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Sanchez-Felipe L, Alpizar YA, Ma J, Coelmont L, Dallmeier K. YF17D-based vaccines - standing on the shoulders of a giant. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250133. [PMID: 38571392 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF17D) was developed in the 1930s as the first ever empirically derived human vaccine. Ninety years later, it is still a benchmark for vaccines made today. YF17D triggers a particularly broad and polyfunctional response engaging multiple arms of innate, humoral and cellular immunity. This unique immunogenicity translates into an extraordinary vaccine efficacy and outstanding longevity of protection, possibly by single-dose immunization. More recently, progress in molecular virology and synthetic biology allowed engineering of YF17D as a powerful vector and promising platform for the development of novel recombinant live vaccines, including two licensed vaccines against Japanese encephalitis and dengue, even in paediatric use. Likewise, numerous chimeric and transgenic preclinical candidates have been described. These include prophylactic vaccines against emerging viral infections (e.g. Lassa, Zika and SARS-CoV-2) and parasitic diseases (e.g. malaria), as well as therapeutic applications targeting persistent infections (e.g. HIV and chronic hepatitis), and cancer. Efforts to overcome historical safety concerns and manufacturing challenges are ongoing and pave the way for wider use of YF17D-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize recent insights regarding YF17D as vaccine platform, and how YF17D-based vaccines may complement as well as differentiate from other emerging modalities in response to unmet medical needs and for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Sanchez-Felipe
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ji Ma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
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Qi Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang B, Hu S, Chen Y, Ma J, Shu Y, Wang Y, Cheng P. Live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus inhibits glioblastoma growth and elicits potent antitumor immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:982180. [PMID: 37114043 PMCID: PMC10126305 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.982180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive brain tumors that have developed resistance to currently available conventional therapies, including surgery, radiation, and systemic chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the safety of a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine strain (JEV-LAV) virus as an oncolytic virus for intracerebral injection in mice. We infected different GBM cell lines with JEV-LAV to investigate whether it had growth inhibitory effects on GBM cell lines in vitro. We used two models for evaluating the effect of JEV-LAV on GBM growth in mice. We investigated the antitumor immune mechanism of JEV-LAV through flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. We explored the possibility of combining JEV-LAV with PD-L1 blocking therapy. This work suggested that JEV-LAV had oncolytic activity against GBM tumor cells in vitro and inhibited their growth in vivo. Mechanistically, JEV-LAV increased CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumor tissues and remodeled the immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment that is non-conducive to immunotherapy. Consequently, the results of combining JEV-LAV with immune checkpoint inhibitors indicated that JEV-LAV therapy improved the response of aPD-L1 blockade therapy against GBM. The safety of intracerebrally injected JEV-LAV in animals further supported the clinical use of JEV-LAV for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Arboviruses Vaccine, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shichuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Cheng,
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Furuya-Kanamori L, Gyawali N, Mills Mbbs Mphtm DJ, Mills C, Hugo LE, Devine GJ, Lau CL. Immunogenicity of a single fractional intradermal dose of Japanese encephalitis live attenuated chimeric vaccine. J Travel Med 2022; 30:6779982. [PMID: 36308439 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis (JE) is endemic in Asia and the western Pacific. Vaccination is recommended for travellers to endemic regions, but the high cost of the vaccine is a major barrier to uptake. METHODS A quasi-experimental, pre-post intervention clinical trial without a control group was conducted to assess the immunogenicity and safety of intradermal (ID) JE vaccine. Healthy adults (18-45 years) received one dose of 0.1 mL (20% of standard dose) ID Imojev® (JE live attenuated chimeric vaccine, Sanofi-Aventis). Adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs) were recorded 10 days post-vaccination. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks post-vaccination. Neutralising antibodies were measured using 50% plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT50). Seroconversion was defined as PRNT50 titre ≥10. An in vitro study was also conducted to quantify the rate of decay of vaccine potency after reconstitution. RESULTS 51 participants (72.6% females, median age 31 years), all non-reactive to JE virus at baseline were enrolled. Mild and moderate AEFIs were reported by 19.6% of participants; none required medical attention or interfered with normal daily activities. All participants seroconverted at 4 weeks (GMT 249.3; 95%CI:192.8-322.5) and remained seropositive at 8-weeks (GMT 135.5; 95%CI:104.5-175.6). Vaccine potency declined at a rate of 0.14 log plaque-forming units/0.5 mL per hour. CONCLUSIONS In healthy adults, a single 0.1 mL ID dose of Imojev was safe and immunogenic, at least in the short-term. Reconstituted vials of Imojev vaccine may not retain their potency after 6 hours. Fractional JE ID vaccination could be a cheaper yet effective alternative for short-term travellers. Further studies need to investigate the immune response in a wider age range of individuals and the long-term immunogenicity of fractional JE ID vaccines. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ACTRN12621000024842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Furuya-Kanamori
