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Hörner C, Fiedler AH, Bodmer BS, Walz L, Scheuplein VA, Hutzler S, Matrosovich MN, von Messling V, Mühlebach MD. A protective measles virus-derived vaccine inducing long-lasting immune responses against influenza A virus H7N9. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:46. [PMID: 36964176 PMCID: PMC10037405 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel Influenza A virus (subtype H7N9) emerged in spring 2013 and caused considerable mortality in zoonotically infected patients. To be prepared for potential pandemics, broadly effective and safe vaccines are crucial. Recombinant measles virus (MeV) encoding antigens of foreign pathogens constitutes a promising vector platform to generate novel vaccines. To characterize the efficacy of H7N9 antigens in a prototypic vaccine platform technology, we generated MeVs encoding either neuraminidase (N9) or hemagglutinin (H7). Moraten vaccine strain-derived vaccine candidates were rescued; they replicated with efficiency comparable to that of the measles vaccine, robustly expressed H7 and N9, and were genetically stable over 10 passages. Immunization of MeV-susceptible mice triggered the production of antibodies against H7 and N9, including hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies induced by MVvac2-H7(P) and neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies by MVvac2-N9(P). Vaccinated mice also developed long-lasting H7- and N9-specific T cells. Both MVvac2-H7(P) and MVvac2-N9(P)-vaccinated mice were protected from lethal H7N9 challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Hörner
- Section 4/3: Product Testing of IVMPs, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Anna H Fiedler
- Section 4/3: Product Testing of IVMPs, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Bianca S Bodmer
- Section 4/3: Product Testing of IVMPs, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lisa Walz
- Section 4/0: Research in Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Vivian A Scheuplein
- Section 4/3: Product Testing of IVMPs, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hutzler
- Section 4/3: Product Testing of IVMPs, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Mikhail N Matrosovich
- German Center for Infection Research, Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Veronika von Messling
- German Center for Infection Research, Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
- Section 4/0: Research in Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Michael D Mühlebach
- Section 4/3: Product Testing of IVMPs, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research, Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany.
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Minozzi S, Lytras T, Gianola S, Gonzalez-Lorenzo M, Castellini G, Galli C, Cereda D, Bonovas S, Pariani E, Moja L. Comparative efficacy and safety of vaccines to prevent seasonal influenza: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 46:101331. [PMID: 35360146 PMCID: PMC8961170 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is one of the most common respiratory viral infections worldwide. Numerous vaccines are used to prevent influenza. Their selection should be informed by the best available evidence. We aimed to estimate the comparative efficacy and safety of seasonal influenza vaccines in children, adults and the elderly. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). We searched the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, and websites of regulatory agencies, through December 15th, 2020. We included placebo- or no vaccination-controlled, and head-to-head randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Pairs of reviewers independently screened the studies, abstracted the data, and appraised the risk of bias in accordance to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The primary outcome was laboratory-confirmed influenza. We also synthesized data for hospitalization, mortality, influenza-like illness (ILI), pneumonia or lower respiratory-tract disease, systemic and local adverse events (AEs). We estimated summary risk ratios (RR) using pairwise and NMA with random effects. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018091895. FINDINGS We identified 13,439 citations. A total of 231 RCTs were included after screening: 11 studies did not provide useful data for the analysis; 220 RCTs [100,677 children (< 18 years) and 329,127 adults (18-60 years) and elderly (≥ 61 years)] were included in the NMA. In adults and the elderly, all vaccines, except the trivalent inactivated intradermal vaccine (3-IIV ID), were more effective than placebo in reducing the risk of laboratory-confirmed influenza, with a RR between 0.33 (95% credible interval [CrI] 0.21-0.55) for trivalent inactivated high-dose (3-IIV HD) and 0.56 (95% CrI 0.41-0.74) for trivalent live-attenuated vaccine (3-LAIV). In adults and the elderly, compared with trivalent inactivated vaccine (3-IIV), no significant differences were found for any, except 3-LAIV, which was less efficacious [RR 1.41 (95% CrI 1.04-1.88)]. In children, compared with placebo, RR ranged between 0.13 (95% CrI 0.03-0.51) for trivalent inactivated vaccine adjuvanted with MF59/AS03 and 0.55 (95% CrI 0.36-0.83) for trivalent inactivated vaccine. Compared with 3-IIV, 3-LAIV and trivalent inactivated adjuvanted with MF59/AS03 were more efficacious [RR 0.52 (95% CrI 0.32-0.82) and RR 0.23 (95% CrI 0.06-0.87)] in reducing laboratory-confirmed influenza. With regard to safety, higher systemic AEs rates after vaccination with 3-IIV, 3-IIV HD, 3-IIV ID, 3-IIV MF59/AS03-adj, quadrivalent inactivated (4-IIV), quadrivalent adjuvanted (4-IIV MF59/AS03-adj), quadrivalent recombinant (4-RIV), 3-LAIV or quadrivalent live attenuated (4-LAIV) vaccines were noted in adults and the elderly [RR 1.5 (95% CrI 1.18-1.89) to 1.15 (95% CrI 1.06-1.23)] compared with placebo. In children, the systemic AEs rate after vaccination was not significantly higher than placebo. INTERPRETATION All vaccines cumulatively achieved major reductions in the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza in children, adults, and the elderly. While the live-attenuated was more efficacious than the inactivated vaccine in children, many vaccine types can be used in adults and the elderly. FUNDING The directorate general of welfare, Lombardy region.
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Key Words
- 3-IIV HD, trivalent inactivated high-dose influenza vaccine
- 3-IIV ID, trivalent inactivated intradermal influenza vaccine
- 3-IIV MF59/AS03-adj, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine adjuvanted with MF59/AS03
- 3-IIV vir/lip-adj, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine adjuvanted with virosome/liposome
- 3-IIV, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine
- 3-LAIV, trivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine
- 3-RIV, trivalent recombinant influenza vaccine
- 4-IIV HD, quadrivalent inactivated high-dose influenza vaccine
- 4-IIV ID, quadrivalent inactivated intradermal influenza vaccine
- 4-IIV MF59/AS03-adj, quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine adjuvanted with MF59/AS03
- 4-IIV vir/lip-adj, quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine adjuvanted with virosome/liposome
- 4-IIV, quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine
- 4-LAIV, quadrivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine
- 4-RIV, quadrivalent recombinant influenza vaccine
- AE, adverse event
- CI, confidence interval
- CrI, credible interval
- IIV, inactivated influenza vaccine
- ILI, influenza-like illness
- Influenza
- LAIV, live-attenuated influenza vaccine
- NMA, network meta-analysis
- Network meta-analysis
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- RIV, recombinant influenza vaccine
- RR, risk ratio
- SUCRA, surface under the cumulative ranking curve
- Systematic review
- Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Minozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio regional health Service, Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Theodore Lytras
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Silvia Gianola
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marien Gonzalez-Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Clinical Research Methodology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Castellini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Galli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Cereda
- Directorate General for Health, Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefanos Bonovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Pariani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Bi K, Diao H. Critical role of microRNAs in host and influenza A (H1N1) virus interactions. Life Sci 2021; 277:119484. [PMID: 33862119 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a type of non-coding RNA, microRNAs are considered to be a new regulator in viral infections. Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection is a serious threat to human health. There is growing evidence supporting that microRNAs play important roles in various cellular infection stages and host antiviral response during H1N1 infection. Some microRNAs defend against H1N1 invasion, while others may promote viral replication. MicroRNAs are implicated in the host-viral interactions and serve versatile functions in it. In this review, we focus on the innate immune response and virus replication regulated by microRNAs during H1N1 infection. MicroRNAs can influence H1N1 virus replication by directly binding to viral compositions and through host cellular pathways. Moreover, microRNAs are involved in multiple antiviral response, including production of interferons (IFNs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling pathway, immune cells development and secretion, activation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Furthermore, these regulatory effects of microRNAs suggest its potential clinical significance. In addition, another non-coding RNA, lncRNA, are also mentioned in the review, which can regulate innate immune response and influence virus replication during H1N1 infection as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Ecker JW, Kirchenbaum GA, Pierce SR, Skarlupka AL, Abreu RB, Cooper RE, Taylor-Mulneix D, Ross TM, Sautto GA. High-Yield Expression and Purification of Recombinant Influenza Virus Proteins from Stably-Transfected Mammalian Cell Lines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030462. [PMID: 32825605 PMCID: PMC7565037 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses infect millions of people each year, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in the human population. Therefore, generation of a universal influenza virus vaccine is an urgent need and would greatly benefit public health. Recombinant protein technology is an established vaccine platform and has resulted in several commercially available vaccines. Herein, we describe the approach for developing stable transfected human cell lines for the expression of recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and recombinant influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) proteins for the purpose of in vitro and in vivo vaccine development. HA and NA are the main surface glycoproteins on influenza virions and the major antibody targets. The benefits for using recombinant proteins for in vitro and in vivo assays include the ease of use, high level of purity and the ability to scale-up production. This work provides guidelines on how to produce and purify recombinant proteins produced in mammalian cell lines through either transient transfection or generation of stable cell lines from plasmid creation through the isolation step via Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC). Collectively, the establishment of this pipeline has facilitated large-scale production of recombinant HA and NA proteins to high purity and with consistent yields, including glycosylation patterns that are very similar to proteins produced in a human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Ecker
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.W.E.); (G.A.K.); (S.R.P.); (A.L.S.); (R.B.A.); (R.E.C.); (D.T.-M.); (T.M.R.)
