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Xie ZF, Wang SY, Gao Y, Zhang YD, Han YN, Huang J, Gao MN, Wang CG. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD): two potential mechanisms in cognitive function. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05091-0. [PMID: 39138750 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) impacts a significant number of patients annually, frequently impairing their cognitive abilities and resulting in unfavorable clinical outcomes. Aimed at addressing cognitive impairment, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a therapeutic approach, which was used in many mental disordered diseases, through the modulation of vagus nerve activity. In POCD model, the enhancement of cognition function provided by VNS was shown, demonstrating VNS effect on cognition in POCD. In the present study, we primarily concentrates on elucidating the role of the VNS improving the cognitive function in POCD, via two potential mechanisms: the inflammatory microenvironment and epigenetics. This study provided a theoretical support for the feasibility that VNS can be a potential method to enhance cognition function in POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Feng Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Graduate College, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya-Nan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Graduate College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Graduate College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Mei-Na Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Chun-Guang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Northern Great Wall Street 320#, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
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Weiler M, Stieger KC, Shroff K, Klein JP, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Chandrasekaran P, Lehrmann E, Camandola S, Long JM, Mattson MP, Becker KG, Rapp PR. Transcriptional changes in the rat brain induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1215291. [PMID: 38021223 PMCID: PMC10679736 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1215291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique that uses pulsed magnetic fields to affect the physiology of the brain and central nervous system. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to study and treat several neurological conditions, but its complex molecular basis is largely unexplored. Methods Utilizing three experimental rat models (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) and employing genome-wide microarray analysis, our study reveals the extensive impact of rTMS treatment on gene expression patterns. Results These effects are observed across various stimulation protocols, in diverse tissues, and are influenced by time and age. Notably, rTMS-induced alterations in gene expression span a wide range of biological pathways, such as glutamatergic, GABAergic, and anti-inflammatory pathways, ion channels, myelination, mitochondrial energetics, multiple neuron-and synapse-specific genes. Discussion This comprehensive transcriptional analysis induced by rTMS stimulation serves as a foundational characterization for subsequent experimental investigations and the exploration of potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weiler
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin C. Stieger
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kavisha Shroff
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jessie P. Klein
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William H. Wood
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Prabha Chandrasekaran
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Long
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter R. Rapp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Merchant JP, Zhu K, Henrion MYR, Zaidi SSA, Lau B, Moein S, Alamprese ML, Pearse RV, Bennett DA, Ertekin-Taner N, Young-Pearse TL, Chang R. Predictive network analysis identifies JMJD6 and other potential key drivers in Alzheimer's disease. Commun Biol 2023; 6:503. [PMID: 37188718 PMCID: PMC10185548 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of genetic studies on late-onset Alzheimer's disease, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To better comprehend its complex etiology, we use an integrative approach to build robust predictive (causal) network models using two large human multi-omics datasets. We delineate bulk-tissue gene expression into single cell-type gene expression and integrate clinical and pathologic traits, single nucleotide variation, and deconvoluted gene expression for the construction of cell type-specific predictive network models. Here, we focus on neuron-specific network models and prioritize 19 predicted key drivers modulating Alzheimer's pathology, which we then validate by knockdown in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. We find that neuronal knockdown of 10 of the 19 targets significantly modulates levels of amyloid-beta and/or phosphorylated tau peptides, most notably JMJD6. We also confirm our network structure by RNA sequencing in the neurons following knockdown of each of the 10 targets, which additionally predicts that they are upstream regulators of REST and VGF. Our work thus identifies robust neuronal key drivers of the Alzheimer's-associated network state which may represent therapeutic targets with relevance to both amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie P Merchant
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kuixi Zhu
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marc Y R Henrion
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, PO Box 30096, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Syed S A Zaidi
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Branden Lau
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Research Labs, Genetics Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sara Moein
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa L Alamprese
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Richard V Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rui Chang
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- INTelico Therapeutics LLC, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- PATH Biotech LLC, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Guo Y, Luo N, Kang X. Potential mechanism of the Shunaoxin pill for preventing cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Neurol 2022; 13:977953. [PMID: 36341127 PMCID: PMC9633951 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.977953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to analyze the efficacy and mechanism of action of the Shunaoxin pill in preventing cognitive impairment in diabetic patients using network pharmacology. Methods The main active compounds of the Shunaoxin pills and their action targets were identified via the TCMSP and Batman-TCM databases. The GEO database was used to identify the genes in type 2 diabetic individuals associated with cognitive impairment. Subsequently, a common target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database, and targets associated with diabetes and cognitive impairment were screened by performing a topological analysis of the PPI network. The AutoDock Vina software was used for molecular docking to evaluate the reliability of the bioinformatic analysis predictions and validate the interactions between the active ingredients of the Shunaoxin pill and proteins associated with diabetes and cognitive impairment. Results Based on the TCMSP and Batman-Tcm platform, 48 active ingredients of the Shunaoxin pill were identified, corresponding to 222 potential action targets. Further analysis revealed that 18 active components of the Shunaoxin pill might contribute to cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that the active ingredients of the Shunaoxin pill (hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, and angelicin) targeted four core proteins: OPRK1, GABRA5, GABRP, and SCN3B. Conclusion Active ingredients of the Shunaoxin pill may alleviate cognitive impairment in diabetic patients by targeting the proteins OPRK1, GABRA5, GABRP, and SCN3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuejie Guo