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Narayan Gyawali
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Christine Mills
- Dr Deb The Travel Doctor, Travel Medicine Alliance, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leon E Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gregor J Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen L Lau
- Dr Deb The Travel Doctor, Travel Medicine Alliance, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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Shoushtari M, Roohvand F, Salehi-Vaziri M, Arashkia A, Bakhshi H, Azadmanesh K. Adenovirus vector-based vaccines as forefront approaches in fighting the battle against flaviviruses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2079323. [PMID: 35714271 PMCID: PMC9481145 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2079323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that have been recently considered among the significant public health problems in defined geographical regions. In this line, there have been vaccines approved for some flaviviruses including dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), although the efficiency of such vaccines thought to be questionable. Surprisingly, there are no effective vaccine for many other hazardous flaviviruses, including West Nile and Zika viruses. Furthermore, in spite of approved vaccines for some flaviviruses, for example DENV, alternative prophylactic vaccines seem to be still needed for the protection of a broader population, and it originates from the unsatisfying safety, and the efficacy of vaccines that have been introduced. Thus, adenovirus vector-based vaccine candidates are suggested to be effective, safe, and reliable. Interestingly, recent widespread use of adenovirus vector-based vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance and feasibility of their widespread application. In this review, the applicability of adenovirus vector-based vaccines, as promising approaches to harness the diseases caused by Flaviviruses, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Bakhshi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Fang E, Liu X, Liu X, Li M, Wang L, Li M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yu Y. Investigation of immune response induction by Japanese encephalitis live‐attenuated and chimeric vaccines in mice. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e117. [PMID: 35415706 PMCID: PMC8986025 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese encephalitis (JE) live‐attenuated vaccine SA14‐14‐2 and the chimeric vaccine IMOJEV (JE‐CV) are two kinds of vaccines available for use worldwide. JE‐CV was previously known as ChimeriVax‐JE, that consists of yellow fever vaccine 17D (YFV‐17D) from which the structural genes (prM/E) have been replaced with those of SA14‐14‐2. This study aimed to investigate the neutralizing antibody, protection efficacy, and specific T‐cell response elicited by both vaccines in mice. The neutralizing antibodies produced by JE‐CV were slightly lower than those produced by SA14‐14‐2, but the protection conferred by JE‐CV was considerably lower in the low vaccine dose immunization group. Furthermore, the JE‐CV did not induce a specific T‐cell response against JEV NS3, while it did induce a potent antigen‐specific T‐cell response against the viral backbone vaccine YFV. In conclusion, this study is the first detailed investigation of the cellular immune response to the two vaccines. Enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and flow staining suggest a more potent specific T‐cell response against the JEV antigen was elicited in mice immunized with SA14‐14‐2 but not JE‐CV. Using heterologous flaviviruses as a live‐attenuated vaccine backbone may unlikely generate an optimal T‐cell response against the vaccine strain virus and might affect the protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyue Fang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co., LtD. Wuhan 430207 China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Ming Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Ling Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Miao Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Zelun Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Yuhua Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Yongxin Yu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
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Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an endemic disease dominantly in the Asia-Pacific region with mortality rate varying between 3% and 30%. Long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae developed in 30–50% of the survivors. There is no available antiviral therapy for JE. JE vaccines play a major role in preventing this devastating disease. The incidence of JE declined over years and the age distribution shifted toward adults in countries where JE immunization program exists. Mouse brain–JE vaccine is currently replaced by inactivated Vero cell-derived vaccine and live-attenuated vaccine using SA14-14-2 strain, and live chimeric JE vaccines. These three types of JE vaccines are associated with favorable efficacy and safety profiles. Common adverse reactions include injection site reactions and fever, and severe adverse reactions are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Furuya-Kanamori