| | - Greg A. Kirchenbaum
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.W.E.); (G.A.K.); (S.R.P.); (A.L.S.); (R.B.A.); (R.E.C.); (D.T.-M.); (T.M.R.)
| | - Spencer R. Pierce
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.W.E.); (G.A.K.); (S.R.P.); (A.L.S.); (R.B.A.); (R.E.C.); (D.T.-M.); (T.M.R.)
| | - Amanda L. Skarlupka
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.W.E.); (G.A.K.); (S.R.P.); (A.L.S.); (R.B.A.); (R.E.C.); (D.T.-M.); (T.M.R.)
| | - Rodrigo B. Abreu
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.W.E.); (G.A.K.); (S.R.P.); (A.L.S.); (R.B.A.); (R.E.C.); (D.T.-M.); (T.M.R.)
| | - R. Ethan Cooper
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.W.E.); (G.A.K.); (S.R.P.); (A.L.S.); (R.B.A.); (R.E.C.); (D.T.-M.); (T.M.R.)
| | - Dawn Taylor-Mulneix
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.W.E.); (G.A.K.); (S.R.P.); (A.L.S.); (R.B.A.); (R.E.C.); (D.T.-M.); (T.M.R.)
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.W.E.); (G.A.K.); (S.R.P.); (A.L.S.); (R.B.A.); (R.E.C.); (D.T.-M.); (T.M.R.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Giuseppe A. Sautto
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.W.E.); (G.A.K.); (S.R.P.); (A.L.S.); (R.B.A.); (R.E.C.); (D.T.-M.); (T.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-542-6711
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Sano K, Ainai A, Suzuki T, Hasegawa H. Intranasal inactivated influenza vaccines for the prevention of seasonal influenza epidemics. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:687-696. [PMID: 30092690 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1507743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intranasal influenza vaccines are expected to confer protection among vaccine recipients by successful induction of mucosal immune response in the upper respiratory tract. Though only live attenuated influenza virus vaccines (LAIVs) are licensed and available for intranasal use in humans today, intranasal inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) are currently under reconsideration as a promising intranasal influenza vaccine. AREAS COVERED This review addresses the history of intranasal IIV research and development, along with a summary of the studies done so far to address the mechanism of action of intranasal IIVs. EXPERT COMMENTARY From numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, it has been shown that intranasal IIVs can protect hosts from a broad spectrum of influenza virus strains. In-depth studies of the mucosal antibody response following intranasal IIV administration have also elucidated the detailed functions of secretory IgA (immunoglobulin A) antibodies which are responsible for the mechanism of action of intranasal vaccines. Safe and effective intranasal IIVs are expected to be an important tool to combat seasonal influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sano
- a Department of Pathology , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan.,b Division of Infectious Diseases Pathology, Department of Global Infectious Diseases , Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine , Miyagi , Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- a Department of Pathology , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- a Department of Pathology , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- a Department of Pathology , National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan.,b Division of Infectious Diseases Pathology, Department of Global Infectious Diseases , Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine , Miyagi , Japan
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Gagneux-Brunon A, Lucht F, Launay O, Berthelot P, Botelho-Nevers E. Vaccines for healthcare-associated infections: present, future, and expectations. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:421-433. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1470507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Gagneux-Brunon
- Inserm, CIC 1408, I-REIVAC, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- GIMAP EA 3064, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Lucht
- Inserm, CIC 1408, I-REIVAC, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- GIMAP EA 3064, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Odile Launay
- Inserm CIC 1417, I-REIVAC, University of Paris-Descartes, University Hospital of Cochin-Broca-Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- GIMAP EA 3064, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infection control unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- Inserm, CIC 1408, I-REIVAC, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- GIMAP EA 3064, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
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Wang W, Said A, Wang B, Qu G, Xu Q, Liu B, Shen Z. Establishment and evaluation of the goose embryo epithelial (GEE) cell line as a new model for propagation of avian viruses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193876. [PMID: 29494688 PMCID: PMC5833280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the establishment and characterization of a new epithelial cell line, goose embryonated epithelial cell line (GEE), derived from embryonic goose tissue. The purified GEE cell line can efficiently grow over 65 passages in the M199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C. Immunofluorescence assay was used to identify purified GEE cells as epithelial cell line by detecting expression of the Keratin-18 and -19. Further characterizations demonstrated that the GEE cell line can be continuously subcultured with (i) a high capacity to replicate for over 65 passages, (ii) a spontaneous epithelial-like morphology, (iii) constant chromosomal features and (iv) without an evidence of converting to tumorigenic cells either in vitro or in vivo study. Moreover, the GEE cell line can be effectively transfected with plasmids expressing reporter genes of different avian viruses, such as VP3, VP1 and F of goose parvo virus (GPV), duck hepatitis virus (DHV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), respectively. Finally, the established GEE cell line was evaluated for avian viruses infection susceptibility. Our results showed that the tested GPV, DHAV and NDV were capable to replicate in the new cell line with titers a comparatively higher to the ones detected in the traditional culture system. Accordingly, our established GEE cell line is apparently a suitable in vitro model for transgenic, and infection manipulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Wang
- Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-Sciences &Technology Co. Ltd., Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Abdelrahman Said
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Baoqin Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, China
| | - Guanggang Qu
- Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-Sciences &Technology Co. Ltd., Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-Sciences &Technology Co. Ltd., Binzhou, Shandong, China
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White KM, Ayllon J, Mena I, Potenski A, Krammer F, García-Sastre A. Influenza B virus reverse genetic backbones with improved growth properties in the EB66® cell line as basis for vaccine seed virus generation. Vaccine 2018; 36:1146-1153. [PMID: 29395518 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination remains the best available prophylaxis to prevent influenza virus infections, yet current inadequacies in influenza virus vaccine manufacturing often lead to vaccine shortages at times when the vaccine is most needed, as it was the case during the last influenza virus pandemic. Novel influenza virus vaccine production systems will be crucial to improve public health and safety. Here we report the optimization of influenza B virus growth in the proprietary EB66® cell line, currently in use for human vaccine production. To this end, we collected, curated and sequenced 71 influenza B viruses selected for high diversity in date of isolation and lineage. This viral collection was tested for ability to enter and replicate within EB66® cells in a single cycle assay and appears to readily infect these cells. When the collection was tested for viral progeny production in a multi-cycle assay, we found a large variation from strain to strain. The strains with the top growth characteristics from the B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages were selected for vaccine backbone generation using a reverse genetics system. We then showed that these backbones maintain their desirable growth within EB66® cells when the HA and NA from poorly growing strains were substituted for the parental segments, indicating that the selected backbones are viable options for vaccine production in EB66®. Finally, we show that compounds previously reported to enhance influenza virus growth in cell culture also increase virus production in the EB66® cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
| | - Juan Ayllon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Anna Potenski
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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Long Y, Ma L, Liu Z, Song S, Geng X, Yang F, Guo Q, Li Z, Li W, Liao G. Preparation and evaluation of a novel, live, attenuated influenza H1N1 vaccine strain produced by a modified classical reassortment method. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:615-622. [PMID: 29064728 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1380761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV)-based Vero cells could provide a better choice to control and prevent influenza virus infections. This study used the human influenza virus A/Yunnan/1/2005Vca(H3N2) (YN/05Vca) as a donor strain. YN/05Vca has a double phenotype of cold adaption (ca) and Vero cell adaption (va). The parental virus strain used was the wild-type A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1) (SI/06wt). The study employed the modified classical reassortment method to generate a new virus strain. After co-infection of Vero cells, some different sub-types of the reassorted viruses were generated randomly. Then, the specific anti-serum (anti-YN/05Vca) could combine with and neutralize the donor virus, and the original parental virus could not grow in Vero cells at a low temperature until it was re-structured with the meaningful gene fragment from the donor virus in Vero cells. According to the plaques and RT-PCR results, a new monoclonal strain of Vero cell cold adaption virus was screened: SI/06Vca. After immunological and biological identification, this new strain virus could be used as a seed bank for LAIV, which has maintained surface antigenicity with SI/06wt. Consequently, this new Vero cell cold adaption virus SI/06Vca could be used for large-scale vaccine production with sufficient safety and efficacy, as confirmed by animal experiments with mice and ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Long