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xueran Kang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Basic Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Baker EC, Earnhardt AL, Cilkiz KZ, Collins HC, Littlejohn BP, Cardoso RC, Ghaffari N, Long CR, Riggs PK, Randel RD, Welsh TH, Riley DG. DNA methylation patterns and gene expression from amygdala tissue of mature Brahman cows exposed to prenatal stress. Front Genet 2022; 13:949309. [PMID: 35991551 PMCID: PMC9389044 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.949309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress can alter postnatal performance and temperament of cattle. These phenotypic effects may result from changes in gene expression caused by stress-induced epigenetic alterations. Specifically, shifts in gene expression caused by DNA methylation within the brain’s amygdala can result in altered behavior because it regulates fear, stress response and aggression in mammals Thus, the objective of this experiment was to identify DNA methylation and gene expression differences in the amygdala tissue of 5-year-old prenatally stressed (PNS) Brahman cows compared to control cows. Pregnant Brahman cows (n = 48) were transported for 2-h periods at 60 ± 5, 80 ± 5, 100 ± 5, 120 ± 5, and 140 ± 5 days of gestation. A non-transported group (n = 48) were controls (Control). Amygdala tissue was harvested from 6 PNS and 8 Control cows at 5 years of age. Overall methylation of gene body regions, promoter regions, and cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) islands were compared between the two groups. In total, 202 genes, 134 promoter regions, and 133 CpG islands exhibited differential methylation (FDR ≤ 0.15). Following comparison of gene expression in the amygdala between the PNS and Control cows, 2 differentially expressed genes were identified (FDR ≤ 0.15). The minimal differences observed could be the result of natural changes of DNA methylation and gene expression as an animal ages, or because this degree of transportation stress was not severe enough to cause lasting effects on the offspring. A younger age may be a more appropriate time to assess methylation and gene expression differences produced by prenatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie C. Baker
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Audrey L. Earnhardt
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Overton, TX, United States
| | - Kubra Z. Cilkiz
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Haley C. Collins
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Brittni P. Littlejohn
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Overton, TX, United States
| | - Rodolfo C. Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Noushin Ghaffari
- Department of Computer Science, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
| | - Charles R. Long
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Overton, TX, United States
| | - Penny K. Riggs
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ronald D. Randel
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Overton, TX, United States
| | - Thomas H. Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, United States
| | - David G. Riley
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: David G. Riley,
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Vander Velden JW, Osborne DM. Prolonged diet-induced obesity modifies DNA methylation and gene expression in the hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2022; 780:136656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Chao CC, Shen PW, Tzeng TY, Kung HJ, Tsai TF, Wong YH. Human iPSC-Derived Neurons as A Platform for Deciphering the Mechanisms behind Brain Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1635. [PMID: 34829864 PMCID: PMC8615703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased life expectancy among humans, aging has recently emerged as a major focus in biomedical research. The lack of in vitro aging models-especially for neurological disorders, where access to human brain tissues is limited-has hampered the progress in studies on human brain aging and various age-associated neurodegenerative diseases at the cellular and molecular level. In this review, we provide an overview of age-related changes in the transcriptome, in signaling pathways, and in relation to epigenetic factors that occur in senescent neurons. Moreover, we explore the current cell models used to study neuronal aging in vitro, including immortalized cell lines, primary neuronal culture, neurons directly converted from fibroblasts (Fib-iNs), and iPSC-derived neurons (iPSC-iNs); we also discuss the advantages and limitations of these models. In addition, the key phenotypes associated with cellular senescence that have been observed by these models are compared. Finally, we focus on the potential of combining human iPSC-iNs with genome editing technology in order to further our understanding of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and discuss the future directions and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Chao
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-F.T.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Tzeng
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-F.T.)
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Wong
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Differential Retinoic Acid Signaling in the Hippocampus of Aged Rats with and without Memory Impairment. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0120-21.2021. [PMID: 34417282 PMCID: PMC8442538 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0120-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, has many physiological functions, and mounting evidence points to important roles in cognition. In vitro experiments indicate that RA is involved in homeostatic synaptic scaling in the hippocampus, which supports overall network stability during learning. It has been previously determined that disrupted RA signaling in the hippocampus causes deterioration of memory, that RA signaling declines with age in brain, and that application of RA reverses this decline. Here, we explore whether RA signaling is altered in an animal model of neurocognitive aging. We used a Morris water maze protocol to study cognitive decline in aged rats, which assesses hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and reveals substantial interindividual differences in aged animals. Aged unimpaired (AU) rats perform on par with young (Y), while aged impaired (AI) animals exhibit spatial memory deficits. We show that the major substrate for RA, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), is decreased in AU rats, and retinol cell surface receptor declines with chronological age. Other affected components of RA signaling include selective increases in AI animals in hippocampal synthesis (RALDH1) and catabolism of RA (CYP26B1), RA receptor α, the RA regulated ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR1), as well as fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). The results support the conclusion that, surprisingly, increased RA signaling in the aged hippocampus is associated with poor cognitive outcome.
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Weiler M, Moreno-Castilla P, Starnes HM, Melendez ELR, Stieger KC, Long JM, Rapp PR. Effects of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in aged rats depend on pre-treatment cognitive status: Toward individualized intervention for successful cognitive aging. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1219-1225. [PMID: 34400378 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has shown initial promise in combating age-related cognitive decline and dementia. The nature and severity of cognitive aging, however, varies markedly between individuals. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that the distinct constellation of brain changes responsible for individual differences in cognitive aging might influence the response to rTMS. METHODS Cognitive effects of rTMS were evaluated using a rat model of cognitive aging in which aged rats are classified as Aged-Impaired (AI) or -Unimpaired (AU) relative to young (Y) according to their performance in the Morris water maze. Several weeks later, following presentation of a sample odor in an olfactory recognition task, rats received either sham (Y, n = 9; AU, n = 8; AI, n = 9) or intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (Y, n = 8; AU, n = 8; AI, n = 9). Memory was tested 24 h later. RESULTS Recognition memory in the sham and stimulated conditions depended on pre-treatment cognitive status in the aged rats. Y and AU sham rats displayed robust odor recognition, whereas sham-treated AI rats exhibited no retention. In contrast, rTMS treated AI rats showed robust retention, comparable in magnitude to Y, whereas the AU stimulated scored at chance. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with a perspective that the unique neurobiology associated with variability in cognitive aging modulates the response to rTMS. Protocols with documented efficacy in young adults may have unexpected outcomes in aging or neurodegenerative conditions, requiring individualized approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weiler
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Hannah M Starnes
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Edward L R Melendez
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Kevin C Stieger
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Long
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, USA.
