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Olusanya OA, Bednarczyk RA, Davis RL, Shaban-Nejad A. Addressing Parental Vaccine Hesitancy and Other Barriers to Childhood/Adolescent Vaccination Uptake During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663074. [PMID: 33815424 PMCID: PMC8012526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine childhood immunizations are proven to be one of the most effective public health interventions at controlling numerous deadly diseases. Therefore, the CDC recommends routine immunizations for children and adolescent populations against vaccine-preventable diseases e.g., tetanus, pertussis, diphtheria, etc. This current review sought to examine barriers to pediatric vaccine uptake behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also explored the implications for parental vaccine hesitancy/delay during an ongoing health crisis and proposed recommendations for increasing vaccine confidence and compliance. Our review determined that the receipt for vaccinations steadily improved in the last decade for both the United States and Tennessee. However, this incremental progress has been forestalled by the COVID-19 pandemic and other barriers i.e. parental vaccine hesitancy, social determinants of health (SDoH) inequalities, etc. which further exacerbate vaccination disparities. Moreover, non-compliance to routine vaccinations could cause an outbreak of diseases, thereby, worsening the ongoing health crisis and already strained health care system. Healthcare providers are uniquely positioned to offer effective recommendations with presumptive languaging to increase vaccination rates, as well as, address parental vaccine hesitancy. Best practices that incorporate healthcare providers' quality improvement coaching, vaccination reminder recall systems, adherence to standardized safety protocols (physical distancing, hand hygiene practices, etc.), as well as, offer telehealth and outdoor/drive-through/curbside vaccination services, etc. are warranted. Additionally, a concerted effort should be made to utilize public health surveillance systems to collect, analyze, and interpret data, thereby, ensuring the dissemination of timely, accurate health information for effective health policy decision-making e.g., vaccine distribution, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunto A. Olusanya
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Robert A. Bednarczyk
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert L. Davis
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Arash Shaban-Nejad
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Mellerson JL, Street E, Knighton C, Calhoun K, Seither R, Underwood JM. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's School Vaccination Assessment: Collaboration With US State, Local, and Territorial Immunization Programs, 2012-2018. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:1092-1097. [PMID: 32437281 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.305643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To describe the ongoing collaboration of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) school vaccination assessment with state, local, and territorial immunization programs to provide data to monitor school entry vaccination.Methods. Departments of health and education partner to collect data from public school, private school, and homeschooled kindergartners in the 50 US states, the District of Columbia, 2 cities, and the US territories. Immunization programs submit vaccination coverage and exemption data to the CDC, and the CDC reports these data annually via multiple sources.Results. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the number of programs using a census for vaccination coverage data increased from 39 to 41 during the school years 2012-2013 to 2017-2018 (which for most states was August or September through May or June), and the number using a census to collect exemption data increased from 40 to 46. The number of states that reported sharing their local-level vaccination coverage data online increased from 11 in 2012-2013 to 31 in 2017-2018.Conclusions. Coverage data can be used to address undervaccination among kindergartners to work with communities and schools that are susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. As more states publish local-level data online, access to improved data provides the public more valuable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenelle L Mellerson
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jenelle L. Mellerson is also with Certified Technical Experts, Montgomery, AL. Erica Street is also with the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN. Kayla Calhoun is also with CyberData Technologies, Herndon, VA
| | - Erica Street
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jenelle L. Mellerson is also with Certified Technical Experts, Montgomery, AL. Erica Street is also with the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN. Kayla Calhoun is also with CyberData Technologies, Herndon, VA
| | - Cynthia Knighton
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jenelle L. Mellerson is also with Certified Technical Experts, Montgomery, AL. Erica Street is also with the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN. Kayla Calhoun is also with CyberData Technologies, Herndon, VA
| | - Kayla Calhoun
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jenelle L. Mellerson is also with Certified Technical Experts, Montgomery, AL. Erica Street is also with the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN. Kayla Calhoun is also with CyberData Technologies, Herndon, VA
| | - Ranee Seither
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jenelle L. Mellerson is also with Certified Technical Experts, Montgomery, AL. Erica Street is also with the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN. Kayla Calhoun is also with CyberData Technologies, Herndon, VA
| | - J Michael Underwood
- All authors are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Jenelle L. Mellerson is also with Certified Technical Experts, Montgomery, AL. Erica Street is also with the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN. Kayla Calhoun is also with CyberData Technologies, Herndon, VA