- a The fifth Department of Biological products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China.,b Department of Food Laboratory, Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ma
- a The fifth Department of Biological products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Liu
- a The fifth Department of Biological products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Song
- a The fifth Department of Biological products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Geng
- a The fifth Department of Biological products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- a The fifth Department of Biological products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China.,c Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical Faculty , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- a The fifth Department of Biological products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuofan Li
- a The fifth Department of Biological products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- d The Department of Production Administration , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyang Liao
- a The fifth Department of Biological products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
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10
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Huang Y, Wang H, Tam WWS. Is rheumatoid arthritis associated with reduced immunogenicity of the influenza vaccination? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:1901-1908. [PMID: 28489423 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1329140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether immunogenicity and safety of the influenza vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are significantly different from those in a healthy population. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched on 31 August 2016. Studies were included when they met the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, methodological quality and outcomes. The primary outcome was seroprotection (SP) rate after immunization. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included. The SP rates did not significantly differ between the RA patients and healthy controls for the H3N2 (RR = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.13, p = .64) and B strain (RR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.84 to 1. 08, p = .44). Nevertheless, RA was associated with a significant decrease in SP rate for the H1N1 strain (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.86, p < .001). RA patients receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy, TNF blockers, rituximab and other biologics responded to the H1N1 strain significantly less than healthy controls in SP rate, whereas those receiving steroids did not. Non-adjuvanted vaccination had a significantly lower SP rate than in healthy controls, whereas adjuvanted vaccination did not. RA was associated with an increase in adverse events (RR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.08, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS Immunogenicity was significantly different between RA patients and healthy controls for the H1N1 strain, but not for the H3N2 or B strains. Adverse event rates were higher in RA patients. Adjuvant and special kinds of immunosuppressive biologics may play an important role in immunogenicity of inactivated influenza vaccines for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Huang
- a School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Huili Wang
- a School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Wilson W S Tam
- b Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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11
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Vemula SV, Sayedahmed EE, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Vaccine approaches conferring cross-protection against influenza viruses. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:1141-1154. [PMID: 28925296 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1379396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Annual vaccination is one of the most efficient and cost-effective strategies to prevent and control influenza epidemics. Most of the currently available influenza vaccines are strong inducers of antibody responses against viral surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), but are poor inducers of cell-mediated immune responses against conserved internal proteins. Moreover, due to the high variability of viral surface proteins because of antigenic drift or antigenic shift, many of the currently licensed vaccines confer little or no protection against drift or shift variants. Areas covered: Next generation influenza vaccines that can induce humoral immune responses to receptor-binding epitopes as well as broadly neutralizing conserved epitopes, and cell-mediated immune responses against highly conserved internal proteins would be effective against variant viruses as well as a novel pandemic influenza until circulating strain-specific vaccines become available. Here we discuss vaccine approaches that have the potential to provide broad spectrum protection against influenza viruses. Expert commentary: Based on current progress in defining cross-protective influenza immunity, it seems that the development of a universal influenza vaccine is feasible. It would revolutionize the strategy for influenza pandemic preparedness, and significantly impact the shelf-life and protection efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai V Vemula
- a Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Immunology , Inflammation and Infectious Disease, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Ekramy E Sayedahmed
- a Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Immunology , Inflammation and Infectious Disease, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- b Influenza Division , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Suresh K Mittal
- a Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for Immunology , Inflammation and Infectious Disease, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
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12
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Madan A, Collins H, Sheldon E, Frenette L, Chu L, Friel D, Drame M, Vaughn DW, Innis BL, Schuind A. Evaluation of a primary course of H9N2 vaccine with or without AS03 adjuvant in adults: A phase I/II randomized trial. Vaccine 2017; 35:4621-4628. [PMID: 28720281 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza A H9N2 strains have pandemic potential. METHODS In this randomized, observer-blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01659086), 420 healthy adults, 18-64years of age, received 1 of 10 H9N2 inactivated split-virus vaccination regimens (30 participants per group), or saline placebo (120 participants). H9N2 groups received 2 doses (days 0, 21) of 15µg hemagglutinin (HA) without adjuvant, or 1.9µgHA+AS03A, 1.9µgHA+AS03B, 3.75µgHA+AS03A, or 3.75µgHA+AS03B; followed by the same H9N2 formulation or placebo (day 182). AS03 is an adjuvant system containing α-tocopherol (AS03A: 11.86mg; AS03B: 5.93mg) and squalene in an oil-in-water emulsion. Immunogenicity (hemagglutination inhibition [HI] and microneutralization assays) and safety were assessed up to day 546. RESULTS All adjuvanted formulations exceeded regulatory immunogenicity criteria at days 21 and 42 (HI assay), with seroprotection and seroconversion rates of ≥94.9% and ≥89.8% at day 21, and 100% and ≥98.1% at day 42. Immunogenicity criteria were also met for unadjuvanted vaccine, with lower geometric mean titers. In groups administered a third vaccine dose (day 182), an anamnestic immune response was elicited with robust increases in HI and microneutralization titers. Injection site pain was reported more frequently with adjuvanted vaccines. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS All H9N2 vaccine formulations were immunogenic with a clinically acceptable safety profile; adjuvanted formulations were 4-8 times dose-sparing (3.75-1.9vs 15µgHA). TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01659086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Madan
- GSK, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | - Harry Collins
- Anderson & Collins, Clinical Research Inc., Edison, NJ 08817, USA
| | - Eric Sheldon
- Miami Research Associates, 6141 Sunset Drive Suite 501, Miami, FL 33143, USA
| | - Louise Frenette
- QT Research, 2185 King Ouest, Suite 101, Sherbrooke JIJ 2G2, Canada
| | - Laurence Chu
- Benchmark Research, 3100 Red River St, Ste 1, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Damien Friel
- GSK Vaccines, 20 Avenue Fleming, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Mamadou Drame
- GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Bruce L Innis
- GSK, 2301 Renaissance Blvd, King of Prussia, PA 19406-2772, USA
| | - Anne Schuind
- GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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13
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Abstract