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10
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Fan XY, Shi G, Zhao P. Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposure Impairs Learning and Memory by the Hypermethylation of Hippocampal Synaptic Genes. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:895-904. [PMID: 33052583 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane anesthesia is widely used in pediatric patients. Clinical studies report memory impairment in those exposed to general anesthesia early in life. DNA methylation is essential for the modulation of synaptic plasticity through regulating the transcription of synaptic genes. Therefore, we tested whether neonatal sevoflurane exposure affects learning and memory underlying the hippocampal DNA methylation of synaptic genes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 3% sevoflurane or air for 2 h daily from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P9. 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-AZA), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before sevoflurane or air exposure on P7-9. The rats were euthanized 6, 12, 24 h, and 28 days after the last sevoflurane exposure, followed by the determination of global and gene-specific DNA methylation. The expression of synaptic proteins and synaptic density and the transcription of Dnmts and ten eleven translocations (Tets) in the hippocampus were measured. The ability of learning and memory was assessed using Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and intruder tests. Repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposure impaired cognitive, social, and spatial memory. The memory impairment was associated with the increased Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and 5-methylcytosine level and the decreased Tet1 and 5-hydromethylcytosine level. Sevoflurane subsequently induced hypermethylation of Shank2, Psd95, Syn1, and Syp gene and down-regulated the expression of synaptic proteins, which finally led to the decrease of synaptic density in a time-dependent manner. Notably, 5-AZA pretreatment ameliorated learning and memory in sevoflurane-treated rats. In conclusion, neonatal exposure to sevoflurane can impair learning and memory through DNA methylation of synaptic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Neurology, Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Mohammadnejad A, Soerensen M, Baumbach J, Mengel‐From J, Li W, Lund J, Li S, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Hjelmborg JVB, Tan Q. Novel DNA methylation marker discovery by assumption-free genome-wide association analysis of cognitive function in twins. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13293. [PMID: 33528912 PMCID: PMC7884045 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Privileged by rapid increase in available epigenomic data, epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) are to make a profound contribution to understand the molecular mechanism of DNA methylation in cognitive aging. Current statistical methods used in EWAS are dominated by models based on multiple assumptions, for example, linear relationship between molecular profiles and phenotype, normal distribution for the methylation data and phenotype. In this study, we applied an assumption-free method, the generalized correlation coefficient (GCC), and compare it to linear models, namely the linear mixed model and kinship model. We use DNA methylation associated with a cognitive score in 400 and 206 twins as discovery and replication samples respectively. DNA methylation associated with cognitive function using GCC, linear mixed model, and kinship model, identified 65 CpGs (p < 1e-04) from discovery sample displaying both nonlinear and linear correlations. Replication analysis successfully replicated 9 of these top CpGs. When combining results of GCC and linear models to cover diverse patterns of relationships, we identified genes like KLHDC4, PAPSS2, and MRPS18B as well as pathways including focal adhesion, axon guidance, and some neurological signaling. Genomic region-based analysis found 15 methylated regions harboring 11 genes, with three verified in gene expression analysis, also the 11 genes were related to top functional clusters including neurohypophyseal hormone and maternal aggressive behaviors. The GCC approach detects valuable methylation sites missed by traditional linear models. A combination of methylation markers from GCC and linear models enriched biological pathways sensible in neurological function that could implicate cognitive performance and cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Mohammadnejad
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BiodemographyDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Mette Soerensen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BiodemographyDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Unit of Human GeneticsDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Computational BiomedicineDepartment of Mathematics and Computer ScienceUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Chair of Experimental BioinformaticsTUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Jonas Mengel‐From
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BiodemographyDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Unit of Human GeneticsDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Weilong Li
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BiodemographyDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Population Research UnitFaculty of Social SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jesper Lund
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BiodemographyDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Digital Health & Machine Learning Research GroupHasso Plattner Institute for Digital EngineeringPotsdamGermany
| | - Shuxia Li
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BiodemographyDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BiodemographyDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyCopenhagen University HospitalRigshospitaletCopenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BiodemographyDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Unit of Human GeneticsDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Jacob V. B. Hjelmborg
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BiodemographyDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BiodemographyDepartment of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Unit of Human GeneticsDepartment of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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12
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Franco-Enzástiga Ú, García G, Murbartián J, González-Barrios R, Salinas-Abarca AB, Sánchez-Hernández B, Tavares-Ferreira D, Herrera LA, Barragán-Iglesias P, Delgado-Lezama R, Price TJ, Granados-Soto V. Sex-dependent pronociceptive role of spinal α 5 -GABA A receptor and its epigenetic regulation in neuropathic rodents. J Neurochem 2020; 156:897-916. [PMID: 32750173 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extrasynaptic α5 -subunit containing GABAA (α5 -GABAA ) receptors participate in chronic pain. Previously, we reported a sex difference in the action of α5 -GABAA receptors in dysfunctional pain. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to examine this sexual dimorphism in neuropathic rodents and the mechanisms involved. Female and male Wistar rats or ICR mice were subjected to nerve injury followed by α5 -GABAA receptor inverse agonist intrathecal administration, L-655,708. The drug produced an antiallodynic effect in nerve-injured female rats and mice, and a lower effect in males. We hypothesized that changes in α5 -GABAA receptor, probably influenced by hormonal and epigenetic status, might underlie this sex difference. Thus, we performed qPCR and western blot. Nerve injury increased α5 -GABAA mRNA and protein in female dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and decreased them in DRG and spinal cord of males. To investigate the hormonal influence over α5 -GABAA receptor actions, we performed nerve injury to ovariectomized rats and reconstituted them with 17β-estradiol (E2). Ovariectomy abrogated L-655,708 antiallodynic effect and E2 restored it. Ovariectomy decreased α5 -GABAA receptor and estrogen receptor α protein in DRG of neuropathic female rats, while E2 enhanced them. Since DNA methylation might contribute to α5 -GABAA receptor down-regulation in males, we examined CpG island DNA methylation of α5 -GABAA receptor coding gene through pyrosequencing. Nerve injury increased methylation in male, but not female rats. Pharmacological inhibition of DNA methyltransferases increased α5 -GABAA receptor and enabled L-655,708 antinociceptive effect in male rats. These results suggest that α5 -GABAA receptor is a suitable target to treat chronic pain in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úrzula Franco-Enzástiga
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janet Murbartián
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ana B Salinas-Abarca
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Hernández
