMID: 29336997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Compatible interactions between wheat (Triticum aestivum), and its dipteran pest Hessian fly (Hf, Mayetiola destructor) result in successful establishment of larval feeding sites rendering the host plant susceptible. Virulent larvae employ an effector-based feeding strategy to reprogram the host physiology resulting in formation of a protein- and sugar-rich nutritive tissue beneficial to developing larvae. Previous studies documented increased levels of nonessential amino acids (NAA; that need not be received through insect diet) in the susceptible wheat in response to larval feeding, suggesting importance of plant-derived NAA in larval nutrition. Here, we investigated the modulation of genes from NAA biosynthetic pathways (NAABP) in virulent Hf larvae. Transcript profiling for 16 NAABP genes, annotated from the recently assembled Hf genome, was carried out in the feeding first-, and second-instars and compared with that of the first-instar neonate (newly hatched, migrating, assumed to be non-feeding) larvae. While Tyr, Gln, Glu, and Pro NAABP genes transcript abundance declined in the feeding instars as compared to the neonates, those for Ala, and Ser increased in the feeding larval instars, despite higher levels of these NAA in the susceptible host plant. Asp, Asn, Gly and Cys NAABP genes exhibited variable expression profiles in the feeding first- and second-instars. Our results indicate that while Hf larvae utilize the plant-derived NAA, de novo synthesis of several NAA may be necessary to: (i) provide larvae with the requisite amount for sustaining growth before nutritive tissue formation and, (ii) overcome any inadequate amounts in the host plant, post-nutritive tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob T Shreve
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Jill A Nemacheck
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Alisha J Johnson
- USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Brandi Schemerhorn
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Richard H Shukle
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Christie E Williams
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
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Eleftherianos I, Yadav S, Kenney E, Cooper D, Ozakman Y, Patrnogic J. Role of Endosymbionts in Insect-Parasitic Nematode Interactions. Trends Parasitol 2017; 34:430-444. [PMID: 29150386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endosymbiotic bacteria exist in many animals where they develop relationships that affect certain physiological processes in the host. Insects and their nematode parasites form great models for understanding the genetic and molecular basis of immune and parasitic processes. Both organisms contain endosymbionts that possess the ability to interfere with certain mechanisms of immune function and pathogenicity. This review summarizes recent information on the involvement of insect endosymbionts in the response to parasitic nematode infections, and the influence of nematode endosymbionts on specific aspects of the insect immune system. Analyzing this information will be particularly useful for devising endosymbiont-based strategies to intervene in insect immunity or nematode parasitism for the efficient management of noxious insects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Eleftherianos
- Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Shruti Yadav
- Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Eric Kenney
- Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Dustin Cooper
- Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Yaprak Ozakman
- Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jelena Patrnogic
- Insect Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Gomez-Polo P, Ballinger MJ, Lalzar M, Malik A, Ben-Dov Y, Mozes-Daube N, Perlman SJ, Iasur-Kruh L, Chiel E. An exceptional family: Ophiocordyceps-allied fungus dominates the microbiome of soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccidae). Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5855-5868. [PMID: 28833928 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hemipteran insects of the suborder Sternorrhyncha are plant sap feeders, where each family is obligately associated with a specific bacterial endosymbiont that produces essential nutrients lacking in the sap. Coccidae (soft scale insects) is the only major sternorrhynchan family in which obligate symbiont(s) have not been identified. We studied the microbiota in seven species from this family from Israel, Spain and Cyprus, by high-throughput sequencing of ribosomal genes, and found that no specific bacterium was prevalent and abundant in all the tested species. In contrast, an Ophiocordyceps-allied fungus sp.-a lineage widely known as entomopathogenic-was highly prevalent. All individuals of all the tested species carried this fungus. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the Ophiocordyceps-allied fungus from the coccids is closely related to fungi described from other hemipterans, and they appear to be monophyletic, although the phylogenies of the Ophiocordyceps-allied fungi and their hosts do not appear to be congruent. Microscopic observations show that the fungal cells are lemon-shaped, are distributed throughout the host's body and are present in the eggs, suggesting vertical transmission. Taken together, the results suggest that the Ophiocordyceps-allied fungus may be a primary symbiont of Coccidae-a major evolutionary shift from bacteria to fungi in the Sternorrhyncha, and an important example of fungal evolutionary lifestyle switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Gomez-Polo
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa - Oranim, Tivon, Israel
| | | | - Maya Lalzar
- Bioinformatics Service Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Assaf Malik
- Bioinformatics Service Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yair Ben-Dov
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Neta Mozes-Daube
- Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Ramat-Yishai, Israel
| | - Steve J Perlman
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Lilach Iasur-Kruh
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Elad Chiel
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa - Oranim, Tivon, Israel
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de Almeida LG, de Moraes LAB, Trigo JR, Omoto C, Cônsoli FL. The gut microbiota of insecticide-resistant insects houses insecticide-degrading bacteria: A potential source for biotechnological exploitation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174754. [PMID: 28358907 PMCID: PMC5373613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration of new niches for microorganisms capable of degrading recalcitrant molecules is still required. We hypothesized the gut microbiota associated with insect-resistant lines carry pesticide degrading bacteria, and predicted they carry bacteria selected to degrade pesticides they were resistant to. We isolated and accessed the pesticide-degrading capacity of gut bacteria from the gut of fifth instars of Spodoptera frugiperda strains resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, spinosad and lufenuron, using insecticide-selective media. Sixteen isolates belonging to 10 phylotypes were obtained, from which four were also associated with the susceptible strain. However, growth of gut bacteria associated with larvae from the susceptible strain was not obtained in any of the insecticide-based selective media tested. Growth of isolates was affected by the concentration of insecticides in the media, and all grew well up to 40 μg/ml. The insecticide-degrading capacity of selected isolates was assessed by GC or LC-MS/MS analyses. In conclusion, resistant strains of S. frugiperda are an excellent reservoir of insecticide-degrading bacteria with bioremediation potential. Moreover, gut-associated bacteria are subjected to the selection pressure imposed by insecticides on their hosts and may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo de Almeida