Bacterial ghosts (BG) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria. They contain many innate immunostimulatory agonists, and are potent activators of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Several considerable studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of BG as adjuvants as well as their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine production by a range of immune and non-immune cell types. These proinflammatory cytokines trigger a generalized recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to lymph nodes that maximize the chances of encounter with their cognate antigen, and subsequent elicitation of potent immune responses. The plasticity of BG has allowed for the generation of envelope-bound foreign antigens in immunologically active forms that have proven to be effective vaccines in animal models. Besides their adjuvant property, BG also effectively deliver DNA-encoded antigens to dendritic cells, thereby leading to high transfection efficiencies, which subsequently result in higher gene expressions and improved immunogenicity of DNA-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize our understanding of BG interactions with the host immune system, their exploitation as an adjuvant and a delivery system, and address important areas of future research interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad A Hajam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Pervaiz A Dar
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Gayeon Won
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Du D, Zhang P, Li X, Tian H, Cheng Y, Sheng D, Han X, Shan Y, Li X, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Xue J, Liu W, Tian K. Cell-culture derived fowl adenovirus serotype 4 inactivated vaccine provides complete protection for virus infection on SPF chickens. Virusdisease 2017; 28:182-188. [PMID: 28770244 PMCID: PMC5510634 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome caused by high-pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 has recently plagued Chinese poultry industry and caused huge economic losses since 2013. So far, there is no commercial vaccine available to control this disease. In this study, we reported the development of both embryo-adapted and cell-culture derived inactivated FAdV-4 vaccines and evaluated their efficacies in chicken. Compared to embryo-adapted vaccine, cell-culture derived vaccine induced significantly earlier and higher serological response measured by AGP and ELISA. After virus challenge, chicken immunized with cell-culture derived vaccine did not showed any gross and histopathological lesions, whereas inclusion body hepatitis was observed in the liver of chicken vaccinated with embryo-adapted vaccine. No mortality was observed in both the vaccinated groups. The above results suggested that cell-culture derived FAdV-4 inactivated vaccine could be a better vaccine candidate than embryo-adapted vaccine to control FADV-4 infections in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Du
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Pantao Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Hui Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Yi Cheng
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Dongbei Sheng
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Xueying Han
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Yihong Shan
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Yue Yuan
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Wujie Liu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Milián E, Julien T, Biaggio R, Venereo-Sanchez A, Montes J, Manceur AP, Ansorge S, Petiot E, Rosa-Calatrava M, Kamen A. Accelerated mass production of influenza virus seed stocks in HEK-293 suspension cell cultures by reverse genetics. Vaccine 2017; 35:3423-3430. [PMID: 28495315 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite major advances in developing capacities and alternative technologies to egg-based production of influenza vaccines, responsiveness to an influenza pandemic threat is limited by the time it takes to generate a Candidate Vaccine Virus (CVV) as reported by the 2015 WHO Informal Consultation report titled "Influenza Vaccine Response during the Start of a Pandemic". In previous work, we have shown that HEK-293 cell culture in suspension and serum free medium is an efficient production platform for cell culture manufacturing of influenza candidate vaccines. This report, took advantage of, recombinant DNA technology using Reverse Genetics of influenza strains, and advances in the large-scale transfection of suspension cultured HEK-293 cells. We demonstrate the efficient generation of H1N1 with the PR8 backbone reassortant under controlled bioreactor conditions in two sequential steps (transfection/rescue and infection/production). This approach could deliver a CVV for influenza vaccine manufacturing within two-weeks, starting from HA and NA pandemic sequences. Furthermore, the scalability of the transfection technology combined with the HEK-293 platform has been extensively demonstrated at >100L scale for several biologics, including recombinant viruses. Thus, this innovative approach is better suited to rationally engineer and mass produce influenza CVV within significantly shorter timelines to enable an effective global response in pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Milián
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Julien
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rafael Biaggio
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alina Venereo-Sanchez
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johnny Montes
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aziza P Manceur
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sven Ansorge
- Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Emma Petiot
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine - VirPath Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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16
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Involvement of Host Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of the Influenza Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010039. [PMID: 28035991 PMCID: PMC5297674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a new type of regulators that play important roles in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. ncRNAs, including small non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, small interfering RNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are pervasively transcribed in human and mammalian cells. Recently, it has been recognized that these ncRNAs are critically implicated in the virus-host interaction as key regulators of transcription or post-transcription during viral infection. Influenza A virus (IAV) is still a major threat to human health. Hundreds of ncRNAs are differentially expressed in response to infection with IAV, such as infection by pandemic H1N1 and highly pathogenic avian strains. There is increasing evidence demonstrating functional involvement of these regulatory microRNAs, vault RNAs (vtRNAs) and lncRNAs in pathogenesis of influenza virus, including a variety of host immune responses. For example, it has been shown that ncRNAs regulate activation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-associated signaling and transcription factors (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NF-κB), as well as production of interferons (IFNs) and cytokines, and expression of critical IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). The vital functions of IAV-regulated ncRNAs either to against defend viral invasion or to promote progeny viron production are summarized in this review. In addition, we also highlight the potentials of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
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17
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Kang K, Han S, Hong T, Jeon S, Paek J, Kang JH, Yim DS. Immunogenicity and Safety of Trivalent Split Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Korean Adults with Low Pre-Existing Antibody Levels: An Open Phase I Trial. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1354-60. [PMID: 27593862 PMCID: PMC5011266 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.6.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A phase I clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of newly developed egg-cultivated trivalent inactivated split influenza vaccine (TIV) in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TIV was administered to 43 healthy male adults. Subjects with high pre-existing titers were excluded in a screening step. Immune response was measured by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. RESULTS The seroprotection rates against A/California/7/2009 (H1N1), A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2) and B/Brisbane/60/2009 were 74.42% [95% confidence interval (CI): 61.38-87.46], 72.09% (95% CI: 58.69-85.50), and 86.05% (95% CI: 75.69-96.40), respectively. Calculated seroconversion rates were 74.42% (95% CI: 61.38-87.46), 74.42% (95% CI: 61.38-87.46), and 79.07% (95% CI: 66.91-91.23), respectively. There were 25 episodes of solicited local adverse events in 21 subjects (47.73%), 21 episodes of solicited general adverse events in 16 subjects (36.36%) and 5 episodes of unsolicited adverse events in 5 subjects (11.36%). All adverse events were grade 1 or 2 and disappeared within three days. CONCLUSION The immunogenicity and safety of TIV established in this phase I trial are sufficient to plan a larger scale clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuri Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghoon Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taegon Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangil Jeon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongki Paek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Han Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Seok Yim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Halsey NA, Talaat KR, Greenbaum A, Mensah E, Dudley MZ, Proveaux T, Salmon DA. The safety of influenza vaccines in children: An Institute for Vaccine Safety white paper. Vaccine 2016; 33 Suppl 5:F1-F67. [PMID: 26822822 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Most influenza vaccines are generally safe, but influenza vaccines can cause rare serious adverse events. Some adverse events, such as fever and febrile seizures, are more common in children than adults. There can be differences in the safety of vaccines in different populations due to underlying differences in genetic predisposition to the adverse event. Live attenuated vaccines have not been studied adequately in children under 2 years of age to determine the risks of adverse events; more studies are needed to address this and several other priority safety issues with all influenza vaccines in children. All vaccines intended for use in children require safety testing in the target age group, especially in young children. Safety of one influenza vaccine in children should not be extrapolated to assumed safety of all influenza vaccines in children. The low rates of adverse events from influenza vaccines should not be a deterrent to the use of influenza vaccines because of the overwhelming evidence of the burden of disease due to influenza in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal A Halsey