L, Xu C, Doi SAR, Clark J, Wangdi K, Mills DJ, Lau CL. Comparison of immunogenicity and safety of licensed Japanese encephalitis vaccines: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Vaccine 2021; 39:4429-4436. [PMID: 34175128 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Annually more than 100,000 Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases and 25,000 deaths worldwide are caused by JE virus infection. More than 15 JE vaccines are currently in use worldwide. It is unknown whether any of the vaccines is superior to the others in terms of immunogenicity and safety. METHODS Four databases were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials that compared two or more types of JE vaccines. Vaccines were classified into four classes: inactivated mouse brain-derived (oldest class), inactivated Vero cell, live chimeric, and live attenuated. Network meta-analysis was used to generate mixed effect estimates against inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccines for seroconversion, and against placebo for adverse event (AE) and severe adverse event (SAE). RESULTS 23 studies (38,496 participants) were included. All newer vaccine classes had better immunogenicity, the difference was statistically significant for inactivated Vero cell (OR = 2.98; 95 %CI: 1.02-8.65) and live chimeric (OR = 5.93; 95 %CI: 1.73-20.32) vaccines. Inactivated mouse-derived vaccines had the highest odds for AEs (OR = 2.27; 95 %CI: 1.59-3.23), the odds of AE of newer vaccines was not different to placebo. There was no difference in SAEs across vaccine classes. CONCLUSIONS All newer JE vaccines have comparable safety profiles, live chimeric and inactivated Vero cell vaccines are the most immunogenic among the newer vaccine classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Furuya-Kanamori
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Suhail A R Doi
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Justin Clark
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Deborah J Mills
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Dr Deb The Travel Doctor, Travel Medicine Alliance, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen L Lau
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Dr Deb The Travel Doctor, Travel Medicine Alliance, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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Vannice KS, Hills SL, Schwartz LM, Barrett AD, Heffelfinger J, Hombach J, Letson GW, Solomon T, Marfin AA. The future of Japanese encephalitis vaccination: expert recommendations for achieving and maintaining optimal JE control. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:82. [PMID: 34131150 PMCID: PMC8206071 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against Japanese encephalitis (JE) have been available for decades. Currently, most JE-endemic countries have vaccination programs for their at-risk populations. Even so, JE remains the leading recognized cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. In 2018, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and PATH co-convened a group of independent experts to review JE prevention and control successes, identify remaining scientific and operational issues that need to be addressed, discuss opportunities to further strengthen JE vaccination programs, and identify strategies and solutions to ensure sustainability of JE control during the next decade. This paper summarizes the key discussion points and recommendations to sustain and expand JE control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan L Hills
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Alan D Barrett
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Joachim Hombach
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Tom Solomon
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, and Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Wu D, Chen X, Liu W, Fu S, Li F, Liang G, Yang G, Zheng H, Li J, Yin Z, Li Y, Wang H. Emergence of Japanese encephalitis among adults 40 years of age or older in northern China: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:3415-3423. [PMID: 33283432 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne vaccine preventable infectious disease for which vaccine provides direct protection. China introduced nationwide JE vaccination of young children in 2007, rapidly achieving high coverage. In 2018, 1,800 JE cases were reported in China, with morbidity and mortality rates of 0.13/100,000 and 0.0097/100,000. Nationally, 64% of cases were among adults aged 40 years or older, and in northern China, 82% were among adults, mainly in outbreaks. Severity varied little by age grouping. Compared with the previous 10 years, the proportion and absolute number of cases among adults increased, indicating possible emergence of adult JE in China as childhood JE decreased. We describe JE epidemiology and clinical features nationally and in areas with low endemicity after more than 10 years of routine childhood JE vaccination. Determining population JE seroprevalence should be a priority; vaccination campaigns among adults in high risk areas should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shihong Fu
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Li
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zundong Yin
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yixing Li