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Tavares-Ferreira
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paulino Barragán-Iglesias
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Cinvestav, Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Theodore J Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Queen NJ, Hassan QN, Cao L. Improvements to Healthspan Through Environmental Enrichment and Lifestyle Interventions: Where Are We Now? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:605. [PMID: 32655354 PMCID: PMC7325954 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental paradigm that is used to explore how a complex, stimulating environment can impact overall health. In laboratory animal experiments, EE housing conditions typically include larger-than-standard cages, abundant bedding, running wheels, mazes, toys, and shelters which are rearranged regularly to further increase stimulation. EE has been shown to improve multiple aspects of health, including but not limited to metabolism, learning and cognition, anxiety and depression, and immunocompetence. Recent advances in lifespan have led some researchers to consider aging as a risk factor for disease. As such, there is a pressing need to understand the processes by which healthspan can be increased. The natural and predictable changes during aging can be reversed or decreased through EE and its underlying mechanisms. Here, we review the use of EE in laboratory animals to understand mechanisms involved in aging, and comment on relative areas of strength and weakness in the current literature. We additionally address current efforts toward applying EE-like lifestyle interventions to human health to extend healthspan. Although increasing lifespan is a clear goal of medical research, improving the quality of this added time also deserves significant attention. Despite hurdles in translating experimental results toward clinical application, we argue there is great potential in using features of EE toward improving human healthy life expectancy or healthspan, especially in the context of increased global longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Quais N. Hassan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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14
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Yang GS, Mi X, Jackson-Cook CK, Starkweather AR, Lynch Kelly D, Archer KJ, Zou F, Lyon DE. Differential DNA methylation following chemotherapy for breast cancer is associated with lack of memory improvement at one year. Epigenetics 2019; 15:499-510. [PMID: 31793401 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1699695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological basis underlying cognitive dysfunction in women with early-stage breast cancer (BC) remains unclear, but could reflect gene expression changes that arise from the acquisition and long-term retention of soma-wide alterations in DNA methylation in response to chemotherapy. In this longitudinal study, we identified differences in peripheral methylation patterns present in women prior to treatment (T1) and 1 year after receiving chemotherapy (T4) and evaluated relationships among the differential methylation (DM) ratios with changes in cognitive function. A total of 58 paired (T1 and T4) blood specimens were evaluated. Methylation values were determined for DNA isolated from whole blood using a genome-wide array . Cognitive function was measured using the validated, computerized CNS Vital Signs platform. Relationships between methylation patterns and cognitive domain scores were compared using a stepwise linear regression analysis, with demographic variables as covariates. The symptom comparison analysis was restricted to 2,199 CpG positions showing significant methylation ratio changes between T1 and T4. The positions with DM were enriched for genes involved in the modulation of cytokine concentrations. Significant DM ratios were associated with memory domain (56 CpGs). Eight of the ten largest DM ratio changes associated with lack of memory improvement were localized to genes involved in either neural function (ECE2, PPFIBP2) or signalling processes (USP6NL, RIPOR2, KLF5, UBE2V1, DGKA, RPS6KA1). These results suggest that epigenetic changes acquired and retained for at least one year in non-tumour cells following chemotherapy may be associated with a lack of memory improvement following treatment in BC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee Su Yang
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xinlei Mi
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, NY, USA
| | - Colleen K Jackson-Cook
- Departments of Pathology and Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Debra Lynch Kelly
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kellie J Archer
- Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Debra E Lyon
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, USA
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15
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Harman MF, Martín MG. Epigenetic mechanisms related to cognitive decline during aging. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:234-246. [PMID: 31045277 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a hallmark of the aging nervous system, characterized by increasing memory loss and a deterioration of mental capacity, which in turn creates a favorable context for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. One of the most detrimental alterations that occur at the molecular level in the brain during aging is the modification of the epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. As a result of these epigenetic-driven changes in the transcriptome most of the functions of the brain including synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory decline with aging. The epigenetic mechanisms altered during aging include DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome remodeling, and microRNA-mediated gene regulation. In this review, we examine the current evidence concerning the changes of epigenetic modifications together with the molecular mechanisms underlying impaired neuronal gene transcription during aging. Herein, we discuss the alterations of DNA methylation pattern that occur in old neurons. We will also describe the most prominent age-related histone posttranslational modifications in the brain since changes in acetylation and methylation of specific lysine residues on H3 and H4 are associated to functional decline in the old. In addition, we discuss the role that changes in the levels of certain miRNAs would play in cognitive decline with aging. Finally, we provide an overview about the mechanisms either extrinsic or intrinsic that would trigger epigenetic changes in the aging brain, and the consequences of these changes, i.e., altered transcriptional profile and reactivation of transposable elements in old brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Harman
- Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauricio G Martín
- Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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16
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In Vitro Neuroprotection of Rat Hippocampal Neurons by Manninotriose and Astragaloside IV Against Corticosterone-Induced Toxicity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123339. [PMID: 30562980 PMCID: PMC6321307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronically elevated glucocorticoid level impairs memory and cognition. Manninotriose is the main oligosaccharide of Prepared Radix Rehmanniae, and Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the primary ingredient of Astragali Radix; they have been reported to possess neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Manninotriose and AS-IV on corticosterone (CORT) induced neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms. Primary cultured hippocampal neurons from newborn Sprague Dawley rats were treated with CORT in the absence or presence of Manninotriose and AS-IV. Cell Counting Kit-8 experiments and fluorescein diacetate (FDA)/propidium iodide (PI) double staining were conducted to assess the activity and survival rate of neurons. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), zinc finger protein (Zif268) and synapsin 1 (SYN1). DNA methylation of the gene promoter was assessed by bisulfite sequencing (BSP) analysis. The results demonstrated that pre-treatment with Manninotriose and AS-IV significantly improved cell viability and survival rate, and ameliorated the downregulation of GR, Zif268 and SYN1 genes in CORT injured neurons. BSP analysis revealed that CORT was able to improve the CpG island methylation rate of SYN1. AS-IV was observed to decrease the hypermethylation of the SYN1 gene induced by CORT. The results of the present study indicated that Manninotriose and AS-IV may have a protective effect against CORT-induced damage and the downregulation of learning and memory associated genes in hippocampal neurons. Regulation of DNA methylation may be important in the pharmaceutical activities of AS-IV. Thus, Manninotriose and AS-IV may be effective agents against learning and memory impairment.