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Kawsar R Talaat
- Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adena Greenbaum
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eric Mensah
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Z Dudley
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tina Proveaux
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel A Salmon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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19
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Zahoor MA, Khurshid M, Qureshi R, Naz A, Shahid M. Cell culture-based viral vaccines: current status and future prospects. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture-based viral vaccines are used globally to immunize humans against infections. The cell culture is continuous process of developing substrates for the safe production of viral vaccines. However, increased global demand and strict safety rules for novel vaccines to control and eradicate viral diseases have forced researchers and manufacturers toward cell culture-based vaccines. The choice of cell substrate is a critical step that cannot be generalized for every vaccine formulation, therefore, manufacturers intend to optimize the required processes for particular applications. The recently established cell lines, innovative bioreactor concepts and cultivation schemes are necessary to increase the potential of vaccine production. In this review, we have focused on current cell culture-based viral vaccines and their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Qureshi
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Naz
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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20
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Huang Y, Wang H, Wan L, Lu X, Tam WWS. Is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated With a Declined Immunogenicity and Poor Safety of Influenza Vaccination?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3637. [PMID: 27175678 PMCID: PMC4902520 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There are conflicts on whether influenza vaccinated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are associated with a decreased immunogenicity and safety, compared with healthy controls. We conducted meta-analyses to compare SLE patients with healthy controls for flu-vaccine immunogenicity, as well as for adverse events.PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library were searched by October 15, 2015. Studies were included when they met the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, methodological quality, and outcomes. The primary outcome was seroprotection (SP) rate after immunization.A total of 15 studies were included. There were significant differences in SP rates between the SLE patients and healthy controls, respectively, for H1N1 (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.87) and B strain (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65-0.87), but not for H3N2 (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.68-1.03). Subgroup analyses demonstrated SLE patients with immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, azathioprine and prednisone had significantly lower SP rates, compared with healthy controls. SLE patients with nonadjuvanted H1N1 vaccine had significantly lower SP rate, compared with healthy controls. SLE patients were not associated with increased adverse events (RR 1.88, 95% CI 0.94-3.77).SLE generates immunogenicity differently, compared with healthy controls in pandemic H1N1 and B strains, but same in seasonal H3N2 strain. Nonadjuvant and special kind of immunosuppressive biologics can play an important role in SLE immunogenicity to flu vaccine. There is no significant difference in adverse event rates between SLE patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Huang
- From the School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University (YH, HW, XL); School of Health Management and Education, Capital Medical University (LW), Beijing, China; and Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (WWST), Singapore
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Yang X, Zhao J, Wang C, Duan Y, Zhao Z, Chen R, Zhang L, Xing L, Lai C, Zhang S, Wang X, Yang P. Immunization with a live attenuated H7N9 influenza vaccine protects mice against lethal challenge. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123659. [PMID: 25884801 PMCID: PMC4401572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe cases of human influenza A (H7N9) viral infection in China in the spring of 2003 resulted in a global effort to rapidly develop an effective candidate vaccine. In this study, a cold-adapted (ca), live attenuated monovalent reassortant influenza H7N9 virus (Ah01/AA ca) was generated using reverse genetics that contained hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from a 2013 pandemic A H7N9 isolate, A/Anhui/01/2013 virus (Ah01/H7N9); the remaining six backbone genes derived from the cold-adapted influenza H2N2 A/Ann Arbor/6/60 virus (AA virus). Ah01/AA ca virus exhibited temperature sensitivity (ts), ca, and attenuation (att) phenotypes. Intranasal immunization of female BALB/c mice with Ah01/AA ca twice at a 2-week interval induced robust humoral, mucosal, and cell-mediated immune responses in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the candidate Ah01/AA ca virus was immunogenic and offered partial or complete protection of mice against a lethal challenge by the live 2013 influenza A H7N9 (A/Anhui/01/2013). Protection was demonstrated by the inhibition of viral replication and the attenuation of histopathological changes in the challenged mouse lung. Taken together, these data support the further evaluation of this Ah01/AA ca candidate vaccine in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqiang Duan
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xing
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcai Lai
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiliang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China; Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
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22
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Current and emerging cell culture manufacturing technologies for influenza vaccines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:504831. [PMID: 25815321 PMCID: PMC4359798 DOI: 10.1155/2015/504831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Annually, influenza virus infects millions of people worldwide. Vaccination programs against seasonal influenza infections require the production of hundreds of million doses within a very short period of time. The influenza vaccine is currently produced using a technology developed in the 1940s that relies on replicating the virus in embryonated hens' eggs. The monovalent viral preparation is inactivated and purified before being formulated in trivalent or tetravalent influenza vaccines. The production process has depended on a continuous supply of eggs. In the case of pandemic outbreaks, this mode of production might be problematic because of a possible drastic reduction in the egg supply and the low flexibility of the manufacturing process resulting in a lack of supply of the required vaccine doses in a timely fashion. Novel production systems using mammalian or insect cell cultures have emerged to overcome the limitations of the egg-based production system. These industrially well-established production systems have been primarily selected for a faster and more flexible response to pandemic threats. Here, we review the most important cell culture manufacturing processes that have been developed in recent years for mass production of influenza vaccines.
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23
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Altered viral replication and cell responses by inserting microRNA recognition element into PB1 in pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:976575. [PMID: 25788763 PMCID: PMC4350627 DOI: 10.1155/2015/976575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that spatiotemporally modulate mRNAs in a posttranscriptional manner. Engineering mutant viruses by inserting cell-specific miRNA recognition element (MRE) into viral genome may alter viral infectivity and host responses in vital tissues and organs infected with pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1pdm). Methods. In this study, we employed reverse genetics approach to generate a recombinant H1N1pdm with a cell-specific miRNA target sequence inserted into its PB1 genomic segment to investigate whether miRNAs are able to suppress H1N1pdm replication. We inserted an MRE of microRNA-let-7b (miR-let-7b) into the open reading frame of PB1 to test the feasibility of creating a cell-restricted H1N1pdm virus since let-7b is abundant in human bronchial epithelial cells. Results. miR-let-7b is rich in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE). Incorporation of the miR-let-7b-MRE confers upon the recombinant H1N1pdm virus susceptibility to miR-let-7b targeting, suggesting that the H1N1pdm and influenza A viruses can be engineered to exert the desired replication restrictive effect and decrease infectivity in vital tissues and organs. Conclusions. This approach provides an additional layer of biosafety and thus has great potential for the application in the rational development of safer and more effective influenza viral vaccines.