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Purpose of review As an eminently vaccine-preventable disease, encephalitis caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has attracted an unusually high degree of attention from those seeking to develop viral vaccines. Since the 1950s, all types of JEV vaccines including inactivated, recombinant and live attenuated ones have been licensed. As an example of an extremely successful endeavour, the time is ripe for reviewing the development of JEV vaccines and probing the reasons behind their uniform success. Recent findings Vaccines against JEV have come a long way since the first licensing in the mid-1950s of the mouse brain-grown-inactivated virus preparations, to the present day live-attenuated virus vaccines. A survey of the various inactivated and live vaccines developed against JEV provides a striking insight into the impressive safety and efficacy of all the vaccines available to prevent encephalitis from JEV. This review juxtaposes studies to understand naturally acquired immunity against JEV that have mostly been published post-2000, compares these with those elicited by vaccines and highlights the paucity of data on cell-mediated immune responses elicited by JEV vaccines. Summary This article not only seeks to make available the immense salient literature on this endeavour in one collection, but also queries the basis for the remarkable success of JEV vaccines, not least of which may be the ease of protecting against encephalitis caused by JEV. To conclude, the true test of the ingenuity of those dedicated to the pursuit of viral vaccines would be success against viral diseases such as HIV-AIDS and dengue that pose a far greater challenge to scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Satchidanandam
- Room SA07, Biology Building, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012 India
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Kim HS, Oh Y, Korejwo J, Castells VB, Yang K. Post-Marketing Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Vaccination with the Live-Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Chimeric Virus Vaccine (Imojev ®) in South Korea, 2015-2019. Infect Dis Ther 2020; 9:589-598. [PMID: 32474892 PMCID: PMC7452989 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV; Imojev®) has been approved in South Korea for use in subjects aged ≥ 12 months since 2015. As part of the license agreement, a post-marketing surveillance study was undertaken to actively monitor the safety profile of JE-CV in the Korean population. METHODS An observational, active safety surveillance study was conducted from 3 April 2015 through to 2 April 2019 at 12 centers in South Korea. Subjects aged ≥ 12 months who received a single dose of JE-CV (primary or booster) during a routine healthcare visit were recruited and followed up for solicited reactions (7 and 14 days for injection site and systemic reactions, respectively), non-serious unsolicited adverse events and serious adverse events within 42 days after vaccination. RESULTS Overall, 810 subjects who received JE-CV were included in our analysis, the majority received the vaccine as a primary vaccination (94.9%; 769/810). There were 179 solicited reactions reported by 111 subjects; the majority of solicited reactions occurred within 0-3 days (80.4%; 144/179), were of 1-3 days' duration (79.3%; 142/179) and of grade 1 intensity (70.9%; 127/179). There were three grade 3 adverse reactions (irritability, pyrexia and malaise); all resolved within a few days. The incidence of solicited reactions were highest in those aged 12 to < 24 months (34.7% [52/150] subjects; 107 events) and 2 to < 10 years (17.8% [8/45] subjects; 14 events). All unsolicited adverse events (serious and non-serious) were unrelated to vaccination. There were no discontinuations due to adverse reactions/events. CONCLUSION JE-CV has a good safety profile under practice conditions in South Korea. No new safety issues were identified. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02933710.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongho Oh
- Sanofi Singapore, South Beach Tower, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Araujo SC, Pereira LR, Alves RPS, Andreata-Santos R, Kanno AI, Ferreira LCS, Gonçalves VM. Anti-Flavivirus Vaccines: Review of the Present Situation and Perspectives of Subunit Vaccines Produced in Escherichia coli. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030492. [PMID: 32878023 PMCID: PMC7564369 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to review the present status of anti-flavivirus subunit vaccines, both those at the experimental stage and those already available for clinical use. Aspects regarding development of vaccines to Yellow Fever virus, (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are highlighted, with particular emphasis on purified recombinant proteins generated in bacterial cells. Currently licensed anti-flavivirus vaccines are based on inactivated, attenuated, or virus-vector vaccines. However, technological advances in the generation of recombinant antigens with preserved structural and immunological determinants reveal new possibilities for the development of recombinant protein-based vaccine formulations for clinical testing. Furthermore, novel proposals for multi-epitope vaccines and the discovery of new adjuvants and delivery systems that enhance and/or modulate immune responses can pave the way for the development of successful subunit vaccines. Nonetheless, advances in this field require high investments that will probably not raise interest from private pharmaceutical companies and, therefore, will require support by international philanthropic organizations and governments of the countries more severely stricken by these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C. Araujo
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Lennon R. Pereira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Rubens P. S. Alves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Alex I. Kanno
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Luis Carlos S. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.S.F.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Viviane M. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.S.F.); (V.M.G.)