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17
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Tran T, Gallagher M, Kirkwood A. Enhanced postsynaptic inhibitory strength in hippocampal principal cells in high-performing aged rats. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:92-101. [PMID: 30007169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity within the hippocampal formation, frequently observed in aged individuals, is thought to be a potential contributing mechanism to the memory decline often associated with aging. Consequently, we evaluated the postsynaptic strength of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus and CA1 pyramidal cells of a rat model of aging, in which each individual was behaviorally characterized as aged impaired (AI) or aged unimpaired (AU, with performance comparable to young (Y) individuals). In hippocampal slices of these 3 aged groups (Y, AI, AU), we found that compared to the young, the miniature excitatory and inhibitory currents (mEPSCs and mIPSCs) were larger in amplitude in the granule cells of the AU group and smaller in the AI group. In contrast, in CA1 cells, neither the mEPSCs nor the mIPSCs were affected by age, whereas the extrasynaptic conductance responsible for tonic inhibition was selectively enhanced in CA1 cells of AU individuals. Tonic inhibition conductance was not affected by age in the granule cells. These results support the notion that upregulation of synaptic inhibition could be a necessary condition for the maintenance of performance during aging. These findings also underscore the notions that successful aging requires adaptive upregulation, not merely the preservation of youthful functionality, and that age effects are not homogeneous across hippocampal subfields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Tran
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Gene expression in the aging brain depends on transcription signals generated by senescent physiology, interacting with genetic and epigenetic programs. In turn, environmental factors influence epigenetic mechanisms, such that an epigenetic-environmental link may contribute to the accumulation of cellular damage, susceptibility or resilience to stressors, and variability in the trajectory of age-related cognitive decline. Epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation and histone modifications, alter chromatin structure and the accessibility of DNA. Furthermore, small non-coding RNA, termed microRNA (miRNA) bind to messenger RNA (mRNA) to regulate translation. In this review, we examine key questions concerning epigenetic mechanisms in regulating the expression of genes associated with brain aging and age-related cognitive decline. In addition, we highlight the interaction of epigenetics with senescent physiology and environmental factors in regulating transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolie D Barter
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas C Foster
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,2 Genetics and Genomics Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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19
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Singh P, Srivas S, Thakur MK. Epigenetic Regulation of Memory-Therapeutic Potential for Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:1208-1221. [PMID: 28393704 PMCID: PMC5725549 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170404144522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory is a vital function which declines in different physiological and pathological conditions such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Research in the past has reported that memory formation and consolidation require the precise expression of synaptic plasticity genes. However, little is known about the regulation of these genes. Epigenetic modification is now a well established mechanism that regulates synaptic plasticity genes and neuronal functions including memory. Therefore, we have reviewed the epigenetic regulation of memory and its therapeutic potential for memory dysfunction during aging and neurological disorders. METHOD Research reports and online contents relevant to epigenetic regulation of memory during physiological and pathological conditions have been compiled and discussed. RESULTS Epigenetic modifications include mainly DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone acetylation and methylation which involve chromatin modifying enzymes. These epigenetic marks change during memory formation and impairment due to dementia, aging and neurodegeneration. As the epigenetic modifications are reversible, they can be modulated by enzyme inhibitors leading to the recovery of memory. CONCLUSION Epigenetic modifications could be exploited as a potential therapeutic target to recover memory disorders during aging and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabh Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Sweta Srivas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - M K Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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20
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Agba OB, Lausser L, Huse K, Bergmeier C, Jahn N, Groth M, Bens M, Sahm A, Gall M, Witte OW, Kestler HA, Schwab M, Platzer M. Tissue-, sex-, and age-specific DNA methylation of rat glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter and insulin-like growth factor 2 imprinting control region. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:690-702. [PMID: 28916632 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00009.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-, sex-, and age-specific epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation are largely unknown. Changes in DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and imprinting control region (ICR) of IGF2 and H19 genes during the lifespan are particularly interesting since these genes are susceptible to epigenetic modifications by prenatal stress or malnutrition. They are important regulators of development and aging. Methylation changes of NR3C1 affect glucocorticoid receptor expression, which is associated with stress sensitivity and stress-related diseases predominantly occurring during aging. Methylation changes of IGF2/H19 affect growth trajectory and nutrient use with risk of metabolic syndrome. Using a locus-specific approach, we characterized DNA methylation patterns of different Nr3c1 promoters and Igf2/H19 ICR in seven tissues of rats at 3, 9, and 24 mo of age. We found a complex pattern of locus-, tissue-, sex-, and age-specific DNA methylation. Tissue-specific methylation was most prominent at the shores of the Nr3c1 CpG island (CGI). Sex-specific differences in methylation peaked at 9 mo. During aging, Nr3c1 predominantly displayed hypomethylation mainly in females and at shores, whereas hypermethylation occurred within the CGI. Igf2/H19 ICR exhibited age-related hypomethylation occurring mainly in males. Methylation patterns of Nr3c1 in the skin correlated with those in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Skin may serve as proxy for methylation changes in central parts of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hence for vulnerability to stress- and age-associated diseases. Thus, we provide in-depth insight into the complex DNA methylation changes of rat Nr3c1 and Igf2/H19 during aging that are tissue and sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogechukwu Brenda Agba
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ludwig Lausser
- Systems Biology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Klaus Huse
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Bergmeier
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Niels Jahn
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; and.,Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Bens
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Arne Sahm