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Ulmer JB, Mansoura MK, Geall AJ. Vaccines 'on demand': science fiction or a future reality. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:101-6. [PMID: 25582273 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.996128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines are being developed as a platform technology with potential to be used for a broad range of targets. The synthetic production methods for their manufacture, combined with the modern tools of bioinformatics and synthetic biology, enable these vaccines to be produced rapidly from an electronic gene sequence. Preclinical proof of concept has so far been achieved for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies, Ebola, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus and malaria. AREAS COVERED This editorial highlights the key milestones in the discovery and development of self-amplifying mRNA vaccines, and reviews how they might be used as a rapid response platform. The paper points out how future improvements in RNA vector design and non-viral delivery may lead to decreases in effective dose and increases in production capacity. EXPERT OPINION The prospects for non-viral delivery of self-amplifying mRNA vaccines are very promising. Like other types of nucleic acid vaccines, these vaccines have the potential to draw on the positive attributes of live-attenuated vaccines while obviating many potential safety limitations. Hence, this approach could enable the concept of vaccines on demand as a rapid response to a real threat rather than the deployment of strategic stockpiles based on epidemiological predictions for possible threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Ulmer
- Novartis Vaccines, Inc. , 350 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA +1 617 871 3745 ;
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25
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Pion C, Courtois V, Husson S, Bernard MC, Nicolai MC, Talaga P, Trannoy E, Moste C, Sodoyer R, Legastelois I. Characterization and immunogenicity in mice of recombinant influenza haemagglutinins produced in Leishmania tarentolae. Vaccine 2014; 32:5570-6. [PMID: 25131728 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The membrane displayed antigen haemagglutinin (HA) from several influenza strains were expressed in the Leishmania tarentolae system. This non-conventional expression system based on a parasite of lizards, can be readily propagated to high cell density (>10(8)cells/mL) in a simple incubator at 26°C. The genes encoding HA proteins were cloned from six influenza strains, among these being a 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic strain from swine origin, namely A/California/07/09(H1N1). Soluble HA proteins were secreted into the cell culture medium and were easily and successfully purified via a His-Tag domain fused to the proteins. The overall process could be conducted in less than 3 months and resulted in a yield of approximately 1.5-5mg of HA per liter of biofermenter culture after purification. The recombinant HA proteins expressed by L. tarentolae were characterized by dynamic light scattering and were observed to be mostly monomeric. The L. tarentolae recombinant HA proteins were immunogenic in mice at a dose of 10μg when administered twice with an oil-in-water emulsion-based adjuvant. These results suggest that the L. tarentolae expression system may be an alternative to the current egg-based vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Pion
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
| | - Virginie Courtois
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
| | - Stéphanie Husson
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
| | - Marie-Clotilde Bernard
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
| | - Marie-Claire Nicolai
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
| | - Philippe Talaga
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
| | - Emanuelle Trannoy
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
| | - Catherine Moste
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
| | - Régis Sodoyer
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France; Technology Research Institute Bioaster, 317 Avenue Jean-Jaurès, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - Isabelle Legastelois
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France.
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26
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Nafziger AN, Pratt DS. Seasonal influenza vaccination and technologies. J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 54:719-31. [PMID: 24691877 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is a serious respiratory illness that causes annual worldwide epidemics resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Influenza pandemics occur about every 40 yrs, and may carry a greater burden of illness and death than seasonal influenza. Both seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza have profound economic consequences. The combination of current vaccine efficacy and viral antigenic drifts and shifts necessitates annual vaccination. New manufacturing technologies in influenza vaccine development employ cell culture and recombinant techniques. Both allow more rapid vaccine creation and production. In the past 5 years, brisk, highly creative activity in influenza vaccine research and development has begun. New vaccine technologies and vaccination strategies are addressing the need for viable alternatives to egg production methods and improved efficacy. At present, stubborn problems of sub-optimal efficacy and the need for annual immunization persist. There is an obvious need for more efficacious vaccines and improved vaccination strategies to make immunization easier for providers and patients. Mitigating this serious annual health threat remains an important public health priority.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigenic Variation
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Health Priorities
- Humans
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza A virus/metabolism
- Influenza Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Betainfluenzavirus/immunology
- Betainfluenzavirus/metabolism
- Mass Vaccination
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Seasons
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/trends
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/metabolism
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne N Nafziger
- Bertino Consulting, Schenectady, NY, USA; Adjunct Research Professor, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Wohlbold TJ, Krammer F. In the shadow of hemagglutinin: a growing interest in influenza viral neuraminidase and its role as a vaccine antigen. Viruses 2014; 6:2465-94. [PMID: 24960271 PMCID: PMC4074938 DOI: 10.3390/v6062465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of vaccine prophylaxis and antiviral therapeutics, the influenza virus continues to have a significant, annual impact on the morbidity and mortality of human beings, highlighting the continued need for research in the field. Current vaccine strategies predominantly focus on raising a humoral response against hemagglutinin (HA)—the more abundant, immunodominant glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus. In fact, anti-HA antibodies are often neutralizing, and are used routinely to assess vaccine immunogenicity. Neuraminidase (NA), the other major glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus, has historically served as the target for antiviral drug therapy and is much less studied in the context of humoral immunity. Yet, the quest to discern the exact importance of NA-based protection is decades old. Also, while antibodies against the NA glycoprotein fail to prevent infection of the influenza virus, anti-NA immunity has been shown to lessen the severity of disease, decrease viral lung titers in animal models, and reduce viral shedding. Growing evidence is intimating the possible gains of including the NA antigen in vaccine design, such as expanded strain coverage and increased overall immunogenicity of the vaccine. After giving a tour of general influenza virology, this review aims to discuss the influenza A virus neuraminidase while focusing on both the historical and present literature on the use of NA as a possible vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy John Wohlbold
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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28
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Duan Y, Gu H, Chen R, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Xing L, Lai C, Zhang P, Li Z, Zhang K, Wang Z, Zhang S, Wang X, Yang P. Response of mice and ferrets to a monovalent influenza A (H7N9) split vaccine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99322. [PMID: 24937303 PMCID: PMC4061005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In early spring 2013, the emergence of the influenza A (H7N9) virus in humans in Eastern China raised concerns of a new influenza pandemic. Development of a safe and effective H7N9 influenza vaccine is urgently needed. To this end, we first synthesized the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the influenza A (H7N9) virus A/AnHui/1/2013. Using reverse genetics, we rescued a reassortant virus (H7N9/PR8) that contained the HA and NA genes from wild-type H7N9 and six genes encoding internal proteins from the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus. Next, the pathogenicity of the reassortant virus was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. We found that the virus was non-pathogenic in mice and was stable after serial passaging in eggs. Furthermore, we found that a monovalent influenza A (H7N9) split vaccine prepared from the virus was immunogenic in mice and ferrets. When given intramuscularly, the vaccine (two doses of at least 15-µg) completely protected mice from normally lethal wild-type H7N9 virus challenge. In summary, our H7N9 vaccine, developed over a short time, is a potential candidate for further clinical evaluation and human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiang Duan
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xing
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcai Lai
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhiwei Li
- 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Xiliang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (PY)
| | - Penghui Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
- 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (PY)