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luiz Alberto Beraldo de Moraes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Departamento de Química, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Roberto Trigo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituo de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernando Luis Cônsoli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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40
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Cleary JL, Condren AR, Zink KE, Sanchez LM. Calling all hosts: Bacterial communication in situ. Chem 2017; 2:334-358. [PMID: 28948238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are cosmopolitan organisms that in recent years have demonstrated many roles in maintaining host equilibrium. In this review, we discuss three roles bacteria can occupy in a host: pathogenic, symbiotic, and transient, with a specific focus on how bacterial small molecules contribute to homeostasis or dysbiosis. First, we will dissect how small molecules produced by pathogenic bacteria can be used as a source for communication during colonization and as protection against host immune responses. The ability to achieve a higher level of organization through small molecule communication gives pathogenic bacteria an opportunity for increased virulence and fitness. Conversely, in symbiotic relationships with hosts, small molecules are used in the initial acquisition, colonization, and maintenance of this beneficial population. Chemical signals can come from both the host and symbiont, and it is often observed that these interKingdom symbioses result in coevolution of both species involved. Furthermore, the transition from transient to commensal or opportunistic likely relies on molecular mechanisms. The small molecules utilized and produced by transient bacteria are desirable for both the immune and nutritional benefits they provide to the host. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of modern analytical techniques that are available to researchers in order to study small molecules in situ is an important aspect of this review. It is our opinion that small molecules produced by bacteria are central to many biological processes and a larger focus on uncovering the function and identity of these small molecules is required to gain a deeper understanding of host-microbe associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Cleary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, USA
| | - Alanna R Condren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, USA
| | - Katherine E Zink
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, USA
| | - Laura M Sanchez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, USA
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41
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Guidolin AS, Cônsoli FL. Symbiont Diversity of Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as Influenced by Host Plants. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:201-210. [PMID: 27872949 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are well known for their association with endosymbiont bacteria. Almost all aphids harbor Buchnera aphidicola as an obligate symbiont and several other bacteria as facultative symbionts. Associations of facultative symbionts and aphids are quite variable in terms of diversity and prevalence across aphid species. Facultative symbionts can have a major impact on aphid bioecological traits. A number of factors shape the outcome of the facultative symbiont-aphid association, including aphid clone, bacterial genotype, geography, and host plant association. The effects of host plant on aphid-facultative symbiont associations are the least understood. We performed deep sequencing of the bacterial community associated with field populations of the oligophagous aphid Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus collected from different host plants. We demonstrate that (i) A. citricidus has low symbiont diversity, (ii) symbiont diversity is affected by host plant, and (iii) host plants affect the relative abundance of the obligate symbiont Buchnera and an unknown genus of Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Sartori Guidolin
- Insect Interactions Lab., Department of Entomology and Acarology/ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luis Cônsoli
- Insect Interactions Lab., Department of Entomology and Acarology/ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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42
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Laughton AM, Garcia JR, Gerardo NM. Condition-dependent alteration of cellular immunity by secondary symbionts in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 86:17-24. [PMID: 26699661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Endosymbionts can fundamentally alter host physiology. Whether such changes are beneficial or detrimental to one or both partners may depend on the dynamics of the symbiotic relationship. Here we investigate the relationship between facultative symbionts and host immune responses. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, maintains an obligate primary symbiont, but may also harbour one or more facultative, secondary symbionts. Given their more transient nature and relatively recent adoption of a symbiotic lifestyle compared to primary symbionts, secondary symbionts may present a challenge for the host immune system. We assessed the response of several key components of the cellular immune system (phenoloxidase activity, encapsulation, immune cell counts) in the presence of alternative secondary symbionts, investigating the role of host and secondary symbiont genotype in specific responses. There was no effect of secondary symbiont presence on the phenoloxidase response, but we found variation in the encapsulation response and in immune cell counts based largely on the secondary symbiont. Host genotype was less influential in determining immunity outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of secondary symbionts in shaping host immunity. Understanding the complex physiological responses that can be propagated by host-symbiont associations has important consequences for host ecology, including symbiont and pathogen transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Laughton
- Biology Department, Emory University, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Justine R Garcia
- Biology Department, Emory University, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Nicole M Gerardo
- Biology Department, Emory University, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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43
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Beemelmanns C, Guo H, Rischer M, Poulsen M. Natural products from microbes associated with insects. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:314-27. [PMID: 26977191 PMCID: PMC4778507 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we review discoveries of secondary metabolites from microbes associated with insects. We mainly focus on natural products, where the ecological role has been at least partially elucidated, and/or the pharmaceutical properties evaluated, and on compounds with unique structural features. We demonstrate that the exploration of specific microbial–host interactions, in combination with multidisciplinary dereplication processes, has emerged as a successful strategy to identify novel chemical entities and to shed light on the ecology and evolution of defensive associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maja Rischer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Centre for Social Evolution, Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Building 3, 1st floor, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