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Capeding MR, Alberto E, Feser J, Mooney J, Tang Y, Audet SA, Beeler JA, Ellison DW, Zhang L, Letson GW, Neuzil KM, Marfin AA. Immunogenicity and safety of concurrent or sequential administration of live, attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine (CD-JEV) and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in infants 9-12 months of age in the Philippines: A non-inferiority Phase 4 randomized clinical trial. Vaccine X 2020; 6:100074. [PMID: 33005887 PMCID: PMC7509462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2020.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Live, attenuated SA 14-14-2 JE vaccine is immunogenic when given with MMR vaccine. Live, attenuated SA 14-14-2 JE vaccine is safe when given with MMR vaccine. Live, attenuated SA 14-14-2 JE vaccine may be coadministered with MMR vaccine.
Introduction Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is the leading cause of viral encephalitis across temperate and tropical zones of Asia. The live attenuated SA 14-14-2 JE vaccine (CD-JEV) is one of three vaccines prequalified by the World Health Organization (WHO) to prevent JE. When incorporating a new vaccine into a country’s Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), it is important to show that the new vaccine can be administered concurrently with other routine pediatric vaccines without impairing the immune responses or changing the safety profiles of the co-administered vaccines. This Phase 4 open-label study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine co-administered with CD-JEV. Methods The study randomized 628 healthy Filipino children aged between 9 and 10 months to receive MMR and CD-JEV concurrently or separately. MMR immunogenicity was measured 56 days after MMR vaccination using a measles plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), anti-mumps immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and anti-rubella IgG ELISA, respectively. Neutralizing antibody against JE virus was measured 28 days after CD-JEV vaccination using PRNT. Safety was assessed through solicitation of immediate reactions, adverse events (AEs) within 14 days of vaccination, unsolicited AEs occurring within 28 days, and serious adverse events (SAEs) during participation in the study. Results/Conclusions During the study, no post-vaccinal encephalitis cases or related SAEs were reported in either group. Concurrent immunization with CD-JEV and MMR vaccines was not associated with any unusual safety signals when compared with sequential immunization. No significant differences between the regimens were seen in seropositivity or serology titer/concentration results for any of the antigens. Co-administration of CD-JEV and MMR was non-inferior to single administration of either vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosario Capeding
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, 9002 Research Drive, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Manila 1781, Philippines
| | - Edison Alberto
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, 9002 Research Drive, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, Manila 1781, Philippines
| | - Jodi Feser
- PATH, PO Box 900922, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Susette A Audet
- US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Judy A Beeler
- US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Damon W Ellison
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Lei Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., 379, 3rd, Jinhua Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu 61002, China
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Tran NH, Chansinghakul D, Chong CY, Low CY, Shek LP, Luong CQ, Fargo C, Wartel TA, Sun S, Skipetrova A, Bouckenooghe A. Long-term immunogenicity and safety of tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in healthy populations in Singapore and Vietnam: 4-year follow-up of randomized, controlled, phase II trials. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2315-2327. [PMID: 30724660 PMCID: PMC6816352 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1578595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region. Participants of two immunogenicity and safety phase II studies conducted in Singapore and Vietnam (NCT0088089 and NCT00875524, respectively) were followed for up to four years after third vaccine dose of a recombinant, live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV). Participants (2–45 years) received three doses of CYD-TDV or control at 0, 6, and 12 months. Dengue plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) antibody titers were measured in both studies. Cytokine-producing antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were quantified to assess cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in Singapore. Post-hoc analyses were carried out for participants aged <9 and ≥9 years old. Related and fatal serious adverse events (SAEs) were collected during long-term follow-up. Of participants who received ≥1 CYD-TDV injection in Singapore (n = 1198) and Vietnam (n = 180), 87% and 92% participants completed long-term follow-up, respectively. At four years, geometric mean titers (GMTs) in participants who received CYD-TDV ranged from 30.2 1/dil (95% CI 23.9–38.3) to 73.7 (49.3–110) 1/dil in Vietnam and 9.73 1/dil (95% CI 8.28–11.4) to 21.8 (18.9–25.1) 1/dil in Singapore. Interferon and interleukin-13 levels were lower at four years than one year post-vaccination but were still present. Tumor necrosis factor-α levels at four years were similar to those after the third vaccine dose. Seropositivity rates were higher at year four in participants who were seropositive vs. seronegative at baseline in both studies. No safety concerns were identified. CYD-TDV demonstrated long-term immunogenicity and was well-tolerated for four years after the third vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Huu Tran
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | | | - Chia Yin Chong
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital , Singapore
| | - Chian Yong Low
- Department of Infectious Disease, Singapore General Hospital , Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Chan Quang Luong
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Carina Fargo
- Clinical Sciences and Medical Affairs Departments, Sanofi Pasteur , Singapore
| | - T Anh Wartel
- Clinical Sciences and Medical Affairs Departments, Sanofi Pasteur , Singapore
| | - Sunny Sun
- Biostatistic and Programming Department, Sanofi , Beijing , China
| | | | - Alain Bouckenooghe
- Clinical Sciences and Medical Affairs Departments, Sanofi Pasteur , Singapore
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15
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Barzon L, Palù G. Recent developments in vaccines and biological therapies against Japanese encephalitis virus. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:851-864. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1499721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Yang H, Yang H, Li Z, Liu L, Wang W, He T, Fan F, Sun Y, Liu J, Li Y, Zeng X. Japanese encephalitis virus/yellow fever virus chimera is safe and confers full protection against yellow fever virus in intracerebrally challenged mice. Vaccine 2018; 36:2450-2455. [PMID: 29580643 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), which remains a potential threat to public health. The live-attenuated YF vaccine (17D strain) is a safe and highly effective measure against YF. However, increasing adverse events have been associated with YF vaccinations in recent years; thus, safer, alternative vaccines are needed. In this study, using the Japanese encephalitis live vaccine strain SA14-14-2 as a backbone, a novel chimeric virus was constructed by replacing the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes with their YFV 17D counterparts.The chimeric virus exhibited a reduced growth rate and a much smaller plaque morphology than did either parental virus. Furthermore, the chimera was much less neurovirulent than was YF17D and protected mice that were challenged with a lethal dose of the YF virus. These results suggest that this chimera has potential as a novel attenuated YF vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Yang
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Zhushi Li
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Fengming Fan
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Xianwu Zeng
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China.