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29
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Bergmann-Leitner ES, Leitner WW. Adjuvants in the Driver's Seat: How Magnitude, Type, Fine Specificity and Longevity of Immune Responses Are Driven by Distinct Classes of Immune Potentiators. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:252-96. [PMID: 26344620 PMCID: PMC4494256 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. From here, the antigen is slowly released and provided to immune cells over an extended period of time. This "depot" was formed by associating the antigen with substances able to persist at the injection site, such as aluminum salts or emulsions. The identification of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) has greatly advanced our understanding of how adjuvants work beyond the simple concept of extended antigen release and has accelerated the development of novel adjuvants. This review focuses on the mode of action of different adjuvant classes in regards to the stimulation of specific immune cell subsets, the biasing of immune responses towards cellular or humoral immune response, the ability to mediate epitope spreading and the induction of persistent immunological memory. A better understanding of how particular adjuvants mediate their biological effects will eventually allow them to be selected for specific vaccines in a targeted and rational manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke S Bergmann-Leitner
- US Military Malaria Research Program, Malaria Vaccine Branch, 503 Robert Grant Ave, 3W65, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Wolfgang W Leitner
- Division on Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 6610 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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30
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Dormitzer PR, Suphaphiphat P, Gibson DG, Wentworth DE, Stockwell TB, Algire MA, Alperovich N, Barro M, Brown DM, Craig S, Dattilo BM, Denisova EA, De Souza I, Eickmann M, Dugan VG, Ferrari A, Gomila RC, Han L, Judge C, Mane S, Matrosovich M, Merryman C, Palladino G, Palmer GA, Spencer T, Strecker T, Trusheim H, Uhlendorff J, Wen Y, Yee AC, Zaveri J, Zhou B, Becker S, Donabedian A, Mason PW, Glass JI, Rappuoli R, Venter JC. Synthetic generation of influenza vaccine viruses for rapid response to pandemics. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:185ra68. [PMID: 23677594 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, vaccines for the virus became available in large quantities only after human infections peaked. To accelerate vaccine availability for future pandemics, we developed a synthetic approach that very rapidly generated vaccine viruses from sequence data. Beginning with hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences, we combined an enzymatic, cell-free gene assembly technique with enzymatic error correction to allow rapid, accurate gene synthesis. We then used these synthetic HA and NA genes to transfect Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells that were qualified for vaccine manufacture with viral RNA expression constructs encoding HA and NA and plasmid DNAs encoding viral backbone genes. Viruses for use in vaccines were rescued from these MDCK cells. We performed this rescue with improved vaccine virus backbones, increasing the yield of the essential vaccine antigen, HA. Generation of synthetic vaccine seeds, together with more efficient vaccine release assays, would accelerate responses to influenza pandemics through a system of instantaneous electronic data exchange followed by real-time, geographically dispersed vaccine production.
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31
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Del Giudice G, Rappuoli R. Inactivated and adjuvanted influenza vaccines. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 386:151-80. [PMID: 25038938 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inactivated influenza vaccines are produced every year to fight against the seasonal epidemics of influenza. Despite the nonoptimal coverage, even in subjects at risk like the elderly, pregnant women, etc., these vaccines significantly reduce the burden of mortality and morbidity linked to the influenza infection. Importantly, these vaccines have also contributed to reduce the impact of the last pandemics. Nevertheless, the performance of these vaccines can be improved mainly in those age groups, like children and the elderly, in which their efficacy is suboptimal. The use of adjuvants has proven effective to this scope. Oil-in-water adjuvants like MF59 and AS03 have been licensed and widely used, and shown efficacious in preventing influenza infection in the last pandemic. MF59-adjuvanted inactivated vaccine was more efficacious than non-adjuvanted vaccine in preventing influenza infection in young children and in reducing hospitalization due to the influenza infection in the elderly. Other adjuvants are now at different stages of development and some are being tested in clinical trials. The perspective remains to improve the way inactivated vaccines are prepared and to accelerate their availability, mainly in the case of influenza pandemics, and to enhance their efficacy/effectiveness for a more successful impact at the public health level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Del Giudice
- Research and Development, Novartis Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy,
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32
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Dormitzer PR. Rapid Production of Synthetic Influenza Vaccines. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 386:237-73. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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33
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van Els C, Mjaaland S, Næss L, Sarkadi J, Gonczol E, Smith Korsholm K, Hansen J, de Jonge J, Kersten G, Warner J, Semper A, Kruiswijk C, Oftung F. Fast vaccine design and development based on correlates of protection (COPs). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:1935-48. [PMID: 25424803 PMCID: PMC4186026 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New and reemerging infectious diseases call for innovative and efficient control strategies of which fast vaccine design and development represent an important element. In emergency situations, when time is limited, identification and use of correlates of protection (COPs) may play a key role as a strategic tool for accelerated vaccine design, testing, and licensure. We propose that general rules for COP-based vaccine design can be extracted from the existing knowledge of protective immune responses against a large spectrum of relevant viral and bacterial pathogens. Herein, we focus on the applicability of this approach by reviewing the established and up-coming COPs for influenza in the context of traditional and a wide array of new vaccine concepts. The lessons learnt from this field may be applied more generally to COP-based accelerated vaccine design for emerging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile van Els
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lisbeth Næss
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Sarkadi
- National Center for Epidemiology (NCE); Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Gonczol
- National Center for Epidemiology (NCE); Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Jon Hansen
- Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen de Jonge
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gideon Kersten
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology; Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research; University of Leiden; The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Corine Kruiswijk
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology; Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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34
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Abstract
Influenza is a worldwide public health concern. Since the introduction of trivalent influenza vaccine in 1978, vaccination has been the primary means of prevention and control of influenza. Current influenza vaccines have moderate efficacy, good safety, and acceptable tolerability; however, they have unsatisfactory efficacy in older adults, are dependent on egg supply for production, and are time-consuming to manufacture. This review outlines the unmet medical needs of current influenza vaccines. Recent developments in influenza vaccines are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Asian Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Asian Pacific Influenza Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Transgovernmental Enterprise for Pandemic Influenza in Korea, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Rapidly produced SAM(®) vaccine against H7N9 influenza is immunogenic in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect 2013; 2:e52. [PMID: 26038486 PMCID: PMC3821287 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2013.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The timing of vaccine availability is essential for an effective response to pandemic influenza. In 2009, vaccine became available after the disease peak, and this has motivated the development of next generation vaccine technologies for more rapid responses. The SAM(®) vaccine platform, now in pre-clinical development, is based on a synthetic, self-amplifying mRNA, delivered by a synthetic lipid nanoparticle (LNP). When used to express seasonal influenza hemagglutinin (HA), a SAM vaccine elicited potent immune responses, comparable to those elicited by a licensed influenza subunit vaccine preparation. When the sequences coding for the HA and neuraminidase (NA) genes from the H7N9 influenza outbreak in China were posted on a web-based data sharing system, the combination of rapid and accurate cell-free gene synthesis and SAM vaccine technology allowed the generation of a vaccine candidate in 8 days. Two weeks after the first immunization, mice had measurable hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and neutralizing antibody titers against the new virus. Two weeks after the second immunization, all mice had HI titers considered protective. If the SAM vaccine platform proves safe, potent, well tolerated and effective in humans, fully synthetic vaccine technologies could provide unparalleled speed of response to stem the initial wave of influenza outbreaks, allowing first availability of a vaccine candidate days after the discovery of a new virus.