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Gall
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Systems Biology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany;
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21
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Ianov L, Riva A, Kumar A, Foster TC. DNA Methylation of Synaptic Genes in the Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated with Aging and Age-Related Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:249. [PMID: 28824413 PMCID: PMC5539085 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates DNA methylation as a possible epigenetic regulator of transcription associated with aging and cognitive function. Young and aged male Fischer 344 rats were behaviorally characterized on a set shifting task, and whole genome bisulfite sequencing was employed to profile the DNA methylome of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). DNA methylation was also compared to RNA expression in the mPFC from the same animals. Variability in methylation was mainly observed for CpG sites as opposed to CHG and CHH sites. Gene bodies, specifically introns, contain the highest levels of methylation. During aging, hypermethylation was observed for genes linked to synaptic function and GTPase activity. Furthermore, impaired cognitive flexibility during aging was associated with hypermethylation of genes linked to postsynaptic density, dendrites, the axon terminus, and Ca2+ channels. Finally, comparison with RNA expression confirmed that hypermethylation was correlated with decreased expression of synaptic genes. The results indicate that DNA methylation over the lifespan contributes to synaptic modification observed in brain aging and age-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ianov
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States.,Genetics and Genomics Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States
| | - Alberto Riva
- Bioinformatics Core, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States.,Genetics and Genomics Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, United States
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Kovalchuk A, Kolb B. Chemo brain: From discerning mechanisms to lifting the brain fog-An aging connection. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1345-1349. [PMID: 28657421 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1334022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that cancer treatments cause numerous deleterious effects, including central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. Chemotherapy-caused CNS side effects encompass changes in cognitive function, memory, and attention, to name a few. Although chemotherapy treatment-induced side effects occur in 16-75% of all patients, the mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. We have recently proposed a new epigenetic theory of chemo brain and, in a pioneer study, determined that cytotoxic chemotherapy agents induce oxidative DNA damage and affect molecular and epigenetic processes in the brain, and may be associated with brain aging processes. In this paper, we discuss the implications of chemo brain epigenetic effects and future perspectives, as well as outline potential links with brain aging and future translational research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovalchuk
- a Department of Neuroscience , University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , Toronto , ON Alberta Epigenetics Network, AB
| | - Bryan Kolb
- a Department of Neuroscience , University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , Toronto , ON Alberta Epigenetics Network, AB
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23
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Selective lowering of synapsins induced by oligomeric α-synuclein exacerbates memory deficits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4648-E4657. [PMID: 28533388 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704698114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that soluble oligomeric forms of amyloid proteins linked to neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, or α-synuclein (αSyn) might be the major deleterious species for neuronal function in these diseases. Here, we found an abnormal accumulation of oligomeric αSyn species in AD brains by custom ELISA, size-exclusion chromatography, and nondenaturing/denaturing immunoblotting techniques. Importantly, the abundance of αSyn oligomers in human brain tissue correlated with cognitive impairment and reductions in synapsin expression. By overexpressing WT human αSyn in an AD mouse model, we artificially enhanced αSyn oligomerization. These bigenic mice displayed exacerbated Aβ-induced cognitive deficits and a selective decrease in synapsins. Following isolation of various soluble αSyn assemblies from transgenic mice, we found that in vitro delivery of exogenous oligomeric αSyn but not monomeric αSyn was causing a lowering in synapsin-I/II protein abundance. For a particular αSyn oligomer, these changes were either dependent or independent on endogenous αSyn expression. Finally, at a molecular level, the expression of synapsin genes SYN1 and SYN2 was down-regulated in vivo and in vitro by αSyn oligomers, which decreased two transcription factors, cAMP response element binding and Nurr1, controlling synapsin gene promoter activity. Overall, our results demonstrate that endogenous αSyn oligomers can impair memory by selectively lowering synapsin expression.
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24
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Neurosteroids Involvement in the Epigenetic Control of Memory Formation and Storage. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:5985021. [PMID: 28090360 PMCID: PMC5206442 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5985021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory is our ability to store and remember past experiences; it is the result of changes in neuronal circuits of specific brain areas as the hippocampus. During memory formation, neurons integrate their functions and increase the strength of their connections, so that synaptic plasticity is improved and consolidated. All these processes recruit several proteins at the synapses, whose expression is highly regulated by DNA methylation and histone tails posttranslational modifications. Steroids are known to influence memory process, and, among them, neurosteroids are implicated in neurodegenerative disease related to memory loss and cognitive impairment. The epigenetic control of neurosteroids involvement in memory formation and maintenance could represent the basis for neuroregenerative therapies.
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Abstract
This article highlights the defining principles, progress, and future directions in epigenetics research in relation to this Special Issue. Exciting studies in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry have provided new insights into the epigenetic factors (e.g., DNA methylation) that are responsive to environmental input and serve as biological pathways in behavioral development. Here we highlight the experimental evidence, mainly from animal models, that factors such as psychosocial stress and environmental adversity can become encoded within epigenetic factors with functional consequences for brain plasticity and behavior. We also highlight evidence that epigenetic marking of genes in one generation can have consequences for future generations (i.e., inherited), and work with humans linking epigenetics, cognitive dysfunction, and psychiatric disorder. Though epigenetics has offered more of a beginning than an answer to the centuries-old nature-nurture debate, continued research is certain to yield substantial information regarding biological determinants of central nervous system changes and behavior with relevance for the study of developmental psychopathology.