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44
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Shokal U, Yadav S, Atri J, Accetta J, Kenney E, Banks K, Katakam A, Jaenike J, Eleftherianos I. Effects of co-occurring Wolbachia and Spiroplasma endosymbionts on the Drosophila immune response against insect pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:16. [PMID: 26862076 PMCID: PMC4746768 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symbiotic interactions between microbes and animals are common in nature. Symbiotic organisms are particularly common in insects and, in some cases, they may protect their hosts from pathogenic infections. Wolbachia and Spiroplasma endosymbionts naturally inhabit various insects including Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. Therefore, this symbiotic association is considered an excellent model to investigate whether endosymbiotic bacteria participate in host immune processes against certain pathogens. Here we have investigated whether the presence of Wolbachia alone or together with Spiroplasma endosymbionts in D. melanogaster adult flies affects the immune response against the virulent insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens and against non-pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. RESULTS We found that D. melanogaster flies carrying no endosymbionts, those carrying both Wolbachia and Spiroplasma, and those containing Wolbachia only had similar survival rates after infection with P. luminescens or Escherichia coli bacteria. However, flies carrying both endosymbionts or Wolbachia only contained higher numbers of E. coli cells at early time-points post infection than flies without endosymbiotic bacteria. Interestingly, flies containing Wolbachia only had lower titers of this endosymbiont upon infection with the pathogen P. luminescens than uninfected flies of the same strain. We further found that the presence of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma in D. melanogaster up-regulated certain immune-related genes upon infection with P. luminescens or E. coli bacteria, but it failed to alter the phagocytic ability of the flies toward E. coli inactive bioparticles. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the presence of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma in D. melanogaster can modulate immune signaling against infection by certain insect pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Results from such studies are important for understanding the molecular basis of the interactions between endosymbiotic bacteria of insects and exogenous microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Shokal
- Insect Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 5675 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
| | - Shruti Yadav
- Insect Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 5675 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
| | - Jaishri Atri
- Insect Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 5675 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
| | - Julia Accetta
- Insect Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 5675 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
| | - Eric Kenney
- Insect Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 5675 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
| | - Katherine Banks
- Insect Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 5675 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
| | - Akash Katakam
- Insect Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 5675 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
| | - John Jaenike
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
| | - Ioannis Eleftherianos
- Insect Infection and Immunity Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 5675 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
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45
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Guedes RNC, Smagghe G, Stark JD, Desneux N. Pesticide-Induced Stress in Arthropod Pests for Optimized Integrated Pest Management Programs. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 61:43-62. [PMID: 26473315 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
More than six decades after the onset of wide-scale commercial use of synthetic pesticides and more than fifty years after Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, pesticides, particularly insecticides, arguably remain the most influential pest management tool around the globe. Nevertheless, pesticide use is still a controversial issue and is at the regulatory forefront in most countries. The older generation of insecticide groups has been largely replaced by a plethora of novel molecules that exhibit improved human and environmental safety profiles. However, the use of such compounds is guided by their short-term efficacy; the indirect and subtler effects on their target species, namely arthropod pest species, have been neglected. Curiously, comprehensive risk assessments have increasingly explored effects on nontarget species, contrasting with the majority of efforts focused on the target arthropod pest species. The present review mitigates this shortcoming by hierarchically exploring within an ecotoxicology framework applied to integrated pest management the myriad effects of insecticide use on arthropod pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil;
| | - G Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - J D Stark
- Puyallup Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371-4900;
| | - N Desneux
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France;
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Su Q, Oliver KM, Xie W, Wu Q, Wang S, Zhang Y. The whitefly‐associated facultative symbiont
Hamiltonella defensa
suppresses induced plant defences in tomato. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
- College of Plant Protection Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China
| | - Kerry M. Oliver
- Department of Entomology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
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47
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Klassen JL. Microbial secondary metabolites and their impacts on insect symbioses. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 4:15-22. [PMID: 28043403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
All insects host communities of microbes that interact both with the insect and each other. Secondary metabolites are understood to mediate many of these interactions, although examples having robust genetic, chemical and/or ecological evidence are relatively rare. Here, I review secondary metabolites mediating community interactions in the beewolf, entomopathogenic nematode and fungus-growing ant symbioses, using the logic of Koch's postulates to emphasize well-validated symbiotic functions mediated by these metabolites. I especially highlight how these interaction networks are structured by both ecological and evolutionary processes, and how selection acting on secondary metabolite production can be multidimensional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Klassen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3125, USA.