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Production of avian influenza virus vaccine using primary cell cultures generated from host organs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:625-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The global availability of a therapeutically effective influenza virus vaccine during a pandemic remains a major challenge for the biopharmaceutical industry. Long production time, coupled with decreased supply of embryonated chicken eggs (ECE), significantly affects the conventional vaccine production. Transformed cell lines have attained regulatory approvals for vaccine production. Based on the fact that the avian influenza virus would infect the cells derived from its natural host, the viral growth characteristics were studied on chicken embryo-derived primary cell cultures. The viral propagation was determined on avian origin primary cell cultures, transformed mammalian cell lines, and in ECE. A comparison was made between these systems by utilizing various cell culture-based assays. In-vitro substrate susceptibility and viral infection characteristics were evaluated by performing hemagglutination assay (HA), 50 % tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) and monitoring of cytopathic effects (CPE) caused by the virus. The primary cell culture developed from chicken embryos showed stable growth characteristics with no contamination. HA, TCID50, and CPE exhibited that these cell systems were permissive to viral infection, yielding 2–10 times higher viral titer as compared to mammalian cell lines. Though the viral output from the ECE was equivalent to the chicken cell culture, the time period for achieving it was decreased to half. Some of the prerequisites of inactivated influenza virus vaccine production include generation of higher vial titer, independence from exogenous sources, and decrease in the production time lines. Based on the tests, it can be concluded that chicken embryo primary cell culture addresses these issues and can serve as a potential alternative for influenza virus vaccine production.
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Patterson DP, Rynda-Apple A, Harmsen AL, Harmsen AG, Douglas T. Biomimetic antigenic nanoparticles elicit controlled protective immune response to influenza. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3036-44. [PMID: 23540530 PMCID: PMC3773536 DOI: 10.1021/nn4006544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a biomimetic strategy toward nanoparticle design for controlled immune response through encapsulation of conserved internal influenza proteins on the interior of virus-like particles (VLPs) to direct CD8+ cytotoxic T cell protection. Programmed encapsulation and sequestration of the conserved nucleoprotein (NP) from influenza on the interior of a VLP, derived from the bacteriophage P22, results in a vaccine that provides multistrain protection against 100 times lethal doses of influenza in an NP specific CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. VLP assembly and encapsulation of the immunogenic NP cargo protein is the result of a genetically programmed self-assembly making this strategy amendable to the quick production of vaccines to rapidly emerging pathogens. Addition of adjuvants or targeting molecules were not required for eliciting the protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin P. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Center for Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Agnieszka Rynda-Apple
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Ann L. Harmsen
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Allen G. Harmsen
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed, , phone (406) 994-6566, , phone (406) 994-7626
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Center for Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed, , phone (406) 994-6566, , phone (406) 994-7626
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Smith LR, Wodal W, Crowe BA, Kerschbaum A, Bruehl P, Schwendinger MG, Savidis-Dacho H, Sullivan SM, Shlapobersky M, Hartikka J, Rolland A, Barrett PN, Kistner O. Preclinical evaluation of Vaxfectin-adjuvanted Vero cell-derived seasonal split and pandemic whole virus influenza vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1333-45. [PMID: 23857272 DOI: 10.4161/hv.24209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the potency and supply of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines remains an important unmet medical need which may be effectively accomplished with adjuvanted egg- or cell culture-derived vaccines. Vaxfectin, a cationic lipid-based adjuvant with a favorable safety profile in phase 1 plasmid DNA vaccines trials, was tested in combination with seasonal split, trivalent and pandemic whole virus, monovalent influenza vaccines produced in Vero cell cultures. Comparison of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers in Vaxfectin-adjuvanted to nonadjuvanted vaccinated mice and guinea pigs revealed 3- to 20-fold increases in antibody titers against each of the trivalent influenza virus vaccine strains and 2- to 8-fold increases in antibody titers against the monovalent H5N1 influenza virus vaccine strain. With the vaccine doses tested, comparable antibody responses were induced with formulations that were freshly prepared or refrigerated at conventional 2-8°C storage conditions for up to 6 mo. Comparison of T-cell frequencies measured by interferon-gamma ELISPOT assay between groups revealed increases of between 2- to 10-fold for each of the adjuvanted trivalent strains and up to 22-fold higher with monovalent H5N1 strain. Both trivalent and monovalent vaccines were easy to formulate with Vaxfectin by simple mixing. These preclinical data support further testing of Vaxfectin-adjuvanted Vero cell culture vaccines toward clinical studies designed to assess safety and immunogenicity of these vaccines in humans.
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Kommareddy S, Bonificio A, Gallorini S, Baudner B, Singh M, O'hagan D. Preparation of Highly Concentrated Influenza Vaccine for Use in Novel Delivery Approaches. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:866-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kommareddy S, Baudner BC, Bonificio A, Gallorini S, Palladino G, Determan AS, Dohmeier DM, Kroells KD, Sternjohn JR, Singh M, Dormitzer PR, Hansen KJ, O'Hagan DT. Influenza subunit vaccine coated microneedle patches elicit comparable immune responses to intramuscular injection in guinea pigs. Vaccine 2013; 31:3435-41. [PMID: 23398932 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of influenza vaccine using innovative approaches such as microneedles has been researched extensively in the past decade. In this study we present concentration followed by formulation and coating of monobulks from 2008/2009 seasonal vaccine on to 3M's solid microstructured transdermal system (sMTS) by a GMP-scalable process. The hemagglutinin (HA) in monobulks was concentrated by tangential flow filtration (TFF) to achieve HA concentrations as high as 20mg/ml. The stability of the coated antigens was evaluated by the functional assay, single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). The data generated show stability of the coated antigen upon storage at 4°C and room temperature in the presence of desiccant for at least 8 weeks. Freeze-thaw stability data indicate the stability of the coated antigen in stressed conditions. The vaccine coated microstructures were evaluated in vivo in a guinea pig model, and resulted in immune titers comparable to the traditional trivalent vaccine administered intramuscularly. The data presented indicate the potential use of the technology in delivery of influenza vaccine. This paper also addresses the key issues of stability of coated antigen, reproducibility and scalability of the processes used in preparation of influenza vaccine coated microneedle patches that are important in developing a successful product.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kommareddy
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, 350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA-02139, United States.
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Rowhani-Rahbar A, Klein NP, Baxter R. Assessing the safety of influenza vaccination in specific populations: children and the elderly. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 11:973-84. [PMID: 23002978 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive monitoring of the safety of influenza vaccines remains a public health priority, particularly as immunization coverage increases across different age groups at the global level. In this review, the authors provide state-of-the-art knowledge on the safety of influenza immunization among children and the elderly. The authors review the safety information in each group separately for inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines. Adverse events of special concern including febrile seizure, narcolepsy, asthma and Guillain-Barré syndrome are covered under specific considerations. The authors discuss the current status of the field, particularly the use of new technologies for influenza vaccines and their potential safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, One Kaiser Plaza, Floor 16, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
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Cargnelutti DE, Sánchez MV, Mattion NM, Scodeller EA. Development of a universal CTL-based vaccine for influenza. Bioengineered 2013; 4:374-8. [PMID: 23337287 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.23573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of better influenza vaccines, many strategies are being studied worldwide. An attractive alternative is the generation of a broadly cross-reactive vaccine based on the induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) directed against conserved internal antigens of influenza A virus. The feasibility of this approach using recombinant viral vectors has recently been demonstrated in mice and humans by several research groups. However, similar results might also be achieved through immunization with viral proteins expressed in a prokaryotic system formulated with the appropriate adjuvants and delivery systems. This approach would be much simpler and less expensive. Recent results from several laboratories seem to confirm this is as a valid option to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Esteban Cargnelutti
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU-CONICET); Mendoza, Argentina; Animal Virology Center; Institute of Science and Technology Dr César Milstein; CONICET; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Sánchez
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU-CONICET); Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Nora Marta Mattion
- Animal Virology Center; Institute of Science and Technology Dr César Milstein; CONICET; Buenos Aires, Argentina
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