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Penner MR, Parrish RR, Hoang LT, Roth TL, Lubin FD, Barnes CA. Age-related changes in Egr1 transcription and DNA methylation within the hippocampus. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1008-20. [PMID: 26972614 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aged animals show functional alterations in hippocampal neurons that lead to deficits in synaptic plasticity and changes in cognitive function. Transcription of immediate-early genes (IEGs), including Egr1, is necessary for processes such as long-term potentiation and memory consolidation. Here, we show an age-related reduction in the transcription of Egr1 in the dentate gyrus following spatial behavior, whereas in the area CA1, Egr1 is reduced at rest, but its transcription can be effectively driven by spatial behavior to levels equivalent to those observed in adult animals. One mechanism possibly contributing to these aging-related changes is an age-associated, CpG site-specific change in methylation in DNA associated with the promoter region of the Egr1 gene. Our results add to a growing body of work demonstrating that complex transcriptional and epigenetic changes in the hippocampus significantly contribute to brain and cognitive aging. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Penner
- Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - R R Parrish
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - L T Hoang
- Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - T L Roth
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - F D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology and Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - C A Barnes
- Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Department Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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27
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Chen C, Meng SQ, Xue YX, Han Y, Sun CY, Deng JH, Chen N, Bao YP, Zhang FL, Cao LL, Zhu WG, Shi J, Song WH, Lu L. Epigenetic modification of PKMζ rescues aging-related cognitive impairment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22096. [PMID: 26926225 PMCID: PMC4772003 DOI: 10.1038/srep22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition is impacted by aging. However, the mechanisms that underlie aging-associated cognitive impairment are unclear. Here we showed that cognitive decline in aged rats was associated with changes in DNA methylation of protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) in the prelimbic cortex (PrL). PKMζ is a crucial molecule involved in the maintenance of long-term memory. Using different behavioral models, we confirmed that aged rats exhibited cognitive impairment in memory retention test 24 h after training, and overexpression of PKMζ in the PrL rescued cognitive impairment in aged rats. After fear conditioning, the protein levels of PKMζ and the membrane expression of GluR2 increased in the PrL in young and adult rats but not in aged rats, and the levels of methylated PKMζ DNA in the PrL decreased in all age groups, whereas the levels of unmethylated PKMζ DNA increased only in young and adult rats. We also found that environmentally enriched housing reversed the hypermethylation of PKMζ and restored cognitive performance in aged rats. Inactivation of PKMζ prevented the potentiating effects of environmental enrichment on memory retention in aged rats. These results indicated that PKMζ might be a potential target for the treatment of aging-related cognitive impairment, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shi-Qiu Meng
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Sun
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia-Hui Deng
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Chen
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei-Long Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin-Lin Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Hong Song
- Brain Research Centre, Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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28
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Jia M, Liu WX, Sun HL, Chang YQ, Yang JJ, Ji MH, Yang JJ, Feng CZ. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, attenuates postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aging mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:52. [PMID: 26441515 PMCID: PMC4585136 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a recognized clinical entity characterized with cognitive deficits after anesthesia and surgery, especially in aged patients. Previous studies have shown that histone acetylation plays a key role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory formation. However, its role in POCD remains to be determined. Here, we show that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, attenuates POCD in aging Mice. After exposed to the laparotomy, a surgical procedure involving an incision into abdominal walls to examine the abdominal organs, 16- but not 3-month old male C57BL/6 mice developed obvious cognitive impairments in the test of long-term contextual fear conditioning. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of SAHA at the dose of (20 μg/2 μl) 3 h before and daily after the laparotomy restored the laparotomy-induced reduction of hippocampal acetyl-H3 and acetyl-H4 levels and significantly attenuated the hippocampus-dependent long-term memory (LTM) impairments in 16-month old mice. SAHA also reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII) pathway, and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synapsin 1, and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95). Taken together, our data suggest that the decrease of histone acetylation contributes to POCD and may serve as a target to improve the neurological outcome of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Xue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing, China
| | - He-Liang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Qing Chang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College Xuzhou, China ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology Xuzhou, China
| | - Mu-Huo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College Xuzhou, China ; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology Xuzhou, China
| | - Chen-Zhuo Feng
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
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29
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Morris MJ, Monteggia LM. Role of DNA methylation and the DNA methyltransferases in learning and memory. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 25364286 PMCID: PMC4214178 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2014.16.3/mmorris] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of chromatin structure in postmitotic neurons plays an important role in learning and memory. Methylation of cytosine nucleotides has historically been considered the strongest and least modifiable of epigenetic marks. Accumulating recent data suggest that rapid and dynamic methylation and demethylation of specific genes in the brain may play a fundamental role in learning, memory formation, and behavioral plasticity. The current review focuses on the emergence of data that support the role of DNA methylation and demethylation, and its molecular mediators in memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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30
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Fortress AM, Frick KM. Epigenetic regulation of estrogen-dependent memory. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:530-49. [PMID: 24878494 PMCID: PMC4174980 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal memory formation is highly regulated by post-translational histone modifications and DNA methylation. Accordingly, these epigenetic processes play a major role in the effects of modulatory factors, such as sex steroid hormones, on hippocampal memory. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that the ability of the potent estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) to enhance hippocampal-dependent novel object recognition memory in ovariectomized female mice requires ERK-dependent histone H3 acetylation and DNA methylation in the dorsal hippocampus. Although these data provide valuable insight into the chromatin modifications that mediate the memory-enhancing effects of E2, epigenetic regulation of gene expression is enormously complex. Therefore, more research is needed to fully understand how E2 and other hormones employ epigenetic alterations to shape behavior. This review discusses the epigenetic alterations shown thus far to regulate hippocampal memory, briefly reviews the effects of E2 on hippocampal function, and describes in detail our work on epigenetic regulation of estrogenic memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Fortress
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States
| | - Karyn M Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States.
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31
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Spiegel AM, Sewal AS, Rapp PR. Epigenetic contributions to cognitive aging: disentangling mindspan and lifespan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:569-74. [PMID: 25227252 PMCID: PMC4175498 DOI: 10.1101/lm.033506.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure provide a mechanistic interface for gene–environment interactions that impact the individualization of health trajectories across the lifespan. A growing body of research indicates that dysfunctional epigenetic regulation contributes to poor cognitive outcomes among aged populations. Here we review neuroepigenetic research as it relates to cognitive aging, focusing specifically on memory function mediated by the hippocampal system. Recent work that differentiates epigenetic contributions to chronological aging from influences on mindspan, or the preservation of normal cognitive abilities across the lifespan, is also highlighted. Together, current evidence indicates that while age-related memory impairment is associated with dysfunction in the coordinated regulation of chromatin modification, animal models that show individual differences in cognitive outcome underscore the enormous mechanistic complexity that surrounds epigenetic dynamics in the aged hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Spiegel
