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Kanca O, Zirin J, Hu Y, Tepe B, Dutta D, Lin WW, Ma L, Ge M, Zuo Z, Liu LP, Levis RW, Perrimon N, Bellen HJ. An expanded toolkit for Drosophila gene tagging using synthesized homology donor constructs for CRISPR-mediated homologous recombination. eLife 2022; 11:e76077. [PMID: 35723254 PMCID: PMC9239680 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we described a large collection of Drosophila strains that each carry an artificial exon containing a T2AGAL4 cassette inserted in an intron of a target gene based on CRISPR-mediated homologous recombination. These alleles permit numerous applications and have proven to be very useful. Initially, the homologous recombination-based donor constructs had long homology arms (>500 bps) to promote precise integration of large constructs (>5 kb). Recently, we showed that in vivo linearization of the donor constructs enables insertion of large artificial exons in introns using short homology arms (100-200 bps). Shorter homology arms make it feasible to commercially synthesize homology donors and minimize the cloning steps for donor construct generation. Unfortunately, about 58% of Drosophila genes lack a suitable coding intron for integration of artificial exons in all of the annotated isoforms. Here, we report the development of new set of constructs that allow the replacement of the coding region of genes that lack suitable introns with a KozakGAL4 cassette, generating a knock-out/knock-in allele that expresses GAL4 similarly as the targeted gene. We also developed custom vector backbones to further facilitate and improve transgenesis. Synthesis of homology donor constructs in custom plasmid backbones that contain the target gene sgRNA obviates the need to inject a separate sgRNA plasmid and significantly increases the transgenesis efficiency. These upgrades will enable the targeting of nearly every fly gene, regardless of exon-intron structure, with a 70-80% success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Jonathan Zirin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Burak Tepe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Debdeep Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Wen-Wen Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Liwen Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Ming Ge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Lu-Ping Liu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Robert W Levis
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
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Dierick HA, Ben-Shahar Y, Raman B, Gabbiani F. Genetic and viral approaches to record or manipulate neurons in insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 48:79-88. [PMID: 34710643 PMCID: PMC8648980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of genetically encoded tools to record and manipulate neurons in vivo has greatly increased our understanding of how neuronal activity affects behavior. Recent advances enable the use of these tools in species not typically considered genetically tractable. This progress is revolutionizing neuroscience in general, and insect neuroethology in particular. Here we cover the latest innovations and some of their applications in phylogenetically diverse insect species. We discuss the importance and implications of these approaches for both basic and translational research. We focus on genetically encoded and virally encoded tools used for calcium imaging, optogenetics, and synaptic silencing. Finally, we discuss potential future developments of universally applicable, modular, and user-friendly genetic toolkits for neuroethological studies of insect behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman A Dierick
- Dep. of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Baranidharan Raman
- Dep. of Bioengineering, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
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Bakker R, Mani M, Carthew RW. The Wg and Dpp morphogens regulate gene expression by modulating the frequency of transcriptional bursts. eLife 2020; 9:e56076. [PMID: 32568073 PMCID: PMC7340504 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogen signaling contributes to the patterned spatiotemporal expression of genes during development. One mode of regulation of signaling-responsive genes is at the level of transcription. Single-cell quantitative studies of transcription have revealed that transcription occurs intermittently, in bursts. Although the effects of many gene regulatory mechanisms on transcriptional bursting have been studied, it remains unclear how morphogen gradients affect this dynamic property of downstream genes. Here we have adapted single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) for use in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc in order to measure nascent and mature mRNA of genes downstream of the Wg and Dpp morphogen gradients. We compared our experimental results with predictions from stochastic models of transcription, which indicated that the transcription levels of these genes appear to share a common method of control via burst frequency modulation. Our data help further elucidate the link between developmental gene regulatory mechanisms and transcriptional bursting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Bakker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Madhav Mani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Richard W Carthew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
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4
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Zhang XB, Dong W, Li KX, Wang JJ, Shen J, Moussian B, Zhang JZ. Flexible manipulation of Omb levels in the endogenous expression region of Drosophila wing by combinational overexpression and suppression strategy. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:14-21. [PMID: 31246335 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating an exogenous or endogenous gene of interest at a defined level is critical for a wide variety of experiments. The Gal4/UAS system has been widely used to direct gene expression for studying complex genetic and biological problems in Drosophila melanogaster and other model organisms. Driven by a given tissue-specific Gal4, expressing UAS-transgene or UAS-RNAi (RNA interference) could be used to up- or down-regulate target gene expression, respectively. However, the efficiency of the Gal4/UAS system is roughly predefined by properties of transposon vector constructs and the insertion site in the transgenic stock. Here, we describe a simple way to modulate optomotor blind (omb) expression levels in its endogenous expression region of the wing disc. We co-expressed UAS-omb and UAS-omb-RNAi together under the control of dpp-Gal4 driver which is expressed in the omb expression region of the wing pouch. The repression effect is more sensitive to temperature than that of overexpression. At low temperature, overexpression plays a dominant role but the efficiency is attenuated by UAS-omb-RNAi. In contrast, at high temperature RNAi predominates in gene expression regulation. By this strategy, we could manipulate omb expression levels at a moderate level. It allows us to manipulate omb expression levels in the same tissue between overexpression and repression at different stages by temperature control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Bo Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Institute of Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Applied Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, Dresden, Germany
- iBV, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Kai-Xia Li
- Institute of Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- Institute of Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Institute of Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Applied Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, Dresden, Germany
- iBV, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Jian-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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5