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Bistolas KSI, Sakamoto RI, Fernandes JAM, Goffredi SK. Symbiont polyphyly, co-evolution, and necessity in pentatomid stinkbugs from Costa Rica. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:349. [PMID: 25076943 PMCID: PMC4097960 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interdomain symbioses with bacteria allow insects to take advantage of underutilized niches and provide the foundation for their evolutionary success in neotropical ecosystems. The gut microbiota of 13 micro-allopatric tropical pentatomid species, from a Costa Rican lowland rainforest, was characterized and compared with insect and host plant phylogenies. Like other families within the Pentatomomorpha, these insects (within seven genera—Antiteuchus, Arvelius, Edessa, Euschistus, Loxa, Mormidea, and Sibaria) house near-monocultures of gamma-proteobacteria in midgut crypts, comprising three distinct lineages within the family Enterobacteriaceae. Identity of the dominant bacteria (78–100% of the recovered 16S rRNA genes) was partially congruent with insect phylogeny, at the level of subfamily and tribe, with bacteria closely related to Erwinia observed in six species of the subfamily Pentatominae, and bacteria in a novel clade of Enterobacteriaceae for seven species within the subfamilies Edessinae and Discocephalinae. Symbiont replacement (i.e., bacterial “contamination” from the environment) may occur during maternal transmission by smearing of bacteria onto the egg surfaces during oviposition. This transmission strategy was experimentally confirmed for Sibaria englemani, and suspected for four species from two subfamilies, based on observation of egg probing by nymphs. Symbiont-deprived S. englemani, acquired via egg surface sterilization, exhibited significantly extended second instars (9.1 days compared with 7.9 days for symbiotic nymphs; p = 0.0001, Wilcoxon's rank with Bonferroni correction), slower linearized growth rates (p = 0.005, Welch 2-sample t-test), and qualitative differences in ceca morphology, including increased translucency of crypts, elongation of extracellular cavities, and distribution of symbionts, compared to symbiotic nymphs. Combined, these results suggest a role of the symbiont in host development, the reliable transference of symbionts via egg surfaces, and a suggestion of co-evolution between symbiont and tropical pentatomid host insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José A M Fernandes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará Belém-Pará, Brazil
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Maintenance of primary cell cultures of immunocytes from Cacopsylla spp. psyllids: a new in vitro tool for the study of crop pest insects. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:797-801. [PMID: 24934235 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary cell cultures of immunocytes have been developed from the three psyllid species Cacopsylla melanoneura, Cacopsylla pyri (vectors of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri', respectively) and Cacopsylla crataegi. The medium most suitable of those evaluated was Hert-Hunter 70 (HH70) psyllid medium. In fact, good survival and proliferation of the Cacopsylla immunocytes for over 60 d were observed, with mitosis activities starting at 15-d post culture. Moreover, adhesion and phagocytosis activities were confirmed for all the psyllid cell cultures by functionality tests. Morphological examination of cultured immunocytes revealed the presence of different cell types in all the three psyllid species in accordance to published data about insect immunocytes. The in vitro maintenance of psyllid immunocytes represents a powerful tool for a wide range of applications, especially for psyllid cell biology. In particular, in-depth studies on the biology of psyllids as vector insects as well as analyses to understand the mechanisms behind the interactions with pathogens and symbionts are now possible. These cultures can be used as an in vitro model to study psyllid humoral immune responses, which also will allow in-depth investigations on the abilities of psyllids as vectors of phytoplasmas. All these applications provide new opportunities to develop more focused and specific pest control strategies.
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