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Long-term immunogenicity of an initial booster dose of an inactivated, Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JE-VC) and the safety and immunogenicity of a second JE-VC booster dose in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated, mouse brain-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:1398-1404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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18
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Vu TD, Nguyen QD, Tran HTA, Bosch-Castells V, Zocchetti C, Houillon G. Immunogenicity and safety of a single dose of a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine in Vietnam: A single-arm, single-center study. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 66:137-142. [PMID: 29081368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the immunogenicity and safety of the Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (JE-CV) in children and adults in Vietnam. METHODS In this prospective, open-label, single-center, single-arm study, 250 healthy participants aged 9 months to 60 years received a single dose of JE-CV (IMOJEV®). JE neutralizing antibody titers were assessed at baseline and 28days after vaccination using the 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). Safety and reactogenicity were assessed through solicited and unsolicited adverse events. FINDINGS Seroconversion (titer ≥10 [1/dil] in participants JE seronegative [titer <10] at baseline [per protocol analysis], or a 4-fold rise from a baseline titer ≥10) and seroprotection (titer ≥10 [1/dil]) rates 28days after vaccination were both 98.5% (132/134) in the per protocol analysis, and 82.4% (201/244) and 98.8% (242/245), respectively, in the full analysis set. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) increased in all age groups from Day 0 to Day 28; Day 28/Day 0 GMT ratios were 55.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.4-79.8), 348 (95% CI 211-572), 296 (95% CI 152-576) and 194 (95% CI 13.1-2870) in those aged 9 months to 4 years, 5-11 years, 12-17 years and 18-60 years, respectively, in the per protocol analysis. There were no safety concerns during the study. CONCLUSION A single dose of JE-CV in children and adults aged 9 months to 60 years in Vietnam elicited a protective immune response and was well tolerated with no safety concerns. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02492165).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiem Dinh Vu
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin St., Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
| | - Quang Dang Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1 Yersin St., Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Huong Thi Ai Tran
- Hoa Binh Provincial Preventive Medicine Centre, Hoa Binh Province, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Guy Houillon
- Sanofi Pasteur, 2 Pont Pasteur, 69007 Lyon, France
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Ginsburg AS, Meghani A, Halstead SB, Yaich M. Use of the live attenuated Japanese Encephalitis vaccine SA 14-14-2 in children: A review of safety and tolerability studies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2222-2231. [PMID: 28841362 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1356496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral neurological disease and disability in Asia. Some 50-80% of children with clinical JE die or have long-term neurologic sequelae. Since there is no cure, human vaccination is the only effective long-term control measure, and the World Health Organization recommends that at-risk populations receive a safe and effective vaccine. Four different types of JE vaccines are currently available: inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccines, inactivated Vero cell vaccines, live attenuated SA 14-14-2 vaccines and a live recombinant (chimeric) vaccine. With the rapidly increasing demand for and availability and use of JE vaccines, countries face an important decision in the selection of a JE vaccine. This article provides a comprehensive review of the available safety literature for the live attenuated SA 14-14-2 JE vaccine (LAJEV), the most widely used new generation JE vaccine. With well-established effectiveness data, a single dose of LAJEV protects against clinical JE disease for at least 5 years, providing a long duration of protection compared with inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccines. Since 1988, about 700 million doses of the LAJEV have been distributed globally. Our review found that LAJEV is well tolerated across a wide age range and can safely be given to children as young as 8 months of age. While serious adverse events attributable to LAJEV have been reported, independent experts have not found sufficient evidence for causality based on the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Meghani
- b Department of International Health , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Scott B Halstead
- c Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Abstract
Japanese encephalitis is a flaviviral disease that is endemic to the South, Southeast Asia, and Asia Oceania regions. Given that about 60% of the world’s population (about 7.4 billion) resides in this region (about 4.4 billion), this disease poses a significant threat to global health. Active vaccination campaigns conducted in endemic countries have led to a decrease in the number of reported cases over the years. In this article, we strive to briefly highlight recent advances in understanding the role of microRNAs in disease pathology, focus on providing brief summaries of recent clinical trials in the field of Japanese encephalitis therapeutics, and review the current prophylactic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Kallol Dutta
- Le Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec City, Canada
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21