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Quarta C, Fisette A, Xu Y, Colldén G, Legutko B, Tseng YT, Reim A, Wierer M, De Rosa MC, Klaus V, Rausch R, Thaker VV, Graf E, Strom TM, Poher AL, Gruber T, Le Thuc O, Cebrian-Serrano A, Kabra D, Bellocchio L, Woods SC, Pflugfelder GO, Nogueiras R, Zeltser L, Grunwald Kadow IC, Moon A, García-Cáceres C, Mann M, Treier M, Doege CA, Tschöp MH. Functional identity of hypothalamic melanocortin neurons depends on Tbx3. Nat Metab 2019; 1:222-235. [PMID: 32694784 PMCID: PMC8291379 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous populations of hypothalamic neurons orchestrate energy balance via the release of specific signatures of neuropeptides. However, how specific intracellular machinery controls peptidergic identities and function of individual hypothalamic neurons remains largely unknown. The transcription factor T-box 3 (Tbx3) is expressed in hypothalamic neurons sensing and governing energy status, whereas human TBX3 haploinsufficiency has been linked with obesity. Here, we demonstrate that loss of Tbx3 function in hypothalamic neurons causes weight gain and other metabolic disturbances by disrupting both the peptidergic identity and plasticity of Pomc/Cart and Agrp/Npy neurons. These alterations are observed after loss of Tbx3 in both immature hypothalamic neurons and terminally differentiated mouse neurons. We further establish the importance of Tbx3 for body weight regulation in Drosophila melanogaster and show that TBX3 is implicated in the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into hypothalamic Pomc neurons. Our data indicate that Tbx3 directs the terminal specification of neurons as functional components of the melanocortin system and is required for maintaining their peptidergic identity. In summary, we report the discovery of a key mechanistic process underlying the functional heterogeneity of hypothalamic neurons governing body weight and systemic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Quarta
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Fisette
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gustav Colldén
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beata Legutko
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Reim
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Wierer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maria Caterina De Rosa
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Klaus
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rick Rausch
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vidhu V Thaker
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Poher
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim Gruber
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ophélia Le Thuc
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Cebrian-Serrano
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dhiraj Kabra
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephen C Woods
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Metabolic Diseases Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gert O Pflugfelder
- Institute of Developmental and Neurobiology. Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lori Zeltser
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ilona C Grunwald Kadow
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Freising, Germany
| | - Anne Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Clinic, Danville PA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mathias Treier
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia A Doege
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Pflugfelder G, Eichinger F, Shen J. T-Box Genes in Drosophila Limb Development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 122:313-354. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tsai YC, Grimm S, Chao JL, Wang SC, Hofmeyer K, Shen J, Eichinger F, Michalopoulou T, Yao CK, Chang CH, Lin SH, Sun YH, Pflugfelder GO. Optomotor-blind negatively regulates Drosophila eye development by blocking Jak/STAT signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120236. [PMID: 25781970 PMCID: PMC4363906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ formation requires a delicate balance of positive and negative regulators. In Drosophila eye development, wingless (wg) is expressed at the lateral margins of the eye disc and serves to block retinal development. The T-box gene optomotor-blind (omb) is expressed in a similar pattern and is regulated by Wg. Omb mediates part of Wg activity in blocking eye development. Omb exerts its function primarily by blocking cell proliferation. These effects occur predominantly in the ventral margin. Our results suggest that the primary effect of Omb is the blocking of Jak/STAT signaling by repressing transcription of upd which encodes the Jak receptor ligand Unpaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Stefan Grimm
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Biozentrum, Lehrstuhl für Genetik und Neurobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ju-Lan Chao
- Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chin Wang
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kerstin Hofmeyer
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Biozentrum, Lehrstuhl für Genetik und Neurobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jie Shen
- Institut für Genetik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Chi-Kuang Yao
- Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Han Lin
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y. Henry Sun
- Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YHS); (GOP)
| | - Gert O. Pflugfelder
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Biozentrum, Lehrstuhl für Genetik und Neurobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Genetik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail: (YHS); (GOP)
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8
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Gnerer JP, Venken KJT, Dierick HA. Gene-specific cell labeling using MiMIC transposons. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:e56. [PMID: 25712101 PMCID: PMC4417149 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary expression systems such as GAL4/UAS, LexA/LexAop and QF/QUAS have greatly enhanced the power of Drosophila as a model organism by allowing spatio-temporal manipulation of gene function as well as cell and neural circuit function. Tissue-specific expression of these heterologous transcription factors relies on random transposon integration near enhancers or promoters that drive the binary transcription factor embedded in the transposon. Alternatively, gene-specific promoter elements are directly fused to the binary factor within the transposon followed by random or site-specific integration. However, such insertions do not consistently recapitulate endogenous expression. We used Minos-Mediated Integration Cassette (MiMIC) transposons to convert host loci into reliable gene-specific binary effectors. MiMIC transposons allow recombinase-mediated cassette exchange to modify the transposon content. We developed novel exchange cassettes to convert coding intronic MiMIC insertions into gene-specific binary factor protein-traps. In addition, we expanded the set of binary factor exchange cassettes available for non-coding intronic MiMIC insertions. We show that binary factor conversions of different insertions in the same locus have indistinguishable expression patterns, suggesting that they reliably reflect endogenous gene expression. We show the efficacy and broad applicability of these new tools by dissecting the cellular expression patterns of the Drosophila serotonin receptor gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Gnerer
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Koen J T Venken
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Dan L. Ducan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Program in Integrative and Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Herman A Dierick
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Sen A, Grimm S, Hofmeyer K, Pflugfelder GO. Optomotor-blindin the Development of theDrosophilaHS and VS Lobula Plate Tangential Cells. J Neurogenet 2014; 28:250-63. [DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2014.917645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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