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Fighting the good fight: the fallout of fake news in infection prevention and why context matters. J Hosp Infect 2018; 100:365-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Construcción, fiabilidad y exactitud de un cuestionario para evaluar el conocimiento de médicos ginecoobstetras y residentes de ginecología y obstetricia sobre vacunas en el embarazo y lactancia. PERINATOLOGÍA Y REPRODUCCIÓN HUMANA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rprh.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sherman MP, Pritzl CJ, Xia C, Miller MM, Zaghouani H, Hahm B. Lactoferrin acts as an adjuvant during influenza vaccination of neonatal mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:766-70. [PMID: 26478433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Health policy precludes neonatal vaccination against influenza. Hence, morbidity and mortality are high under 6 months of age. Lactoferrin may activate diminished numbers of dysfunctional dendritic cells and reverse neonatal vaccine failures. Aluminum hydroxide/ALUM recruits neutrophils that secrete lactoferrin at deposition sites of antigen. We theorized lactoferrin + influenza antigen initiates an equivalent antibody response compared to ALUM. Three-day-old mice received subcutaneously 30 μg of H1N1 hemagglutinin + 200 μg of bovine lactoferrin versus hemagglutinin + ALUM. Controls received hemagglutinin, lactoferrin, or ALUM. After 21 days, sera measured anti-H1N1 (ELISA) and neutralizing antibody (plaque assays). ELISA detected equal antibody production with lactoferrin + hemagglutinin compared to hemagglutinin + ALUM; both sera also neutralized H1N1 virus at a 1:20 dilution (p < 0.01). Controls had no anti-H1N1 antibody. Neonates given lactoferrin had no anaphylaxis when challenged four weeks later. Lactoferrin is a safe and effective adjuvant for inducing antibody against influenza in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Sherman
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Curtis J Pritzl
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Chuan Xia
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Mindy M Miller
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Habib Zaghouani
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Hedari CP, Khinkarly RW, Dbaibo GS. Meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine: a new conjugate vaccine against invasive meningococcal disease. Infect Drug Resist 2014; 7:85-99. [PMID: 24729718 PMCID: PMC3979687 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s36243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive meningococcal disease is a serious infection that occurs worldwide. It is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, of which six serogroups (A, B, C, W-135, X, and Y) are responsible for most infections. The case fatality rate of meningococcal disease remains high and can lead to significant sequelae. Vaccination remains the best strategy to prevent meningococcal disease. Polysaccharide vaccines were initially introduced in the late 1960s but their limitations (poor immunogenicity in infants and toddlers and hyporesponsiveness after repeated doses) have led to the development and use of meningococcal conjugate vaccines, which overcome these limitations. Two quadrivalent conjugated meningococcal vaccines – MenACWY-DT (Menactra®) and MenACWY-CRM197 (Menveo®) – using diphtheria toxoid or a mutant protein, respectively, as carrier proteins have already been licensed in the US. Recently, a quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine conjugated to tetanus toxoid (MenACWY-TT; Nimenrix®) was approved for use in Europe in 2012. The immunogenicity of MenACWY-TT, its reactogenicity and safety profile, as well as its coadministration with other vaccines are discussed in this review. Clinical trials showed that MenACWY-TT was immunogenic in children above the age of 12 months, adolescents, and adults, and has an acceptable reactogenicity and safety profile. Its coadministration with several other vaccines that are commonly used in children, adolescents, and adults did not affect the immunogenicity of MenACWY-TT or the coadministered vaccine, nor did it affect its reactogenicity and safety. Other studies are now ongoing in order to determine the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of MenACWY-TT in infants from the age of 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine P Hedari
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima W Khinkarly
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan S Dbaibo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Richter D, Anca I, André FE, Bakir M, Chlibek R, Čižman M, Mangarov A, Mészner Z, Pokorn M, Prymula R, Salman N, Šimurka P, Tamm E, Tešović G, Urbančíková I, Usonis V, Wysocki J, Zavadska D. Immunization of high-risk paediatric populations: Central European Vaccination Awareness Group recommendations. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:801-15. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.897615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zahlanie YC, Hammadi MM, Ghanem ST, Dbaibo GS. Review of meningococcal vaccines with updates on immunization in adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:995-1007. [PMID: 24500529 PMCID: PMC4896590 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningococcal disease is a serious and global life-threatening disease. Six serogroups (A, B, C, W-135, X, and Y) account for the majority of meningococcal disease worldwide. Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines were introduced several decades ago and have led to the decline in the burden of disease. However, polysaccharide vaccines have several limitations, including poor immunogenicity in infants and toddlers, short-lived protection, lack of immunologic memory, negligible impact on nasopharyngeal carriage, and presence of hyporesponsiveness after repeated doses. The chemical conjugation of plain polysaccharide vaccines has the potential to overcome these drawbacks. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines include the quadrivalent vaccines (MenACWY-DT, MenACWY-CRM, and MenACWY-TT) as well as the monovalent A and C vaccines. These conjugate vaccines were shown to elicit strong immune response in adults. This review addresses the various aspects of meningococcal disease, the limitations posed by polysaccharide vaccines, the different conjugate vaccines with their immunogenicity and reactogenicity in adults, and the current recommendations in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorgo C Zahlanie
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Moza M Hammadi
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Soha T Ghanem
- Department of Pediatrics; Makassed General Hospital; Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan S Dbaibo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut, Lebanon
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