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Hegde NR, Gore MM. Japanese encephalitis vaccines: Immunogenicity, protective efficacy, effectiveness, and impact on the burden of disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1-18. [PMID: 28301270 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1285472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious public health concern in most of Asia. The disease is caused by JE virus (JEV), a flavivirus transmitted by Culex mosquitoes. Several vaccines have been developed to control JE in endemic areas as well as to protect travelers and military personnel who visit or are commissioned from non-endemic to endemic areas. The vaccines include inactivated vaccines produced in mouse brain or cell cultures, live attenuated vaccines, and a chimeric vaccine based on the live attenuated yellow fever virus 17D vaccine strain. All the marketed vaccines belong to the JEV genotype III, but have been shown to be efficacious against other genotypes and strains, with varying degrees of cross-neutralization, albeit at levels deemed to be protective. The protective responses have been shown to last three or more years, depending on the type of vaccine and the number of doses. This review presents a brief account of the different JE vaccines, their immunogenicity and protective ability, and the impact of JE vaccines in reducing the burden of disease in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra R Hegde
- a Ella Foundation, Genome Valley , Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal , Hyderabad , India
| | - Milind M Gore
- b National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research , Pune , India
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22
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Fan W, Qian S, Qian P, Li X. Antiviral activity of luteolin against Japanese encephalitis virus. Virus Res 2016; 220:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Immunogenicity and Safety of a Booster Dose of a Live Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Chimeric Vaccine Given 1 Year After Primary Immunization in Healthy Children in the Republic of Korea. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2016; 35:e60-4. [PMID: 26535878 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effect of a booster vaccination of a new, live attenuated, Japanese encephalitis chimeric vaccine (JE-CV). Previously this vaccine has been used as a booster 12 months after priming with an inactivated vaccine and at >24 months after priming with the same JE-CV. This study evaluates the immunogenicity and safety of the JE-CV given at 12-24 months after JE-CV priming. METHODS Phase III, open-label study in the Republic of Korea in which 119 children previously vaccinated with JE-CV at 12-24 months of age received a JE-CV booster at 12-24 months after primary vaccination. JE neutralizing antibody titers were measured using >50% plaque reduction neutralization test prebooster and 1 month postbooster vaccination. Seroprotection (SP) was defined as ≥10 (1/dil). Safety was assessed for 28 days postvaccination by parental reports. Serious adverse events were monitored for 6 months postvaccination. RESULTS Antibody persistence was high prebooster (SP rate 93.5%). There was a strong anamnestic response postbooster vaccination, with an SP rate of 100% and a >50-fold increase in geometric mean titer from the prebooster level. Both antibody persistence and the booster response were independent of whether the booster was given at 12-17 or 18-24 months. The safety profile was good and comparable with the primary vaccination; there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events and no deaths. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the suitability of a JE-CV booster vaccination at 12-24 months after a primary dose of the same vaccine given at 12-24 months of age in children in the Republic of Korea.
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Chokephaibulkit K, Houillon G, Feroldi E, Bouckenooghe A. Safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated Japanese encephalitis chimeric virus vaccine (IMOJEV®) in children. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 15:153-66. [PMID: 26588242 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1123097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
JE-CV (IMOJEV®, Sanofi Pasteur, France) is a live attenuated virus vaccine constructed by inserting coding sequences of the prM and E structural proteins of the Japanese encephalitis SA14-14-2 virus into the genome of yellow fever 17D virus. Primary immunization with JE-CV requires a single dose of the vaccine. This article reviews clinical trials of JE-CV in children aged up to 6 years conducted in countries across South-East Asia. Strong and persistent antibody responses were observed after single primary and booster doses, with 97% of children seroprotected up to five years after booster vaccination. Models of long-term antibody persistence predict a median duration of protection of approximately 30 years after a booster dose. The safety and reactogenicity profiles of JE-CV primary and booster doses are comparable to other widely used childhood vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chokephaibulkit
- a Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - G Houillon
- b Global Medical Affairs , Sanofi Pasteur , Lyon , France
| | - E Feroldi
- c Clinical Development , Sanofi Pasteur , Lyon , France
| | - A Bouckenooghe
- d Asia Regional Medical Affairs and Clinical Development , Sanofi Pasteur , Singapore
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Rebaza A, Lee PJ. One more shot for the road: a review and update of vaccinations for pediatric international travelers. Pediatr Ann 2015; 44:e89-96. [PMID: 25875985 DOI: 10.3928/00904481-20150410-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of children are traveling to developing countries where they are often at a higher risk than adults of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases. Yet, they are less likely to receive pretravel medical advice and preventive care. This article reviews the current recommendations for pediatric travel immunizations, including specific travel vaccines such as typhoid, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis virus, and rabies as well as prospective vaccines for significant global diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and Ebola.
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