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Angila S Sewal
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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32
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Marco A, Kisliouk T, Tabachnik T, Meiri N, Weller A. Overweight and CpG methylation of the Pomc promoter in offspring of high-fat-diet-fed dams are not "reprogrammed" by regular chow diet in rats. FASEB J 2014; 28:4148-57. [PMID: 24928196 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-255620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether epigenetic malprogramming induced by high-fat diet (HFD) has an obesogenic effect on nonmated and mated female rats and their offspring. Further, it aimed to reprogram offspring's epigenetic malprogramming and phenotype by providing normal diet after weaning. Body weight (BW) was measured, and plasma and hypothalamic arcuate nuclei were collected for analysis of hormones, mRNA, and DNA CpG methylation of the promoter of Pomc, a key factor in control of food intake. In nonmated females, HFD decreased Pomc/leptin ratio by ∼38%. This finding was associated with Pomc promoter hypermethylation. While heavier during pregnancy, during lactation HFD dams showed sharper BW decrease (2.5-fold) and loss of Pomc promoter hypermethylation. Moreover, their weight loss was correlated with demethylation (r=-0.707) and with gadd45b mRNA expression levels (r=0.905). Even though offspring of HFD dams ate standard chow from weaning, they displayed increased BW, Pomc promoter hypermethylation, and vulnerability to HFD challenge (3-fold kilocalorie intake increase). These findings demonstrate a long-term effect of maternal HFD on CpG methylation of the Pomc promoter in the offspring, which was not reprogrammed by standard chow from weaning. Further, the results suggest a possible mechanism of demethylation of the Pomc promoter following pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Marco
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Gonda Brain Research Center, and
| | - Tatiana Kisliouk
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Noam Meiri
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Gonda Brain Research Center, and Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and
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33
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Gatta V, D'Aurora M, Granzotto A, Stuppia L, Sensi SL. Early and sustained altered expression of aging-related genes in young 3xTg-AD mice. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1054. [PMID: 24525730 PMCID: PMC3944230 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological condition associated with a genetic profile that is still not completely understood. In this study, using a whole gene microarray approach, we investigated age-dependent gene expression profile changes occurring in the hippocampus of young and old transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) and wild-type (WT) mice. The aim of the study was to assess similarities between aging- and AD-related modifications of gene expression and investigate possible interactions between the two processes. Global gene expression profiles of hippocampal tissue obtained from 3xTg-AD and WT mice at 3 and 12 months of age (m.o.a.) were analyzed by hierarchical clustering. Interaction among transcripts was then studied with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software, a tool that discloses functional networks and/or pathways associated with sets of specific genes of interest. Cluster analysis revealed the selective presence of hundreds of upregulated and downregulated transcripts. Functional analysis showed transcript involvement mainly in neuronal death and autophagy, mitochondrial functioning, intracellular calcium homeostasis, inflammatory response, dendritic spine formation, modulation of synaptic functioning, and cognitive decline. Thus, overexpression of AD-related genes (such as mutant APP, PS1, and hyperphosphorylated tau, the three genes that characterize our model) appears to favor modifications of additional genes that are involved in AD development and progression. The study also showed overlapping changes in 3xTg-AD at 3 m.o.a. and WT mice at 12 m.o.a., thereby suggesting altered expression of aging-related genes that occurs earlier in 3xTg-AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gatta
- Functional Genetics Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, ‘G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti, Italy
| | - M D'Aurora
- Functional Genetics Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, ‘G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Granzotto
- Molecular Neurology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), Chieti, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- Functional Genetics Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, ‘G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti, Italy
| | - S L Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, ‘G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti, Italy
- Molecular Neurology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), Chieti, Italy
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Abstract
Although all neurons carry the same genetic information, they vary considerably in morphology and functions and respond differently to environmental conditions. Such variability results mostly from differences in gene expression. Among the processes that regulate gene activity, epigenetic mechanisms play a key role and provide an additional layer of complexity to the genome. They allow the dynamic modulation of gene expression in a locus- and cell-specific manner. These mechanisms primarily involve DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histones and noncoding RNAs that together remodel chromatin and facilitate or suppress gene expression. Through these mechanisms, the brain gains high plasticity in response to experience and can integrate and store new information to shape future neuronal and behavioral responses. Dynamic epigenetic footprints underlying the plasticity of brain cells and circuits contribute to the persistent impact of life experiences on an individual's behavior and physiology ranging from the formation of long-term memory to the sequelae of traumatic events or of drug addiction. They also contribute to the way lifestyle, life events, or exposure to environmental toxins can predispose an individual to disease. This chapter describes the most prominent examples of epigenetic marks associated with long-lasting changes in the brain induced by experience. It discusses the role of epigenetic processes in behavioral plasticity triggered by environmental experiences. A particular focus is placed on learning and memory where the importance of epigenetic modifications in brain circuits is best understood. The relevance of epigenetics in memory disorders such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease is also addressed, and promising perspectives for potential epigenetic drug treatment discussed.
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35
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Marco A, Kisliouk T, Weller A, Meiri N. High fat diet induces hypermethylation of the hypothalamic Pomc promoter and obesity in post-weaning rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:2844-53. [PMID: 23958347 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Impaired response of the brain to the leptin signal leads to a persisting dysregulation of food intake and energy balance. High plasma leptin or insulin should activate proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor of the anorexigenic neuropeptide α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Nevertheless, in obesity, this signal transduction pathway might be impaired. In this study we investigated whether chronic high fat (HF) diet consumption from post-weaning to adulthood increases CpG methylation of the Pomc promoter. The hypothesis that this would disrupt the essential binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to the Pomc promoter was tested. Male rats were raised from postnatal day 21 till 90 on either HF or standard diet. As a result HF fed rats were significantly heavier, with high leptin and insulin levels in their plasma but almost no changes in ARC mRNA expression levels of Pomc. The Pomc promoter area in the HF-treated rats was found to be hypermethylated. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation in individual rats between CpG methylation at specific sites that affect Sp1 binding and plasma leptin levels and/or body weight. Although, as expected the HF diet resulted in up-regulation of Sp1, the binding of Sp1 to the hypermethylated Pomc promoter was significantly reduced. Therefore, we suggest that hypermethylation on the promoter region of the Pomc gene can emerge at post-lactation periods and interfere with transcription factor binding, thus blocking the effects of high leptin levels, leading to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Marco
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; Gonda Brain Res Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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36
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Epigenetics as a new therapeutic target for postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Med Hypotheses 2012; 80:249-51. [PMID: 23265361 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent memory and learning disabilities may occur postoperatively and may be related to neurodegenerative processes. Epigenetic dysregulation has been implicated to abnormal brain function and neurodegenerative diseases. Some risk factors contributing to postoperative cognitive disorder (POCD) have been identified, including exposure to general anesthesia, hypotension, hypoxia, psychoactive drugs, hippocampal inflammation induced by the surgical intervention, etc. The current evidence supports these risk factors might induce epigenetic dysfunction in the brain. It is possible that epigenetic regulation might be the common downstream pathway of these risk factors, since the chromatin remodeling is necessary for the memory-associated gene transcription and expression. Here, we present our hypothesis that the epigenetic dysregulation might be a critical mechanism underlying POCD. Our hypothesis may lead to a new therapeutic strategy of epigenetic intervention for POCD.
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